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2,121,713,845,541 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Volumetric mesh generation is a required step for engineering analysis. Robust
algorithms are able to automatically produce a tetrahedral mesh constrained to
have a given triangulation as its boundary, e.g. \cite{si2015tetgen}. However,
subdivisions into hexahedra (cube-like cells) are often pr... |
2,121,713,845,542 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}
{0.5ex \@plus 0ex \@minus -2ex}
{0.5ex \@plus 0ex}
{\normalfont\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}
{0.5ex \@plus 0ex \@minus -2ex}
... |
2,121,713,845,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Gamma$ be a triangulation of a simplex $\Delta$ of dimension $d-1$.
The $h$-polynomial $h(\Gamma; x) = h_0 + h_1 x + \cdots + h_d x^d$ is a common and
convenient way of encoding the number of faces of $\Gamma$ in each dimension.
It is characterized by the equation
\[
\sum_{i=0}^{d} h_i (... |
2,121,713,845,544 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
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\n... |
2,121,713,845,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Lattice studies of hadronic matrix elements require matching
between operators in full continuum QCD and those in the
lattice theory being simulated. In the present article we will focus
on an effective lattice theory which combines
nonrelativistic (NRQCD) heavy quarks and clover l... |
2,121,713,845,546 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One-way quantum computing~\cite{Raussendorf2001} is a form of measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC)~\cite{Gottesman1999,Jozsa2005} and an appealing alternative to the circuit model~\cite{Nielsen2000}, which is being more widely pursued~\cite{Ladd2010}. In one-way quantum computing, the pri... |
2,121,713,845,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{e}curity at public place has always been one of the most important social topics.
With rapidly increasing deployment of surveillance cameras in different scenes, tones of video data need to be analyzed in every second.
Conventional surveillance systems almos... |
2,121,713,845,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Sun's polar magnetic field was discovered by Babcock \& Babcock (1955). Within a few
years of this discovery, Babcock (1959) found that the polar field reversed during the sunspot
maximum. The low-resolution magnetograms of that era indicated the polar magnetic field to be
of the or... |
2,121,713,845,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the past decade, progress has been made enabling simulations
of twisted mass fermions at physical quark masses at several lattice spacings less than 0.1~fm and
volumes as large as 9~fm \cite{ExtendedTwistedMass:2021qui,Alexandrou:2018egz}. These ensembles drive the rich physics program ... |
2,121,713,845,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{table*}
\centering
\caption{ Image parameters. The last column lists stations affected
by significant weather or technical conditions. }
\label{tab:table}
\begin{tabular}{cccccc}
\hline
\hline
Observation & Experiment & Map peak & Beam & rms & Not... |
2,121,713,845,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Active systems, characterized by the ability to convert energy from the environment into persistent motion, are ubiquitous in nature. Examples of active matter include flocking of birds \cite{R10,VCB95,VZ12}, active gels \cite{R10,NVG19} and self-propelled bacteria \cite{T... |
2,121,713,845,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Vector meson leptoproduction at large energies \cite{gk05} is one
of the important processes which is sensitive to the GPDs. At
small $x$-Bjorken ($x$) the process factorizes \cite{fact} into a
hard meson leptoproduction off gluons and GPD (Fig.1).
\begin{figure}
\centering \mbox{\epsfysize=30m... |
2,121,713,845,553 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cake cutting refers to the problem of fairly allocating a divisible resource, often modeled as a cake, among agents with varying preferences. The problem dates back to shortly after the end of World War II \citep{Steinhaus48} and, not surprisingly given its wide range of applications, still enjo... |
2,121,713,845,554 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The error exponent of the multiple access (MAC) channel is a long-standing open problem. While superposition and successive decoding methods lead to capacity, they may not be optimal in the sense of error probability: the decoding process may be improved by considering that th... |
2,121,713,845,555 | arxiv | \section{Cavity assembly}
We mount a pair of membranes onto the ends of a HCPCF segment using vacuum compatible UV-curable epoxy (Norland Optical Adhesive 88). The mounting technique is based on the method developed by Shambat \textit{et. al} \cite{Shambat2011}. It is summarized in Fig. 2b and consists of the followi... |
2,121,713,845,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: a challenging question from biology}
\label{intro}
The existence of circadian rhythms in humans has been known for centuries \cite{lemmer}, but only recently, in the last thirty years, has their molecular nature been located and understood in cell physiological mechanisms \cite{reppert-weaver... |
2,121,713,845,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The notion of a spectral triple, introduced by Connes ({\it cf.\/}\
\cite{Connes}, \cite{Connes2}, \cite{CoMo}) provides a powerful
generalization of
Riemannian geometry to noncommutative spaces. It originates from the
observation that, on a smooth compact spin manifold, the infinitesimal
line... |
2,121,713,845,558 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Flares have been observed on a diverse range of stars for many years. However, interest in stellar flares has recently
increased because of observations on solar-like stars of flares far larger than even the largest Earth-directed flare
ever observed on our own Sun \citep{2012Natur.485..478M}. Th... |
2,121,713,845,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gr\"obner---Shirshov bases (GSB) is a useful tool for solving theoretical problems in algebra (see, e.g., \cite{BokChen13}.
It is not so common in applications as Gr\"obner bases in commutative algebra
since the construction of a confluent rewriting system for a given ideal may not
be ... |
2,121,713,845,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most intriguing astrophysical objects are the ultraluminous X-ray sources
(ULXs) discovered around nearby galaxies
by the X-ray satellites {\itshape Einstein}, {\itshape ROSAT}, {\itshape Chandra} and {\itshape XMM--Newton}.
Assuming that they are at the same distance as the
galaxie... |
2,121,713,845,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The systematic investigation of the phase diagram of the perovskite
manganites was initiated with studies of La$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ in
1950s,\cite{{wollan},{goodenough}} while later in 1980s, a very similar
rich phase diagram was rediscovered for the Pr$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$
system.\cite... |
2,121,713,845,562 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The top quark is the heaviest particle in the standard model
(SM) and the only fermion with a mass on the order of the
electroweak scale~\cite{Agashe:2014kda}.
Deviation of its production or decay properties from the SM
predictions could signal physics beyond the SM.
Several proposed extensions... |
2,121,713,845,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since its development in the late 50s\cite{Coester1958, Coester1958a}, coupled cluster (CC) has emerged as one of the most accurate quantum chemical methods with applications in all aspects of modern quantum chemistry.
For more than 25 years it is well understood that spin contamination appears... |
2,121,713,845,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
In this paper, we consider the problem of optimizing a function with finite-sum structure over the Stiefel manifold---i.e.,
\mathrm{e}\label{eq:stiefel opt problem}
\begin{split}
&\minimize_{\mtx{X}\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times r}} \ f(\mtx{X}) := \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} f_... |
2,121,713,845,565 | arxiv | \section*{Research highlights}
\begin{keyword}
Fairness \sep Adversarial training \sep Instance reweighting \sep Deep learning \sep Classification
\end{keyword}
\end{frontmatter}
\section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Introduction}
Machine learning algorithms have lead to many recent breakthroughs in different complex ... |
2,121,713,845,566 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In early eighties, Gromov deduced several properties of Riemannian manifolds of non-positive sectional curvature without using Riemannian structure, but only the property of the induced distance function, which he called \emph{CAT(0) inequality} \cite{BGS}. Gromov proved that for a cube complex ... |
2,121,713,845,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cloaking via transformation optics was introduced by Pendry, Schurig, and Smith \cite{Pen} for the Maxwell system and by Leonhardt \cite{Leo} in the geometric optics setting. They used a singular change of variables which blows up a point into a
cloaked region. The same transformation was u... |
2,121,713,845,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bosonization is a standard approach to the problem of interacting
electrons in one dimension (1D) \cite{haldane,boson}. Bosonization maps the
low-energy spectrum of the Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) model on the spectrum of
free bosons.
In this paper we discuss a new method of treating such system.
W... |
2,121,713,845,569 | arxiv | \subsection{ #1} ${}^{}$}
\newenvironment{eqgauche}%
{%
\stepcounter{equation}
\begin{equation*}}{%
\leqno(\arabic{equation})
\end{equation*}
}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{definition}[... |
2,121,713,845,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Excess and residual intersections in enumerative geometry}\label{subsectionInto:excess_residual_intersections}
Excess intersections occur when the zero locus of $s$ polynomial functions has smaller codimension than $s$. Removing a large codimension subscheme of the zero locus results... |
2,121,713,845,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of very extended emission comprises a large portion of the work of extragalactic X-ray astronomy. All galaxy clusters (\citealt{Gursky1977}, \citealt{Forman1982}, \citealt{Rosati2002}) and most galaxy groups (\citealt{Mulchaey1993}, \citealt{Ebeling1994}, \citealt{Ponman1996}, \citealt... |
2,121,713,845,572 | arxiv | \section{Main result and comments}
This work is about the development of calculus tools in the setting of ${\sf RCD}(K,N)$ spaces $({\rm X},{\sf d},{\mbox{\boldmath$m$}})$ with $K\in\mathbb{R}$ and $N\in[1,\infty)$ (see \cite{AmbrosioGigliSavare11-2} for the original definition with $N=\infty$ and \cite{Gigli12} for th... |
2,121,713,845,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A sparse system is defined when impulse response contains only a
small fraction of large coefficients compared to its ambient
dimension. Sparse systems widely exist in many applications, such as
Digital TV transmission channel \cite{Schreiber} and the echo path
\cite{Duttweiler}. Generally, they... |
2,121,713,845,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The structure of plactic monoids has its origins in the works of Schensted~\cite{Schensted61} and Knuth~\cite{Knuth70} in the combinatorial study of Young tableaux~\cite{Young28}, and it has became a ubiquitous tool in algebraic combinatorics, representation theory and probabilistic com... |
2,121,713,845,575 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A fluid-structure interaction technique for the simulation of inflatable structures is introduced. The presented finite-element/boundary-element (FEBE) technique couples an isogeometric finite element discretization of a flexible shell structure with an isogeometric boundary element discretizatio... |
2,121,713,845,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, critical gravities have been an actively interesting
subject because they were considered as toy models for quantum
gravity~\cite{Li:2008dq,Lu:2011zk,Deser:2011xc,Porrati:2011ku}. At
the critical point of avoiding the ghosts, a degeneracy takes place
and massive gravitons coincide... |
2,121,713,845,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the proliferation of precise experimental results at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and other facilities, and the
lack of observed particles beyond the Standard Model (SM), data analysis and theoretical developments in the framework
of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) are ... |
2,121,713,845,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Low-cost indoor localization solutions using radio signals such as WiFi and Bluetooth have long been studied. Radio signals are easily distorted by the presence of dynamic objects, the room temperature, dust, and even humidity. Furthermore, shadow fading and multipath propagation severely hinder ... |
2,121,713,845,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Interacting electrons confined to two dimensions and
subjected to a strong magnetic field exhibit spectacular
phenomena, e.g., the fractional
quantum Hall effect (FQHE) \cite {book}.
An elegant and succinct qualitative explanation
of these phenomena is given in terms of new particles
called... |
2,121,713,845,580 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In literature, many solutions generating technique exist.
Ehlers \cite{1} first showed how it is possible to construct new stationary
exterior solutions and interior ones starting from static vacuum solutions and
applying certain conformal transformations to auxiliary metrics defined
on three-di... |
2,121,713,845,581 | arxiv | \section{Properties of local extrema of $\mathbf{\Xi(t)}$ as a necessary condition for the Riemann hypothesis}
We begin with recapitulating some definitions and relations presented in our earlier paper \cite{report-no-5}. Riemann's $\xi(s)$ function\footnote{The $\xi$ function should be attributed to Riemann's orig... |
2,121,713,845,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
It is well known that some nonlinear dynamical systems can exhibit a period-doubling bifurcation \citep[see, e.g.][]{Strogatz}. For parameter values below the bifurcation point, the system is oscillating periodically at frequency $f$ and may also have spectral peaks at the... |
2,121,713,845,583 | arxiv | |
2,121,713,845,584 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In the last years, a variety of \gls{pbpm} techniques that base on \gls{ml} were proposed by researchers~\cite{di.2018} to improve the performance of operational business processes~\cite{breuker2016comprehensible}.
\gls{pbpm} is a class of techniques aiming at predicting future process chara... |
2,121,713,845,585 | arxiv | \section{Analysis}
\subsection{Preliminaries}
\label{sec:app_preliminaries}
We present two well-known inequalities that connect the concept of expected supremum to the metric entropy of $T$ denoted by $\log {\mathcal N} (T, d, \epsilon)$.
First, we state Dudley's inequality, which as stated by~\cite{vershynin2018hig... |
2,121,713,845,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) exploit the static randomness resulting from uncontrollable process variations to extract instance-specific secrets. Unlike assigned storage digital secrets in a memory, the instance-specific secrets arise during the creation of PUF embedding devices. Attrib... |
2,121,713,845,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[tb]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fig/motivation}
\caption{(a) The historical data are collected under different strategies, such as the promotion in Black Friday and the Valentine's Day Gift Shop. (b) The common causal graph of the existing methods, in which implicitly l... |
2,121,713,845,588 | arxiv | \section{Looking for asymmetrical progenitors of PN}
Intermediate and low mass stars (1--8 M$_\odot$) are characterized, in
the phase known as Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB), by the formation of
an optically opacque circumstellar envelope of gas and dust, which
will later evolve into a Planetary Nebula. The detailed p... |
2,121,713,845,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and discussion of the results}
The relevance of the notion of wave packet in harmonic analysis and mathematical physics can be hardly overestimated. Roughly speaking, we say that a function $g$ on $\bR^d$ is a wave packet if it does possess good localization in the time-frequency space. To be more... |
2,121,713,845,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galaxy clusters are the largest collapsed structures in the Universe and formed due to the amplification of primordial density inhomogeneities and subsequent merging processes.
Measuring their distribution and structures over a large redshift interval provides crucial information about the hist... |
2,121,713,845,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The particle physics has reached at a notable milestone in its history with the discovery of a scalar boson of 125 GeV in July 2012 at the LHC \cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012xdj}. The new discovered state by CMS and ATLAS experiments using collected proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt s = $... |
2,121,713,845,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, 3D object detection has become a crucial component in various fields such as mobile robots and autonomous vehicles. 3D object detection helps to understand the geometry of physical objects in 3D space that are important to predict future motion of objects. While there has been remarka... |
2,121,713,845,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neural networks have seen great success empirically, which has inspired a large amount of theoretical work. However, neural networks lack rigorous mathematical foundations to explain their success at the moment. Optimization, among other aspects of deep learning theory, has received considerable ... |
2,121,713,845,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The cosmic dark components (Dark Matter: DM, and Dark Energy: DE) will
be probably considered the main physical discoveries in the last
decades. Understanding their nature and properties is one of the main
tasks of contemporary astrophysical research. A number of options have
been considered and ... |
2,121,713,845,595 | arxiv | \section{Main}
\subsection{Introduction}
One of the most persevering small-scale challenges \cite{Bullock2017} to the collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm concerns the inner density profiles of DM halos that host dwarf galaxies. Hints for constant density cores observed in some dwarf galaxies \cite{Moore1994,K... |
2,121,713,845,596 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\begin{replemma}{\ref{lem:fixcscore}}
\lemmafixcscore
\end{replemma}
\begin{proof}
\textbf{The If direction.} Assume that $c$ is a possible winner (co-winner) in $\mathcal{I}^c=(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{O}^c,r)$ where $r$ is a positional voting rule. Then there exists a complete profile $\mathcal{V}$ ... |
2,121,713,845,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The comprehension of the regular spiral structure of galaxies
provided a powerful incentive for the investigation of dynamical
processes and phenomena in astrophysical discs. Afterwards the study
in this direction intensified and somewhat changed (emphases
shifted) -- in the 70s of the last cent... |
2,121,713,845,598 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
As the LHC approaches the first 10 fb$^{-1}$ of 7 and 8 TeV data, we are
entering a new era in Higgs physics. We will soon know whether or not
a Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson exists. It becomes then an
urgent and fascinating question to verify that any observed particl... |
2,121,713,845,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
\subsection{Motivation.} This paper's aim is to give a model in continuous time for an infinite system of interacting neurons. Each neuron is represented by its spike train, i.e.\ the series of events of spiking over time. Since neural activity is continuously recorded in time, a... |
2,121,713,845,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
Demography of local galaxies suggests that most galaxies
harbour quiescent super-massive black holes (SMBHs) in their nuclei
at the present time and that the mass of the hosted SMBH is correlated with
properties of the host bulge. In fact, observational evidence points to t... |
2,121,713,845,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article we introduce a heuristic prediction for the distribution of the isomorphism class of $G_S(p)$, the Galois group of the maximal pro-$p$ extension of $\field{Q}$ unramified outside of $S$, where $S$ is a "random" set of primes. That these groups should exhibit any statistical regu... |
2,121,713,845,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec introduction}
Abstraction-based control synthesis aims to abstract a system into a simpler model, synthesize a controller on the abstraction and finally refine this controller to ensure the satisfaction of the same control objective on the initial system.
Starting from a continuous ini... |
2,121,713,845,603 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper we propose an explanation for the tightness of LP relaxations which has been observed in many structured prediction applications.
Our analysis is based on a careful examination of the integrality gap and its relation to the training objective. It shows how trai... |
2,121,713,845,604 | arxiv |
\section{Acknowledgment}
This material is based upon work partially supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India, under Award Number ECR/2015/000583 and Visvesvaraya PhD Scheme, Ministry of the Electronics \& Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India.
Any opinio... |
2,121,713,845,605 | arxiv | \section*{INTRODUCTION: DEFINITION OF QQM}
The low energy effective
action of QCD in the quark sector
has a qualitatively different structure
depending on whether it is built
at the CSB scale by means of perturbation theory or below the CSB scale
when the major chiral symmetry breaking effect - the formation of
light p... |
2,121,713,845,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In this work, we deal with the rigorous derivation of kinetic models of collective motion when sharp sensitivity regions are considered. Most of the minimal particle-like models for swarming include the effects of attraction, repulsion, and alignment by means of local averages of th... |
2,121,713,845,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In multidisciplinary research projects, engineers and scientists from multiple disciplines collaborate to analyze complex technical or social systems with respect to a multitude of properties.
Such systems include, e.g., airplanes, energy systems, or traffic systems.
Eac... |
2,121,713,845,608 | arxiv | \section{
\section{Introduction
An essential part of the star formation studies is to try to classify
the young stellar objects (YSOs) into different evolutionary stages, and construct
a coherent YSO evolutionary sequence. Also, by determining the relative percentages of YSOs in different stages, the statistical tim... |
2,121,713,845,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Metallic systems that house magnetic ions in their unit cells are known\cite{stewart} as Kondo lattice systems. In contrast to metals diluted with a few magnetic impurities, the physics behind the low temperature behavior of the Kondo lattices remains unresolved. Of particular interest are the Ko... |
2,121,713,845,610 | arxiv | \subsection{Evaluation}
The real value of utility for each trend is not available. As mentioned in previous sections, utility of trends is used in selecting subset of trends to appear in the text and determining ranking among them. Therefore we evaluate our system using two different metrics which are Precision/Recall ... |
2,121,713,845,611 | arxiv |
\section{Pacing Dynamics}
\label{se:dynamics}
While there are no dynamics in the definition of our game, we consider dynamics to evaluate the quality of the solutions
provided by the equilibrium concept.
It is instructive to consider the definition of pacing equilibrium in the
context of dynamics. Specifically, suppo... |
2,121,713,845,612 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The subject of this article are compact matrix quantum groups as defined by Woronowicz in~\cite{Wor87}. A~lot of attention has recently been devoted to quantum groups possessing a~combinatorial description by \emph{categories of partitions}. Those were originally defined in \cite{BS09}. Since t... |
2,121,713,845,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the popularization of the video applications on the Internet and the demand for high-quality video services, a more efficient video compression standard with high coding performance is desired. After High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)/H.265 standard, Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) between ... |
2,121,713,845,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
Let us consider a Vandermonde matrix
$$
V_q:=
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \dots \\
1 & q & q^2 & q^3 & \dots \\
1 & q^2 & q^4 & q^6 & \dots \\
1 & q^3 & q^6 & q^9 & \dots \\
\vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots
\end{bmatrix}
$$
of siz... |
2,121,713,845,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Newton's equations describe the deterministic time evolution of a
given initial state of classical particles. In principle, the particle
velocities and positions are known for all times. In practice, in
isolated systems and for long times, macroscopic observables which
involve the averages over... |
2,121,713,845,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rapid periodic oscillations are observed in the optical and soft X-ray flux of
high accretion rate cataclysmic variables (CVs; nova-like variables and dwarf
novae in outburst) (Patterson 1981; Warner 1995a; 1995b). These so-called
``dwarf nova oscillations'' (DNOs) have high coherence ($Q\approx... |
2,121,713,845,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{ppo:sec:intro}
A research field of increasing popularity deals with simulator-based models that lack an expression for the likelihood of data and consequently require likelihood-free inference approaches to be used for model fitting; for a recent comprehensive overview see \citet{cranme... |
2,121,713,845,618 | arxiv | \section{\label{intro}Introduction}
Chern--Simons theory has been the subject of much interest in past decades. Its relevance for the formulation of higher-dimensional Supergravity models has been highlighted in, e.g.,~\cite{Cha90,Banh96,Tro97,Hor97,Tro98,Nas03,Iza06c}. It has even been suggested that they could provi... |
2,121,713,845,619 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
The future collider experiments with heavy ions will provide an
opportunity to investigate the physics of strongly interacting matter
at extreme energy densities where the formation of a new state of matter
, the quark gluon plasma (QGP), is expected. With these colliders,
it may be possible to ... |
2,121,713,845,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:introduction}
Industrial environments experience disruptive progress with the advent of Industry 4.0 (i4.0). Several technologies enable real-time interaction between physical and digital machines, such as additive manufacturing, Internet of Things, distributed ledgers, advanced robotic... |
2,121,713,845,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the Cauchy problem for the generalized Boussinesq equation
\begin{equation} \label{gB}
\begin{aligned}
& \partial _t^2 u - \Delta u + \Delta ^2 u + \Delta (N(u))=0,\\
& u(0,x) = u_0(x), \quad \partial _t u(0,x)=u_1(x)
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $u = u(t,x) : \mathbb{R} \times... |
2,121,713,845,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
Shortly after the celebrity news website TMZ
broke the premature news that the King of Pop \emph{Michael Jackson}~(MJ) had died,%
\footnote{MJ dead: \url{http://www.tmz.com/2009/06/25/michael-jackson-dies-death-dead-cardiac-arrest/},
accessed 02/18/2013}
the Internet slo... |
2,121,713,845,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The great victories in mechanics achieved by physicists in the past century were mainly enabled by variational approaches. While classical mechanics fails at small scales (e.g., atoms) and large scales (e.g., planets), analytical mechanics (e.g., the principle of least action) has provided a fund... |
2,121,713,845,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
For over a decade, the $\Lambda$CDM scenario has been consolidated as the concordance model of cosmology. Since the pioneering works of~\cite{riess1, perl}, who showed that the cosmological expansion is incompatible with a null Cosmological Constant $\Lambda$ value at more than... |
2,121,713,845,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nanoporous complex oxide 12CaO$\cdot$7Al$_2$O$_3$ (C12A7), commonly known as the mineral mayenite, is produced on a large-scale for use in industry as a main constituent of commercial alumina cements. Although at present C12A7 is mainly used as a structural material, it has huge potential fo... |
2,121,713,845,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There have been significant advancements in developing deep learning algorithms for automatic chest x-ray interpretation (\cite{nam_development_2019, singh_deep_2018,rajpurkar2020chexpedition}) to improve worldwide access to radiology expertise (\cite{moriarity_work_2014, european_society_of_rad... |
2,121,713,845,627 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
One of the reasons why the physics of magnetic fields are so
attractive but poorly understood probably is that magnetic fields are
invisible. Both, the detection of magnetic fields and the
interpretation of field measurements connect a variety of research
fields because magnetic effects are ma... |
2,121,713,845,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rapid development of social-network applications such as Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, and Friendster has brought a great opportunity for researchers and industries to better explore and understand social behaviors hidden in the world of human beings. To do so, some organizations or companies (... |
2,121,713,845,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the electrical power grid, any imbalance in the generation and load results in a change in the system frequency (excess supply increases frequency while excess demand reduces it). Grid operators employ various frequency control resources (e.g. speed governors, spinning reserves) that can act a... |
2,121,713,845,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The relativistic equations for gravitational interactions were
introduced in 1915 by Einstein and Hilbert independently
\cite{hilbert15_grund_physik,einstein15_grund_allgem_relat_und_anwen},
cementing the idea of geometrisation of gravity. The foundation of
General Relativity ... |
2,121,713,845,631 | arxiv | \section{Finite-size effects on the Euclidean correlator}
In this appendix we present the details of the calculation that underlies
Tables (\ref{tab:states}, \ref{tab:Dp0}) and Figure (\ref{fig:Gtrat}).
It is based on the two-pion contribution to the spectral function.
The $\pi\pi$ contribution to the spectral funct... |
2,121,713,845,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Recent observations suggest that most globular clusters (GCs) host multiple stellar populations showing star-to-star abundance variations in the light elements, such as C, N, O, Na and Al \citep[e.g.,][and references therein]{Car09,Gra12,Pio15}.
Among several scenarios for the origin... |
2,121,713,845,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{} lattice in $\mathbb {R}^{N}$ is an additive subgroup of $\mathbb {R}^{N}$ which is isomorphic to $\mathbb {Z}^{N}$ and spans the real vector space $\mathbb {R}^{N}$ \cite{2}. Lattices have been extensively addressed for the problem of coding in additive white Gaussian noise (A... |
2,121,713,845,634 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION}
In a few cerium-based compounds, hybridization of $4f$ electrons and conduction
bands (\textit{c-f} hybridization) gives rise to a hybridization gap in the vicinity of
the Fermi level.\cite{PS01} Because of the strong electron correlation, the energy
gap is renormalized t... |
2,121,713,845,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A locally quantum critical fixed point exhibits a scaling of space and time of the form
$t\to \lambda^z t$, ${\bf x}\to \lambda {\bf x}$ in the limit $z\to\infty$.
Such scaling arises very naturally within the context of holography.
The simplest example is the standard electrically charge AdS-R... |
2,121,713,845,636 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\par
The GLM model is based on a two channel eikonal like solution of the
$s$-channel unitarity equation\cite{2CH}. Our present investigation is based on
an improved model, and we calculate and discuss it's predictions and
implications
at the LHC and Cosmic Rays energies.
For the correct deg... |
2,121,713,845,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
SS 433 is a micro-quasar that powers bi-polar precessing jets from the central compact object \citep[see][for a review]{2004ASPRv..12....1F}. The central object is expected to accrete the material at a super-Eddington rate \citep{1981VA.....25...95V}. The jets are interacting with interstellar ma... |
2,121,713,845,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The centre of the Milky Way is the only galaxy nucleus in which we can
actually resolve the nuclear star cluster (NSC) observationally and
examine its properties and dynamics down to milli-parsec scales. The
Galactic Centre (GC) is therefore of fundamental interest for
astrophysics and a crucial... |
2,121,713,845,639 | arxiv | \chapter{#2}
\label{c:#1}
\pagestyle{myheadings}
\markboth{{\bf Chapter \ref{c:#1}. #2}}{{\bf Chapter \ref{c:#1}. #2}}
}
\newcommand{\newsection}[2]{
\section{#2}
\label{s:#1}
\pagestyle{myheadings}
\markright{{\bf \ref{s:#1} #2}}
}
\newcommand{\newsubsection}[2]{
\subsection{#2}
\label{s:#1}
\pag... |
2,121,713,845,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $1/N$ expansion \cite{Campo} is a very popular tool to analyze
$2D$ $O(N)$ models, especially in the critical dimension 2.
But already the first rigorous paper by A.Kupiainen
\cite {Kupi}, which established the fact that the expansion is a valid
asymptotic expansion in the thermodynamic limit... |
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