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2,121,713,845,441 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
In this paper, we propose a Global-Supervised Contrastive loss ($\mathcal{L}_{GSupCon}$) and a view-aware-based post-processing (VABPP) method for the field of vehicle re-identification. The traditional supervised contrastive loss ($\mathcal{L}_{SupCon}$) calculates the distances of features within... |
2,121,713,845,442 | arxiv | \section{A Framework for Understanding Issues with the VAE Objective}\label{sec:framework}
We demonstrate two general ways wherein global optima of the ELBO correspond to undesirable models. In the following, we fix our variational family to be mean-field Gaussian.
\vskip0.2cm
\noindent\textbf{Case 1: Learning the Infe... |
2,121,713,845,443 | arxiv |
\section{Model}\label{sec:model}
The neural system of interest is the Hindmarsh-Rose model and it has been chosen since it can exhibit chaotic behavior. Eq \ref{eq:hr} provides the original HR model as given in \textcite{Hindmarsh1984}. The original parameter values used are $a=1$, $b=3$, $c=1$, $d=5$, $s=4$, $x_r = -... |
2,121,713,845,444 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Ground based gravitational wave detector networks (notably LIGO \cite{Abb04} and Virgo
\cite{virgo}) are analyzing results of design-sensitivity searches
for the signals expected from the inspiral and merger of double compact binaries.
\cite{Abb08,Abb09}.
For the lowest-mass compact binaries $M=... |
2,121,713,845,445 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bayesian latent variable models, including structural equation models and time series models, are increasingly becoming more complex to accommodate the complex datasets that modern technology permits \citep[e.g.,][]{aspham18,bue19,ctsem,deplaiyang21,endkel18,haamer20,haarou21,hoijsch18,kapche22,l... |
2,121,713,845,446 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Social media platforms have become crucial information hubs that millions gather during natural disasters. When social media platforms afford crowdsourced information creation and dissemination, people spontaneously spread situational danger warnings and self-rescue knowledge~\cite{qu2009online,... |
2,121,713,845,447 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\textbf {Percolation.}}
Let $d\geq 2$. We consider an i.i.d. supercritical bond percolation on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, every edge is open with a probability $p>p_c$, where $p_c$ denotes the critical parameter for this percolation. Let $\mathcal{G}_p$ be the graph of the open edges
\[\mathcal{G}_p:=(\mat... |
2,121,713,845,448 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nonstationary oscillatory signals are everywhere and have attracted significant attention in the past decades. In addition to the time-varying frequency and amplitude, in practice the analysis is further challenged by the fact that many oscillatory signals do not oscillate sinusoidally; for exam... |
2,121,713,845,449 | arxiv |
\section*{Materials and Methods}
\end{center}
\section{Experiment Setup} \label{app:experiment}
\subsection{Smarticle Hardware Design}
All files necessary towards fabricating smarticles---\textit{i.e.,} mechanical CAD files, PCB schematics and files, as well as a comprehensive bill of materials---can be found in~\cit... |
2,121,713,845,450 | arxiv | \section{Factorization and SCET
The application of factorization to exclusive processes has been around
now for 25 years (see \cite{BLreview} for a review of the early literature).
These factorization theorems have been traditionally
proved using diagrammatic methods in
perturbation theory. Apart from being rather ... |
2,121,713,845,451 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stimuli-responsive polymers are key ingredients in switchable \textit{smart} soft materials design -- materials whose physiochemical, and hence assembly properties can be critically altered by local environmental stimuli~\cite{Koetting2015,Gil2004,Liechty2010,Roth2017,Wei2017,Andreas}. A characte... |
2,121,713,845,452 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Extra spatial dimensions that show themselves near the TeV scale
have been widely studied in particle physics since the pioneering
works of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali (ADD)
\cite{ArkaniHamed:1998rs,ArkaniHamed:1998nn,Antoniadis:1998ig}. Soon
after the work of ADD a warped model was propo... |
2,121,713,845,453 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rodents are widely used in preclinical research to investigate brain diseases \citep{carbone2021estimating}.
These studies often utilize in-vivo imaging technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to visualize brain tissue at different time-points, which is necessary for studying dise... |
2,121,713,845,454 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is commonly known that the evolution equations of
the quark and gluon distributions in the hadron,
derived in QCD by using the renormalization group or diagrammatic
techniques~\cite{DGLAP},
can be often interpreted probabilistically as a Markovian process;
see for instance the review of ref.~... |
2,121,713,845,455 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In the coming decade several large astronomy projects aim to place percent-level constraints on cosmic acceleration, testing the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model and its extensions. These include the European Space Agency's Euclid mission\footnote{\url{https://sci.esa.int/web/eu... |
2,121,713,845,456 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The spread of diseases \sebcancel{has} been a prominent feature of human civilization. The devastation that epidemics can
\sebcancel{bring} worldwide, both from loss of life, and, less importantly, from hindrance to economic activity, has been brought into stark relief by the ongoing Covid-19 cri... |
2,121,713,845,457 | arxiv |
\subsection{Multiplicative graph embedding models}
In RESCAL, a graph is represented as a tensor $X_{s,p,o}$, where entries are $1$ if a triple \triple{s}{p}{o} occurs in the graph and $0$ otherwise.
This way, finding graph embeddings can be rephrased in terms of a tensor factorization problem
\begin{equation}
... |
2,121,713,845,458 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
{\bf
The latest measurements of collective behaviour in a variety of collision systems with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, including \mbox{$pp$} collisions at 13 TeV, \mbox{Xe+Xe} collisions at
5.44 TeV, and $\mbox{Pb+Pb}$ collisions at 5.02 TeV, are presented. They include $v_n$-[\mbox{$p_{\mathrm... |
2,121,713,845,459 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ridge Regression (RR) is one of the most widely applied penalized regression algorithms in machine learning problems. Suppose ${\bf X}$ is the $n\times p$ design matrix and ${\bf Y}$ is the $n\times 1$ response vector, ridge regression tries to solve the problem
\begin{equation}
\hat{\beta}=\arg\... |
2,121,713,845,460 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Being able to comprehend a document and output correct answer given a query/question about content in the document, often referred as machine reading comprehension (RC) or question answering (QA), is an important and challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). Plenty of data sets have ... |
2,121,713,845,461 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:Intro}
\subsection{Formulation of the problem}
Let $D$ be an infinitely smooth bounded domain in $\mathbb R^n.$ For any affine hyperplane $\{\langle u,x \rangle =t\}, \ u \in \mathbb R^n \setminus 0, t \in \mathbb R,$ denote
$V_D^{\pm}(u,t)$ the volumes of the portions of the dom... |
2,121,713,845,462 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a degree $n$ polynomial $p(x)$ with roots $x_1, \ldots, x_n$:
$$p(x) = x^n+a_1x^{n-1}+\ldots+a_nx+a_n = \prod_{i=1}^n (x-x_i).$$
A \emph{Tschirnhaus transformation} is a polynomial transformation of the roots of $p$. That is, given a polynomial
$$T(x) = b_{n-1}x^{n-1}+b_{n-2}x^{n-2}+\ld... |
2,121,713,845,463 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
City councils and private commercial companies with a smart city initiative have recently been aiming for facilitating ride sharing of public and private transportation systems that provide significant environmental benefit in terms of reduced energy consumption and carbon footprint. Ride shari... |
2,121,713,845,464 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Over the last decade or so noncommutativity of space coordinates has become a much persued avenue of research \cite{Connes:1994yd}. As well as its use in regularization of quantum field theories, noncommuting coordinates have appeared naturally within string theory \cite{Seiberg:1999vs,Myers:199... |
2,121,713,845,465 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Introduction}
A key feature of the stable homotopy category is the interplay between algebra and homotopy theory. In this article we explore a variant of the following realisation problem:
\begin{center}\emph{Given a ring spectrum $R$, when does a map of graded ri... |
2,121,713,845,466 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics \cite{CLeforestier,THelgaker90,RBarnett91,RWentzcovitch91,MCPayne92,DMarx00}
based on self-consistent field (SCF) methods, such as Hartree-Fock or density functional theory \cite{Roothaan,hohen,KohnSham65},
is currently a gold standard in molecular dynamics si... |
2,121,713,845,467 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The pair-production process $\gamma + \gamma \rightarrow e^+ e^-$ is
a well-understood process mostly
studied in the laboratory through its inverse process of pair annihilation
(e.g. in storage ring experiments).
Energetic photons propagating through the intergalactic space undergo
pair pr... |
2,121,713,845,468 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\begin{figure*}[htb]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=13cm]{fig1.eps}}
\caption{Framework of integration model. (A) and (B) show an ordinary undirected unsigned network and a directed signed network as examples of link and sign prediction, where orange and gray ... |
2,121,713,845,469 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nonlinear Fokker-Planck (FP) equation has been largely used to study a wide class of physical systems which exhibit
anomalous diffusion~\cite{Plastino95,Tsallis96,Frankbook,Tsallis2002,CuradoNobreetal}. A particular feature of this equation is that its stationary solutions
are probability... |
2,121,713,845,470 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{\bibname}}
\usepackage[accepted]{icml2020arxiv}
\icmltitlerunning{Spectral Subsampling MCMC for Stationary Time Series}
\begin{document}
\twocolumn[
\icmltitle{Spectral Subsampling MCMC for Stationary Time Series}
\begin{icmlauthorlist}
\icmlauthor{Robert Salomone}{UNSW}
\icmlauthor{Matias Quiro... |
2,121,713,845,471 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $F$ be a non archimedean local field of characteristic not $2$ and $E$ a quadratic extension of $F$. Let $D$ be a central division $F$-algebra
of dimension $d^2$. If $n$ is a positive integer, then $\mathcal{M}_n(D)$ is a simple central $F$-algebra of dimension $n^2d^2$. As $E/F$ is ... |
2,121,713,845,472 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Set optimization is the class of mathematical problems that consists in minimizing set-valued mappings acting between two vector spaces, in which the image space is partially ordered by a given closed, convex and pointed cone. There are two main approaches for defining solution concepts for this... |
2,121,713,845,473 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Ref.~\cite{Solo1,Solo2} Soloviev showed that if a distribution $u \in {\mathscr D}^\prime$
has support in a proper convex cone and its Fourier transform, an analytic
functional $v$ belonging to the space $Z^\prime$ of ultradistributions of Gel'fand and
Shilov, is carried by a closed cone $C$ d... |
2,121,713,845,474 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The formation history of galaxies continues to be a topic of keen interest, unsolved because of its complex nature in which star formation, chemical evolution, and dynamical evolution are intertwined. Progress in one of these areas will help the others, and this paper concerns the question of u... |
2,121,713,845,475 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro}
Star formation histories (SFHs) of nearby galaxies can be estimated by analysis of their resolved stellar content, as many features present in a color-magnitude diagram (CMD) provide evidence of star formation at specific ages. For example, blue or red supergiants provide evid... |
2,121,713,845,476 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro}
In many queueing systems, customers are provided with information about waiting times or queue lengths which can impact their decision to wait for service. However, this information is usually not provided to customers in real time and consequently most of this information is i... |
2,121,713,845,477 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Partial differential equations (PDEs) are ubiquitous across all of engineering and physics, and their numerical solution is required for the majority of applications. A common feature of many physical systems is the presence of sharp discontinuities in material parameters corresponding to an inte... |
2,121,713,845,478 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Gentle algebras are a class of finite dimensional algebras whose module (and derived) category is well understood. These algebras have good properties, they are Gorenstein \cite{GR}, tame, and their module category is described via strings and parametrized bands \cite{ButRi}.
On the other hand,... |
2,121,713,845,479 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Conversation emotion recognition (CER) refers to the process of identifying the speaker's emotions through text, audio, and visual information in the process of two or more persons' conversations. Nowadays, conversation emotion recognition tasks are widely used in social media such as Twitter and... |
2,121,713,845,480 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:sec1} Historical Introduction}
In 1965, Khuri and Kinoshita published a series of interesting papers on the real part of the forward scattering amplitude obtained via dispersion relations from the imaginary part which is proportional to the total cross section~\cite{ref1}. Among their results was t... |
2,121,713,845,481 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
An essential component of conventional control technology is the derivation of a mathematical model in order to describe the real behavior of the controlled system as well as possible.
The design of a controller usually goes hand in hand with complex non-linear differential equations.
In practice... |
2,121,713,845,482 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $S\in\mathbb{Q}(x)$ be a rational fraction. Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field where
the reduction of the denominator of $S$ does not vanish. For any polynomial
$f\in\mathbb{F}_q[x]$ we define the $S$-transform of $f$ as the polynomial
$T_S(f)=\numerator\left(f(S(x))\right)$ and we let
\[
... |
2,121,713,845,483 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
Since the prediction of Weyl semimetal \cite{wan2011topological,murakami2007phase}, the search of emergent
particles in three-dimensional (3D) crystalline materials has been actively performed \cite{chiu2016classification,armitage2018weyl,zhang2019catalogue,vergniory2019complete,
tang2019compre... |
2,121,713,845,484 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The entanglement between a localized subsystem and its environment in a given quantum state is by now a very well
investigated subject in quantum field theory (QFT). A basic physical picture which has been confirmed in many examples -- and which is supported also by
certain formal arguments --... |
2,121,713,845,485 | arxiv | \section*{ }
The main difficulty in extracting the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix
element $|V_{ub}|$, from exclusive semi-leptonic decays such as $\bar{B}^0_d
\to \pi^+ l^- \bar{\nu}_l$, is the theoretical uncertainty associated with the
form factor $f_1(q^2)$, in the differential decay rate
\begin{equation... |
2,121,713,845,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At a triplet Cooper pairing transition temperature $T_c$ is degenerate with respect to three projections of spin. In the superfluid $^3$He, where Cooper pairs are formed in a state with the orbital angular momentum $l=1$ there is additional degeneracy with respect to 3 projections of orbital ang... |
2,121,713,845,487 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lattice quantum field theory (LQFT), i.e., QFT discretized on a Euclidean spacetime lattice, is the only framework presently available to perform \textit{ab-initio} QFT calculations with fully controlled, systematically improvable uncertainties when the system of interest exhibits nonperturbativ... |
2,121,713,845,488 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The reliable calculation of physical properties of interacting quantum
mechanical systems presents a formidable task. Typically, one has to
cope with the interplay of different energy-scales possibly covering
several orders of magnitude even for simple situations. Approximate ... |
2,121,713,845,489 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Theories with higher order time derivatives occur naturally in
several areas of physics \cite{stel,El,Tai}. However a
characteristic of the ordinary Hamiltonian version of these theories
is that this Hamiltonian is linear in the momenta \cite{El} and in
consequence the energy is unbounded from be... |
2,121,713,845,490 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The real projective space $\R{\rm P}^n$ is in a natural way a homogeneous spaces for the general linear group $\GL(n+1,\mathbb{R})$. This induces natural representations of $\GL(n+1,\mathbb{R})$ on functions, or more generally sections of equivariant vector bundles over $\R{\rm P}^n$. The equiv... |
2,121,713,845,491 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A \definedWord{matrix Lie algebra} is defined as a set of $n \times n$ matrices closed under the following operations: multiplication by scalars $A \mapsto \alpha A$ for $\alpha \in \C$, the usual matrix addition, and a multiplication-like operation denoted $[A, B] := AB - BA$. Lie algebras are a... |
2,121,713,845,492 | arxiv | \section{DBHF approach}
\label{sec:RBA}
We consider homogeneous nuclear matter at low density so that
two-body correlations dominate. Of course, at very low density, clustering
phenomena can occur, like deuteron, tritium, helium and alpha particle
formation \cite{horowitz05,Tohsaki:2001an,Beyer:2000ds}.
Therefore,... |
2,121,713,845,493 | arxiv |
\subsubsection*{#1}}
\pagestyle{headings}
\markright{Reference sheet: \texttt{natbib}}
\usepackage{shortvrb}
\MakeShortVerb{\|}
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{plain}
\newcommand{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}
\newcommand{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fileversion{#3}}}{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fil... |
2,121,713,845,494 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s.intro}
One of the main problems in the search for a theory of quantum gravity is the current lack of any experiments that could offer some guidance. This is not surprising, since quantum gravity effects are typically only expected to become important either at very high energy scales ... |
2,121,713,845,495 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
We consider linear time-invariant (LTI) descriptor systems of the form
\begin{subequations}\label{dls}
\begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}
E\dot{x}(t) &=& Ax(t) + Bu(t), \label{dlsa} \\
y(t) &=& Cx(t) + Du(t) , \label{dlsb} \\
z(t) &=& Kx(t), \label{dlsc}
\end{IEEEeqnarray}
\end{subeq... |
2,121,713,845,496 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Standard Model of particle physics (SM) is an extremely successful theory, which describes the properties of all known elementary particles, notably also the characteristics of the Higgs boson. Nevertheless, the cosmology requires also the existence of the dark matter (DM), which cannot be bu... |
2,121,713,845,497 | arxiv | \section{ Greenberger, Horne, Shimony, Zeilinger and Mermin }
\label{sec-GHSZ}
Greenberger, Horne, Shimony and Zeilinger (1990) developed a proof
of the Bell theorem without using inequalities. Following Mermin, one
can extract from their ideas not only a simple Kochen-Specker-like
illustration that there are qu... |
2,121,713,845,498 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Theorems}
\subsection{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:regret_ub}}
We first upper bound the instantaneous regret in round $t \ge 1$. We have:
\begin{align}
\EXP[\max_{A \in \set{A}_t} \langle A - A_t, \theta\rangle] & \le \EXP[| \max_{A \in \set{A}_t} \langle A, \theta\rangle| ] + \EXP[| \langle A_t, ... |
2,121,713,845,499 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\arraycolsep 0.5mm
In 1989, Ahlswede and Dueck \cite{ad},\cite{ad2}, proposed a new
framework of communication system using noisy channels. Their proposed
framework called the identification via channels (or briefly say the ID
channel) has opened a new and fertile area in the Shannon ... |
2,121,713,845,500 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The tension on the Hubble constant cosmological parameter between different measurements is at the center of the debate in the astronomical and cosmological communities, and asks for a firm theoretical background at fundamental level \citep{2020FoPh...50..893C, 2021ApJ...912..15... |
2,121,713,845,501 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that integral identities play an important role
in the theory of functions and differential equations. Basically
there are two kinds of such identities which are most frequently
used, namely, Pohozaev type identities \cite{po01,po02} and
Rellich type identities \cite{rel}. An... |
2,121,713,845,502 | arxiv | \section{Quantum dot interferometer}
In this section, we provide more details on the model for the quantum dot (QD) interferometer, which we discussed in the main text.
\subsection{Quantum dot Hamiltonian}
First, we introduce the model of an interacting QD tunnel-coupled to superconducting (SC) leads
described by the ... |
2,121,713,845,503 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Trustworthy deployment of machine learning applications requires accurate and calibrated predictions to instill their reliability and help users be less confused about models' decisions~\cite{NLPUQ1,SNGP}.
\begin{figure}[th]
\centering
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.23\textwidth}
\ce... |
2,121,713,845,504 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Of the thousands of languages in
the world,
a very small portion is covered by language technologies
\cite{joshi2020state}.
\newcite{bird2020decolonising} suggests a number of
approaches to develop
such
technologies for low-resource
languages.
In this paper, our goal is to create
a \emph{m... |
2,121,713,845,505 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions} \label{sec:conclusions}
In this paper, we propose a novel method for moving object detection which balances between high accuracy and high computational efficiency. Our proposed method exploits both external motion modelling and time-aware architectures to maximize benefit from temporal motion in... |
2,121,713,845,506 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The core goal of machine learning is to learn the inherent generalization rule underlying data from some empirical observations, so as to make label predictions for new query samples. Such a generalization rule is generally modeled as a parameterized function (i.e., learner),... |
2,121,713,845,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Environmental justice is the fair treatment and meaningful participation of all people, regardless of their ethnic or socio-economic background, in the formulation of public policy and environmental regulations \cite{epa}. As increasing population density, high living costs, and climate change ha... |
2,121,713,845,508 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Structured transductions are a natural generalization of supervised learning to application scenarios where both input samples and predictions are structured pieces of information. Trees are an example of non-trivial structured data which allows to straightforwardly represent compound information... |
2,121,713,845,509 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{\bibname}}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\graphicspath{{figs/}}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{placeins}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage[... |
2,121,713,845,510 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
\label{intro}
A {\em graph} $G$ consists of a set $V(G)$ of {\em vertices} together
with a set $E(G)$ of unordered pairs of vertices called {\em edges}.
We use $uv$ for an edge $\{u,v\}$. Two vertices $u$ and $v$ are
{\em adjacent} to each other if $uv \in E(G)$. ... |
2,121,713,845,511 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s_intro}
The nuclei around $N=50$ region have recently attracted considerable experimental and theoretical attention
\cite{ref1,ref2,ref3,ref4,ref5,ref6,9192Zr,honma,yoshi,nakada,gepcs,mpla,62ga,1a,88Zr,89Zr,89Nb,91Nb,pittel,patt,pajtler,bingham,pcappb}. The excitation of one neutron from ... |
2,121,713,845,512 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of results}
All groups considered in this paper are finite. In recent years a new research line its being developed in the confluence of two well-established areas of study in group theory. On the one hand the theory of products of groups, and on the other hand the study of the ... |
2,121,713,845,513 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown superhuman performance in several domains, such as computer games and board games~\cite{silver2017mastering, berner2019dota}.
However, conventional DRL considers only learning for a single task and does not reuse experience from past tasks.
This is a ma... |
2,121,713,845,514 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the last decade an increasing number of studies of late-type edge-on
disk-dominated galaxies has been conducted, reflecting a growing interest
in understanding these galaxies in the framework of galaxy evolution and
cosmological models. Models describing the chemodynamical evolution of
di... |
2,121,713,845,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we prove invariance properties of the Sprague-Grundy function for variants of Wythoff's game. We first state the rule sets of the variants of Wythoff's game. Next, we review background on the Sprague-Grundy function. We also state the invariance properties Fraenkel and Ho \cite{FH... |
2,121,713,845,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
Thermonuclear combustion was originally proposed as the mechanism
behind Type Ia supernovae \citep{hoyle+60,arnett69}.
However, this detonation-based model was soon shown to be unable to explain a host
of observations \citep{arnett74,ostriker+74}. \citet{nomoto+76}
recognized the p... |
2,121,713,845,517 | arxiv | \section{How to Use this Template}
The template details the sections that can be used in a manuscript. Note that the order and names of article sections may differ from the requirements of the journal (e.g., the positioning of the Materials and Methods section). Please check the instructions for authors page of the jou... |
2,121,713,845,518 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This white paper is directed to the Galactic Neighborhood
panel of the Decadal Survey. Within the topics of the panel
we identify four fundamental questions for the next decade:
\begin{itemize}
\item How are dark matter and normal matter structured in the
local group?
\item How does the env... |
2,121,713,845,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace{\parindent}%
In the last few years a lot of attention has been devoted to the
study of $\cal W$-algebras \cite {Z}. For recent update reviews see \cite {R},
\cite {B} where extensive lists of references can be found.
An interesting way to construct classical $\cal W$-algebras is by th... |
2,121,713,845,520 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a graph with no loops or multiple edges. In a {\em drawing $D$ of a graph $G$} in the plane, the vertices are represented by distinct points and each edge is represented by a simple continuous arc connecting the images of its endpoints. As usual, we identify the vertices and their i... |
2,121,713,845,521 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the discovery of the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{adscft}, there have been great expectations that this duality
will help us answer deep questions about black hole
physics. The reason is that the gauge theory provides a
non-perturbative description of quantum gravity in the
bulk with fixed... |
2,121,713,845,522 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Automatic target recognition (ATR) on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is under keen interest especially in social security and defense applications.
SAR ATR was considered difficult since human operators are no good at interpreting SAR images and crafting good manual fea... |
2,121,713,845,523 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:II}
In the last few decades, the investigation of gravitating solutions supported by scalar fields has blossomed with the finding of unexpected and striking results. Unfolded by such findings, many astrophysical applications have followed suit in the community. Among them we underline... |
2,121,713,845,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a deep interest in the mechanical response of biological
tissues and gels in view of the importance for biological
functions such as cell motility and mechanotransduction. Many
network-like biological tissues respond to deformation by
exhibiting an increasing stiffness, i.e. ratio betw... |
2,121,713,845,525 | arxiv | \section{Ergodicity condition}
It is natural to define the ergodicity of random eigenstates $\psi(i)$ as the vanishing in the limit $N\rightarrow\infty$ difference between the real space average of $|\psi(i)|^{2q}$ (equal to $I_{q}/N$ ) and its ensemble average $\langle |\psi(i)|^{2q}\rangle=\langle I_{q}\rangle/N$... |
2,121,713,845,526 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Reproducibility and replicability are two of the defining features of modern science. Within the field of CMB cosmology, this has most typically been realized in the form of competition between different experiments, each trying to measure the same sky signal but with d... |
2,121,713,845,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Dark energy cosmology has been one of the most active fields
in astronomy and physics, since the exciting discovery of
current accelerated expansion of our universe~\cite{r1}.
The first evidence came from the observation of Type~Ia
supernovae (SNIa) in 1998~\cite{r2}. Five years ... |
2,121,713,845,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The limit laws of linearly normalized partial maxima $M_n=\max(X_1,\cdots, X_n)$ of independent and identically distributed (iid) random variables (rvs) $X_1,X_2,\ldots,$ with common distribution function (df) $F,$ namely,
\begin{equation}\label{Introduction_e1}
\lim_{n\to\infty}\Pr(M_n\leq a_nx... |
2,121,713,845,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[hbt!]
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[width=2\columnwidth]{fig/framework-01.pdf}
\par\end{centering}
\caption{\label{fig:framework}
Schematic illustration of our proposed framework.
In the inference process of $N$-way-$m$-shot FSL task with unlabeled data,
we embed each inst... |
2,121,713,845,530 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Radio-frequency (RF) carpets and funnels are structures used in mass
spectrometry~\cite{kim2000design,shaffer1997novel} and gas-phase
stopper cells for nuclear physics~\cite{schury2016status,savard2008radioactive} that
apply a rapidly switching voltage to generate ion levitation and transport
in... |
2,121,713,845,531 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In this work, we address the problem of estimating a vector $\mathbf{x}$ from an observation $\mathbf{y}$,
\begin{equation}
y(i) = x(i) + w(i),
\ i \in \mathbb{Z}_N = \{0, \dots, N-1\},
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{w}$ is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN).
We assume that $\mathbf{x}$ is a... |
2,121,713,845,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SI}
Let $n\geq 3$. For a smooth Riemannian $n$-manifold $(X,\gamma)$ and a symmetric 2-tensor $k$ on $X$, the \emph{constraint equations} for $\gamma,k$ are
\begin{equation}
\label{EqICE}
\begin{cases}
R_\gamma - |k|_\gamma^2 + (\operatorname{tr}_\gamma k)^2 = 2\Lambda, \\
\delt... |
2,121,713,845,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The present work is devoted to consideration of the consequences for neutron star (NS) phenomenology that would follow from the existence of a possible stable sexaquark (S) state with the quark content $uuddss$.
The S is an electrically neutral spin-less boson with baryon number $B_S=2$ and str... |
2,121,713,845,534 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (GR) continues to pass many cosmological and astrophysical tests, reinforcing its position as the standard description of gravitational interactions in cosmological models. The concordance cosmological model, \lcdm, is built around GR plus the standard mode... |
2,121,713,845,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Schr\"{o}dinger operators are used for modelling a particle confined in a
quantum-mechanical system. Depending on a potential which describes how
the particle interacts with its environment, one can consider a wide range
of physical situations. In this paper, we are particularly interested
in p... |
2,121,713,845,536 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A large body of evidence pertaining to the existence of nonbaryonic cold dark matter (CDM) has been established over
the past several decades, including the large-scale distribution of galaxies (\cite{abazajian}), the study of primordial light
element abundances (\cite{cyburt04}), galactic rota... |
2,121,713,845,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Because of their fluidity and flexilibity, biomembranes can adopt a variety of morphologies \cite{Zimmerberg06,Dimova06}. Among these morphologies are membrane tubules with typical diameters of tens of nanometers. In biological cells, membrane tubules are stabilized by the adsorption of scaffol... |
2,121,713,845,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By utilizing quantum mechanical effects, such as superposition and entanglement, quantum metrology can achieve better precision limit than classical metrology. There is now a good understanding on the local precision limit for single-parameter quantum estimation, where the precision limit can be ... |
2,121,713,845,539 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG) [DI-18-335/New Theoretical Models for Dark Matter Exploration].
|
2,121,713,845,540 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we use $\chi(G)$ to denote the chromatic number of a simple graph $G$. It is well-known that $\Delta+1$ is a trivial upper bound for $\chi(G)$, where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of $G$. The famous Brooks' Theorem states that if the maximum degree of a connected graph $G$ is $\D... |
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