uuid
int64
541B
3,299B
dataset
stringclasses
1 value
text
stringlengths
1
4.29M
2,121,713,844,541
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Wasserstein distances \citep{villani2009optimal} are a class of metrics between probability measures, which have found extensive use in probability \citep{villani2003topics, villani2009optimal}, statistics \citep{panaretos2019statistical, ramdas2019on}, and machine learning \ci...
2,121,713,844,542
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Oscillatory activity at multiple frequency bands is widely observed in the brain, among other natural, biological and technological systems. It is thought that synchronization of brain oscillations within the same frequency band supports effective neural communication \cite{PS-PJM:2012}, and ext...
2,121,713,844,543
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{M}{etasurfaces} are planar structures composed of subwavelength elements. They can realize various EM wave manipulation functionalities, including wave refraction, wave reflection, polarization operation, antenna beam forming, etc\cite{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}. In recent...
2,121,713,844,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Collective action problems are ubiquitous in the modern world and represent an important challenge for artificial intelligence. Routing packets across computer networks~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1106-1821}, irrigating large tracts of land with multiple owners~\cite{ostrom_1990} and coordinati...
2,121,713,844,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For $r\in {\mathbb N}$, by an {\bf $r$-coloring} of a set $X$ we understand a function on $X$ with at most $r$ values. If $C$ is a category, by ${\rm ob}(C)$ we denote the class of all objects of $C$; for $a,b\in {\rm ob}(C)$, ${\rm hom}(a,b)$ stands for the class of all morphisms in $C$ from $...
2,121,713,844,546
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} The author would like to thank Itay Neeman for his assistance in revising this paper. \section{Introduction} Given some infinite cardinal $\kappa$, a \emph{$\kappa$-Aronszajn tree} is a tree of height $\kappa$ without cofinal branches all of whose levels have cardinality $< \kappa$. By ...
2,121,713,844,547
arxiv
\section{Probabilistic Bimulations for Interval Markov decision processes} \label{sec:bisimulation} Let us fix an interval MDP $(S, \Sigma, \mathit{AP},L, \mathit{I})$. In this section, we define probabilistic bisimulations for different interpretations of Interval MDP. Namely the bisimulation $\sim_{(\forall)}$ for ...
2,121,713,844,548
arxiv
\section{introduction} Coherent states are at the heart of semiclassical descriptions of generic quantum systems and have proven to be a versatile tool in a multitude of physical problems. In the general literature \cite{Klauder85,Perelomov86,Zhang90,Barnett97,Gazeau09}, mainly two types of coherent states are ...
2,121,713,844,549
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Linear mixed models and model-based estimators including the empirical Bayes estimator (EB) or empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP) have been studied quite extensively in the literature from both theoretical and applied points of view. Of these, small area estimation is an important a...
2,121,713,844,550
arxiv
\subsection{\large Introduction}\label{intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} The following elliptic eigenvalue problem with a large drift term is considered in this paper. Let $\Omega$ be a bounded Lipschitz domain in $\R^n$ ($n\geq 1$). For a given vector field $\ba =(a_1,\cdots,a_n)^{\rm T} \in L^\infty (\Omega,\R^n)$...
2,121,713,844,551
arxiv
\section{Analysis and Conclusion} \section{Conclusion} In this paper, we propose a new problem: cross-language citation recommendation (CCR). Unlike existing scholarly recommendation problem, CCR enables cross language and cross repository recommendation. The proposed Hierarchical Representation Learning on Heterogene...
2,121,713,844,552
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper focuses on the representation of a random variable as an adapted Lebesgue - as opposed to stochastic - integral. We start the analysis with statements of our main results and then place them in the extant literature while offering motivation for their study. \medskip Let $(\Omega, ...
2,121,713,844,553
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} One of the main objectives of studying different ways of optimizing perturbative expansions for physical quantities is to disclose critical information about the sources of ambiguities that arise at different orders in perturbation theory studies. The limits and validity of these ...
2,121,713,844,554
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Semantic parsing is defined as the task of parsing a natural language sentence into a logical form that represents its meaning. The logical form, or sometimes called the meaning representation language (MRL) expression, can be executed against a knowledge base to extract information; therefore, ...
2,121,713,844,555
arxiv
\subsection{Disordered regime, $g \ll (\omega,\Omega)\ll t$} \begin{figure}[t] \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{pairing} \caption{The gap equation for the inter-dot pairing. One can show that the interaction for all other channels is repulsive.} \label{diag2} \end{figure} \noindent\textbf{The Pairing problem...
2,121,713,844,556
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The outbursts of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) are dramatic and intriguing events. They have the potential for allowing the study of the physical and emission processes close to the event horizon. The accretion process and associated intermittent jet-production results in...
2,121,713,844,557
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Int}Introduction} A large amount of experiments with solar, atmospheric, reactor and accelerator neutrinos have provided compelling evidence for oscillations of neutrinos caused by nonzero neutrino masses and neutrino mixing~\cite{Kajita:2016cak,McDonald:2016ixn,nobel_NPB}. Both three flavor neutr...
2,121,713,844,558
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Perturbation theory concerns the investigation of the stability of a given system under small changes. In the context of Markov chains, it studies the impact of perturbing the transition mechanism, i.e., the transition kernel or matrix, on the resulting behavior of the corresponding chain. For e...
2,121,713,844,559
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\lb{sec1} \smallskip Let $V$ be a vector space equipped with a bilinear nondegenerate (symmetric or antisymmetric) form. The Brauer algebra \cite{Br} generalizes the tower of the centralizing algebras which appears in the Brauer--Schur--Weyl duality, related to $V$. The Birman--Murakami--Wenzl ...
2,121,713,844,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Astronomical observations brought important changes in modern cosmology \cite{Dodelson:2003}. While the type Ia supernovae (SNIa) data are most often employed, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations and big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) analysis can also be used. They allow the exotic ...
2,121,713,844,561
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lattice anharmonicity plays an important role in characterizing various physical properties of solids and molecules, including the temperature-dependence of vibrational frequencies, thermal expansion and phase stability of solids~\cite{wallace_book}. It is also responsible for the finite ph...
2,121,713,844,562
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Human-object interaction (HOI) detection is a core problem for in-depth understanding of visual scenes. The task requires localizing instances (humans and objects) and predicting their interactions in the form of $\left<human, action, object\right>$ from a given image. It plays an important role ...
2,121,713,844,563
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \subsection{Notations} The main notations can be found in the Table~\ref{tab:notations}. \begin{table}[h] \small \begin{tabular}{p{1.8cm}p{6cm}} \toprule Notation & Description\\ \midrule \midrule $G, A, S, E$ & The original graph, the adjacency matrix, the generic graph filter and the edge set...
2,121,713,844,564
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par Future event anticipation is one of the key components of any intelligent decision-making system. This task of predicting events from a given video clip, has recently attracted the attention of key research communities in the fields of Computer Vision and Machine/Deep Learning. \par Although...
2,121,713,844,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since 2019 the world has struggled with the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, with millions of infections and deaths worldwide~\cite{Wang2020}. Until now, there are a total of 427,169,421 global cases and a total of 5,902,878 global deaths~\cite{coviddata} (updated February 22th, 2022). Due ...
2,121,713,844,566
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper studies a non-linear analogue of the Chung--Diaconis--Graham process, defined on $\mathbb F_p$ by \begin{equation*} X_{n+1}=aX_n+\varepsilon_{n+1}, \end{equation*} where $a\in\mathbb F_p^\times$ is fixed and the $\varepsilon_i$ are independent and identically distributed. The mixin...
2,121,713,844,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation} In this paper we are concerned with the problem of describing the gravitational dynamics of arbitrary $n \geq 2$ compact non-rotating bodies moving in a background Minkowski spacetime. By assuming non-relativistic motion, this problem can be approached in a perturbative manner, by...
2,121,713,844,568
arxiv
\section{Introduction} During the last decade or so, the search and interest in the superconductivity of non-Cu based oxides has extended from an effort to understand the pairing mechanism in the cuprates to a broader search of superconductivity in materials in which electron correlations are thought to play a determi...
2,121,713,844,569
arxiv
\subsection{Estimating Infrared Excess} Targets with redder colors than main-sequence stars imply emission due to warm dust. The warmer the dust, the shorter the wavelength at which the excess is observed. As in the previous c2d papers on WTTS \citep{2006ApJ...645.1283P}, we look for color excess using the 2MASS a...
2,121,713,844,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Suppose that $M$ is a compact $\mathcal{C}^\infty$ Riemannian manifold, and that $T : M \to M$ is a sufficiently smooth, uniformly expanding (or uniformly hyperbolic) map. One approach to characterising the statistical properties of $T$ is by finding a Banach space $(X, \norm{\cdot})$ such that\...
2,121,713,844,571
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} \small{ \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \section{Threat Model} \label{s:threat_model} In this section we present the threat model considered for testing our model. The threat model considered in this paper is focused on attacks targeting the output of the engine model, with the final goal to ...
2,121,713,844,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observational data of Type Ia supernovae~\cite{Perlmutter1999,Riess1998}, the cosmic microwave background radiation~\cite{Spergel2003,Spergel2007} and the large scale structure~\cite{Tegmark2004,Eisenstein2005} have indicated that our universe is undergoing an accelerated expansion. In order...
2,121,713,844,573
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} This research work is supported by the Academy of Finland's AutoSOS project (Grant No. 328755) and RoboMesh project (Grant No. 336061). \bibliographystyle{unsrt} \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Multiple industrial use cases benefit from the deployment of Unmanned aeria...
2,121,713,844,574
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, visual question answering (VQA) \cite{antol2015vqa} and image captioning \cite{donahue2015long,rennie2017self} have been widely studied in both the computer vision and NLP communities. Most recent VQA research \cite{lu2017knowing,pedersoli2017areas,anderson2017bottom,lu2018r} con...
2,121,713,844,575
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:intro} \subsection{Motivations} Due to the inherent scarcity of frequency spectrum and increasing wireless traffic demands nowadays, frequency reuse has become an essential key technological issue associated with contemporary wireless communication systems. Frequency reuse intrinsic...
2,121,713,844,576
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \begin{align} p & = 1,\\ n_s &= 2.4\times 10^{25} \text{m}^{-3},\\ \mu_3 &= 1.07\times 10^{-26} \text{J}/\text{T},\\ \gamma_3 &= 2\pi\times 32.4\times 10^{6} \text{Hz/T},\\ T_2 &= 1000 \text{s},\\ \mu_0 & = 4\pi\times 10^{-7} \text{N}/\text{A}^2 \end{align} \begin{align} \...
2,121,713,844,577
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Training machine learning models in a decentralized way has attracted intensive interests recently~\cite{Lian_dsgd,Yuan_dsgd,colin2016gossip}. In the decentralized setting, there is a set of workers, each of which collect{\color{black}s } data from different data sources. Instead of sending all ...
2,121,713,844,578
arxiv
\subsection{#1}\setcounter{theorem}{0} \setcounter{equation}{0} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} \renewcommand{\thetheorem}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{theorem}} \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{corr}[theorem]{Corollary} \newtheorem{prop}[theorem]{Prop} \newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition} \newtheorem...
2,121,713,844,579
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} The evolution of economic and innovation systems at the national scale is shaped by a complex dynamics, the footprint of which is the nested structure of the activities in which different countries are competitive. Nestedness is a persistent feature across multiple kinds (layers) of activities relat...
2,121,713,844,580
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}% \z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}% {\bfserie \centering }} \def\@secnumfont{\bfseries} \makeatother \setlength{\textheight}{19.5 cm} \setlength{\textwidth}{12.5 cm} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem...
2,121,713,844,581
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} One of the most peculiar features of the Universe is the observed baryon asymmetry, the difference between the density of baryons and anti-baryons, quantitatively described by the dimensionless number \begin{eqnarray} {n_B\over s} \equiv \eta \simeq 10^{-10} \ , \label{eta} \end{eq...
2,121,713,844,582
arxiv
\section*{Appendix}}\let
2,121,713,844,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As data centers become larger, ensuring reliable access to the data they store becomes a greater concern. Each piece of hardware introduces a new point of failure -- the more hardware, the more likely it is that failure will occur. Moreover, to keep large-scale data centers cost-effe...
2,121,713,844,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Definitions} \label{sec:Definitions} For the sake of simplicity, we consider a discrete-time model (analogous to the one of \cite{CandesFourier}) and denote signals in time domain as $x\in {\mathbb C}^n$, $x = (x(t))_{1\le t\le n}=(x(1),\dots, x(n))^{\sf T}$. Their discrete Fou...
2,121,713,844,585
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace{\parindent} Modified theories of gravity in the form of braneworld models can in principle account for the phenomenon of dark energy as well as for nontrivial compactifications of multi-dimensional string models. It becomes increasingly more obvious that one should include in such model...
2,121,713,844,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Abstract Meaning Representation \cite{banarescu2013abstract} is a semantic representation which is a rooted, directed, acyclic graph where the nodes represent concepts (words, PropBank \cite{DBLP:journals/coling/PalmerKG05} framesets or special keywords) and the edges represent relations between ...
2,121,713,844,587
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} Gaussian states, namely, states with a Gaussian Wigner functions, are fully characterised by the first two moments of the canonical variables. As a consequence, the full information about their quantum state is conveyed by the vector of the average values and by their covariance...
2,121,713,844,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dissipation of the energy carried by relativistic plasma outflows is important for the physics of pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts (for recent reviews see \cite{2007astro.ph..3116K} and \cite{2005RvMP...76.1143P}). In these objects, the plasma is probably composed of electrons, positrons and p...
2,121,713,844,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\F{q}$ denote the finite field with $q$ elements. Of course $q=p^n$ for some prime number $p$ and some positive integer $n$. Given such field, one may consider absolutely irreducible, projectively closed, nonsingular algebraic curves $\mathcal C$ defined over $\F{q}$. Given such an algebr...
2,121,713,844,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The era of 2D materials started with the discovery of graphene, hosting massless Dirac quasiparticles, with gate tunable electronic and optical properties.\cite{Novoselov,Castro,ZHONG201720} This motivated the discovery of several other 2D semiconductors. Among them, transition metal dichalcogeni...
2,121,713,844,591
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The soft ($< 2$ keV) X--ray background is thought to arise from the integrated signal of individual unresolved sources (Fabian and Barcons, 1992, and references therein). Although broad line AGN are known to be the main contributors to the soft X--ray background at higher fluxes (Shanks \etal 19...
2,121,713,844,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The existence of nonthermal particle populations in the heliospheric plasma is well confirmed by various in-situ measurements.\cite{Maksimovic-et-al-2005,Zouganelis-et-al-2005, Marsch-2006} The velocity distributions of plasma particles deviate from thermal (Maxwellia...
2,121,713,844,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion that our Universe may consist of more than 3-spatial dimensions has enamored us for some time. The discovery of the D-branes in string theory \cite{D-brane} has provided theorists with a rich theoretical framework to construct theories with extra dimensions, which has resulted ...
2,121,713,844,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Higgs sector is the last unknown part of the standard model (SM). In the SM, the tree level Higgs self-coupling $\lambda_{hhh} = 3m_{h}^{2}/v$ and $\lambda_{hhhh} = 3m_{h}^{2}/v^{2}$ are uniquely determined by the Higgs boson mass $m_{h}$, where $v$ is vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the Hi...
2,121,713,844,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Studies of the abundant CO molecule toward external galaxies have revealed the large scale structure of the molecular mass in these objects. Unfortunately, high optical depth tends to limit the utility of the abundant CO molecule as a probe of the spatial density and kinetic tempe...
2,121,713,844,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concept of Shape Invariance in Quantum Mechanics has a long tradition beginning in some of the works of Schr\"odinger himself \cite{Sch40,Sch41,Sch41b} and developed afterwards in a classic work by Infeld and Hull \cite{InfHul51}. These works dealt with exactly solvable problems in Quantum...
2,121,713,844,597
arxiv
\section{Batched Triangle Listing}\label{sec:batched-triangle} In this section, we extend our algorithms in the previous sections to handle batches of more than one update. Our results are in the batched model (formally defined in~\cref{sec:prelims}) where in each batch of updates, $O(1)$ updates occur \emph{adjacent ...
2,121,713,844,598
arxiv
\section{The Algebra of Problems} \label{sec:problems} The Weihrauch lattice offers a framework to classify the uniform computational content of problems and theorems from analysis and other areas of mathematics. This framework can be seen as an attempt to create a calculus of mathematical problems, very much ...
2,121,713,844,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transformers \citep{vaswani2017attention} based architectures like BERT \citep{bert2018}, XL-net \citep{xlnet}, GPT-2 \citep{gpt2}, MT-DNN \citep{mtdnn}, RoBERTA \citep{roberta} reached state-of-the-art performance on tasks like machine translation \citep{bert_nmt}, language modelling \citep{gpt2...
2,121,713,844,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The present note is related to our papers \cite{BO-JFA12}, \cite{BO-MMJ13}, \cite{BO-2013}, and may be viewed as a companion to the latter paper. The purpose of \cite{BO-JFA12} and \cite{BO-2013} was to construct new models of infinite-dimensional Markov dynamics of representation-theoret...
2,121,713,844,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With researchers motivated by the prospect of quantum computing, qubit dephasing has been a topic of intense research over the past decade. Various models of this venerable \cite{klauder} phenomenon have been investigated. The most popular have been the spin-boson or spin bath models \cite{legg...
2,121,713,844,602
arxiv
\section{Significance statement} Human Schlemm's canal endothelial cells in physiological conditions are subjected to a pressure gradient caused by the flow of aqueous humor in the basal-to-apical direction across the endothelium leading to the formation of cellular outpouchings called giant vacuoles. The physical mec...
2,121,713,844,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The out-of-equilibrium dynamics of closed quantum systems is nowadays a very active field of research (see~\cite{polkovnikov11_nonequilibrium_dynamics} for a review). The central question behind these efforts is to describe the dynamics of an isolated many-body system towards an eventual statio...
2,121,713,844,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The elastic nucleon electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities characterizing important features of neutron and proton structure that include their size, charge distribution and magnetization. An accurate determination of these quantities in lattice QCD is timely and importan...
2,121,713,844,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The simple exclusion process $\eta_. = (\eta_t)_{t \geq 0}$ on a countable space $S$, with random walk kernel $p(.)$, is a continuous time Markov process on $X \mathrel{\mathop:}= \{ 0,1 \}^S$. For a configuration $\eta \in X$, we say that the site $x$ is occupied (by a particle) if $\eta(x) = 1...
2,121,713,844,606
arxiv
\section{Examples for Memory Model} \label{memorymodel} The following $4$ block representations illustrates how to use the memory model to express scalar type, arrays, product type, and sum type values. ~\\ {\scriptsize({\bf M1})} \RruleM{ \RruleM{\code{0}}{baddress}\\ \RruleM{\code{1}}{bnum} \RruleM{\code{0$\mapsto$2}...
2,121,713,844,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} After the discovery of a Higgs boson with a mass around \SI{125}{\GeV}~\cite{Chatrchyan:2012xdj,Aad:2012tfa} the searches for new scalars have intensified and expanded into more and more search signatures. Evidence for the existence of additional neutral and/or electrically cha...
2,121,713,844,608
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:indroduction} The aim of this project is to develop a robotic system capable of delivering unbiased tactile stimuli. The system is composed of i) a three-DOF parallel robot arm (Force Dimension Delta 3), ii) a six-channel force-torque sensor (NI-DAQ), and iii) a stepper motor (Arduin...
2,121,713,844,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of this paper are twofold. One purpose is to bring together two independent lines of research in applied mathematics and industrial economics: fractional-order difference equations and Cournot equilibria. The other is to introduce long memory to classical Cournot duopoly games by rep...
2,121,713,844,610
arxiv
\section{The static chains} To specify the Hamiltonians, we use standard bra-ket notation, where $|n\rangle$ denotes the state of a particle at site $n \in \mathbb Z$. For the chains \textsf{(Sp)}, \textsf{(Fl)} in Fig.~\ref{Fig:1} in the main text, we identify `filled' sites $\bullet$ with even $n$, and `open' sites...
2,121,713,844,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent discoveries of intrinsic magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has promoted the development of technological and theoretical advances, such as the application of atomically thin and flexible magnetoelectric devices, the study of topology and phase transitio...
2,121,713,844,612
arxiv
\section{Introduction}With the advent of Internet of things, all devices around us are generating data in day-to-day life. The explosion of data and wide-adoption of machine intelligence result in billions of interactive or automated queries issued and executed per day on large web servers or databases. Due to the ever...
2,121,713,844,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Discriminant analysis is a widely used statistical tool to perform classification tasks. Historical discriminant analysis \cite{2} assumes that observations are drawn from Gaussian distributions and the decision rule consists in choosing the cluster that maximizes the likelihoo...
2,121,713,844,614
arxiv
\subsubsection{0pt}{4pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{0pt plus 0pt minus 0pt} \newcommand{\revision}[1]{{\textcolor{black}{#1}}} \newcommand{\revisionsimon}[1]{{\textcolor{black}{#1}}} \renewcommand{\tt}[1]{\texttt{#1}} \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\smallskip\noindent\textbf{#1.\mbox{\ \ }}} \newtheorem{prblm}{Problem} \newcomma...
2,121,713,844,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The huge amount of incoming radiation and ionized particles from space suggests the wide-spread existence of kinetic anisotropies in cosmic plasmas. Moreover, space plasmas are sufficiently dilute and their collisionality is sufficiently low (see, e.g., table 8.1 in \cite{s02}) and, therefore, ...
2,121,713,844,616
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Semantic image segmentation is the task of partitioning and labeling the image into pixel groups which belong to the same object class. It has been widely used for numerous applications such as robotics~\cite{valada}, medical applications~\cite{singh2017}, augmented reality~\cit...
2,121,713,844,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we are concerned with threshold voter models on tori. For integers $d$ and $r$, we denote by $T^d(r)$ the $d$-dimensional torus $\{1,2,\ldots,r\}^d$. In details, for any $x=(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_i,\ldots,x_d)\in \{1,2,\ldots,r\}^d$ and $1\leq i\leq d$, we define $x^i\in \{1,2,\ldots,r...
2,121,713,844,618
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Protein folding \cite{Gierasch:King:90,Creighton:92,Merz:LeGrand:94,Brunak:95} is one of the most interesting and challenging problems in polymer physics and mathematical biology. It is concerned with the problem of how a heteropolymer of a given sequence of amino acids ...
2,121,713,844,619
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Automation of driving tasks aims for safety and comfort improvements. For that purpose, every Autonomous Driving (AD) system relies on an anticipation of the traffic scene movements. Freeway datasets NGSIM I-80 and US-101, have been extensively used for various applications, among which trajecto...
2,121,713,844,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Free space interaction between light and matter is incorporated as a key technology in many fields in modern science. The efficiency of interaction influences measurements and applications ranging from various kinds of fundamental research to industrial applications. New innovations and new types...
2,121,713,844,621
arxiv
\section{TODO} \label{sec:todo} Technical TODO: \begin{enumerate} \item Verify/Prove reduction from Approximate Nearest Neighbor to Approximate Near Neighbor still holds true (Should be simple). \item Trivially implies algorithm for terminal embeddings if $n$ blowup in space is allowed. \item Verify/Prove...
2,121,713,844,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Blockchain has been heralded as ``a foundational technology: It has the potential to create new foundations for our economic and social systems''\cite{hbr}. People claim that blockchain will streamline the electronic health records process \cite{wired_ehr}; will ``add great...
2,121,713,844,623
arxiv
\section{Real parabolics of hermitian type} \subsection{Notations}\label{section1.1} In this paper we will basically adhere to the notations of \cite{BB}. In the first two paragraphs $G$ will denote a real Lie group; later $G$ will be a $\fQ$-group of hermitian type. We assume $G$ is reductive, connected and with compa...
2,121,713,844,624
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Given a finite Borel measure $\mu$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and basic semi-algebraic sets $\mathbf{\Omega}_i\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, $i=1,\ldots,p$, we provide a systematic numerical scheme to approximate as closely as desired $\mu(\bigcup_i\mathbf{\Omega}_i)$, when all moments of $\mu$ are available (and f...
2,121,713,844,625
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Neutrino was proposed by W. Pauli in 1930 to explain the continuous $\beta$ spectrum that had been observed. However, its detection was not realized until 26 years later: in 1956 neutrino was first detected in the Savannah River Experiment led by F. Reines and C. Cowan. Today we know that there ...
2,121,713,844,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a series of our articles (\cite{KT1}, \cite{KT2}, and \cite{KT3}), by restricting the total curvature of a non-compact model surface of revolution, we investigated some topological properties of a complete and non-compact Riemannian manifold which is not less curved than the model surface. T...
2,121,713,844,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{utomated} decision making requires long-term predictions of the behaviours of surrounding agents. For example, an autonomous vehicle requires knowledge of the future positions of any surrounding pedestrians if it is to plan successful paths. Similarly, a robotic arm may need to k...
2,121,713,844,628
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The 2019 Canadian federal election left the province of Alberta an homogeneous sea of blue as the Conservative Party swept the entire province except for the small riding of Edmonton-Strathcona captured by Heather McPherson of the New Democratic Party. Is the province merely an highly homogeneo...
2,121,713,844,629
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} The authors would like to acknowledge support from the KAUST Global Research Partnership and from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) under Grant No.\ DE-SC0003908. \section{Expected information gain from two experiments} ...
2,121,713,844,630
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ultimate goal of explainable AI is understanding. It builds trust, improves safety, and improves predictive performance by facilitating precise model improvements \citep{arrieta2020}. For instance, feature saliency analyses can improve feature selection and consequently the predictive perform...
2,121,713,844,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} \subsection{Fekete Configurations}\label{sec:IntroFek} Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold with a Kähler form $\omega$. Let $L$ be an ample line bundle over $X$ and $\phi$ be the weight of a continuous Hermitian metric $|\cdot|$ on $L$. For each positive integer $k$, let ...
2,121,713,844,632
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \subsection{Backgrounds and Motivation} \IEEEPARstart{S}{mart} vehicles that intelligently assist drivers or have advanced autonomous driving technologies interact with their surroundings in real-time as well as determine optimal driving decisions for safe and fast drivin...
2,121,713,844,633
arxiv
\section{Alignment procedure} Chemical interactions are predominately ``near-sighted".\cite{Prodan2005} The valence electron density taken through a plane of MIL-125, which is composed of TiO$_2$ octahedra and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (\textbf{bdc}), is shown in \ref{fig2}. The electrons are confined to the hybrid fr...
2,121,713,844,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The development of search solvers for state-space search problems is a traditional area of research in artificial intelligence (AI), where notable progress has been made (e.g., \cite{CulbersonSchaeffer1996,Junghanns2001,Hoffmann2001,Holte2016}). By contrast, systems for generating problems have ...
2,121,713,844,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Until recently, the concept of negative masses was relegated to the field of “exotic”, and even far-fetched, ideas. \par Proposed by Hermann Bondi \cite{Bondi} and revisited by William B. Bonnor \cite{Bonnor} in the context of general relativity, negative masses have been considered by a fe...
2,121,713,844,636
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many classical games like the Prisoner's Dilemma focus on two players attempting to get the better of each other. Both players would like to defect while their opponent cooperates, thus reaping rewards and avoiding punishments. A great body of work is focused on how to foster cooperation in suc...
2,121,713,844,637
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*} \begin{minipage}{\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{longlc.pdf} \caption{The EPIC-pn light curves of the six new, deep \textit{XMM-Newton} observations of NGC 1313 X-$2$ in time bins of 1000 seconds. In the analysis each light curve is spl...
2,121,713,844,638
arxiv
\section{X-ray states of black hole binaries} The spectral-energy distribution (SED) of the gravitational power released as radiation when gas accretes on to a black hole is far from unique. Different accretion modes are possible, and the same initial conditions at the outer boundaries may admit more than one solutio...
2,121,713,844,639
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, extensive experimental and theoretical efforts have been devoted to determining the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy $E_{sym}(\rho)$, which characterizes the isospin dependent part of the equation of state (EOS) of asymmetric nuclear matter \cite{li0,li1,li2}. Starti...
2,121,713,844,640
arxiv
\section{Expected return time to target vs time to target from other states} In the main text, we state that when the expected return time to target $\tau_{\boldsymbol \phi}^\mathrm{r}({\bar{s}})$ exhibits a minimum, the expected times to reach the target $\tau_{{\boldsymbol \phi}}(s,\bar{s})$ starting from any s...