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2,121,713,845,341 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\PARstart{M}{ultiferroic} materials, which are simultaneously (anti)ferromagnetic and (anti)ferroelectric, are now the subject of renewed interest \cite{kimura,Kuwahara,Noda}.
However, in spite of intensive recent research, such substances are quite rare.
A newly discovered compound, TbMnO$_{3}$... |
2,121,713,845,342 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum oscillations \cite{shoenberg1984} furnish an essential experimental tool for measuring the Fermi surface of metals. They also help to understand electronic structures of the recently discovered topological insulators \cite{checkelsky2009, taskin2009, eto2010, analytis2010, qu2010} and top... |
2,121,713,845,343 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\it Kepler} observations have completely changed our understanding of stellar
pulsations in the $\delta$\,Sct instability strip. Earlier ground-based
data had shown that $\gamma$~Dor stars, which pulsate in frequencies
typically below 5\,d$^{-1}$, lie in a fairly small region on, or just ab... |
2,121,713,845,344 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Since the last two decades, there has been a huge interest in materials by strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI), which is very important for understand relativistic quantum phenomena and has applications to spintronic devices. SOI contributes to known effects such as Rashba, spin-Hall effect, to... |
2,121,713,845,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In hybrid structures composed of a superconductor (S) and a normal
metal (N) Cooper pairs can penetrate into the latter thereby
significantly changing the properties of the system \cite{dG}. As
a result of this proximity effect the N-metal also acquires
superconducting properties being able to c... |
2,121,713,845,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since 1997, we have been monitoring the error boxes of gamma-ray bursts
(hereafter GRBs) detected by the BSAX or RXTE satellites.
We have monitored 15 GRB fields on the aggregate, detecting 6
optical/IR afterglows.
See Castro-Tirado (1999) and Gorosabel (1999) for a review of results.
Here w... |
2,121,713,845,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we are interested in finding parsimonious tree ensembles that minimize a loss function constrained to contain a small number of trees (tree sparsity) of any depth in a prescribed range. As the space of decision trees is combinatorially complex, we are limited to suboptimal methods f... |
2,121,713,845,348 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Grand Unification Theories}
The Standard Model of particle physics, based on the
$\mathrm{SU}(3)_{c}\times\mathrm{SU}(2)_L\times\mathrm{U}(1)_Y$ gauge
symmetry, seems to be an incomplete description of Nature's structure
of matter and forces. The standard model fails to incl... |
2,121,713,845,349 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In dynamical systems, an interesting role is played by
systems that are \emph{integrable} in the sense that they
preserve some additional structure.
In this note we are concerned with
endomorphisms of the complex projective plane $\P^2$ that
preserve a pencil of
curves.\footnote{See~\cite{Sib... |
2,121,713,845,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In this paper we study the dynamics of the \emph{Fibonacci trace map}
\begin{equation}\label{e.tracemap}
T:\mathbb{R}^3\to \mathbb{R}^3, \ \ T(x, y, z)=(2xy-z, x, y).
\end{equation}
This map appears naturally in representation theory and geometry \cite{Cantat2009,Goldman2009,Rob... |
2,121,713,845,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
This work is inspired by the paper of Lee and Yang~\cite{LY2}, who showed that planar orthogonal polynomials can be viewed as multiple orthogonal polynomials of type~II on a contour in the complex plane. Their work extends an earlier result of Balogh, Bertola, Lee, and McLaughli... |
2,121,713,845,352 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
A precise measurement of the CKM matrix~\cite{CKM} element $|V_{ub}|$\ will
improve our quantitative understanding of weak interactions and CP violation
in the Standard Model. The value of $|V_{ub}|$\ can be determined by the measurement
of the partial branching fractions of exclusive charml... |
2,121,713,845,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Fiber optical sensors, such as fiber Bragg gratings embedded into a surrounding matrix material, are often used to measure the strain at the sensor position inside the fiber.
Such measurements can be used, for instance, to infer the magnitude of residual stresses in the... |
2,121,713,845,354 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Financial analysts are key sell-side players in finance who are
employed to analyze, interpret, and disseminate financial information
\cite{brown2015inside}. For the firms they cover, financial analysts
regularly release \emph{recommendations} to buy, hold, or sell the
company's stock, and stoc... |
2,121,713,845,355 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Most of the public key cryptosystems popular today are built on abelian
groups. It is natural to try to generalize these cryptosystems to non-abelian groups,
not only because the current systems are getting old with time, but
also there is an interesting academic adventure in trying to do
so. Th... |
2,121,713,845,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:coreference:intro}
Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) solutions for coreference resolution such as \cite{toshniwal-etal-2020-learning, xu-choi-2020-revealing, wu-etal-2020-corefqa} formulate the problem in an end-to-end manner where the models jointly learn to detect mentions and link ... |
2,121,713,845,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
\noindent Johnson and Wong \cite{JW} proved that a module $M$ is invariant under any endomorphism of its injective envelope if and only if any homomorphism from a submodule of $M$ to $M$ can be extended to an endomorphism of $M$. A module satisfying any of the above mentioned equivalent conditi... |
2,121,713,845,358 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions}
\label{Sec::Conc}
In this paper we report on the development of a novel description of jet
quenching and its implementation into the Monte Carlo generator \textsc{Jewel}.
The paradigm underlying the construction of our model is the language given
by perturbative QCD, with the aim to enable a ... |
2,121,713,845,359 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most exciting recent advances in brain mapping is the introduction of CLARITY.
All cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer which scatters light, rendering most biological tissues opaque to the naked eye.
Thus to use light microscopy, it is often necessary to physically slice bra... |
2,121,713,845,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
SrRuO$_3$ has a nearly cubic perovskite structure \cite{Callaghan,Jones}. The
combination of good chemical stability, good metallic conductivity \cite{Noro}, and
easy epitaxial growth on various perovskite substrates \cite{Eom2,Eom,Wu}
makes it attractive for possible multilayer device applicat... |
2,121,713,845,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\textcolor{blue}{With 86 billion neurons \cite{Azevedo2009} and hundreds of trillions of synapses \cite{BraSchuz1998}, the brain is one of the most complex systems in the known universe. Part of this complexity is due to the intricate pattern of connections among brain cells. Argua... |
2,121,713,845,362 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optimizing the heat transfer from a bounded domain toward the ambient exterior is a critical issue in a wide range of engineering problems where a fluid is used to cool down (or warm up) a space of interest. Applications typically span from the ventilation of buildings~\cite{Linden99, GHL01, C... |
2,121,713,845,363 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Circular dichroism (CD) is the difference in the optical response of materials to left- and right-handed circularly polarized light
\cite{Rodger_book,Barron_book}.
CD is intimately related to chirality; a system is chiral if it is distinguishable from its mirror image.
The study of chiral mo... |
2,121,713,845,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The low-energy spectrum of nuclear excitations provides the most
sensitive testing ground for nuclear structure calculations in the
presence of pairing correlations. The evolution of the low energy
spectrum in nuclei around $^{132}$Sn is an increasingly important
point for the investigation of n... |
2,121,713,845,365 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s1}
Let $ \Omega\subset {{\rr}^n}$ be a domain (that is, an open and connected set) of ${{\rr}^n}$ with $n\ge2$.
The Rademacher's theorem says that if $u:U\to{\mathbb R}$ is a Lipschitz function,
that is,
\begin{equation}\label{lip}|u(x)-u(y)|\le \lambda|x-y|\quad\forall x,y\in \Omega... |
2,121,713,845,366 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Spin-wave propagations in magnetic insulators realize
spin transports with less dissipation,~\cite{YIG,KDG} fostering
much prospect for realizations of future spintronic devices.
For the purpose of device applications, spin-wave
transport in two-dimensional systems such as
thin films i... |
2,121,713,845,367 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
The minimax framework is one of the most popular approaches for comparing the performance of estimators and obtaining the optimal ones. Since its development, the minimax framework has been used for the study of optimality and the design of optimal estimators in a broad ... |
2,121,713,845,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The word ``supernilpotence'', with a specific meaning,
entered the general commutator theory lexicon
just over a decade ago
\cite{aichinger-mudrinski}.
The name suggests that some equation of the form
\begin{equation}\label{super_eq}
\textrm{supernilpotence = nilpotence + $\varepsilo... |
2,121,713,845,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Context}
Tensor Networks \cite{Okunishi2022,Cirac2021,Hackbusch2019o} allow to express certain high-dimensional
tensors $T_{i_1,\dots,i_N}$ -- that is, tensors with a large number $N$ of
indices -- efficiently as a network of simple few-index
tensors. Those elementary tensors ar... |
2,121,713,845,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\subsection{RoAp stars}
The rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars are cool magnetic chemically peculiar stars,
pulsating in high-overtone non-radial acoustic {\it p-}modes. There are 34 roAp stars known at
present time (Kurtz \& Martinez \cite{KM00} for a recent review). These objec... |
2,121,713,845,371 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
When faced with the collected observations of a natural system, one of the principal tasks for a scientist is to bring some level of understanding or order to the observations, typically by collating the raw facts according to some conceptual framework, a theory.
The framewor... |
2,121,713,845,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this note is to make some observations about the mixed matrix moments for non-Hermitian random matrices.
Let $\operatorname{Mat}_n(\mathbb{C})$ denote the set of complex $n\times n$ matrices (since we will use the letter $M_n$ for something else).
The model we will focus on most ... |
2,121,713,845,373 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the local study of the qualitative properties of perturbed
dynamical systems, the concepts of non degeneracy and
hyperbolicity of equilibria and periodic orbits play a crucial role.
Indeed, if one slightly perturbs a continuous dynamical system whose
equilibria and periodic orbits are non-dege... |
2,121,713,845,374 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental Material}
\subsection{Space varying equilibrium charge density}
We derive the surface depleted equilibrium charge density, $n_0 (\mathbf{r})$, of the heavily doped semiconductor, following the approach developed by Seiwatz and Green \cite{Seiwatz:1958iq} and recently applied in Refs. \cite{Zandi:2... |
2,121,713,845,375 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Summary}
The \textit{Swampland program}
initiated in \cite{Vafa:2005ui} advocates the idea
that a consistent coupling to gravity poses severe constraints
on an effective field theory.
The criteria which an effective field theory (EFT) must satisfy
in order to comply with these constraints a... |
2,121,713,845,376 | arxiv | \section{}
The field of cold and ultracold molecules is undergoing rapid growth with the development of new techniques and applications~\cite{Carr2009Review}. Cold polar molecules are continuing to improve tests of fundamental symmetries~\cite{AcmeEDM2014,HindsEDM2011,Hunter2012,Zhuang2011,Israev2010}. The strong di... |
2,121,713,845,377 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper deals with the embedding of massive objects in
Robertson--Walker (RW) universes.
There are three ways in which the physical embedding may be modelled and thus
treated mathematically. Firstly, one can treat the body as a test body
whose dynamics are described by a suitable set of equ... |
2,121,713,845,378 | arxiv | \section{\label{chap5_sec:level1}Introduction}
J.\;W.\;Gibbs envisioned uniform solutions decomposing (or phase separating) through two kinds of kinetic processes \cite{gibbs1906scientific,cahn1961spinodal}. In alloy systems, these processes are sometimes classified as continuous and discontinuous transformations. Whil... |
2,121,713,845,379 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many-body interactions have important effects on the electronic properties of
correlated materials and are subject of great attention.
The main role played by the electron-phonon interaction in the conventional
superconductivity has enhanced the interest in electron-boson coupling.
In the form... |
2,121,713,845,380 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Simple models of complex robot--world interactions are key to understanding, implementing and generalizing
behaviors as well as identifying and composing their reusable
constituents to generate new behaviors \cite[]{paper:Full-JEB-1999}. There is strong appeal to using famili... |
2,121,713,845,381 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In our context a sphere packing will always refer to a finite set spheres in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with disjoint interiors,
and a circle packing will always refer to a finite set of circles in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with disjoint interiors.
A vital structure associated with any sphere packing ... |
2,121,713,845,382 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Currently there are mainly two mathematical constructs which are often
presented in adversarial positions to one another for the role of providing
a road to a completely consistent quantum theory of gravity. One of
these, possessing a larger community of supporters among theoretical
physici... |
2,121,713,845,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Geostatististical data are often modeled by treating observations as partial realizations of a spatial random field. We customarily model the random field $\{Y(s) : s \in {\cal D} \}$ over a bounded region $ {\cal D} \in \mathbb{R}^d$ as a Gaussian process (GP), denoted $Y(s)\sim GP(\mu_{\beta}(s... |
2,121,713,845,384 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
Using an approximate solution to the $N$-body problem in general relativity, and the \emph{principle of local isotropy at any point}, we construct a cosmological model, with zero curvature, for a universe composed uniquely by collision-less gravitating point-particles... |
2,121,713,845,385 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1-Intro}
The Lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model is remarkably successful at describing the majority of observations relevant to cosmology. These include probes of the background evolution of our Universe, its early times, and the dynamics and evolution of matter perturbatio... |
2,121,713,845,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Confined rotating shallow layers of fluid in circular tanks exhibit coherent structures which resemble to a large extent the ones observed in several geophysical and astrophysical flows. These flows involve a solid body rotation of the vortex core and shear layer flow at the outer region. A fluid... |
2,121,713,845,387 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED)\cite{berman,haroche} deals primarily with atom-photon interactions in a fully quantum mechanical way, without much recourse to atom-atom interactions. Since Purcell's celebrated work \cite{purcell} about 70 year ago, showing modification of spontaneous emissi... |
2,121,713,845,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravitational microlensing is a well known technique for detecting compact objects in the disk, bulge and halo of our Galaxy\footnote{In the last years, a variant of
the microlensing method, the so called pixel-lensing techinque demonstrated its capabilities to discover new microlensing events... |
2,121,713,845,389 | arxiv | \section{\textbf{Introduction and statement of the results}}
The $p$-minimal (or $X$-minimal, $\boldsymbol{H}$-minimal) surfaces have
been studied extensively in the framework of geometric measure theory (e.g.,
\cite{GN96}, \cite{FSS01}, \cite{Pau01}). Motivated by the isoperimetric
problem in the Heisenberg group, o... |
2,121,713,845,390 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Social media, regarded as two-layer networks consisting of users and items, turn out to be the most important channels for access to massive information in the era of Web 2.0. The dynamics of human activity and item popularity is a
crucial issue in social media networks. In this paper, by analyzing ... |
2,121,713,845,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{pb8:sec:introduction}
The planetary nebula (PN) PB\,8 (PN\,G292.4$+$04.1) has been the subject of some recent studies
\citep{Garcia-Rojas2009,Todt2010,MillerBertolami2011}. The central star of PB\,8 has been classified as [WC\,5-6] by \citet{Acker2003}, as weak emission-line star type \ci... |
2,121,713,845,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, create various opportunities for companies to improve their internal and external communications and to collaborate and communicate with their customers, partners, and other stakeholders, such as investors. Given the importance of so... |
2,121,713,845,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we prove the existence and the strong instability of standing
waves for the following Schr\"odinger-Poisson-Slater equations:
\begin{equation}\label{main}
i\partial_t u+\Delta u - (\left | x \right |^{-1}\ast \left | u \right |^2) u+|u|^{p-2}u=0 \ \mbox{ in } \ \mathbb{R} \times ... |
2,121,713,845,394 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In the past few decades there has been a surge in the use of microfludic devices. They are now a well-established platform, which has revolutionized bio-medical research, primarily as a result of the Lab-on-a-Chip approach to chemical and biological analysis \cite{cancer,LOC1,LOC2,LOC3,LOC4,OOCRe... |
2,121,713,845,395 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Any organization whose mission is to serve the poor must have a way to identify poor households as potential clients or customers, as well as to track poverty rates in the communities served. However, in order to decisively identify households that are poor, the requisite assess... |
2,121,713,845,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{secIntro}
The integral delay equation (IDE) is a particular case of the renewal equation (when the kernel of the integral has a finite support), which has been introduced by Euler~\cite{Euler1760} in his studies on population dynamics and revisited by Lotka~\cite{Lotka1907}. It was adapt... |
2,121,713,845,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper focuses on the technical details of the development process of a digital musical instrument. We believe that overcoming technical barriers by presenting them in a natural approach could open up possibilities for beginners. In sum, we hypothesize that when the technical barrier is pres... |
2,121,713,845,398 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{Introduction}
Special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) is supposed to provide a sufficiently accurate description of the dynamics
of those astrophysical plasma that move close to the speed of light and which are
subject to electromagnetic forces dominating over gravitational forc... |
2,121,713,845,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Segmentation is a classic problem in Computer Vision through which foreground and background can be separated in an {\em image}. Numerous edge detection and region segmentation based methods have been proposed for more than fifty years. Compared to a single image, video provides additional tempor... |
2,121,713,845,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A variety of systems can be described
as assemblies of particles
that exhibit chiral or circular motion
\cite{1,2}, such as
circularly moving colloids \cite{3,4,5,6},
biological circle swimmers \cite{7}, active spinners \cite{8,9,10,11,12},
circularly driven particles \cite{13,14,15,N},
and... |
2,121,713,845,401 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=.9\columnwidth]{plots/lb_field_ids}
\caption{The distribution of our sample in Galactic longitude and
latitude. Each field is labelled by its I.D. number, followed in
brackets by the number of stars with ${\mathrm{[M/H]}}<0$ and the number
with ${\m... |
2,121,713,845,402 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Building fault-tolerant quantum computers is an extremely challenging task.
Bridging the gap between theoretical fault-tolerant schemes and physics experiment is an ongoing global effort.
In this effort the honeycomb code was introduced in \cite{hastings_dynamically_2021}.
It is a protocol fo... |
2,121,713,845,403 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heavy fermions are one of the most studied materials in condensed
matter physics. This is due to a large number of intriguing phenomena
ranging from quantum criticality to unconventional superconductivity,
which can be found in these
systems.\cite{coleman2007,coleman2005,gegenwart2008} Many of th... |
2,121,713,845,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB) is one of the most important phenomena that fundamental particle physics has taught us.
The discovery of the Higgs-like boson with mass $125$ GeV in 2012 at the LHC \cite{ATLAS:2012yve,CMS:2012qbp}, has established
EWSB as a law of nature ... |
2,121,713,845,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The last ten years or so have seen a revolution in the ways we probe strong-field relativistic gravity. The main breakthrough came in 2015
with the first observation of gravitational waves (GWs) from merging black holes by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration~\cite{Abbott:2016blz} . ... |
2,121,713,845,406 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Function as a Service (FaaS) is a software paradigm that is becoming
increasingly popular. Multiple cloud providers offer
FaaS~\cite{azurefunctions,gcp,awslambda,ibmfunctions} as the interface
to usage-driven, stateless (serverless) backend services. FaaS offers
an intuitive, event-based inter... |
2,121,713,845,407 | arxiv |
\section*{Appendix - \\{\small Iconary: A Pictionary-based Game for Testing Multimodal Communication with Drawings and Text}}
]
The appendix includes the following sections:\\
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep0em
\item Sec~\ref{app:qual} - Qualitative Results
\item Sec~\ref{app:traindata} - Training Data Characteris... |
2,121,713,845,408 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{int}
The study of non-commutative (NC) geometry and its implications have gained considerable importance in recent times as
these studies are motivated from string theory and certain condensed matter systems like the quantum Hall effect. Despite this, the physical consequences of non-com... |
2,121,713,845,409 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the crucial aspects of the type of integrable system we consider is
that even though they are nonlinear, they possess a linear problem, usually
called the Lax pair. Once we know the Lax pair, other nice features of the
integrable systems such as constants of motion, symmetry, and solu... |
2,121,713,845,410 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Different from crystal with translation symmetry, a fractal has a self-similar hierarchical structure, where the whole system is exactly or approximately similar to a part of itself.
The most prominent mathematical feature of fractals is the non-integer Hausdorff dimension $d_{H}$ \cite{geometryo... |
2,121,713,845,411 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Orion nebula is the nearest site of massive star formation.
One of its predominant features is the Integral Shaped Filament
\citep[ISF,][]{bally_1987}, a filament of gas in where the Orion Nebula
Cluster \citep[ONC,][]{hillenbrand_1998} is forming.
Observations of the protostars on the ONC... |
2,121,713,845,412 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We are grateful to Xifan Wu of Temple University for valuable discussion.
This paper was supported by the National Key R\&D Program of China (Grants No. 2021YFA0718900), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS (Grant No. ZDBS-LY-SLH008), and the Science Center of the National Sci... |
2,121,713,845,413 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Our objective in this work is {\em generalization} and {\em flexibility} in text
recognition. Modern text recognition methods~\cite{shi2018aster,cheng2018aon,
Lee16,baek2019wrong} achieve excellent performance in many cases, but
generalization to unseen data, \ie, novel f... |
2,121,713,845,414 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
Majorana zero mode (MZM) is a zero-energy quasiparticle with exotic properties. In a condensed matter system, it usually appears in a topological superconductor as a bound state~\citep{1_nayak2008non,2_wilczek2009majorana,3_alicea2012new,4_beenakker2013search,5_elliott2015colloquium... |
2,121,713,845,415 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Skyrme model \cite{Skyrme:1961vq} is a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear theory of pions that admits topological soliton solutions, called Skyrmions, which represent baryons. This has been well studied \cite{bible} with solutions calculated for a large range of topological charges \cite{Battye:2001... |
2,121,713,845,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Systems attached to thermal reservoirs will relax toward a stationary state.
Such thermal relaxation processes are ubiquitous in nature and possess rich properties from both dynamic and thermodynamic perspectives.
One of the counterintuitive behaviors is the Mpemba effect \cite{Mpemba.1969.PE}, w... |
2,121,713,845,417 | arxiv | \subsubsection{#1}}
\newcommand{{FsaNet~}}{{FsaNet~}}
\newcommand{{state-of-the-art~}}{{state-of-the-art~}}
\newcommand{{FCN~\cite{long2015fully}}}{{FCN~\cite{long2015fully}}}
\newcommand{{EncNet~\cite{zhang2018context}}}{{EncNet~\cite{zhang2018context}}}
\newcommand{{APCNet~\cite{he2019adaptive}}}{{APCNet~\cite{he2019... |
2,121,713,845,418 | arxiv | \section{\label{intro} Introduction}
A puzzling problem in physics is the ubiquity of '1/f' noise or 'Flicker' noise, i.e. the existence of a wide range of frequencies over which the low frequency power spectrum $S(f)$ of a physical quantity follows a power law $S(f)\sim f^{-\alpha}$, with $\alpha$ close to 1 (or mor... |
2,121,713,845,419 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
May all conserved quantities be effective simultaneously? The ratio of the magnitude of electric current to that of linear momentum is a fixed value, is not it? Is the ratio of the magnitude of magnetic moment to that of angular momentum one fixed value? For a long time, these ... |
2,121,713,845,420 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lorentz symmetry is a fundamental feature of relativity theory.
In special relativity,
it is a global symmetry relating the laws of
physics in different inertial frames under boosts and rotations.
It is also linked by a general theorem to the combined
discrete symmetry CPT formed from the produ... |
2,121,713,845,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the remarkable special classes of the exact solution of the
nonvacuum Einstein equations $G_{ab} = \kappa T_{a b}$ available to
date was discovered by Szekeres \cite{psz}. They are obtained by
solving Einstein equations with irrotational dust $T_{ab} = \epsilon
u_{a} u_{b}$ as the source... |
2,121,713,845,422 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Discovering optimized policies for individuals in complex environments is a prevalent and important task in the real world. For example, (a) traders demand to explore competitive pricing strategies in order to get maximum revenue from markets when competing with other traders \cite{KUTSCHINSKI2... |
2,121,713,845,423 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We analyze time-harmonic surface scattering modeled by the scalar Helmholtz equation from a periodic or a locally perturbed periodic surface $\Gamma$.
A fundamental motivation to study surface scattering problems involving periodicity is the growing industrial importance of micro or nano-struct... |
2,121,713,845,424 | arxiv | \section{Experiments}
\label{sec:exp}
We use a set of simulations on synthetic data to verify our reduced effective rank assumption on the covariance matrix of LVGGM, and the derived error bounds in Theorem~\ref{cor:errorbound:loweffrank}.
\subsection{Effective Rank of Covariance of LVGGM}
\label{sec:effrankexp}
To... |
2,121,713,845,425 | arxiv | |
2,121,713,845,426 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
The size effect on the fracture process zone in notched and unnotched three point bending tests of concrete beams is analysed by a meso-scale approach.
Concrete is modelled at the meso-scale as stiff aggregates embedded in a soft matrix separated by weak interfaces.
The mechanical response of the th... |
2,121,713,845,427 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In {\em digital topology}, we study geometric and
topological properties of digital images via tools
adapted from geometric and algebraic topology.
Prominent among these tools are digital versions
of continuous functions and homotopy. Digital
homotopy can be thought
of as the topology of an... |
2,121,713,845,428 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Unlike ordinary decoding where the decoder has to select a single message as its estimate, a list decoder outputs a list of messages, among which the transmitted one is expected to be found. Therefore, an error occurs if the actual transmitted message is not in the list.
List decoding was introd... |
2,121,713,845,429 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quantum and classical fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are at the origin of several physical phenomena such as the existence of a force, even in vacuum (the ground state of electromagnetic field), between any couple of polarizable bodies. This effect, usually known as Casimir-Lifshi... |
2,121,713,845,430 | arxiv | \subsection{Proof of Theorem~1}
\label{A}
In this section, we give a proof of Theorem~1. \\
{\it Proof.}
From Lemma~1, after Alice performs the stabilizer tests for $g_i\in\{g_i^{(d)},g_i^{({\rm CV})}\}$ on all the $N_{\rm test}$ registers, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{pr1}
&&{\rm Pr}\left[\sum_{j\in\bar{\Pi}^{(i)}}... |
2,121,713,845,431 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In this paper we investigate properly three-colored triangulations of
orientable surfaces, in particular of the sphere and the torus. These objects, also known as Latin bitrades, have been actively researched, see, e.g., \cite{cw,bm}. Our results have two sources of motivation.... |
2,121,713,845,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The asymptotic dimension of a metric (more generally, coarse) space is an important number characteristic of the space, introduced by Gromov \cite{Gromov}. The asymptotic dimension is a coarse counterpart of the Lebesgue covering dimension of topological spaces. By a result of Holszty\'nski \c... |
2,121,713,845,433 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}}
In the last ten years the interest in circular data has received renewed
attention, with new theoretical results and models
\citep[for a recent and extended review of both theory and applications see][]{ley2017, ley2019}.
Most of the existing literature, before 2012, dealt with the... |
2,121,713,845,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gerhard Hochschild introduced the cohomology theory bearing his name in \cite{H} in order to study extensions of algebras over a field $\mathbbm{k}$. Later, Gerstenhaber used this theory to study deformations in \cite{G}. On the other hand, Hochschild homology led to the study of cyclic homolog... |
2,121,713,845,435 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent work on `quantum invariants' of knots, links, tangles, and
3-manifolds depends crucially on a purely algebraic characterization
of tangles in 3-dimensional space. It follows from work of Freyd
and Yetter, Turaev, and Shum \cite{FY,Shum,T,Y} that isotopy classes of
framed oriented tangle... |
2,121,713,845,436 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fluctuation Theorems have been one of the most relevant results of statistical physics in recent decades. The pioneering work of Evans, Morris and Searles \cite{evans1993probability,evans1994equilibrium}, Gallavotti, Cohen \cite{gallavotti1995dynamicalensembles,gallavotti1995dynamical}, Jarzynsk... |
2,121,713,845,437 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In spite of the passage of more than two centuries, the principle of the torsion pendulum still underlies the design of instruments to measure ultra-small electrical or gravitational torques. Ever-improving techniques for suppressing sources of systematic error in these experiments have motiv... |
2,121,713,845,438 | arxiv |
\section{Atom Preparation and State Initialization}
Our optical tweezer array is formed by multiple beams of light at a wavelength of \SI{808}{nm} generated by an acousto-optic deflector (AOD). The tweezer beams are focused through a $\mathrm{NA}=0.5$ objective to a beam waist radius ($1/e^2$ intensity) of \SI{750}{n... |
2,121,713,845,439 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In the first phase of operation of the Large Electron Positron
Collider (LEP) four-jet events were primarily used for measuring the
eigenvalues of the Casimir operators of the underlying symmetry group,
the QCD color factors \cite{L3,a34,DELPHI,OPAL,ALEPH}. The values of
these color char... |
2,121,713,845,440 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Scaling laws offer a way of studying fundamental trade-offs in wireless networks as well as of highlighting the qualitative and architectural properties of specific designs. Such study has been initiated by the work \cite{GK00} of Gupta and Kumar in 2000. Their by now familiar m... |
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