uuid int64 541B 3,299B | dataset stringclasses 1
value | text stringlengths 1 4.29M |
|---|---|---|
3,212,635,540,006 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
The first section of Appendix is entirely devoted to our direct analysis of the Frauchiger-Renner gedankenexperiment with the use of the quantum measurement theory. It can be read independently of the main text. This is why there is some overlap with the main text.
The second section briefly discuss... |
3,212,635,540,007 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
A wide range of physical phenomena can be explained with partial differential equations (PDEs), including sound propagation, heat and mass transfer, fluid flow, and elasticity. The most common methods (i.e., finite difference, finite volume, finite element, spectral eleme... |
3,212,635,540,008 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Golod-Shafarevich groups}
In early 60's, Golod and Shafarevich~\cite{GSh} found a sufficient
condition for a group given by generators and relators
to be infinite. The original condition from \cite{GSh} admits
several generalizations, but the following one
is usually taken as the defi... |
3,212,635,540,009 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
The zero set of simple random walks is an object whose study is as old as that of the random walk itself. Estimates on the random walk hitting zero are crucial in understanding the properties of random walk bridges and excursions. The Brownian counterpart gives rise to a canonic... |
3,212,635,540,010 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent renewed interest in $AdS_4/CFT_3$ duality has a twofold origin. On the one hand, ref.~\cite{abjm} (see also~\cite{bl}) constructed an explicit 3D superconformal field theory with Chern-Simons terms, which is holographically dual to M theory compactified on $AdS_4 \times S^7/Z_k$; on th... |
3,212,635,540,011 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Theories with extra dimensions attract much attention due to the fact of resolution of the long standing
question about hierarchy problem. This problem arises between the scale of gravity and the other
fundamental interactions. Braneworlds models \cite{ark98,ran99} point the way out of it by low... |
3,212,635,540,012 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Recently, filaments and infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) have received special attention because they are the potential
progenitors of cluster formation \citep[e.g.,][]{rath06, beuth07, pere09, myers09, henn10, bata11, ragan12,long12, russeil13}.
Results from the {\it Herschel} Space ... |
3,212,635,540,013 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The L-class space mission proposed by \citet{Delabrouille2019} will have a
tremendous impact on our understanding of the Universe and on many branches of
astrophysics. The project features two instruments at the focus of a 3-m-class,
cold (8\,K) telescope: (i) a broad-band, mul... |
3,212,635,540,014 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is now well established by means of direct and indirect observations that
most, if not all, stars are formed in groups rather than in isolation
(Clarke et al.~\cite{CBH00}, Lada
\& Lada 2003). Adams \& Myers (2001) suggested that most stars form in
small clusters with $\sim 10-100$ members. H... |
3,212,635,540,015 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) are low-mass ($M < 0.1$~M$_{\odot}$) stellar and substellar objects with effective temperatures $T_{\text{eff}} \, \leq $ 3,000 K and spectral types M7 or later, encompassing late-M, L, T, and Y dwarfs
\replaced{\citep{Kirkpatrick:2005aa}}{\citep{Kirkpa... |
3,212,635,540,016 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Although (finite) projective ring planes represent a well-studied, important and venerable branch of algebraic geometry \cite{vk81}--\cite{vk95} and are
endowed with a number of fascinating, although rather counter-intuitive properties not having analogues in ordinary (Galois) projective
planes, ... |
3,212,635,540,017 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation} \label{se:motivation}
In the last years, many interactions between people and between people and companies moved from the offline world into the realms of the more or less anonymous online world. People have been dealing with assessing each other in face-to-face intera... |
3,212,635,540,018 | arxiv |
\section{The probability density function for a L\'{e}vy rotor}
The objective is to derive a general expression for the angular probability density function $P(\psi,t)$ which describes the anomalous diffusion of a fixed-length rotor as illustrated in Fig.\,S1.
\begin{figure}[tbh!]
\unitlength1cm
\begin{c... |
3,212,635,540,019 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In recent years the dynamics of finite condensed matter systems,
especially atomic and molecular clusters, has been extensively studied
from a nonlinear dynamics perspective \cite{general}. Various
quantities of interest like Lyapunov exponents, Lyapunov spectra,
distributions of finite-time Ly... |
3,212,635,540,020 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Analyses of the peculiar velocity field in the local
universe can provide strong constraints on cosmological
models [cf.\ the
reviews by Dekel (1994) and
Strauss \& Willick (1995)]. Among other things, they hold the
promise of testing the gravitational instability mechanism
as the origin of larg... |
3,212,635,540,021 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{i}
We consider the Oberbeck--Bousinesq system describing the motion of an incompressible viscous and heat conducting fluid confined to a bounded domain $\Omega \subset R^d$, $d=2,3$. The velocity $\vc{v} = \vc{v}(t,x)$ of the fluid and the temperature $\Theta=\Theta (t,x)$ satisfy the fol... |
3,212,635,540,022 | arxiv | \section{Our Approach}
In this section, we present the proposed \textbf{S}eed-guided \textbf{M}ulti-label \textbf{T}opic \textbf{M}odel for multi-label dataless text classification, named SMTM. We first describe the generative process and inference of our model. Then we introduce the proposed seed-guided biased GPU sam... |
3,212,635,540,023 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
As elegantly reviewed by \citet{Campanelli:2010fk}, somitogenesis is the process by which vertebrate embryos develop somites, which are transient, repeated blocks of cells arising from the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) that differentiate further into vertebrae, ribs, musculature, and d... |
3,212,635,540,024 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
THz technologies have grown rapidly in the past few decades, with important applications including medical diagnostics, security screening, bio-agent detection, telecommunication, high-speed electronics, and industrial quality control \cite{Siegel2003,Pawar2013,Walowski2016,Zaytsev2019,Amini2021}... |
3,212,635,540,025 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Efficient exploration is one of the main obstacles in scaling up modern deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms \citep{bellemare2016unifying, osband2017deep, fortunato2017noisy}. The main challenge in efficient exploration is the balance between exploiting current estimates, and gaining info... |
3,212,635,540,026 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep neural networks designed for solving the object detection task, are commonly subdivided in a \textit{backbone} and a \textit{head}. The backbone is defined as taking in an image and outputting a set of feature maps. These feature maps are typically of different resolutions, with a factor two... |
3,212,635,540,027 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Query complexity (or decision tree complexity) is a model of computation that allows us to examine the strengths and weaknesses of resources such as access to randomness, nondeterminism, quantum computation and more. \
As opposed to the Turing machine model where we can only c... |
3,212,635,540,028 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Hydrogen-deficient DB stars constitute approximately 20\% of the
white dwarf population. Most are believed to be produced by the so-called
born-again scenario involving a late thermal pulse that consumes the last "drops"
of hydrogen possibly remaining in the star at that pre-white-dwarf stage. Y... |
3,212,635,540,029 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is widely accepted by now that an observer with uniform acceleration $a$ in
the Minkowski vacuum of a free quantum field would feel a thermal bath of
particles at the temperature $T={\hbar a}/{(2\pi ck_{B})}$ \cite{wgu76}. This
effect, discovered in 1976 by Unruh, implicates that the par... |
3,212,635,540,030 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In the recent OPERA neutrino experiment at Gran Sasso Laboratory,
superluminal propagation of neutrinos was reportedly observed
\cite{OPERA}. Since then lots of explanations of this surprising
result have emerged, e.g.~discussions on (the inconsistencies of)
tachyons \cite{drago}, on (the ... |
3,212,635,540,031 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Neural architecture search (NAS), as an emerging field of machine learning, has become one of the main methods to realize automatic machine learning, and has increasingly received widespread attention from the academic.\cite{elsken2018neural} The main technology of NAS is to constru... |
3,212,635,540,032 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from the merger of binary black holes (BHs), GW150914, has marked the beginning of gravitational wave astronomy \cite{Abbott:2016blz}. GWs not only enable us to investigate the emission and properties of these compact objects but also the compact ... |
3,212,635,540,033 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The presence of channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) plays an important role in enhancing the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems \cite{CapacityofMultiantennaGaussian}. However, in practice, the channels between the users and the base station (BS) must b... |
3,212,635,540,034 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Discovery of giant magnetoresistance (MR) in magnetic multilayers \cite
{Baibich, Binash}, which consist of alternating ferromagnetic metal (F)
and normal metal (N) layers, stimulated intensive studies of spin-polarized
transport through layered magnetic structures \cite{Gijs, Bass,Zutic}.
In... |
3,212,635,540,035 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Systems of non-autonomous linear ordinary differential equations arise in a variety of contexts \cite{Autler1955,BenEtAll17,Blanes15,kwaSiv72,Lauder1986,Shirley1965}. Yet, their solution remains surprisingly difficult to obtain, both formally and numerically, especially when dealing with systems ... |
3,212,635,540,036 | arxiv |
\section{Crafting Transferable Adversarial Patches}
\label{sec:sec2_adv}
\begin{figure*}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{figures/optimization_example.pdf}
\caption{The optimization process, graphically described. At each step, we apply the patch to be optimized with random affine tr... |
3,212,635,540,037 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two-body non-leptonic $B$ meson decays play an essential role in particle physics to help us understand the quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
and the CP violation in the Standard Model (SM) \cite{Kou:2018nap,CEPCStudyGroup:2018ghi,Cerri:2018ypt,Gambino:2020jvv}.
With the precision measurements, it al... |
3,212,635,540,038 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
A sizeable fraction of the baryons of the Universe are expected to be in the form of the WHIM (warm-hot intergalactic medium) and remain undetected
at low redshifts. The WHIM is expected to exist mostly in filaments but also around and between massive clusters.
These miss... |
3,212,635,540,039 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravity or centrifugation is commonly used to sort and separate different
particles
out of a mixture \cite{Philipse,Pine} but the underlying microscopic
(i.e.\ particle resolved)
processes of mixing and demixing under settling are still debated
\cite{Rasa,Louis_Padding}.
It is known for long tim... |
3,212,635,540,040 | arxiv | \section{The Polychromatic Jaynes-Cummings Model in the Fock basis} \label{subsec:fockbasisproblem}
\begin{figure*}[ht]
\subfloat[Degenerate basis \label{fig:basisdiagram}]{
\begin{picture}(280,250)
\includegraphics[width=280pt]{degeneratebasisdiagram}
\end{picture}
}
\subfloat[Energy levels \label{fig:en... |
3,212,635,540,041 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We address the problem of comparing samples from two
probability distributions, by proposing statistical tests of the
hypothesis that these distributions are different (this is called
the two-sample or homogeneity problem). Such tests have application in a
variety of areas. In bioinformatic... |
3,212,635,540,042 | arxiv | \section{}
There has long been controversy regarding the strength of the Galactic centre's ambient, large-scale magnetic field.
On a scale of
$\sim$100 pc, fields of $\sim$1000 $\mu$G have been inferred from observations of the
mysterious non-thermal radio filaments \citep{Yusef-Zadeh1987,Morris1989,Morris2007} .
Al... |
3,212,635,540,043 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $q$ be a power of a prime. Let $\bF_{q}$ be a finite field with $q$ elements and $\bF_q^*$ denote its multiplicative group.
A polynomial $f(x)\in \bF_{q}[x]$ is called a permutation polynomial if its associated polynomial mapping $f: c\mapsto f(c)$
from $\bF_q$ to itself is a bijection... |
3,212,635,540,044 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
\indent Valleytronics- the ability to control and manipulate the valley degree of freedom opens new possibilities for energy-efficient devices for both classical and quantum information processing \cite{vitale2018valleytronics,ang2017valleytronics}. Two-dimensional (2D) material... |
3,212,635,540,045 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S-introduction}
The self-steepening of an optical pulse envelope
was first studied by DeMartini et al.
in 1967 \cite{DeMartini-TGK-1967pr},
and is a well-known phenomenon associated with self-phase modulation (SPM).
Surprisingly however,
the possibility of self-steepening of the
... |
3,212,635,540,046 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) contain unique information about
the structure of the proton. Most prominently, they quantify the
transverse spatial distributions of partons in correlation with their
longitudinal momentum \cite{Burkardt:2002hr,Diehl:2002he}. Specific GPDs
provide acces... |
3,212,635,540,047 | arxiv | \section{Analysis of the bulk perturbations across the trench}\label{app:A}
In this Appendix, we analyze different perturbations across the superconducting trench. As shown below, there are six terms which one can write using different combinations of electrons from the two edges, each of which is marginal in the abse... |
3,212,635,540,048 | arxiv | \section{$\mathbb K[\Sigma_3]$-associative algebras}
Let $\Sigma_3=\{Id,\tau_{12},\tau_{13},\tau_{23},c,c^2\}$ be the symmetric group of degree $3$ where $\tau_{ij}$ is the transposition between $i$ and $j$ and $c$ the cycle $(231)$. The multiplication $\sigma\sigma'$ corresponds to the composition $\sigma \circ \sig... |
3,212,635,540,049 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
PSR~J1119$-$6127{} is one of the youngest known pulsars (characteristic age of $\sim1600$\,yr) and has a magnetic field of $B$\,=\,$4\times10^{13}$\,G, one of the highest known among radio pulsars \citep{2000ApJ...541..367C}, where $B= 3.2 \times 10^{19} \sqrt{P \dot{P}}$\,G is the inferred equat... |
3,212,635,540,050 | arxiv | \section{Statement of results}
\subsection{Introduction}
Let $X_1,\ldots,X_n$ be a finite collection\footnote{Since we do not require the points to be distinct, we use the notions ``collection'', ``subcollection'', etc.\ rather than ``set'', ``subset'', etc.} of points in $\R^d$.
Denote its convex hull by $\Pi$:
$$... |
3,212,635,540,051 | arxiv | \section{Shocks and Chemistry in Galaxies}
The silicon monoxide molecule (SiO) is well established
as a good tracer of high temperatures and/or shock chemistry
in molecular clouds. For shock velocities larger than 40 km/s,
grain destruction becomes important, and Si and SiO can be
released to the gas phase.
SiO abunda... |
3,212,635,540,052 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The search for physics beyond the standard model has been a long endeavor in particle physics. Our hope is now on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment which is supposed to start getting physics data next year, in 2010. If there is a new physics up to $\sim 1$~TeV, such as predicted by most... |
3,212,635,540,053 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since Faltings' proof~\cite{Faltings1983} of Mordell's conjecture, we know
that a curve of genus~$g \ge 2$ can have only finitely many rational points.
This raises the question whether there might be uniform bounds of some
sort on the number of rational points.
Caporaso, Harris, and Mazur~\cite{... |
3,212,635,540,054 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A property of critical importance for complex networks is their resilience
to damage or attack \cite{1,2,3,4,5}. One fascinating demonstration of the underlying
complexity of these systems is that compromise in structure can be
substantial even after the loss of a very small number of nodes \cit... |
3,212,635,540,055 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
An important application of nuclear studies is the determination of the astrophysical reaction rates, which are basis for nucleosynthesis calculations. The radiative capture rates has two qualitatively different contributions: resonant and non-resonant. For studies of the \em... |
3,212,635,540,056 | arxiv | \section{A tale of two realizations}
In the case that a large mass gap with the heavier NP state $R$
is confirmed, as experiments seem to be indicating, the EFT approach
appears as the most convenient one for future data analysis and interpretation.
The aim of this talk is to discuss two questions that are often posed... |
3,212,635,540,057 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec1}Introduction}
Soon after the discovery of QCD it was realized that due to the confinement of
color charges the QCD vacuum must behave like a perfect (or nearly perfect)
color diaelectric medium \cite{RX1}. This picture is also realized in the MIT bag
model \cite{RX2}
or SLAC bag model \cite{RX3}.... |
3,212,635,540,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In the baseline technical report for the FLAIR facility at FAIR, Darmstadt \cite{FLAIR-TP}, a facility for low-energy antiproton and ion research was described (cf. Fig.~\ref{fig:FLAIR}) that makes use of a magnetic storage ring (Low energy Storage Ring -- LSR) to decelerate antipro... |
3,212,635,540,059 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Feature selection is a classic and one of the most important problems in machine learning and data mining field, aiming to remove irrelevant and redundant features from the original feature set. With effective and efficient feature selection algorithms, we can achieve low computation cost, good p... |
3,212,635,540,060 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
This work was supported by the BMBF grant No. 01 BM 622.
|
3,212,635,540,061 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Mermin-Wagner theorem---which forbids spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetries in dimensions $D\leq 2$---relies in particular on the assumption of unitarity. It has long been known that when unitarity is broken---typically, in statistical mechanics systems where some ``Boltzmann-weights... |
3,212,635,540,062 | arxiv |
\subsection{Canonical analysis}
The action of the scalar field conformally coupled to general relativity is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:CombinedAction}
S = S_{GR} + S_{\Phi} = \frac{1}{\kappa} \int_{M} d^{D+1}X \sqrt{|g|} R^{(D+1)} a(\Phi) + \frac{1}{2\lambda} \int_{M} d^{D+1}X \sqrt{|g|} g^{\mu \nu} (\na... |
3,212,635,540,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The isobar model $\eta$MAID~\cite{MAID2003} was developed in 2002 for $\eta$ photo-
and electroproduction on nucleons.
The model includes a nonresonant background, which consists of nucleon Born terms, the
vector meson exchange in the $t$ channel, and $s$-channel resonance excitations.
The vec... |
3,212,635,540,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent exciting developments in transport experiments on graphene
\cite{Novoselov05} have stimulated theoretical and experimental
studies of possible superconductivity phenomena in this material.
Experimentally, there are both hints towards intrinsic
superconductivity \cite{Esquinazi08} and ob... |
3,212,635,540,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The statistical properties of disordered systems is a rich and long-standing
problem which attracts many efforts both theoretical and experimental. In
quantum solid state physics much attention is paid to statistics of
eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of closed disordered systems. Disorder in
... |
3,212,635,540,066 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Abundance measurements
of isotopes and elements in stars provide a fundamental diagnostic for stellar evolution and internal stellar conditions.
Theoretical predictions from stellar models can be directly compared with
observations of
very old stars
\cite{yoon:18}, or with
evolved stars of any ... |
3,212,635,540,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-5pt}
This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm for empirical risk minimization:
\begin{align} \label{eq:prob}
{\min}_{w \in \mathbb{R}^d} F(w) := \tfrac{1}{n} {\textstyle\sum}_{i=1}^n f(w;x^i,y^i) = \tfrac{1}{n} {\textstyle\sum}_{i=1}^n f_i(w),
\end{align}
where $\{(x^i,y... |
3,212,635,540,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Semidefinite programming (SDP) \cite{Nem,WSV} is the main branch
of convex optimization to emerge in the last 25 years.
Feasibility sets of semidefinite programs are given by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs)
and are called spectrahedra.
We refer to the book \cite{BPR13} for an overview of t... |
3,212,635,540,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a reductive connected algebraic group over $\mathbb C$,
endowed with a Borel subgroup $B$ and a maximal torus $T\subset B$.
Irreducible rational representations of $G$ are classified by their
highest weight: to the dominant integral weight $\lambda$ corresponds
the irreducible represen... |
3,212,635,540,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{over}
For integers $n \geq r \geq 1$, we let $T_{n,r}$ denote the \textit{Tur\'an graph}, i.e., the complete
$r$-partite graph on $n$ vertices where each partite set has either
$\left\lfloor n/r \right\rfloor$ or $\left\lceil n/r\right\rceil$ vertices
and the edge set consists of al... |
3,212,635,540,071 | arxiv | \section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\begin{center}
\vskip .3in \noindent
{\Large \bf{Localized O6-plane solutions with Romans mass}}
\bigskip
Fabio Saracco and Ale... |
3,212,635,540,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Accreting X-ray pulsars are X-ray binary systems in which a highly magnetized neutron star, with a magnetic field strength typically between $10^{11-13}$\,G, accretes matter from its companion star. The mass donors are mainly stars with masses $>10 M_\sun$ \citep{liu_2006}, maki... |
3,212,635,540,073 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{SEC:Introduction}
The electronic waste (e-waste) is a modern problem under increasing concern and awareness, there are various possible approaches to reduce and mitigate it, the most obvious is the collection and recycling of discarded devices, however the most ideal is just to make techno... |
3,212,635,540,074 | arxiv | \section{#1}\label{sec:#2}}
\def\mysubsection#1#2{\subsection{#1}\label{sec:#2}}
\def\mysubsubsection#1#2{\subsubsection{#1}\label{sec:#2}}
\newcommand{\mathop{\rm arg~max}\limits}{\mathop{\rm arg~max}\limits}
\newcommand{\mathop{\rm arg~min}\limits}{\mathop{\rm arg~min}\limits}
|
3,212,635,540,075 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
We first review the problem of stochastic multi-armed bandits (sMAB) with contaminated rewards, or contaminated stochastic bandits (CSB). This scenario assumes that rewards associated with an action are sampled i.i.d. from a fixed distribution and that the learner observes the reward after an adv... |
3,212,635,540,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Galaxies experience several star formation episodes and interaction events during their lifetimes, resulting in complex systems that might have significantly changed their morphological appearance, orbital structure, and stellar population properties.
All the different componen... |
3,212,635,540,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Galaxies represent complex gravitationally bound systems, the main constituents of which are enigmatic dark matter, stars, gas, and dust. The subject of interstellar dust, which manifests itself by the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) and optical photons, light scattering, and th... |
3,212,635,540,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several problems in applied mathematics such as calculus of variations, optimal control theory and stochastic programming, among others, rely on the study of integral functions and functionals given by the following expression
\begin{equation}\label{DefinitionIntegrand}
\displaystyle x(\cdot)... |
3,212,635,540,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A remarkable property of strongly stratified turbulent flows is their propensity to form density staircases with relatively thin interfaces separating regions of homogenised density \citep{ruddick1989,park1994}.
Such staircases are routinely observed in the thermocline structure of the ocean.
I ... |
3,212,635,540,080 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions}\label{s:conclusions}
We presented a method that can learn to track physical objects such as balls rolling on complex terrains using only raw video sequences and no supervision. Combined with recent neural networks that can learn an implicit representation of physics, such a system is able to e... |
3,212,635,540,081 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV$^-$) centers in diamond~\cite{Jelezko:2006} are
useful for quantum information~\cite{GurudevDutt:2007},
magnetometry (see the review by Rondin \textit{et al.}~\cite{Rondin:2014})
and nanoscale sensing applications (see the review by
Schirhagl \textit... |
3,212,635,540,082 | arxiv | \section{Spin components of condensate wavefunctions.}
Here we present wavefunctions of spin-orbit coupled condensate at different stages, corresponding to the times before and after the fragmentation.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{figureS1a.eps} \vspace{0.5cm} \includ... |
3,212,635,540,083 | arxiv | \chapter{%
\def\mychapter{%
\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
\thispagestyle{empty}\global\@topnum\z@
\@afterindenttrue \secdef\@mychapter\@schapter}
\def\@mychapter[#1]#2#3{\refstepcounter{chapter}%
\ifnum\c@secnumdepth<\z@ \let\@secnumber\@empty
\else \let\@secnumber\thechapter \fi
\typeout... |
3,212,635,540,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are widely spread across organs and tubes where they provide a variety of functions in the body. The contraction and relaxation of SMCs regulates organ function, such as the flow rate of blood vessels \cite{Lamboley2003,shaikh... |
3,212,635,540,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that the monic Hermite polynomials $H_n$ can be expressed in terms of the monic Laguerre polynomials
$L_n^{(-1/2)}$ and $L_n^{(1/2)}$ by means of the formulas~\cite{Szego}
\[
H_{2n}(\lambda)=L_n^{(-1/2)}(\lambda^2),\quad H_{2n+1}(\lambda)=\lambda L_n^{(1/2)}(\lambda^2),\qu... |
3,212,635,540,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Many of the extensions of the standard model that are testable at the
LHC have been motivated by the hierarchy puzzle. However, the small
value of the cosmological constant requires a fine tuning that in many
ways is quite similar to the fine tuning needed to keep the Higgs sc... |
3,212,635,540,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the following graph partition problem, called the \emph{unbalanced cut problem}.
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph and let $V_{1},V_{2}\subset V$
be a partition of the vertex set, $V$, such that
\begin{align*}
\abs{V_{1}} =\alpha\abs{V} \qquad \text{ and } \qquad
\abs{V_{2}} =(1-\alpha)\abs{V}... |
3,212,635,540,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) spend the majority of their lives in a low-luminosity/accretion phase ($\sim$90\%; \citealt{Yuan2014}). A common way to refer to these objects is as low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, or LL-AGN. The emission from these LL-AGN is very much enigmatic, largely... |
3,212,635,540,089 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s1}
One of the classical directions in the analysis of Markov processes are limit theorems
for Markov processes, such as the law of large numbers, central limit theorem and law of the iterated
logarithm. In this paper, we discuss a version of the Birkhoff ergodic theorem (law of large n... |
3,212,635,540,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ``phenotyping bottleneck'' refers to the phenomenon that the agricultural community is not able to accurately and efficiently collect data on physical properties of crops \citep{furbank2011phenomics}. This high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) bottleneck is oftentimes due to resource limitations... |
3,212,635,540,091 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}EFT has become a main tool for quantitative study of many issues in nuclear physics, both for few body physics and for many body issues. Among the various EFTs for nuclear physics, the pionless EFT or EFT$(\not\!\!\pi)$ is particularly useful in illustrating many important issues\cite{review1,revi... |
3,212,635,540,092 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-equilibrium phenomena are ubiquitous. In particular, it is now possible to control some systems out of equilibrium in the laboratory due to
various experimental breakthroughs in atomic physics, quantum optics and nanoscience. With this, a wealth of effort has been made towards the theoretical... |
3,212,635,540,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ be an extension of the finite field $\mathbb{F}_2$. Many codes defined over $\mathbb{F}_2$ are subfield subcodes of another code defined over the extension $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$. For instance, Alternant codes are subfield subcodes of Generalized Reed-Solomon codes and
classi... |
3,212,635,540,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
A galaxy cluster contains tens to hundreds of member galaxies (with some reaching over a thousand members) surrounded by hot, ionized plasma called the intracluster medium (ICM), all embedded in a massive dark matter halo that constitutes the majority of the cluster mass. The I... |
3,212,635,540,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the 1970s the foundations of supergeometry have been
investigated by several physicists and mathematicians. Most of the
treatments (e.~g.\ \cite{BL, Kostant, Berezin, Leites, Manin, DM,
Varadarajan}) present supermanifolds as classical manifolds where
the structure sheaf is modified so th... |
3,212,635,540,096 | arxiv |
\section{Derivation of Generalized EM}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:derivation}
\begin{aligned}
&\log p(R|C) \\
&= \log \frac{p(Z_k,Z_\alpha,R|C)}{p(Z_k,Z_\alpha|C,R)} \quad \mbox{(by Bayes' rule)} \\
&= \log p(Z_k,Z_\alpha,R|C) - \log p(Z_k,Z_\alpha|C,R) + \log q(Z_k,Z_\alpha|C,R) - \log q(Z_k,... |
3,212,635,540,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given two random samples: $X_1,\cdots,X_m \stackrel{\text{iid}}{\sim} F_X, Y_1,\cdots, Y_n\stackrel{\text{iid}}{\sim} F_Y$, we concern the hypothesis testing $H_0: F_X=F_Y$ against $ H_a: F_X\neq F_Y$. This two-sample testing problem is a fundamental problem in statistics and has been extensive... |
3,212,635,540,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The epoch of reionization (EoR) is an important and largely unconstrained stage in the evolution of our universe \citep{Barkana01}. The first stars and galaxies can start ionization of the neutral intergalactic medium (IGM) as early as $z\sim 20$ or even before while completion of the ionization... |
3,212,635,540,099 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
\label{sec1}
Our notation is fairly standard. $[X]^n$ is the set of all subsets of $X$ of cardinality $n$. If $(X,\tau)$ is a topological space, $\mathcal{F}(X)$ will be the set of all nonempty closed subsets of $X$, and if $n\in \omega$, then $F_{n}(X):=\{A\in \mathcal{F}(X)\; | \; |A|\leq n\}$... |
3,212,635,540,100 | arxiv | \section{General Criteria for Relative Realizability} \label{sec-criteria}
\subsection{Relative Realizability of Cycles}
As in Notation \ref{not-plane} let $B(M(L))=\trop(E) \subset
\RR^{n+1}/\left\langle \bf{1}\right\rangle$ be the matroid fan obtained by
tropicalizing a plane $E$ in a torus $X$. In this section we ... |
3,212,635,540,101 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of sentence simplification is to compose complex sentences into simpler ones so that they are more comprehensible and accessible, while still retaining the original information content and meaning.
Sentence simplification has a number of practical applications. On one hand, it provides ... |
3,212,635,540,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Localized manipulation and directional, linear and nonlinear emission of light at sub-wavelength scale is one of the important goals of nanophotonics. To this end, a variety of nanostructures made of plasmonic\cite{ojant,smcr,nn,brongnm,hhbook,npz,teri,ojnano,alex,kth,ogatanre,ogataapl,ogataome... |
3,212,635,540,103 | arxiv | \section{Related works and further application}
\label{s:app}
In this section we discuss two related works to see some
potential applicability of the method presented in the previous section
and one more work to see a limit of the computational power of the
method.
In \cite{Marion03} a term rewrite system $\R... |
3,212,635,540,104 | arxiv | \section{Fragments in flight along UHECR}
UHECR Astronomy and nuclear composition are more and more in severe conflict. This contradiction were already inherited in early, apparent, discover of a Super Galactic UHECR correlation \cite{Auger-Nov07}. In that
key article the needed UHECR directionality (assumed nucleo... |
3,212,635,540,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Gamma$ be an $\widetilde A_2$ group acting on an $\widetilde A_2$ building $\Delta$ of order $q$. The Furstenberg boundary $\Omega$ of $\Delta$ is the set of chambers of the spherical building at infinity, endowed with a natural compact totally disconnected topology.
The topological actio... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.