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2,869,038,155,328 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and results}
Spectral invariants were introduced in Viterbo's seminal work \cite{Viterbo:Generating}. Since their appearance they have become one of the most fundamental tools of quantitative symplectic topology. We do not intend to give an overview of its development and many applications here; ... |
2,869,038,155,329 | arxiv | \section{\modelName for missing-at-random scenario}
\label{app: MAR}
In this section, we briefly explain why \modelName can handle MAR problem by leveraging the results from \citet{rubin1976inference}. Let's denote $\boldsymbol{r}_i$ as the missing mask, where $r_{i,d}=1$ indicates $x_{i,d}$ is observed. For the random... |
2,869,038,155,330 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{onsider} the classical classification setup \cite[p2]{dgl}: Let $(X,Y), (X_1,Y_1), \cdots (X_n,Y_n) \overset{iid}{\sim} F_{XY}$,
where feature vector $X$ lives in $\Re^d$ and class label $Y$ lives in $[K] = \{1,\cdots,K\}$.
Denote the training data by $\... |
2,869,038,155,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a coin that turns heads (denoted by 0) with probability $p$, thus the
probability of turning tails (1) being $q=1-p$, the von Neumann's trick takes
two coin flips and returns output by the following rule \cite{VonNeumann51}:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:vNrule}
00\mapsto \lambda,\; 01\mapsto 0... |
2,869,038,155,332 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Social media has exploded as a category of online discourse where people create content, share it, bookmark it and network at a prodigious rate. Examples include Facebook, MySpace, Digg, Twitter and JISC listservs on the academic side. Because of its ease of use, speed and reach, social medi... |
2,869,038,155,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Infinite particle systems are the mathematical framework to describe complex systems of interacting individual objects or agents, like molecules in a liquid, stars in a galaxy, individuals in a population. The elementary states of the systems are all countable collections of points in $\mathbb{R... |
2,869,038,155,334 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Idiomatic expressions present a challenge to Large Language Models (LLMs) as their meaning cannot necessarily be derived from the composition of their component tokens, a trait that LLMs often exploit to create representations of multi-word expressions. The lack of compositionality leads to poo... |
2,869,038,155,335 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{quote}
``You've got 500 codes first and then you've got notes everywhere all over them.'' (P05)
\end{quote}
Hours of interviews and observations, pages of transcripts and field notes, and the large number of codes, labels, and post-it notes that follow are a familiar sight to any qu... |
2,869,038,155,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian method introduced by
\citet{L1977} and \citet{GM1977} that is frequently used for simulating
astrophysical fluid problems, for example for star and galaxy formation
and supernovae. However, it has also been used outside of astrophysics,
f... |
2,869,038,155,337 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(S,\Sigma,\mu)$ be a probability space and $P(x,A)$ a transition probability on
$S\times\Sigma$ with Markov operator $Pf(x):= \int f(y)P(x,dy)$ for bounded measurable $f$.
We call $P$ {\it bi-stochastic} on $(S,\Sigma,\mu)$ when $\mu$ is {\it invariant} for $P$, i.e.
$\int P(x,A)d\mu(x... |
2,869,038,155,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many control systems in application domains as diverse as electrical engineering, mechanics, or thermodynamics can be written as port-Hamilto\-nian systems \cite{Brogliato07,Duindam2009,Jacob2012,van2014port}. In recent years, an implicit description of the energy properties \cite{Schaft2020_Dira... |
2,869,038,155,339 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the field of neuroscience, it is generally acknowledged that neurons are the basic units of information processing in the brain.
They do this by generating characteristic
very short duration and highly peaked electric
action potentials, or more simply spikes, in its body [see, for example,... |
2,869,038,155,340 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A magnetic geodesic flow of the Riemannian metric $ds^2=g_{ij}dx^idx^j$ on a 2-surface is given by the Hamiltonian system
$$
\dot{x}^j = \{x^j,H\}_{mg}, \quad \dot{p}_j = \{p_j,H\}_{mg}, \quad H = \frac{1}{2} g^{ij} p_ip_j, \quad i,j=1,2, \eqno(1.1)
$$
the magnetic Poisson bracket has the form
$... |
2,869,038,155,341 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Though the standard model (SM) has been verified to be correct times
by times, many new physics beyond standard model are proposed to
solve both experimental and aesthetical problems, such as neutrino
masses, $\mu$ anomalous magnetic movement problem or hierarchy
problem, etc. Many new mod... |
2,869,038,155,342 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Emergency communications in disaster recovery and relief operation requires efficient, robust, and rapid communication networks to deliver data between disaster management headquarter and on-site teams. The efficiency and timeliness of the response is often contingent due to t... |
2,869,038,155,343 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{exam1.png}
\caption{A real-world example of fact-checking behavior. \emph{thebri\_animal} is a fact-checker, who corrects the false claim with a fact-checking URL/article containing factual evidences.}
\label{example}
\vspa... |
2,869,038,155,344 | arxiv | \chapter{THEOREM}
\\
\\
\marginparsep = 10pt
\marginparwidth = 10pt
\reversemarginpar
\marginpar{$\textcolor{red}{\bullet}$}
The real parts of all the nontrivial Riemann zeta function zeros $ \rho $ are equal $ Re\left(\rho\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}. $
\\
\\
\\
\chapter{PROOF:}
\\
\\\marginpar{$\textcolor{green}{\bullet}$}... |
2,869,038,155,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $F_\infty$ be the free group on a countable number of
generators and let $w$ be a non-trivial reduced
word in $F_\infty$ on $k$ generators, say $w=w(x_1,...,x_k)$.
Given a group $G$ we say that $w$ is an \textit{identity}, or
a \textit{law}, for $G$, if
$w(g_1,...,g_k)=1$ for every ... |
2,869,038,155,346 | arxiv | \section{Electronic Submission}
\label{submission}
Submission to ICML 2020 will be entirely electronic, via a web site
(not email). Information about the submission process and \LaTeX\ templates
are available on the conference web site at:
\begin{center}
\textbf{\texttt{http://icml.cc/}}
\end{center}
The guidelines b... |
2,869,038,155,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a Kerr black hole of mass $M$ and dimensionless spin $a/M=1-\epsilon^2$, with $\epsilon\ll 1$; and send a particle of rest mass $\mu\ll M$ into the black hole along the equatorial plane. Ignore back-reaction effects on the particle's motion, and assume it follows a geodesic of the Kerr ... |
2,869,038,155,348 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Expansions in integer negative base $-b$, where $b \geqslant 2$,
seem to have been introduced by Gr\"unwald in~\cite{Grunwald},
and rediscovered by several authors, see the historical comments given by Knuth~\cite{Knu}.
The choice of a negative base $-b$ and of the alphabet $\{0,\ldots,b-1\}$ is... |
2,869,038,155,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The task of knowledge-aided dialogue response generation aims to find useful knowledge for an on-going conversation to help a chatbot generate more relevant and engaging responses.
This is an important direction for dialogue response generation due to three advantages: (1) it allows a dialogue ... |
2,869,038,155,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solar cycles are asymmetric with respect to their maxima, the rise time being
shorter than the decay time. While the cycle amplitude (peak value) and the duration have cycle-to-cycle variations, we find some correlations among different
quantities connected with the solar cycle. Since 1935, i... |
2,869,038,155,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Image-based plant phenotyping is a method by which scientists use image data to characterize and categorize plants within and across species. This process typically involves the use of tools, instrumentation, and domain expertise to (i) measure information from individua... |
2,869,038,155,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When $\Gamma$ is a finitely generated group, one may form its $\SL{2}{\C}$-character variety, which is an algebraic set parametrizing representations $\Gamma \rightarrow \SL{2}{\C}$. Work of Thurston and Culler-Shalen (\cite{CullerShalen}) introduced the character variety to the study of the geo... |
2,869,038,155,353 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
\textbf{Motivation:} Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of using non-numerical, qualitative data to parameterize mathematical models. However, uncertainty quantification (UQ) of such parameterized models has remained challenging because of a lack of a statistical interpretation of the obj... |
2,869,038,155,354 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) \cite{le1990handwritten} currently play an important role in the deep learning and computer vision fields. In the past several years, researchers have revealed that CNNs can give the state-of-the-art performance in many computer vision tasks, es... |
2,869,038,155,355 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stars are detectable as X-ray sources at several important stages of their
lives. Pre-main sequence stars are X-ray sources because of
their enhanced magnetic activity \citep{pf05}. Massive OB and Wolf-Rayet stars
produce X-rays through shocks in their stellar winds \citep{ber97,gagne05},
and po... |
2,869,038,155,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The unidentified $\gamma$-ray source HESS~J1943+213 is intriguing because of its low Galactic latitude ($-1\fdg29$). It could be the first BL Lac object to be observed through the Galactic plane. Proving on the other hand that HESS~J1943+213 is a pulsar wind nebula (PWN), residing in a supernova ... |
2,869,038,155,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The notion of quantum entanglement plays a key role in the current
study of quantum information and quantum computation theory. There
are two main criteria to distinguish entanglement from separable
states: The PPT criterion \cite{choi-ppt, peres} tells us that the
partial transpose of a s... |
2,869,038,155,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Sect01}
Imminent earthquake prediction is a difficult problem. Only
long-term (years to decades) and medium-term (months to years)
predictions are regarded possible at present, while imminent/short
term predictions are commonly thought to be negative
\footnote{Approaches seismologists hav... |
2,869,038,155,359 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The 4 m International Liquid Mirror Telescope (ILMT) which will observe in the
Time Delayed Integration (TDI) mode is expected to be commissioned soon on the
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) site in Devasthal,
India (Surdej et al. 2018). The ILMT will be repeated... |
2,869,038,155,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
Magnetic Resonance (MR) images are obtained by means of a technique based on magnetic fields where
frequencies in the range of radio waves (8--130 MHz) are used.
This technique obtains medical images with the maximum level of detail so far.
In recent years, MR images became es... |
2,869,038,155,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the AdS/CFT correspondence was proposed\cite{juan}, an important question has been how it can be read to determine properties of the bulk theory from CFT quantities. There has been an enormous amount of investigation of various aspects of the boundary behavior that are implied by differen... |
2,869,038,155,362 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $q$-entropy has been one of the simplest in functional form, and probably the most studied, nonadditive entropic functional in the Stastitical Physics
literature during the last thirty years.
Initially it was introduced in Information Theory and Statistics, and after it was re-discove... |
2,869,038,155,363 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
The mechanism of hadronization, \textit{i.e.}, the conversion of quarks and gluons
produced in hadronic or electromagnetic reactions into colorless
hadrons, is a non-perturbative problem that is presently not calculable
within the theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromody... |
2,869,038,155,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In array processing, the covariance matrix $\mathbf{R}$ of the data is widely involved for main applications as filtering~\cite{ReMaBr74,Wa94}, radar/sonar detection~\cite{ScFr94} or localization~\cite{Sc86,RoKa89}. However, when the disturbance in the data is composed of the sum of a Low Rank~(L... |
2,869,038,155,365 | arxiv | \subsection*{Tight Second Law}
In this work, we derive a generalized formula which incorporates both of those microscopic effects and makes the inequality tight. We
reveal that for arbitrary protocol $\hat \rho_S \otimes \hat \tau_B \otimes \hat \rho_W \to \hat U \hat \rho_S \otimes \hat \tau_B \otimes \hat \rho_W \hat... |
2,869,038,155,366 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $Q\equiv (q_k)$ be a fixed sequence of positive integers, $q_k>1$, $\Theta_k$ be a sequence of the sets $\Theta_k\equiv\{0,1,\dots ,q_k-1\}$, and $\varepsilon_k\in\Theta_k$.
The Cantor series expansion
\begin{equation}
\label{eq: Cantor series}
\frac{\varepsilon_1}{q_1}+\frac{\va... |
2,869,038,155,367 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We believe that Non Archimedean Mathematics (NAM), namely, mathematics based
on Non Archimedean Fields is very interesting, very rich and, in many
circumstances, allows to construct models of the physical world in a more
elegant and simple way. In the years around 1900, NAM was investigated... |
2,869,038,155,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In 2+1 flavor QCD, there exist two first order phase transition regions in the quark mass parameter space.
When all the three quarks are massless, the chiral phase transition is first order.
Many studies have been made to determine the critical mass where the first order transi... |
2,869,038,155,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our focus is on data classification problems in which only a \textit{binary} representation of the data is available. Such binary representations may arise under a variety of circumstances. In some cases, they may arise naturally due to compressive acquisition. For example, distributed systems ma... |
2,869,038,155,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A basic notion in mesoscopic physics is that the measurement of a voltage at
some point in the sample is an invasive act, which may destroy the phase
coherence throughout the whole sample. B\"uttiker introduced a simple but
realistic model for a voltage probe,\cite{Buettiker1} and used it to
inv... |
2,869,038,155,371 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is now well established that a bar rotating in a halo loses angular
momentum through dynamical friction. This topic has received a lot of
attention recently for two important reasons: (1) it offers a
constraint on the density of the DM halo (Debattista \& Sellwood 1998,
2000), and (2) it may ... |
2,869,038,155,372 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Future large scale structure surveys will be able to measure with
percent precision the parameters governing the evolution of matter
perturbations. While we have the tools to investigate the standard model, the next challenge is to... |
2,869,038,155,373 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction}
The calculation of the spectral properties of an exciton trapped in a
semiconductor nano-structure is a long standing problem. Even in the case of
the most simple model used to study this system, {\em i.e.} the one
band effective mass approximation (EMA), there is a n... |
2,869,038,155,374 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a smooth dynamical system $(M,f)$, where $M$ is a compact smooth manifold and $f$ is a $C^2$ diffeomorphism over $M$. Among all $f$-invariant Borel probabilities, we are interesting in finding measures that reflect the chaotic properties of $f$ from the viewpoints of entropies and Lyapun... |
2,869,038,155,375 | arxiv | \section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LP-WANs) are gaining increasing attention in both the industry and academia, because of the advantages of long-range coverage, low energy consumption, and low deployment cost. Among LP-WANs technologies, LoRa is one of the leading emergen... |
2,869,038,155,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:int}
The expansion of the solar corona into interplanetary space was predicted in 1958 by Parker's classic model \citep{parker1958apj}. Soon after, in-situ spacecraft measurements \citep{neugebauer1966jgr} confirmed that the interplanetary region is pervaded by solar plasma flowing at s... |
2,869,038,155,377 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Determination of a particle's trajectory in a turbulent flow field requires an equation that satisfies the Navier--Stokes equation and accounts for all relevant forces. The first attempt was made by Stokes for a sphere moving slowly with a uniform velocity in a viscous fluid of unlimited extent t... |
2,869,038,155,378 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
3D Dirac semimetals are 3D analogs of graphene \cite{Geim}. Their conduction
and valence bands touch only at discrete (Dirac) points in the Brillouin zone with
the electron states described by the 3D massless Dirac equation.
Each Dirac point in momentum space is composed... |
2,869,038,155,379 | arxiv | \section{Background} \label{sec:back}
In this section we describe our data model and privacy conditions. We also review the fundamentals of the matrix mechanism, including error measurement and the problem of strategy selection. \revision{}{Throughout the paper, we use the notation of linear algebra and employ standar... |
2,869,038,155,380 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As our ability to measure galaxy evolution has grown, so has the possibility
of observing how galaxy clustering has evolved. On various linear scales,
this is relevant to the merger rate of both galaxies (and perhaps their
smaller progenitors) and groups, and to cosmological parameters. As
revie... |
2,869,038,155,381 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two-dimensional (2d) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been investigated as a possible route toward producing well-controlled optical emitters, critical components in quantum technologies and photonics \cite{gabel2021imaging,dhakal2017local,branny2017deterministic,cho2021highly,turunen... |
2,869,038,155,382 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the current digital era, streaming data is ubiquitous. In the context of Industrial Internet of Things, remote health monitoring services driven by sensor driven data analytics are becoming increasingly popular. Data-driven approaches for anomaly detection, diagnostics, prognostics and optimiz... |
2,869,038,155,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In his book ``Proximal Flows''~\cite[Section~\RNum{2}.3, p.\ 19]{glasner1976proximal} Glasner
defines the notion of a {\em strongly amenable group}: A group is
strongly amenable if each of its proximal actions on a compact
space has a fixed point. A continuous action $G \curvearrowright X$ of a
... |
2,869,038,155,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the standard hierarchical paradigm, the morphological mix of massive galaxies is predicted to change from rotationally-supported discs to dispersion-dominated spheroids over cosmic time \citep[e.g.][]{Butcher1984,Dressler1997,Conselice2014}. Observations generally support this picture. While ... |
2,869,038,155,385 | arxiv | \section{Superconducting Phase Qubit Device and the Generation of Microwave Drive Signal}
\label{sec1}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{fig1_supp.eps}
\caption{(a) Schematic diagram of our experimental setup including the room-temperature control and the low-temperature phase qub... |
2,869,038,155,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Recently, Greene~\cite{17G} and Howie~\cite{17Ho}, independently, established
intrinsic characterizations of alternating links in terms of a pair of spanning surfaces,
answering an old question of R.\ H.\ Fox.
These results can be regarded as characterizations of alternating lin... |
2,869,038,155,387 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a sequence $S=(s_1,\ldots,s_N)$ with $s_i=\pm 1$. The
autocorrelations of $S$ are defined as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:def-Ck}
C_k(S) = \sum_{i=1}^{N-k} s_i s_{i+k}
\end{equation}
for $k=0,1,\ldots,N-1$, and the ``energy'' of $S$ is defined as the sum
of the squares of all off-pe... |
2,869,038,155,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The response of many soft matter materials to deformations includes a viscous and an elastic
component, thereby giving rise to the category of viscoelastic materials.
Many experimental techniques have been developed throughout the years to investigate these
unique properties, in both the linear ... |
2,869,038,155,389 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec: intro}
Given polynomials $p, q \in {\mathbb{R}}[\mathsf{x}] := {\mathbb{R}}[x_1, \dots, x_n]$
where all the coefficients of $p$ are nonnegative, Handelman
\cite{Handelman86} gave a necessary and sufficient condition
(reproduced as Theorem
\ref{thm: HandelmanCharacterization} below) f... |
2,869,038,155,390 | arxiv | \section{The goal of the present paper.}
\label{sec1}
\noindent
Let \(A\in\mathfrak{H}_n\) and \(B\in\mathfrak{M}_n\). In the present paper
we consider the matrix function \(L(t)=e^{tA+B}\) of the complex variable \(t\).
We show that this function is representable as the bilateral Laplace transform of
some matrix valu... |
2,869,038,155,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and problem delineation}\label{section:intro}
A process $N=(N_t)_{t\in [0,\infty)}$ in continuous time is a homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) of intensity $c\in (0,\infty)$, by definition, if it is a counting process (i.e. if it has values in $\mathbb{N}_0\cup\{\infty\}$ and right-continuous nond... |
2,869,038,155,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Contrary to the heteronuclear alkali diatomic molecules (e.g.
\cite{Pashov:05,Docenko:06,Staanum:07}), the lowest triplet state
a$^3\Sigma^+_{u}$ of the homonuclear ones is much less accurately
characterized.
The experimental data in this case are either fragmentary
or from low r... |
2,869,038,155,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Automatic skin disease detection would be valuable for both patients and doctors, and there has been success of applying deep supervised learning and CNN to the field of dermatology\cite{esteva2017dermatologist}. These models have large number of parameters and require large-scale labeled dataset... |
2,869,038,155,394 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The growth-optimal portfolio (GOP) is a portfolio which has a maximal expected growth rate (namely log-return) over any time horizon. As the GOP can be usually tracked to the work \cite{K1956}, it is also called the ``Kelly criterion''. The GOP can also be obtained by maximizing log-utility which... |
2,869,038,155,395 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
In this paper, we consider the following nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation
\begin{equation}\label{equ:double}
\begin{cases}
i\partial_tu+\Delta u+|u|^{\frac{4}{3}}u
+\mu\left(|x|^{-2}*|u|^2\right)u=0,\,\,t\in\mathbb{R},\,x\in\mathbb{R}^3,\\
u(0,x)=u_0(x)\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^3),
\end{case... |
2,869,038,155,396 | arxiv | \section{Gory Details}
\end{document}
\section{Tracking Data Intellectual Property Using Adversarial Perturbation in Fourier Domain}
\begin{figure*}[t!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.9\textwidth]{figure/overview.pdf}
\caption{Overview of \textsc{DeepTaster}\xspace.}
\label{fig:overview1}
\end{... |
2,869,038,155,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and background}
The closeness of $5'$ and $3'$ ends of RNA molecules has distinct
biological significance, for instance for the replication efficiency
of single stranded RNA viruses or the efficient translation of
messenger RNA molecules. It is speculated in \citep{Yoffe} that this
effectiv... |
2,869,038,155,398 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
The ultraviolet (UV) spectral slope, $\beta$, where $f_\lambda\propto
\lambda^\beta$, is by far the most commonly used indicator of dust
obscuration---usually parameterized as the ratio of the infrared-to-UV
luminosity, $L_{\rm IR}/L_{\rm UV}$, or ``IRX'' \citep{calzetti9... |
2,869,038,155,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Prior work has demonstrated how online supervised learning with labeled data can be used for tasks such as rapid, event-driven learning from neuromorphic sensor data \cite{stewart2020online}.
However, real-world data is unlabeled and, in the case of classification, can have classes that were not ... |
2,869,038,155,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The human population gets along with different microorganisms. Some of them lead to transmitted diseases that result in epidemics, even pandemics such as SARS-Cov-2. It is very important to define reliable measures to characterize the spread of those pathogens, both at the beginning and in the co... |
2,869,038,155,401 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Quenched disorder has a profound effect on the low-energy, low-temperature and long
wavelength properties of quantum systems. The interplay between quantum fluctuations,
correlations and disorder fluctuations generally results in strong singularities in the
thermodynamical quan... |
2,869,038,155,402 | arxiv | \section{The Free Particle}
In classical statistical mechanics, a particle is described in terms
of a nonnegative phase space distribution
\begin{equation}
P(x,p;t) \ge 0.
\label{eq:posdist}
\end{equation}
This is the probability of the particle having position $x$ and
momentum $p$ at the time $t$. The time evolutio... |
2,869,038,155,403 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:1}
It is well known that $B$ meson rare decays provide us an abundant source of information on QCD, $CP$ violation and new physics (NP) beyond the Standard Model (SM). In recent years, the anomalies such as $R(D^{(*)})$ and $R_{K^{(*)}}$ observed in semileptonic $B$ meson rare decays a... |
2,869,038,155,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Clusters of galaxies are large bound systems that evolve from
large-scale fluctuations, making their existence at large redshifts an
important constraint on cosmological models. They are also ideal sites
to study galaxy evolution, once systems at different redshifts are
available. Combined, the... |
2,869,038,155,405 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\label{intro}
It has long been known that particles flowing at a finite Reynolds number ($Re$) can passively migrate laterally across streamlines and focus at stable equilibrium locations \cite{Segre1961} within confined systems as a result of nonlinear fluid stresses on the particle \cite{Ho19... |
2,869,038,155,406 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\bf (a) Relevance of quantum criticality in the cuprates}
The unusually high superconducting transition temperature of the hole doped
cuprates~\citep{bednorz_muller}
remains an unsolved puzzle, despite more than two decades of intense theoretical and
experimental research. Pairing, w... |
2,869,038,155,407 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\vspace{-.1in}
Human Motion analysis is an important topic in the computer vision community. Recent advances in human-related application systems bring new human-centered challenges such as driver behavior recognition~\cite{drive_and_act_2019_iccv}, crowd pose estimation for crowd motion analy... |
2,869,038,155,408 | arxiv | \section*{Keywords}
Blockchain; Distributed Ledger Technology; Smart Contracts; Defence Support Network; Supply Chain
\end{abstract}
\chapter{Acknowledgements}
My first thanks must go to my dissertation supervisor: Dr Duncan Hodges. His contribution to this research can only be adequately described as `Nelsonian'... |
2,869,038,155,409 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A symplectic structure on a Lie algebra $\g$ is a nondegenerate 2-cocycle $\omega\in\wedge^2\g^*$. The underlying structure of a symplectic Lie algebra is a quadratic pre-Lie algebra \cite{Chu}. An almost product structure on a Lie algebra $\g$ is a linear map $E$ satisfying $E^2=\Id$. If in a... |
2,869,038,155,410 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Weak-field limits of theories involving long-range modifications of gravity recently put forth to address the issues of dark energy and dark matter \citep{DGP,All05,NvA05,NvA06,NvA06b,Apo06,Cap06,Noj07} are important because such exotic corrections to the Newtonian potential allow, ... |
2,869,038,155,411 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is presently a strong interest in computation and information
processing based on fundamental principles of quantum mechanics
\cite{Nielsen}. Quantum information technology has the potential both
to address problems that can not be solved by standard, classical
information technology as we... |
2,869,038,155,412 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In order to constrain models of structure formation and to investigate the
star formation history of the universe, large samples of galaxies at
high redshift are needed. The clustering properties on large scales at these
high redshifts can only be studied with contiguous ... |
2,869,038,155,413 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this article $X$ stands for a Banach space, the symbol $B(X)$ denotes the space of bounded linear operators defined on $X$, and $X^*$ is the space of continuous linear functionals on $X$.
Given $T\in B(X)$, we denote the Cesàro mean by
$$
M_n(T)x:=\frac{1}{n+1}\sum_{k=0}... |
2,869,038,155,414 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Local Volume of the Universe amounts to almost a thousand galaxies having distance estimates within 11~Mpc\footnote{http://www.sao.ru/lv/lvgdb} (Karachentsev et al. 2013).
Near the far edge of this volume at a distance of 9.55~Mpc (McQuinn et al. 2016) there is a bright galaxy M\,104 (a... |
2,869,038,155,415 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Complexity and hierarchy}
Complex systems with emergent properties produced by self-organization processes are also most of the time exhibiting some kind of hierarchical structure. Although the term of hierarchy has several different definitions and uses in very different disciplin... |
2,869,038,155,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In normal metal / supercunductor (N/S) junctions Andreev reflection (AR)\cite{Andreev} is one of the most important process for low energy transport. The AR is a process that an electron with up spin injected from N at the energy below the energy gap $\Delta$ is converted into a reflected hole w... |
2,869,038,155,417 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider spatially periodic, incompressible viscous fluids governed by the Navier-Stokes equations
\begin{eqnarray}\label{NSE}
\partial_t {{u}}^\nu + \nabla \cdot ({{u}}^\nu\otimes {{u}}^\nu) \!\! &=& \!\! -\nabla p^\nu + \nu \Delta {{u}}^\nu + f^\nu,\\ \label{incom}
\nabla \cdot u^\nu \!\... |
2,869,038,155,418 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
The lure of Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) is that the Standard Model (SM) gauge symmetry, $SU(3)_c \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$, is unified into a single gauge group, so that the three SM gauge interactions originate from a single theory.
Accordingly, the SM quarks and l... |
2,869,038,155,419 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\input{introduction.tex}
\vspace{-5pt}
\section{Problem Formulation}
\vspace{-5pt}
\label{sec:ProblemFormulation}
\input{problemFormulation.tex}
\section{STATISTICAL DETECTION}
\label{sec:proposedMethod}
\input{proposedMethod.tex}
\section{Experiments and Results}
\label{s... |
2,869,038,155,420 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The `Diffuse Ionized Medium' (DIM) is recognized
as an important component of the ISM in galaxies.
This gas, first discovered as
the `Reynolds Layer' in our Galaxy (see, e.g. Reynolds 1990 for a review),
seems to be ubiquitous in late-type spiral (e.g. Hoopes et al. 1996;
Wang, Heckman \& Lehner... |
2,869,038,155,421 | arxiv | \section{Phenomenology versus Theory}
The most intriguing phenomena of hadron physics are confinement as well as
dynamical and anomalous chiral symmetry breaking. Despite the fact that the
theory of the Strong Interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD),
is known since decades we still lack a fundamental understandi... |
2,869,038,155,422 | arxiv |
\section*{Content}
Text and results for this section, as per the individual journal's instructions for authors.
\section*{Section title}
Text for this section\ldots
\subsection*{Sub-heading for section}
Text for this sub-heading\ldots
\subsubsection*{Sub-sub heading for section}
Text for this sub-sub-heading\ldots
\... |
2,869,038,155,423 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A black hole (BH) can be defined as the region $\mathcal{B}$ of the total
space-time $\mathcal{M}$ which does not overlap with the causal past
of future null infinity $J^- (\mathscr{I}^+)$~\cite{poi}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{B} = \mathcal{M} - J^- (\mathscr{I}^+) \, .
\end{eqnarray}
The {\... |
2,869,038,155,424 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the Euclidean bounce solution of a scalar field theory has been
introduced for a description of first-order phase transition, the scalar
sector of a given model determines mainly the metastable decay
process~\cite{Col,CC}. For cosmological phase transitions in the early
universe, two more i... |
2,869,038,155,425 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a statistical decision problem
in which
$\mathcal{X}$ is a sample space,
$\Theta$ is a parameter space,
and
$\mathcal{P}$ is a statistical model $\{P_{\theta}:\theta\in\Theta\}$
such that for each $\theta\in\Theta$, $P_{\theta}$ is a probability measure on $\mathcal{X}$.
Let ... |
2,869,038,155,426 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction}
Superstring perturbation theory instructs us to compute scattering amplitudes $\A_{g,n}$ as integrals of correlations functions of vertex operators over the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ of genus-$g$ Riemann surfaces with $n$ punctures. Schematically, the formula encou... |
2,869,038,155,427 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Industrial processes such as thermal processes and transport-reaction processes can all be modeled by DPSs, whose system input, output, and parameters can change in both time and space domain, which can be concluded as the S-T dynamics~\cite{li2010modeling,wang2018incremental,wang2019reinforceme... |
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