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2,869,038,155,528
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{Sections_gaming/1_Introduction/introduction} \input{Sections_gaming/2_Background/background} \input{Sections_gaming/3_Database/database} \input{Sections_gaming/4_Study/study} \input{Sections_gaming/5_data_process/data_process} \input{Sections_gaming/6_performance/pe...
2,869,038,155,529
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Since the classic paper by \cite{partridge_peebles67}, intense observational efforts have focused on the search for Ly-$\alpha$ emitters at high redshifts. Although most of the early attempts ended in negative results before the mid 1990s, recent observational advances enabl...
2,869,038,155,530
arxiv
\bigskip{\bigskip} \def\medskip{\medskip} \newcommand\al{\alpha} \newcommand\Ga{\Gamma} \newcommand\de{\delta} \newcommand\ep{\epsilon} \newcommand\vep{\varepsilon} \newcommand\ka{{\kappa}} \newcommand\la{\lambda} \newcommand\La{\Lambda} \newcommand\om{\omega} \newcommand\Om{\Omega} \newcommand\Omi{{\rm O}} \n...
2,869,038,155,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many recent advances in deep neural networks have led to significant improvement in the quality of abstractive summarization \cite{radford2019language, gehrmann-etal-2019-generating, lewis2019bart}. Despite this progress, there are still many limitations facing neural text summarization \cite{kr...
2,869,038,155,532
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For many applications, for example artistic rendering and sculpting, a few subdivision steps provide a pleasing rounding of the original polyhedral shape. The simplicity of subdivision with small, local stencils (refinement rules) is appealing and, in particular Catmull-Clark subdivision \ci...
2,869,038,155,533
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spin-based qubits, owing to their long coherence times and individual coherent manipulation, are promising candidates for building blocks of quantum information processors.\cite{wuReview,buluta104401,loss120,hanson1217,zwanenburg961} A conventional spin qubit can be simply realized via Zeeman spl...
2,869,038,155,534
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Of the 151 nearby stars known to harbor one or more planets, 19 are well-characterized multiple-planet systems, and an additional 24 show radial velocity (RV) residuals indicative of additional companions \citep{Butler06}. For instance, \citet{Vogt05} reported additional companions around five...
2,869,038,155,535
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A recent renaissance of interest in pairing correlations in atomic nuclei is linked to the search for a reliable microscopic theory for describing the structure of medium mass nuclei around the $N=Z$ line where protons and neutrons occupy the same major shell and their mutual interactions are exp...
2,869,038,155,536
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For any punctured Riemann surface one can define an invariant, its wrapped Fukaya category (Abouzaid et al. \cite{abouzaid2013homological}) or topological Fukaya category (Haiden-Katzarkov-Kontsevich in \cite{haiden2014flat} or Dyckerhoff-Kapranov \cite{dyckerhoff2013triangulated}). As its sec...
2,869,038,155,537
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ultrasound elastography (USE) is a technique for detecting alterations in mechanical properties of tissue using ultrasound imaging, which is a widely available modality and offers the additional advantage of being non-invasive and low cost. As such, USE may help in early diagnosis and improves th...
2,869,038,155,538
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_1} We are concerned with blowup solutions to the semilinear heat equation. \begin{equation}\label{eq1.1} \begin{cases} u_t = \Delta u+|u|^{p-1}u-|u|^{q-1}u & \text{in } \R^n\times(0,T),\\ u|_{t=0}=u_0(x) & \text{on } \R^n. \end{cases} \end{equation} The expone...
2,869,038,155,539
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we extend the construction given in \cite{2} to the level of decorated representations of algebras with potentials realized via completed tensor algebras. Instead of working with a quiver, we consider the algebra of formal power series $\mathcal{F}_{S}(M)$ where $S=\displaystyle \p...
2,869,038,155,540
arxiv
\section{Generalities} The RVS is a slitless spectrograph whose spectral domain is 847-874 nm and resolving power $R \sim 11500$. The expected accuracy is 1 km s$^{-1}$ for F0 to K0 stars brighter than V$=13$, and for K1 to K4 stars brighter than V$=14$. The main scientific objectives of RVS are the chemistry and ...
2,869,038,155,541
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When molecules are adsorbed on metal surfaces, their electronic states are strongly perturbed by hybridization, charge transfer and screening \cite{Lu2004, Thygesen2009, Braun2009,Tautz2007}. These effects lead to a broadening and shifting of the molecular resonances \cite{Torrente2008}. Often t...
2,869,038,155,542
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The microlensing signal of a planet is a short-duration perturbation on the smooth standard light curve of the primary-induced lensing event occurring on a background source star. The planetary perturbation is induced by the central and planetary caustics, which are typically separated from each...
2,869,038,155,543
arxiv
\section{Proof of the First Zonklar Equation} \ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff \newpage \fi \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{R}{obots}, in particular mobile robots, are expected to perform complex and highly dynamic maneuvers in unknown environments~\cite{mobilerobotssurvey,Thrun...
2,869,038,155,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has long been recognized that the structure of social networks plays an important role in the dynamics of disease propagation. Networks showing the ``small-world'' effect~\cite{Kocken89,Watts99}, where the number of ``degrees of separation'' between any two members of a given population is sm...
2,869,038,155,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Object pose estimation in 6 degrees of freedom (DoF) plays a key role in a variety of down-stream applications (e.g., autonomous driving, robotic navigation, manipulation, and augmented reality), and has been extensively studied in computer vision and robotics communities~\cite...
2,869,038,155,546
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this paper, $M=\hy^n/\pi$ denotes a closed hyperbolic manifold with fundamental group $\pi$, and $N$ denotes an \emph{exotic smooth structure} (on $M$), i.e.\ a smooth manifold that is homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to $M$. Define the \emph{symmetry constant} of $N$ as the supremu...
2,869,038,155,547
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} The semileptonic $B\to D\ell\nu_\ell$ $(\ell=e,\mu, \tau)$ decays have attracted a lot of attention in extracting the exclusive Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $|V_{cb}|$. Especially, the substantial difference for the ratio ${\cal R}(D)={\rm Br}(B\to D\tau\n...
2,869,038,155,548
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The replicability of research findings is essential for the credibility of science. However, the scientific world is experiencing a crisis \citep{Begley2015} as the replicability rate of many fields appears to be alarmingly low. As a result, large scale replication projects, where original s...
2,869,038,155,549
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Adverse drug events (ADEs) are ``injuries resulting from medical intervention related to a drug'' \citep{NebekerBS04}, and are distinct from medication errors (inappropriate prescription, dispensing, usage etc.) as they are caused by drugs at normal dosages. According to the National Center for H...
2,869,038,155,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Massive neutrinos are our first and only undoubted evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). The evidence arises from a variety of neutrino experiments which have detected the effect of their mass via the flavour oscillation of neutrinos with energies ranging between tens of keV and ...
2,869,038,155,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Equilibrium statistical physics has been extremely successful, while accurate computation of physical averages in non-equilibrium systems remains a great challenge both theoretically and practically, due to the intrinsic difficulty of procuring the right statistical weight of various states ...
2,869,038,155,552
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Forecasting the motion of pedestrians in crowds is essential for autonomous systems like self-driving cars and social robots that will potentially co-exist with humans. To successfully predict how humans navigate in crowds, a forecasting model needs to tackle three crucial chal...
2,869,038,155,553
arxiv
\section{Convergence of \texttt{FedPVR}} \label{sec:proof} We first state the convergence theorem, then provide the proof for the convergence rate. \begin{remark} Proving convergence for a randomly picked iterate $\bar{\boldsymbol{x}}^R \in \{\boldsymbol{x}^r\}_{r=0}^{R}$ is equivalent to show the convergence of a (w...
2,869,038,155,554
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although the concept of pseudospin symmetry (PSS) in nuclear single-particle spectra has been introduced for more than 40 years, the origin of PSS and its breaking mechanism in realistic nuclei have not been fully understood. Basically, whether or not its nature is perturbative remains an open p...
2,869,038,155,555
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Attendance is a mandatory part of every class in colleges. Often, there is a minimum attendance requirement for courses taken by students. The simplest methods of taking attendance include roll-call or manually signing on a document. These methods are tedious and waste time and do not take advant...
2,869,038,155,556
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}} \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}} \def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or *\or 1\or 2\or 3\or 4\or 5\or 6\or 7 \or 8\ ...
2,869,038,155,557
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most intriguing features in Bose-condensed systems is the coherence of the macroscopic quantum phase of the order parameter. A Bose-Einstein condensate behaves as a quantum mechanical wave with a macroscopic quantum phase. The macroscopic quantum phase difference of a condensate trapp...
2,869,038,155,558
arxiv
\subsubsection{Odijk regime} If both $D_{\rm H} \ll \ell_{\rm P}$ and $D_{\rm W} \ll \ell_{\rm P}$, then it is impossible for the polymer to turn around completely. Instead, the polymer must stay almost parallel to the channel axis, undulating slightly from side to side. In this regime the statistics of the extension ...
2,869,038,155,559
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On July 4, 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) announced the discovery of a new particle with mass near $126$ GeV~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa}. The initial discovery and subsequent measurements indicate that this new particle looks very much li...
2,869,038,155,560
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We thank Edward Y. X. Ong, Eric M. Schwen and Stephen J. Thornton for valuable discussions, and Anton Paar for use of the MCR 702 rheometer through their VIP academic research program. For this work, IC, DL, IG, and MR were generously supported by NSF CBET award numbers: 2010118, 1804963, 1...
2,869,038,155,561
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The determination of stellar parameters, especially overall metallicity (denoted here $[{{\rm M}\over {\rm H}}]$ unless otherwise indicated) and detailed abundances of individual metals, in stars of remote Galactic and extra-galactic structures has become crucial to the study of galaxy formatio...
2,869,038,155,562
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 2014, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) \citep{b1} estimated 175 million undiagnosed cases of diabetes. This lack of diagnosis is compounded by the absence of statistics on diabetes-related deaths in many lower-and-middle-income countries (LMIC). The mortality data that is available ...
2,869,038,155,563
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction} Quantum cohomology of rational homogeneous spaces $\mathrm{G}/\mathrm{P}$ is a rich subject that received considerable attention in the last decades. A particular aspect that has been studied is the generic semisimplicity of the quantum cohomology and its connections...
2,869,038,155,564
arxiv
\section{Methods Summary} \subsection{Device design and fabrication} Devices were designed similarly to those in previous work\cite{mehta2017precise}. The grating designs exploit the reflection from the silicon substrate below to increase grating strength; a compromise between grating length and efficiency resulted in...
2,869,038,155,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Conversational agents, fueled by language understanding advancements enabled by large contextualized language models, are drawing considerable attention~\cite{anand2020conversational,zamani2022conversational}. Multi-turn conversations commence with a main topic and evolv...
2,869,038,155,566
arxiv
\section*{Results} \vspace{-0.3cm} \textbf{Cavity with several mechanical modes} The general Hamiltonian for $N$ mechanical resonators with frequencies $\omega_j$, individually coupled to a common cavity mode, written in a frame rotating with the pump, becomes \begin{align} \label{eq:h2} H = - \hbar \Delta a^\dag a + \...
2,869,038,155,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a barycenter of discrete random probability measures generated by a distribution. We refer to optimal transport (OT) metrics which provides a successful framework to compare objects that can be modeled as probability measures (images, video...
2,869,038,155,568
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum computers are expected to offer speedups over classical computers in solving various computational tasks. The recent demonstration of quantum computational advantage by Google researchers \cite{arute2019quantum} further strengthened the case for the practical potential of quantum comput...
2,869,038,155,569
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The weak equivalence principle (WEP) is a fundamental postulate of general relativity as well as of many other metric theories of gravity. One statement of the WEP is that the trajectory of any freely falling, uncharged test body does not depend on its internal structure and com...
2,869,038,155,570
arxiv
\section{Proof of Proposition 1}\label{app:relay_in_num_ant} If TX $i$ transmits $S_i\leq M$ data streams, then $M-S_i$ columns of $\bP_i$ are zeros. For example, in a system with 4 subcarriers where TX $i$ transmits 2 data streams spread over 3 subcarriers, $\bP_i$ has the following form, \begin{equation} \bP_i= \le...
2,869,038,155,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Statement of Main Results} In 1985, Bloom \cite{Bloom} proved a two-weight version of the celebrated commutator theorem of Coifman, Rochberg and Weiss \cite{CRW}. Specifically, \cite{Bloom} characterized the two-weight norm of the commutator $[b, H]$ with the Hilbert transform in terms of the...
2,869,038,155,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Composite materials now make up more than 50\% of a modern aircraft design by weight~\cite{krauklis2020composite}. This is due to higher specific strength and better fatigue properties for high tension components than conventional aluminium alternatives. Composite materials also have lower elec...
2,869,038,155,573
arxiv
\section{Employment Records as a Resource for Record-linkage in Organizational Social As large datasets on individual political behavior have become more common, scholars have focused increasing attention on the methodological problem of linking records from different sources \citep{Enamorado2019,Herzog2010,Larsen2...
2,869,038,155,574
arxiv
\section{\label{EOM}Equations of motion and their link to the 1D Dirac Equation} Consider a periodic array having two resonators per unit cell [Fig.~\ref{s1}(a)]. We define the displacement of each resonator $x_n(t)$ where $n$ represents the resonator index. From here, we can describe our system using the coupled-mod...
2,869,038,155,575
arxiv
\section{prime modular numbers} \begin{definition} Let $n \in N$ and $p_i, i=1..n$ the first n prime numbers.\newline The \textbf{prime modular numbers of level n} are tuples of length n defined by \begin{center} $PM(n) := \{\colvec{6}{t_1 \mod 2}{t_2 \mod 3}{t_3 \mod 5}{t_4 \mod 7}{...}{t_n \mod p_n}| t_i \i...
2,869,038,155,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Quantum information processing and quantum optics with superconducting circuits have been experimentally realized in the past two decades~\cite{Blais04, Wallraff04, Koch07, Gu17, Krantz19, Arute19}. The semi-one-dimensional architecture of circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) s...
2,869,038,155,577
arxiv
\section{Experiments}\label{sec:experiments} \iffalse \begin{table}[!t] \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \centering% \caption{Comparing results} \begin{tabular}{cc|c|c|c} Model & Mode & 1h & 2h & 3h\\ \hline Linear ? & U & 1,509 & 3,995 & 7,121 \\ MLP ? & U & 0,89...
2,869,038,155,578
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Hermitian connection on a Hermitian manifold $(M,J,g)$ is a connection which leaves both $J$ and $g$ parallel. Each Hermitian manifold admits plenty of these connections. Among them, there is only one whose torsion is totally skew-symmetric. This unique connection is called the Bismut connecti...
2,869,038,155,579
arxiv
\section{The phonon of pyrite chromium dioxide at the ambient pressure} The pyrite CrO$_2$ phase has been demonstrated to be stable ferromagnetic (FM) half-metallic state occurring at critical pressure of $\sim$45 GPa \cite{Li2012}. Here, we use the phonon spectrum, which is one useful way to investigate the stability ...
2,869,038,155,580
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The coalescence of black hole (BH)-neutron star (NS) binaries is one of the most promising sources for kilometer-size laserinterferometric gravitational-wave detectors such as LIGO \cite{LIGO} and VIRGO \cite{VIRGO}. A statistical study based on the stellar evolution synthesis suggests that the...
2,869,038,155,581
arxiv
\section{Interference in compensation} \label{sec1} Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, refers to a class of technology for the direct fabrication of physical products from 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models. In contrast to material removal processes in traditional machining, the printing process adds mat...
2,869,038,155,582
arxiv
\section*{\centering REFERENCES}\list {\arabic{enumi}.}{\settowidth\labelwidth{#1.}\leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \usecounter{enumi}}} \def\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em} \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax \let\endThebibliogr...
2,869,038,155,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec.int} The KKM theorem of Knaster, Kuratowski, and Mazurkiewicz~\cite{KKM} is a set covering variant of Brouwer's fixed point theorem. It states that for any covering of the $k$-simplex $\Delta_k$ on vertex set $[k+1]$ with closed sets $A_1, \dots, A_{k+1}$ such that the face spanned by...
2,869,038,155,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The continued need for increasing the information storage content of high density magnetic recording devices requires the development of new nanostructured magnetic materials such as chains, one-dimensional (1D) periodic linear arrangements of atoms. Most of the experimental methods and potentia...
2,869,038,155,585
arxiv
\section{Motivation for a sub-GeV dark sector} Hidden sectors are frequently proposed as part of the physics beyond the standard model. Since their interactions with the visible sectors are very weak, so are the current experimental bounds. In fact, motivated both from a bottom-up and a top-down perspective, those sec...
2,869,038,155,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be an irreducible normal projective variety, defined over an algebraically closed field. Fix a very ample line bundle on $X$ to define (semi)stable sheaves. Here (semi)stability would always refer to $\mu$-(semi)stability. Let $E$ be a reflexive semistable sheaf on $X$. Then $E$ admits ...
2,869,038,155,587
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The spin $S=1/2$ antiferromagnetic (AFM) Heisenberg model is the natural starting point for describing the magnetic properties of many electronic insulators with localized spins \cite{Anderson52}. The two-dimensional (2D) square-lattice variant of the model came to particular prominence due to i...
2,869,038,155,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:introduction} Researchers---especially social scientists---often find themselves estimating causal effects in complex, dynamic settings. For example, when studying the effects of political campaign strategies, researchers must confront how candidates change their messaging and behavior...
2,869,038,155,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{se:introduction} {\em Simultaneous embedding} is a flourishing area of research studying topological and geometric properties of planar drawings of multiple graphs on the same point set. The seminal paper in the area is the one of Bra{\ss} {\em et al.}~\cite{bcd-spge-07}, in which two typ...
2,869,038,155,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent years have witnessed a great success of supervised learning in various pattern recognition problems, such as image classification, object detection, and speech recognition. Standard supervised learning relies heavily on the {\it i.i.d.} data assumption; however, dataset-bias is unavoidable...
2,869,038,155,591
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} We are concerned with the development and rigorous analysis of novel efficient model order reduction methods for parameter optimization constrained by coercive variational state equations using the {\em first optimize, then discretize} approach. The methods are bas...
2,869,038,155,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{intro}} This paper is a continuation of our previous work~\cite{Ronniger} on the description of baryon resonances in a covariant Bethe-Salpeter framework. While in~\cite{Ronniger} we concentrated on the description of the mass spectrum in the present paper we discuss the results on ele...
2,869,038,155,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Realization theory of stochastic LTI state-space representations with exogenous inputs is a mature theory \cite{LindquistBook,Katayama:05}. In particular, there is a constructive theory for constructing a minimal stochastic LTI state-space representation of a process $\mathbf{y}$ with ...
2,869,038,155,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reinforcement learning (RL) is a computational approach to automate goal-directed learning of a policy by maximizing cumulative reward in an environment \citep{sutton2018reinforcement}. In combination with Artificial Neural Networks as function approximators, RL can deal with high dimensional s...
2,869,038,155,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{W}{ireless} communication technologies in fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks provide multigigabit-per-second data rates, which fulfill the backhaul rate requirements \cite{niu2015survey, rangan2014millimeter}. A key technology of 5G systems is millimeter-...
2,869,038,155,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main aim of this work is to achieve better understanding of large annihilation rates observed for many polyatomic molecules \cite{Paul:63,Heyland:82,Surko:88,Iwata:95}. In particular, we use an exactly solvable model to verify the prediction \cite{Gribakin:00,Gribakin:01} that positron capt...
2,869,038,155,597
arxiv
\section{Motivation and main results} The celebrated theorem of Charles Fefferman from \cite{FeffBall} shows that the ball multiplier is an unbounded operator on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for all $p\neq 2$ whenever $n\geq 2$. A well-known argument originally due to Yves Meyer, \cite{DeGuzman}, exhibits the intimate relat...
2,869,038,155,598
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION } Thermoelectrical (TE) materials, which can directly convert heat to electricity, have been extensively studied for last several decades since they play an important role in the area of environmentally friendly energy technology.~\cite{Snyder_NM, Zebarjadi_EES} The conversion efficiency of TE m...
2,869,038,155,599
arxiv
\section{ParkPredict+} \label{sec:approach} Our model has two main components: 1) a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to predict vehicle intent based on local contextual information, and 2) a CNN-Transformer model to predict future trajectory based on the trajectory history, image history, and the predicted int...
2,869,038,155,600
arxiv
\chapter*{Acronyms and Abbreviations} \markboth{Acronyms and Abbreviations}{Acronyms and Abbreviations} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\numberline{\ }Acronyms and Abbreviations}} \def\acro#1#2{\vskip4pt\hbox to\textwidth{\normalsize \hbox to5pc{#1\hfill}\vtop{\advance\hsize by -5pc\raggedright\noindent#2}}} \...
2,869,038,155,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for universal correlations between physical variables, such as transition temperature, magnetic field penetration depth, electrical conductivity, energy gap, Fermi energy {\it etc.} may provide hints towards a unique classification of different superconductors. In particular, establis...
2,869,038,155,602
arxiv
\chapter{Results and Preliminaries} \section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} L\'evy matrices are symmetric random matrices whose entry distributions lie in the domain of attraction of an $\alpha$-stable law; for $\alpha<2$, their entries have infinite variance. They were introduced by Bouchaud and Cizeau in 1...
2,869,038,155,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} An integral quadratic form is a homogeneous polynomial $q$ of degree two with integer coefficients, given usually as $q(x)=x^{\tr}\widecheck{G}_qx$ for a unique upper triangular matrix $\widecheck{G}_q$. In case $\widecheck{G}_q$ has only $1$'s as diagonal entries, $q$ is simply ...
2,869,038,155,604
arxiv
\section{introduction} Atomically abrupt (``digital'') interfaces (IFs) between oxides with strongly differing electronic properties (superconducting-ferromagnetic; ferroelectric-ferromagnetic) have attracted interest\cite{ivan,ijiri} due to the new behavior that may arise, and for likely device applications. Hwa...
2,869,038,155,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Charge exchange processes during atom-surface or molecule-surface collisions have been the subject of intense scientific research during the last decades~\cite{Winter2007,Rabalais1994}. This type of surface reactions is of fundamental interest. It represents a quantum-impurity problem where a ...
2,869,038,155,606
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum gauge theories can be described using the holonomies along the edges of a regular lattice as basic configuration observables. This idea was introduced by Wilson \cite{wilson} in the '70s and is now the basis of the modern lattice gauge theory. In diffeomorphism invariant gauge theor...
2,869,038,155,607
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Recently, utilizing molecules to build electronic devices at the single-molecule level has been paid much attention, and it is considered to be a promising area for future nanoelectronics.\cite{thiele2014electrically,schedin2007detection,nozaki2010engineering,joachim1997electromechanical,selzer20...
2,869,038,155,608
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In 1961, Vickrey \cite{V61}, a Nobel laureate in Economics, initiated auction theory. At the center of his work was the solution concept of Nash equilibrium \cite{N50} for auctions as non-cooperative games. This game-theoretical approach has shaped modern auction theory and h...
2,869,038,155,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection*{Overview} In this paper we study deformation spaces of marked metric graphs of groups. Since its first appearance on the scene (\cite{cv}), the celebrated Culler-Vogtmann Outer Space became a classical subject of research. It turned out to be a very useful tool for understanding pr...
2,869,038,155,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The purpose of this paper is to compare the field of local times of a discrete-time Markov process with the corresponding field of i.i.d.\ random variables distributed according to the stationary measure of this process, in total variation distance. We mention that local times (...
2,869,038,155,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} An \emph{ordinary line} of a set of points in the plane is a line passing through exactly two points of the set. The classical Sylvester--Gallai theorem states that every finite non-collinear point set in the plane spans at least one ordinary line. In fact, for sufficiently larg...
2,869,038,155,612
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Thermal phase transitions in classical systems connected to a heath bath, as well as quantum phase transitions in closed quantum systems, are well-understood \cite{KersonHuang_2014,sachdev}. Very recently, a strong interest has emerged in the critical behavior of open quantum ...
2,869,038,155,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Sigma_k$ denote the alphabet $\{0,1,\ldots, k-1\}$. Let $u$ and $v$ be two words of equal length. The \emph{Hamming distance} $\ham(u,v)$ between $u$ and $v$ is defined to be the number of positions where $u$ and $v$ differ~\cite{Hamming:1950}. For example, $\ham({\tt four}, {\tt five}) = 3...
2,869,038,155,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} \vspace{-0.1in} {\em Clustering} is one of the most fundamental problems in data analysis~\cite{jain2010data}. Given a set of elements, the goal of clustering is to partition the set into several groups based on their similarities or dissimilarities. Several clustering models ha...
2,869,038,155,615
arxiv
\section*{\refname}} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{epstopdf} \newcommand{\caphead}[1]{{\bf #1}} \newcommand{\figco}{} \renewcommand{\thesection}{\Roman{section}} \renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\Roman{section} \Alph{subsection}} \renewcommand{\thesubsubsection}{\Roman{section} \Alph{subsection} \arabic{subsubsecti...
2,869,038,155,616
arxiv
\section{Introduction} By the doubly-punctured plane we refer to the compact surface with boundary (familiarly known as the ``pair of pants'') obtained by removing, from a closed two-dimensional disc, two disjoint open discs. This work extends to that surface the research reported in \cite{torus} for the punctured to...
2,869,038,155,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A social network is an interconnected structure of a group of agents formed for social interactions \cite{liu2011social}. Nowadays, social networks play an important role in spreading information, opinion, ideas, innovation, rumors etc. \cite{centola2010spread} \cite{nekovee2007theory}. This spr...
2,869,038,155,618
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves that travel along the interface of a metal and a dielectric. They are bound to the interface due to the mixing of the electromagnetic field oscillation with the oscillation of free electrons in the metal\cite{maier:plasmonics}. Their u...
2,869,038,155,619
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Automated driving can bring significant benefits to human society. It can ameliorate accidents on the road, provide mobility to persons with reduced capacities, automate delivery services, help the elderly to safely move between places, among many others. Deep Learning has been applied successfu...
2,869,038,155,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Radio jets ejected from radio loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) sometimes show proper motion with apparent velocity exceeding the speed of light $c$ (\cite{pearson81,hughes91}). The widely-accepted explanation for this phenomenon, called superluminal motion, is relativisti...
2,869,038,155,621
arxiv
\section*{} Engineering applications on complex geometries often involve polyhedral meshes with various element shapes. Our goal is to analyze a class of discretization schemes on such meshes for the model elliptic problem \eq{ \label{eq:PDE} - \divm(\tensor{\CondTh} \, \grd p) = s, } posed on a bounded polyhedral dom...
2,869,038,155,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Solar Cycle 24 was predicted to begin in 2008 March ($\pm$ 6 months), and peak in late 2011 or mid-2012, with a cycle length of 11.75 years. So, the recent paucity of sunspots and the delay in the expected start of Solar Cycle 24 were unexpected, even though it is well known that solar cycles...
2,869,038,155,623
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Differential K-theory is an enhanced version of topological K-theory constructed by incorporating connections and differential forms. It was developed in order to refine the families of Atiyah-Singer index theorem and also to classify the Ramond-Ramond field strengths in string theory \cite{bun}...
2,869,038,155,624
arxiv
\section{Best Hyperparameters}\label{a:best_hyp} \label{sec:hyperparams} See Table~\ref{best_hyperparams} for the best hyperparameters for each model. \begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{lccc} \hline \textbf{Model} & \textbf{epochs} & \textbf{batch size} & \textbf{learn. rate}\\ \hline WG-SR & 5 & 16 & 1e-5 \\ B...
2,869,038,155,625
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The uncertainty principle is originally a quantum physics principle stating that some families of observable quantities cannot be measured simultaneously with infinite precision. The uncertainty principle can be turned into quantitative statements thanks to uncertainty inequalities, which provide...
2,869,038,155,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Competences have grown in popularity in the western educational world \cite{gordonKeyCompetencesEurope2009,lurieDeconstructingCompetencybasedEducation2017,nunezcortesModeloCompetencialCompetencia2016}, and so the interest on developing computational models for competences th...
2,869,038,155,627
arxiv
\section{introduction} Recently, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been proposed as a promising candidate technology for the sixth-generation (6G) wireless system, due to its capability of realizing programmable propagation environment with low power consumption and hardware cost. Specifically, the IRS is a two-...