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2,121,713,846,041 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As the origination of our universe predicted by the standard cosmology model based on classical general relativity (GR), the singular big bang point strongly indicate that a quantum gravity theory is necessary to describe the spacetime of early universe at small scale. Background independent an... |
2,121,713,846,042 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
A minimum length scale of the order of Planck length is a feature of many models of quantum gravity (QG) that seek to unify quantum mechanics and gravitation~\cite{Garay1995a}.
But, the existence of such a length scale has so far eluded experimental verification. Direct detection of the Planck ... |
2,121,713,846,043 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
During the last years there was an enormous progress in the computation of physical observables at higher-orders. Based on KLN theorem, we know that virtual and real contributions must be put together to obtain finite results. However, both of them contain certain diver... |
2,121,713,846,044 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the last fifty years,
the study of rigidity phenomena played a central role in group theory and its interplay with number theory, geometry and dynamics.
Three fundamental results of the theory are local rigidity, strong rigidity and super-rigidity.
In the last two decades there has be... |
2,121,713,846,045 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Many problems in data science require learning from graph data, where relational as well as local information might be available. Leveraging on the graph structure is often sufficient for inferring a plausible partition of the nodes into a finite number of communities \cite{Kum... |
2,121,713,846,046 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Optimal transport costs have received a recent surge of interest in applied probability and statistics.
Arising from the classical optimal transport problem~\citep{villani2003},
this family of divergences measures the work required to couple two probability measures in t... |
2,121,713,846,047 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1960, Federer and Fleming \cite{FF:1960} initially established integral currents to solve
the Plateau's problem, and Fleming \cite{Fleming:1966} extended this theory to flat chains with coefficients in an abelian
group $G$. Setting $G$ a complete normed abelian
group, Fleming \cite{Flemin... |
2,121,713,846,048 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Using binary acyclic complexes, Grayson \cite{Grayson2012} gave a description of higher algebraic $K$--theory for exact categories in terms of generators and relations.
The present article shows that Grayson's picture of higher algebraic $K$--theory admits a concise description i... |
2,121,713,846,049 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Many stellar systems are spherical or mildly triaxial, from globular clusters \citep{White&Shawl87} and tiny gas-poor dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) \citep{Sanders&Evans17}
to giant elliptical galaxies \citep{Hubble26}
and even galaxy clusters (e.g. \citealt{Limousin+13}). Bu... |
2,121,713,846,050 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The TRIGA Mark~II\xspace reactor installed at the Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata (LENA) of the University of Pavia, in Italy, is a research reactor that can be operated up to 250~kW in stationary state.
It is a pool-type reactor cooled and partly moderated by light water.
The fuel is c... |
2,121,713,846,051 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\nnfootnote{\textasteriskcentered~These authors contributed equally}
One of the core building blocks on the way to fully autonomous vehicles are data sets. Of particular interest are those that contain data on all aspects of traffic. Their area of application in the research area related to a... |
2,121,713,846,052 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are galaxies currently accreting significant amounts of material onto their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). SMBHs are now believed to exist in the centres of all galaxies that contan a significant bulge component \citep{kr95}, and an observed relation betwee... |
2,121,713,846,053 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Understanding the physics of earthquakes is of crucial importance for predicting their impacts on the human and natural environment and delineating seismic risk reduction strategies.
However, to produce realistic seismic events is needed not only correct assumptions on the phys... |
2,121,713,846,054 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Web archives act as a historical record of the web. The Internet Archive (IA) possesses the largest number of web archive holdings. These holdings are accessible through a set of interfaces to the Wayback Machine. Beyond IA, other web archives exhibit focused collection efforts... |
2,121,713,846,055 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological insulators were first introduced by Haldane in his seminal paper \cite{Haldane} where he showed that the Hall conductance may be quantized in the absence of an external magnetic field, which is known as the Quantum Anomalous Hall (QAH) effect \cite{RevQAH1,RevQAH2,RevQAH3}. The latter... |
2,121,713,846,056 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The actual sources of the cosmic rays (CRs) are still unknown, although it is believed that the vast majority of those observed with energies $E<0.1$~EeV (where ${\rm EeV}\equiv 10^{18}$~eV) are of galactic origin, probably accelerated in supernova explosions, while those with energies above few... |
2,121,713,846,057 | arxiv | \section*{0. Introduction}
It is well-known that there are eight maximal, simply connected
geometries $(X,G)$ with compact quotient in dimension three (\cite{S},
p.474). In Thurston's geometrization conjecture any closed
three-manifold can be cut into pieces each of which admits one of
these geometries. To explore t... |
2,121,713,846,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In representation learning, we often have access to high-dimensional observations ${\mathbf{x}}$ (e.g., images or videos) without additional annotations.
However, such observations are often assumed to be the manifestation of a set of low dimensional ground truth factors of variations ${\mathbf{... |
2,121,713,846,059 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Almost 50 years after confirmation of the existence of the neutron star \citep{hewish68}, the
equation of state of the matter that comprises these stars is still under discussion. In neutron
stars, the density in the center of the star exceeds a few times the nuclear density. Many
theoretica... |
2,121,713,846,060 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The bright variable {\it o} Ceti (Mira A) is the class prototype of the
{\it Mira variables}, which are pulsating asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars
with periods of hundreds of days, and visual light amplitudes of between 2.5
and 10 mag. {\it o} Ceti, discovered
in 1596, is also the brightest... |
2,121,713,846,061 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
This section includes additional information that a reader might find useful. Apart from the proof of Theorem \ref{DPA-SGD-theorem}, we include the algorithm sketch for SpreadGNN using DPA-SGD, a more detailed description of the datasets we used, hyperparameter configurations used in our experiment... |
2,121,713,846,062 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Originating with conjectures of Erd\H{o}s and Lov\'asz, an extensive literature has developed over the past several decades concerning the existence of particular differences within dense sets of integers. For sets $A,B\subseteq \Z$, we define the sum and difference sets, respectively, as ... |
2,121,713,846,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently many mathematicians are concerned about the EYMH equation. They, following the idea of D. Christodoulou (see e.g. \cite{C1986}), usually reduce this equation under special metrics to get global existence. In our present article, we take into account of general metric solving the EYMH sys... |
2,121,713,846,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
In the 70's, there has been many indications of new mesons coupled to
the nucleon--antinucleon (${\N\Nbar}$) system. States below the ${\N\Nbar}$
threshold were claimed, e.g., in radiative transitions ${\N\Nbar}\to
X+\gamma$. Above the threshold, states were tentatively se... |
2,121,713,846,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Downscaling magnetoelectronic devices to the nanometer regime implies that
electron-electron interaction effects become prominent, as has been amply
demonstrated by many experimental studies on the Coulomb blockade in double
tunnel junctions with ferromagnetic
elements.\cite{Ono,Schelp,Ralph,Pas... |
2,121,713,846,066 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Singularities play an important role in studying higher dimensional birational geometry.
In order to measure the singularities, we would like to find some invariants which behave well under birational maps.
For example, the minimal log discrepancies (mlds for short) arise naturally in the stud... |
2,121,713,846,067 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{introduction_sec}
In the literature, several approaches for motion planning and control have been developed and tested on high-performance autonomous vehicles \cite{survey}. Hierarchical methods which exploit different levels of model complexity at different stages of the motion planner/co... |
2,121,713,846,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Principal component analysis (PCA) \cite{Pearson, Hotel, Jolli} is a well
established tool for dimension reduction in multivariate
data analysis. It benefits from a simple geometrical interpretation.
Given a set of $n$ points $\tabbf{Y} = (\colbf{y}_1,\ldots,\colbf{y}_n)'$
with $\colbf{y}_i \in ... |
2,121,713,846,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
The LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration has recently released the third Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog \citep[GWTC-3, ][]{lvkcoll-O3}, which lists about $80$ confident detections of merging binary black holes (BBHs) detected via gravitational wave (GW) emission. These e... |
2,121,713,846,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Discriminating fuzz-balls from BHs is a challenging endeavour \cite{Guo:2017jmi, Bena:2020see, Bianchi:2020bxa, Bena:2020uup, Bianchi:2020miz, Mayerson:2020tpn, Ikeda:2021uvc, Bah:2021jno, Fransen:2022jtw, Cano:2022wwo}. Recently significant progress has been made in the analysis of BH and fuzz-... |
2,121,713,846,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\allowdisplaybreaks
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\footnotetext{Work partially supported by the US NSF grant 1751085.}
To cope with resource allocation problems with stringent latency requirements, recent research advocates using learning models that are trained to solve optim... |
2,121,713,846,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been shown experimentally that shape coexistence, large
deformations, the presence of well-deformed intruder orbitals, quenching of
pairing correlations, low-lying octupole states, and dramatic shape changes
induced by rotation are quite common phenomena in the zirconium region
(Z$\simeq$... |
2,121,713,846,073 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A major mystery of modern physics is the nature and origin of dark matter. From observation, it is known that the dark matter energy density of the universe today is approximately \cite{Aghanim:2018eyx},
\begin{equation}
\rho_{\textrm{DM}} = 9.6\cdot 10^{-48}~\textrm{GeV}^4 ~.
\label{DM_today_ob... |
2,121,713,846,074 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quasars are variable at rest-frame optical wavelengths at an asymptotic rms level of about 0.2 mag. These distant galaxies harbor an actively accreting supermassive black hole: an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Although it is agreed upon that the majority of optical light originates from the the... |
2,121,713,846,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{}ulti-view data is common in real-world scenarios, and state-of-the-art multi-view learning methods have achieved significant success across a wide spectrum of applications. These methods are typically built on complex models \cite{liu2021self,lin2021comp... |
2,121,713,846,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The failure of Hilbert's program and the realization of the undecidability of
first-order logic $\mathrm{FO}$ put an end to the most prestigious
plans of automating mathematical reasoning. However, research with more
modest aims continued right away. Perhaps the most direct descendant of Hilb... |
2,121,713,846,077 | arxiv | \section{}
In recent years, the old paradigm according to which only high-mass black holes can launch powerful relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) has begun to crumble. The discovery of $\gamma$-rays coming from narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s), usually considered young and growing AGN harboring a c... |
2,121,713,846,078 | arxiv | \subsection{French}
\resizebox{14cm}{0.5cm}{
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline
A&B&C&D&E&F&G&H&I&J&K&L&M&N&O&P&Q&R&S&T&U&V&W&X&Y&Z \\ \hline
1097&630&1701&882&1008&630&441&284&599&136&15&378&819&221&315&1292&63&945&882&662&32&410&12&4&6&26 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
}
\begin{c... |
2,121,713,846,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While parametric instrumental variables estimators are widely used in econometrics, its nonparametric extension has not been introduced until the last decade. The study of nonparametric instrumental regression models was initiated by \cite{F03eswc} and \cite{NP03econometrica}.
In these models, gi... |
2,121,713,846,080 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\input{intro}
\section{Delsarte-Goethals Codes~}
\label{sec:matrices}
\input{srm}
\section{The Chirp Reconstruction Algorithm}
\label{sec:quad}
\input{quad-alg}
\section{Analysis of the Algorithm}
\label{sec:anaquad}
\input{matrices}
\label{sec:ell}
\input{l2}
\bibliographysty... |
2,121,713,846,081 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{intro.sect}
A schema represents the statement structure of a program by replacing real functions and predicates by symbols representing them.
A schema, ${S}$, thus defines a whole class of programs which all have the same
structure. A schema is \emph{linear} if it does not contai... |
2,121,713,846,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
We can broadly categorise the flow features that appear in compressible wall-bounded flows as two different kinds: (i) subsonic features that have equivalents in incompressible flows and (ii) supersonic features that have no such equivalents in incompressible flows.
In t... |
2,121,713,846,083 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
\paragraph{}
Let $\mathfrak{S}_n$ be the symmetric group, namely the group of permutations of $\{1,\dots,n\}$. Given $\sigma \in \mathfrak{S}_n$, $(\sigma(i_1),\dots,\sigma(i_k))$ is a subsequence of $\sigma$ of length $k$ if $ i_1<i_2<\dots<i_k$. We denote by $LCS(\sigma_1,\s... |
2,121,713,846,084 | arxiv | \section{Covariance Estimation}
\subsection{One Dimensional Case}
\label{sec:1dCovEst}
\begin{observation}[$1$d Covariance Estimate]
\begin{enumerate}
\item Let $\dist$ be a distribution with mean $\mmu$ and covariance $\sigma^2.$ If $\dist = N(\mu, \sigma^2)$, then there is an algorithm that takes as input $m = \O \p... |
2,121,713,846,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Person re-identification (re-ID) aims at retrieving the same persons' images from images captured by different cameras.
In recent years, person re-ID datasets with increasing numbers of images
were proposed to facilitate the research along this direction.
All the datasets require time-consuming... |
2,121,713,846,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that any two-state quantum system can be represented on
the Bloch sphere, whatever the physical context, be it a spin, the
electromagnetic
polarization, or a simplification of an atom down to two levels.
Less familiar is the fact that the quantum mechanics for a general finit... |
2,121,713,846,087 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Expanding H{\sc ii} regions or supernova explosions can strongly influence their surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) and regulate star formation. The shocks induced
in H{\sc ii} regions or supernova remnants may gather surrounding molecular gas to form dense shells, which may collapse to form ... |
2,121,713,846,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study a fully discrete numerical scheme for parametric anisotropic curve shortening flow. This evolution
law arises as a natural gradient flow for the energy
\begin{equation} \label{eq:aniso}
\mathcal E(\Gamma) =
\int_{\Gamma} a(z)\gamma(z,\nu)\dH1(z)
= \int_{\Gamma} a\, \gamma... |
2,121,713,846,089 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Dynamical systems are widely used as models for phenomena in natural or social science.
A dynamical system consists of a set and a mapping defined on it.
In Hamiltonian mechanics, this set is a vector space over a field of real numbers $\R^n$ and the mapping is defined by differe... |
2,121,713,846,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we introduce a new notion to quantify efficiency
of (lossless) compression algorithms, which we call the \emph{sensitivity} of compressors.
Let $C$ be a compression algorithm and let $C(T)$ denote
the size of the output of $C$ applied to an input text (string) $T$.
Roughly speaking... |
2,121,713,846,091 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Historically, design and analysis of computer experiments focused on
deterministic solvers from the physical sciences via Gaussian process (GP)
interpolation \citep{Sacks1989}. But nowadays computer modeling is common in
the social \citep[][Chapter 8]{cioffi2014introduction}, management
\citep{L... |
2,121,713,846,092 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec-introduction}
Consider a quantum system that is a composite of two subsystems,
designated 1 and 2. The Hilbert space for the system is
the tensor product space $\mathcal{H} = \mathcal{H}\sys{1} \otimes
\mathcal{H}\sys{2}$, so that $\dim\mathcal{H} = \dim\mathcal{H}\sys{1} \cdot \d... |
2,121,713,846,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hopf-Galois theory is a generalization of the ordinary Galois theory for fields. If one has a Galois extension of fields $K/k$ with $G=Gal(K/k)$ then the elements of $G$ act as automorphisms of course, but if one takes $k$-linear combinations of these automorphisms, one gets an injective homomor... |
2,121,713,846,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The accretion of gas through a disk, and ultimately on to a star or
black hole, powers the intense luminosity of a great many astrophysical
objects. The classical theory of disk accretion
assumes that (a) correlated turbulent motions in the disk
apply a torque that drives the observed
transport... |
2,121,713,846,095 | arxiv | \section{Abstract}
The activity of most comets near the Sun is dominated by the sublimation of frozen water, the most abundant ice in comets. Some comets, however, are active well beyond the water-ice sublimation limit of $\sim$ 3 AU. Three bodies dominate the observational record and modeling efforts for distant... |
2,121,713,846,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The calculation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equilibria is fundamental for fusion plasma research. Axisymmetric toroidal equilibria are
described by the well-known Grad--Shafranov (GS)
equation\cite{Lust-57,Shafranov-58,Grad-58}. Because the GS equation is an
elliptic differential equation,... |
2,121,713,846,097 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
The depletion depth of the H35DEMO prototype has been measured before and after proton irradiation on samples of four resistivities.
All measured samples display a strong increase of the depletion depth after the initial irradiation steps, reaching a maximum between \numpr... |
2,121,713,846,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In $\RR^N$, let
\[ M_{B}^{\RR^N}f(x) := \sup_{r > 0} \frac{c_N}{r^N} \int_{|y| \leq r} |f(x-y)| \ dy,\]
denote the standard Hardy-Littlewood maximal function, where $c_N^{-1}$ is the volume of the $N$-dimensional Euclidean unit ball.
A celebrated result of Stein and Str\"{o}mbe... |
2,121,713,846,099 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While virtual reality (VR) is an effective tool for implementing virtual museums, the acquisition of the virtual equivalent of exhibits, such as sculptures that we consider in this paper, can be labour-intensive. Many exhibits are 3D in nature, such as sculptures, historical objects and specimen... |
2,121,713,846,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\def$\Lambda/m$\ {$\Lambda/m$\ }
Much attention has been devoted recently to the study of the lepton spectrum
from inclusive semileptonic heavy hadron decay
\cite{chay,shif,mw,flukes}. The key idea is that when a
heavy hadron decays, the operator product expansion (OPE) and the heavy quark
ef... |
2,121,713,846,101 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In computer vision, current state-of-the-art models based on Convolutional Neural Networks are data-hungry, and their performance is related to the amount of annotated data available for training. In particular, segmentation annotations are very costly, as they require a lab... |
2,121,713,846,102 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\input{S0}
\section{Mimetic finite difference discretizations on triangular grids}\label{sec:mimeticFD}
\input{S1}
\section{Equivalence between mimetic finite differences and finite element methods}\label{sec:FD_FEM}
\input{S2}
\section{Multigrid solvers f... |
2,121,713,846,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
In the fundamental model of agnostic learning \cite{kearns1992toward,vapnik1998statistical}, a learner tries to output the best-fitting function from a concept class ${\mathcal{C}}$ with respect to an unknown labeled distribution ${\mathcal{D}}$ in the following sense: given su... |
2,121,713,846,104 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theoretical and experimental exploration
of entanglement and in particular its characterization,
verification, manipulation and quantification are key concerns of
quantum information science \cite{Plenio V 06}. The resource
character of entanglement is most clearly revealed when dealing
with ... |
2,121,713,846,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper may be regarded as an addition to the expanding literature on the interactions between category theory and abstract model theory and, in particular, as an extension of the results of \cite{LR} from abstract elementary classes (AECs) to metric abstract elementary classes (mAECs). The ... |
2,121,713,846,106 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In references \cite{0},\cite{1}, two of us proposed a model
based on the gauge symmetry:
\begin{equation}
SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_N.
\label{group}\end{equation}
In those original papers spontaneous symmetry breaking
and fermion mass generation are assumed to arise from
the vacuum exp... |
2,121,713,846,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
Signal processing, as defined by many textbooks, is related to the ``representation, transformation, and manipulation of signals and the \emph{information} the signals contain''~\cite[emphasis added]{Oppenheim_Discrete3}. Yet, most of these textbooks leave the notion of \emph{in... |
2,121,713,846,108 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Organic photovoltaics and optoelectric devices, in which optical properties arise from the response of molecular complexes, aggregates or nanostructures, have attracted much attention.~\cite{nano10112192,PhysRevLett.123.163202,Christou2021,PhysRevApplied.11.024009}. Recent investigations on the p... |
2,121,713,846,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background and Motivation}
Derivatives and integrals of non-integer order, often referred to as
\textit{fractional}, are natural extensions of the standard
integer-order ones which enjoy certain favourable properties:
they are linear operators, preserve analyticity, and have th... |
2,121,713,846,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\left( X_{1},Y_{1}\right) ,\left( X_{2},Y_{2}\right) ,...,\left(
X_{n},Y_{n}\right) $ be an i.i.d. sample of $\left( X,Y\right) ,$ $X\in S_{X}$ and
$Y\in S_{Y}$, where $S_{X}$ and $S_{Y}$ are metric spaces. Consider the
hypothesis $H_{0}$ which asserts that $X$ and $Y$ are independent r... |
2,121,713,846,111 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newcommand{\sse}[1]{\subsection{#1}}
\def\hsp{\hspace{6pt}}
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\def\vspp{\vspace{0.1cm}}
\def\emptyline{\\[12pt]}
\newtheoremstyle{plain}
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{
{\itshape\bfseries
{
{1em
{
\theoremstyle{thm}
\newtheorem{theorem}{\em Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{le... |
2,121,713,846,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of the Milky Way satellite galaxies have long been used as test
laboratories of the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm in the small non-linear
regime. These have revealed a number of potential problems that include {\it the missing satellite problem} \citep[][]{Klypin1999,Moore1999}, {\... |
2,121,713,846,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Circumstellar disks around pre-main sequence stars are the birth places of planets.
Hence, the characterization of their physical properties is of paramount importance.
At the time when giant planets are in formation, protoplanetary disks are rich in gas.
However, there are relatively few obser... |
2,121,713,846,114 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Superpixel segmentation aims to over-segment an image into hundreds of compact partitions, \emph{i.e.} superpixel, by clustering the pixels based on both low-level color features and spatial features. Benefiting from concerning the spatial cues, the superpixel can be efficiently generated with hi... |
2,121,713,846,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Nowadays, Deep Neural Networks~(DNNs) are successfully deployed and show remarkable performance in many challenging applications, including facial recognition~\cite{liu2015deep,zhang2016joint}, autonomous driving~\cite{liang2019multi,pang2020clocs}, game playing~\cit... |
2,121,713,846,116 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
This research was supported in part by the German research foundation (DFG), and in part by a research cooperation grant with the Amazon Development Center Germany.
\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we showed how to lift structured prediction under bandit feedback from linear models to n... |
2,121,713,846,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quasars can be highly variable. Since this variability arises in the quasar continuum source itself, it appears in all the
images of a gravitationally lensed quasar, but at different times in each image due to
differences in the gravitational potential of the lens galaxy and the geometric lengt... |
2,121,713,846,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Magnetic cataclysmic variables (MCVs) are semi-detached interacting binary systems, in which the primary white dwarf (WD) accretes matter from a Roche-lobe-filling secondary red dwarf star. Based on the magnetic field strength of the primary, MCVs are classified into two classes... |
2,121,713,846,119 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a group, and $X$ a subset of $G$. The {\em commuting graph} \graph\ is the graph with vertex set $X$, with an edge joining vertices $x$ and $y$ whenever $x$ and $y$ commute in $G$. If $X$ is a set of involutions, then we call \graph\ a {\em commuting involution graph}. Such graphs h... |
2,121,713,846,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Symbolic powers of ideals have a relevant role in a number of results and open problems in the literature. Part of the reason is their geometric significance, which appears in a celebrated theorem proved by Zariski and Nagata (later generalized by Hochster and Eisenbud \cite{EH}) stating that t... |
2,121,713,846,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In paper VI (hereafter VI) of this series we developed a method by means of
which it was possible to derive the classical coordinate-momentum
representation for the behavior of particles with half-integral spin.
It was shown there that the matrix representation of this calculation is
readily ob... |
2,121,713,846,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Information about the symmetry energy of hot neutron-rich matter is
important for understanding the dynamical evolution of massive stars and the
supernova explosion mechanisms, while the symmetry energy at zero
temperature is important for determining properties of neutron stars at $%
\beta $-eq... |
2,121,713,846,123 | arxiv | \subsection{Weighted Szeg\H{o} kernel and GAF on
an annulus}
\label{sec:GAF}
For a domain $D \subset \mathbb{C}$, let $X$ be a random variable
on a probability space which takes values
in the space of analytic functions on $D$.
If $(X(z_1), \dots, X(z_n))$ follows a mean zero
complex Gaussian distribution for every... |
2,121,713,846,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Finite mixtures of distributions \citep{mclachlan2000} are being widely used in various fields for modelling random phenomena. In a finite mixture model, the distribution of random observations is modelled as mixture of a finite number of component distributions with varying proportions. The fini... |
2,121,713,846,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The central question in inverse problems is how to extract information from the indirect measurements. In the interesting ill-posed cases the desired information is buried in the data in a nonlinear and unstable manner. The classical way is to design a {\it regularization strategy} whose impleme... |
2,121,713,846,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A topological group is called a {\it Polish group} if its underlying space is a Polish space, i.e. a separable, completely metrizable topological space.
For Polish groups, there are usually two parallel notions of universality.
A Polish group is {\it universal} if every Polish group is isomo... |
2,121,713,846,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Direct photons are a unique probe of the hot and dense matter created
at RHIC: they allow access to the initial, thermalized state of the
nuclear collision. Their measurement, however, is challenging. One
has to cope with a large background from hadronic decays.
While several definitions of d... |
2,121,713,846,128 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\qquad De Sitter (dS) spacetime has come to play a very important role in physics,\,both because of its role in early-universe cosmology and because of its implications for the future evolution of our Universe. As a consequence, the literature regarding physics in dS space has bloomed in recent y... |
2,121,713,846,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper, \cite{KM} V.Kazakov and A.Migdal proposed a new lattice
gauge model where the Yang-Mills interactions are induced by minimal
coupling to a scalar field which transforms in the adjoint representation
of the gauge group. Their theory (to be referred below as the Kazakov-M... |
2,121,713,846,130 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Integer Quantum Hall (IQH) effect in a semiconductor quasi two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is essentially a single-particle
phenomena~\cite{K05}. The magnetic field applied in the direction perpendicular to the layer quantizes the in-plane kinetic energy, forming
the celebrated Landau lev... |
2,121,713,846,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fleischner\cite{fle} characterized Eulerian graphs using the notion of splitting away a pair of edges from a vertex of degree at least three. Raghunathan et al.\cite{rsw} extended the splitting operation from graphs to binary matroids, and characterization of Eulerian binary matroids was obtaine... |
2,121,713,846,132 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion and Future Work}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we conduct a thorough empirical evaluation for two leading GPU-based error-bounded lossy compressors on the real-world extreme-scale cosmological simulation datasets HACC and Nyx. We evaluate different compression configurations and how th... |
2,121,713,846,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Due to the major world-wide impact of vector-borne diseases on human health, many strategies, integrating more or less the three main actors of transmission (pathogen, vectors, man) were developed to reduce their spread.
In this work, we are interested in studying strategies targeting only the ... |
2,121,713,846,134 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is enormous interest in the condensed matter community in the
possibility of observing fractionalized quasiparticles in two or three
dimensional electronic systems.\cite{senthil1,pwa,kivelson} Fractionalization is the rule, rather
than the exception, in one dimensional metals where electr... |
2,121,713,846,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has traditionally used Hidden Markov Models (HMM), describing temporal variability, combined with Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), computing emission probabilities from HMM states, to model and map acoustic features to phones.
In recent years, the introduction of... |
2,121,713,846,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Axion is a pseudoparticle postulated by the Peccei-Quinn theory in 1977 to resolve the strong CP (CP standing for Charge Parity) problem in quantum chromodynamics \cite{Peccei}. To describe its interaction with electromagnetic (EM) field, the ordinary Maxwell Lagrangian of classical electromagne... |
2,121,713,846,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This work was intended as an attempt to globally describe Reidemeister torsion as a function on the $SU_2$-representation space of a knot group and show symmetry of the function by considering natural actions on the representation space.
Reidemeister torsion of a knot associated to a linear repr... |
2,121,713,846,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite their prevalent use, the effects of Batch Normalization (BN) \cite{ioffe2015batch} in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) \citep{goodfellow2014generative} have not been examined carefully. Popularized by the influential DCGAN architecture \citep{radford2015unsupervised}, the use of BN... |
2,121,713,846,139 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Lower-limb exoskeletons are used to assist impaired individuals in their daily life and as a tool for physical rehabilitation in clinical settings~\cite{Moreno2018, 6930719}. They are also increasingly used to augment the abilities of healthy individuals~\cite{Sawick... |
2,121,713,846,140 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgements}
We thank Martin Wolf and Spencer Klein for the fruitful discussions.
The material presented in this publication is based
upon work supported by the Sonderforschungsbereich Neutrinos and Dark Matter in
Astro- and Particle Physics (SFB1258). It was also funded by the Deutsche
Forschungsgem... |
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