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2,121,713,846,041
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As the origination of our universe predicted by the standard cosmology model based on classical general relativity (GR), the singular big bang point strongly indicate that a quantum gravity theory is necessary to describe the spacetime of early universe at small scale. Background independent an...
2,121,713,846,042
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} A minimum length scale of the order of Planck length is a feature of many models of quantum gravity (QG) that seek to unify quantum mechanics and gravitation~\cite{Garay1995a}. But, the existence of such a length scale has so far eluded experimental verification. Direct detection of the Planck ...
2,121,713,846,043
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} During the last years there was an enormous progress in the computation of physical observables at higher-orders. Based on KLN theorem, we know that virtual and real contributions must be put together to obtain finite results. However, both of them contain certain diver...
2,121,713,846,044
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last fifty years, the study of rigidity phenomena played a central role in group theory and its interplay with number theory, geometry and dynamics. Three fundamental results of the theory are local rigidity, strong rigidity and super-rigidity. In the last two decades there has be...
2,121,713,846,045
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Many problems in data science require learning from graph data, where relational as well as local information might be available. Leveraging on the graph structure is often sufficient for inferring a plausible partition of the nodes into a finite number of communities \cite{Kum...
2,121,713,846,046
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Optimal transport costs have received a recent surge of interest in applied probability and statistics. Arising from the classical optimal transport problem~\citep{villani2003}, this family of divergences measures the work required to couple two probability measures in t...
2,121,713,846,047
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1960, Federer and Fleming \cite{FF:1960} initially established integral currents to solve the Plateau's problem, and Fleming \cite{Fleming:1966} extended this theory to flat chains with coefficients in an abelian group $G$. Setting $G$ a complete normed abelian group, Fleming \cite{Flemin...
2,121,713,846,048
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Using binary acyclic complexes, Grayson \cite{Grayson2012} gave a description of higher algebraic $K$--theory for exact categories in terms of generators and relations. The present article shows that Grayson's picture of higher algebraic $K$--theory admits a concise description i...
2,121,713,846,049
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Many stellar systems are spherical or mildly triaxial, from globular clusters \citep{White&Shawl87} and tiny gas-poor dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) \citep{Sanders&Evans17} to giant elliptical galaxies \citep{Hubble26} and even galaxy clusters (e.g. \citealt{Limousin+13}). Bu...
2,121,713,846,050
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The TRIGA Mark~II\xspace reactor installed at the Laboratorio Energia Nucleare Applicata (LENA) of the University of Pavia, in Italy, is a research reactor that can be operated up to 250~kW in stationary state. It is a pool-type reactor cooled and partly moderated by light water. The fuel is c...
2,121,713,846,051
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \nnfootnote{\textasteriskcentered~These authors contributed equally} One of the core building blocks on the way to fully autonomous vehicles are data sets. Of particular interest are those that contain data on all aspects of traffic. Their area of application in the research area related to a...
2,121,713,846,052
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are galaxies currently accreting significant amounts of material onto their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). SMBHs are now believed to exist in the centres of all galaxies that contan a significant bulge component \citep{kr95}, and an observed relation betwee...
2,121,713,846,053
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Understanding the physics of earthquakes is of crucial importance for predicting their impacts on the human and natural environment and delineating seismic risk reduction strategies. However, to produce realistic seismic events is needed not only correct assumptions on the phys...
2,121,713,846,054
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Web archives act as a historical record of the web. The Internet Archive (IA) possesses the largest number of web archive holdings. These holdings are accessible through a set of interfaces to the Wayback Machine. Beyond IA, other web archives exhibit focused collection efforts...
2,121,713,846,055
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological insulators were first introduced by Haldane in his seminal paper \cite{Haldane} where he showed that the Hall conductance may be quantized in the absence of an external magnetic field, which is known as the Quantum Anomalous Hall (QAH) effect \cite{RevQAH1,RevQAH2,RevQAH3}. The latter...
2,121,713,846,056
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The actual sources of the cosmic rays (CRs) are still unknown, although it is believed that the vast majority of those observed with energies $E<0.1$~EeV (where ${\rm EeV}\equiv 10^{18}$~eV) are of galactic origin, probably accelerated in supernova explosions, while those with energies above few...
2,121,713,846,057
arxiv
\section*{0. Introduction} It is well-known that there are eight maximal, simply connected geometries $(X,G)$ with compact quotient in dimension three (\cite{S}, p.474). In Thurston's geometrization conjecture any closed three-manifold can be cut into pieces each of which admits one of these geometries. To explore t...
2,121,713,846,058
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In representation learning, we often have access to high-dimensional observations ${\mathbf{x}}$ (e.g., images or videos) without additional annotations. However, such observations are often assumed to be the manifestation of a set of low dimensional ground truth factors of variations ${\mathbf{...
2,121,713,846,059
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Almost 50 years after confirmation of the existence of the neutron star \citep{hewish68}, the equation of state of the matter that comprises these stars is still under discussion. In neutron stars, the density in the center of the star exceeds a few times the nuclear density. Many theoretica...
2,121,713,846,060
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The bright variable {\it o} Ceti (Mira A) is the class prototype of the {\it Mira variables}, which are pulsating asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars with periods of hundreds of days, and visual light amplitudes of between 2.5 and 10 mag. {\it o} Ceti, discovered in 1596, is also the brightest...
2,121,713,846,061
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} This section includes additional information that a reader might find useful. Apart from the proof of Theorem \ref{DPA-SGD-theorem}, we include the algorithm sketch for SpreadGNN using DPA-SGD, a more detailed description of the datasets we used, hyperparameter configurations used in our experiment...
2,121,713,846,062
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Originating with conjectures of Erd\H{o}s and Lov\'asz, an extensive literature has developed over the past several decades concerning the existence of particular differences within dense sets of integers. For sets $A,B\subseteq \Z$, we define the sum and difference sets, respectively, as ...
2,121,713,846,063
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently many mathematicians are concerned about the EYMH equation. They, following the idea of D. Christodoulou (see e.g. \cite{C1986}), usually reduce this equation under special metrics to get global existence. In our present article, we take into account of general metric solving the EYMH sys...
2,121,713,846,064
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} In the 70's, there has been many indications of new mesons coupled to the nucleon--antinucleon (${\N\Nbar}$) system. States below the ${\N\Nbar}$ threshold were claimed, e.g., in radiative transitions ${\N\Nbar}\to X+\gamma$. Above the threshold, states were tentatively se...
2,121,713,846,065
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Downscaling magnetoelectronic devices to the nanometer regime implies that electron-electron interaction effects become prominent, as has been amply demonstrated by many experimental studies on the Coulomb blockade in double tunnel junctions with ferromagnetic elements.\cite{Ono,Schelp,Ralph,Pas...
2,121,713,846,066
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Singularities play an important role in studying higher dimensional birational geometry. In order to measure the singularities, we would like to find some invariants which behave well under birational maps. For example, the minimal log discrepancies (mlds for short) arise naturally in the stud...
2,121,713,846,067
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{introduction_sec} In the literature, several approaches for motion planning and control have been developed and tested on high-performance autonomous vehicles \cite{survey}. Hierarchical methods which exploit different levels of model complexity at different stages of the motion planner/co...
2,121,713,846,068
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Principal component analysis (PCA) \cite{Pearson, Hotel, Jolli} is a well established tool for dimension reduction in multivariate data analysis. It benefits from a simple geometrical interpretation. Given a set of $n$ points $\tabbf{Y} = (\colbf{y}_1,\ldots,\colbf{y}_n)'$ with $\colbf{y}_i \in ...
2,121,713,846,069
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} The LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration has recently released the third Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog \citep[GWTC-3, ][]{lvkcoll-O3}, which lists about $80$ confident detections of merging binary black holes (BBHs) detected via gravitational wave (GW) emission. These e...
2,121,713,846,070
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Discriminating fuzz-balls from BHs is a challenging endeavour \cite{Guo:2017jmi, Bena:2020see, Bianchi:2020bxa, Bena:2020uup, Bianchi:2020miz, Mayerson:2020tpn, Ikeda:2021uvc, Bah:2021jno, Fransen:2022jtw, Cano:2022wwo}. Recently significant progress has been made in the analysis of BH and fuzz-...
2,121,713,846,071
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \allowdisplaybreaks \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} \footnotetext{Work partially supported by the US NSF grant 1751085.} To cope with resource allocation problems with stringent latency requirements, recent research advocates using learning models that are trained to solve optim...
2,121,713,846,072
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been shown experimentally that shape coexistence, large deformations, the presence of well-deformed intruder orbitals, quenching of pairing correlations, low-lying octupole states, and dramatic shape changes induced by rotation are quite common phenomena in the zirconium region (Z$\simeq$...
2,121,713,846,073
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A major mystery of modern physics is the nature and origin of dark matter. From observation, it is known that the dark matter energy density of the universe today is approximately \cite{Aghanim:2018eyx}, \begin{equation} \rho_{\textrm{DM}} = 9.6\cdot 10^{-48}~\textrm{GeV}^4 ~. \label{DM_today_ob...
2,121,713,846,074
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quasars are variable at rest-frame optical wavelengths at an asymptotic rms level of about 0.2 mag. These distant galaxies harbor an actively accreting supermassive black hole: an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Although it is agreed upon that the majority of optical light originates from the the...
2,121,713,846,075
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{M}{}ulti-view data is common in real-world scenarios, and state-of-the-art multi-view learning methods have achieved significant success across a wide spectrum of applications. These methods are typically built on complex models \cite{liu2021self,lin2021comp...
2,121,713,846,076
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The failure of Hilbert's program and the realization of the undecidability of first-order logic $\mathrm{FO}$ put an end to the most prestigious plans of automating mathematical reasoning. However, research with more modest aims continued right away. Perhaps the most direct descendant of Hilb...
2,121,713,846,077
arxiv
\section{} In recent years, the old paradigm according to which only high-mass black holes can launch powerful relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) has begun to crumble. The discovery of $\gamma$-rays coming from narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s), usually considered young and growing AGN harboring a c...
2,121,713,846,078
arxiv
\subsection{French} \resizebox{14cm}{0.5cm}{ \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline A&B&C&D&E&F&G&H&I&J&K&L&M&N&O&P&Q&R&S&T&U&V&W&X&Y&Z \\ \hline 1097&630&1701&882&1008&630&441&284&599&136&15&378&819&221&315&1292&63&945&882&662&32&410&12&4&6&26 \\ \hline \end{tabular} } \begin{c...
2,121,713,846,079
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While parametric instrumental variables estimators are widely used in econometrics, its nonparametric extension has not been introduced until the last decade. The study of nonparametric instrumental regression models was initiated by \cite{F03eswc} and \cite{NP03econometrica}. In these models, gi...
2,121,713,846,080
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \input{intro} \section{Delsarte-Goethals Codes~} \label{sec:matrices} \input{srm} \section{The Chirp Reconstruction Algorithm} \label{sec:quad} \input{quad-alg} \section{Analysis of the Algorithm} \label{sec:anaquad} \input{matrices} \label{sec:ell} \input{l2} \bibliographysty...
2,121,713,846,081
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro.sect} A schema represents the statement structure of a program by replacing real functions and predicates by symbols representing them. A schema, ${S}$, thus defines a whole class of programs which all have the same structure. A schema is \emph{linear} if it does not contai...
2,121,713,846,082
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} We can broadly categorise the flow features that appear in compressible wall-bounded flows as two different kinds: (i) subsonic features that have equivalents in incompressible flows and (ii) supersonic features that have no such equivalents in incompressible flows. In t...
2,121,713,846,083
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \paragraph{} Let $\mathfrak{S}_n$ be the symmetric group, namely the group of permutations of $\{1,\dots,n\}$. Given $\sigma \in \mathfrak{S}_n$, $(\sigma(i_1),\dots,\sigma(i_k))$ is a subsequence of $\sigma$ of length $k$ if $ i_1<i_2<\dots<i_k$. We denote by $LCS(\sigma_1,\s...
2,121,713,846,084
arxiv
\section{Covariance Estimation} \subsection{One Dimensional Case} \label{sec:1dCovEst} \begin{observation}[$1$d Covariance Estimate] \begin{enumerate} \item Let $\dist$ be a distribution with mean $\mmu$ and covariance $\sigma^2.$ If $\dist = N(\mu, \sigma^2)$, then there is an algorithm that takes as input $m = \O \p...
2,121,713,846,085
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Person re-identification (re-ID) aims at retrieving the same persons' images from images captured by different cameras. In recent years, person re-ID datasets with increasing numbers of images were proposed to facilitate the research along this direction. All the datasets require time-consuming...
2,121,713,846,086
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that any two-state quantum system can be represented on the Bloch sphere, whatever the physical context, be it a spin, the electromagnetic polarization, or a simplification of an atom down to two levels. Less familiar is the fact that the quantum mechanics for a general finit...
2,121,713,846,087
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Expanding H{\sc ii} regions or supernova explosions can strongly influence their surrounding interstellar medium (ISM) and regulate star formation. The shocks induced in H{\sc ii} regions or supernova remnants may gather surrounding molecular gas to form dense shells, which may collapse to form ...
2,121,713,846,088
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study a fully discrete numerical scheme for parametric anisotropic curve shortening flow. This evolution law arises as a natural gradient flow for the energy \begin{equation} \label{eq:aniso} \mathcal E(\Gamma) = \int_{\Gamma} a(z)\gamma(z,\nu)\dH1(z) = \int_{\Gamma} a\, \gamma...
2,121,713,846,089
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Dynamical systems are widely used as models for phenomena in natural or social science. A dynamical system consists of a set and a mapping defined on it. In Hamiltonian mechanics, this set is a vector space over a field of real numbers $\R^n$ and the mapping is defined by differe...
2,121,713,846,090
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we introduce a new notion to quantify efficiency of (lossless) compression algorithms, which we call the \emph{sensitivity} of compressors. Let $C$ be a compression algorithm and let $C(T)$ denote the size of the output of $C$ applied to an input text (string) $T$. Roughly speaking...
2,121,713,846,091
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Historically, design and analysis of computer experiments focused on deterministic solvers from the physical sciences via Gaussian process (GP) interpolation \citep{Sacks1989}. But nowadays computer modeling is common in the social \citep[][Chapter 8]{cioffi2014introduction}, management \citep{L...
2,121,713,846,092
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-introduction} Consider a quantum system that is a composite of two subsystems, designated 1 and 2. The Hilbert space for the system is the tensor product space $\mathcal{H} = \mathcal{H}\sys{1} \otimes \mathcal{H}\sys{2}$, so that $\dim\mathcal{H} = \dim\mathcal{H}\sys{1} \cdot \d...
2,121,713,846,093
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hopf-Galois theory is a generalization of the ordinary Galois theory for fields. If one has a Galois extension of fields $K/k$ with $G=Gal(K/k)$ then the elements of $G$ act as automorphisms of course, but if one takes $k$-linear combinations of these automorphisms, one gets an injective homomor...
2,121,713,846,094
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The accretion of gas through a disk, and ultimately on to a star or black hole, powers the intense luminosity of a great many astrophysical objects. The classical theory of disk accretion assumes that (a) correlated turbulent motions in the disk apply a torque that drives the observed transport...
2,121,713,846,095
arxiv
\section{Abstract} The activity of most comets near the Sun is dominated by the sublimation of frozen water, the most abundant ice in comets. Some comets, however, are active well beyond the water-ice sublimation limit of $\sim$ 3 AU. Three bodies dominate the observational record and modeling efforts for distant...
2,121,713,846,096
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The calculation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equilibria is fundamental for fusion plasma research. Axisymmetric toroidal equilibria are described by the well-known Grad--Shafranov (GS) equation\cite{Lust-57,Shafranov-58,Grad-58}. Because the GS equation is an elliptic differential equation,...
2,121,713,846,097
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} \label{sec:conclusions} The depletion depth of the H35DEMO prototype has been measured before and after proton irradiation on samples of four resistivities. All measured samples display a strong increase of the depletion depth after the initial irradiation steps, reaching a maximum between \numpr...
2,121,713,846,098
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} In $\RR^N$, let \[ M_{B}^{\RR^N}f(x) := \sup_{r > 0} \frac{c_N}{r^N} \int_{|y| \leq r} |f(x-y)| \ dy,\] denote the standard Hardy-Littlewood maximal function, where $c_N^{-1}$ is the volume of the $N$-dimensional Euclidean unit ball. A celebrated result of Stein and Str\"{o}mbe...
2,121,713,846,099
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While virtual reality (VR) is an effective tool for implementing virtual museums, the acquisition of the virtual equivalent of exhibits, such as sculptures that we consider in this paper, can be labour-intensive. Many exhibits are 3D in nature, such as sculptures, historical objects and specimen...
2,121,713,846,100
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \def$\Lambda/m$\ {$\Lambda/m$\ } Much attention has been devoted recently to the study of the lepton spectrum from inclusive semileptonic heavy hadron decay \cite{chay,shif,mw,flukes}. The key idea is that when a heavy hadron decays, the operator product expansion (OPE) and the heavy quark ef...
2,121,713,846,101
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In computer vision, current state-of-the-art models based on Convolutional Neural Networks are data-hungry, and their performance is related to the amount of annotated data available for training. In particular, segmentation annotations are very costly, as they require a lab...
2,121,713,846,102
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \input{S0} \section{Mimetic finite difference discretizations on triangular grids}\label{sec:mimeticFD} \input{S1} \section{Equivalence between mimetic finite differences and finite element methods}\label{sec:FD_FEM} \input{S2} \section{Multigrid solvers f...
2,121,713,846,103
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In the fundamental model of agnostic learning \cite{kearns1992toward,vapnik1998statistical}, a learner tries to output the best-fitting function from a concept class ${\mathcal{C}}$ with respect to an unknown labeled distribution ${\mathcal{D}}$ in the following sense: given su...
2,121,713,846,104
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theoretical and experimental exploration of entanglement and in particular its characterization, verification, manipulation and quantification are key concerns of quantum information science \cite{Plenio V 06}. The resource character of entanglement is most clearly revealed when dealing with ...
2,121,713,846,105
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper may be regarded as an addition to the expanding literature on the interactions between category theory and abstract model theory and, in particular, as an extension of the results of \cite{LR} from abstract elementary classes (AECs) to metric abstract elementary classes (mAECs). The ...
2,121,713,846,106
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In references \cite{0},\cite{1}, two of us proposed a model based on the gauge symmetry: \begin{equation} SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_N. \label{group}\end{equation} In those original papers spontaneous symmetry breaking and fermion mass generation are assumed to arise from the vacuum exp...
2,121,713,846,107
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} Signal processing, as defined by many textbooks, is related to the ``representation, transformation, and manipulation of signals and the \emph{information} the signals contain''~\cite[emphasis added]{Oppenheim_Discrete3}. Yet, most of these textbooks leave the notion of \emph{in...
2,121,713,846,108
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Organic photovoltaics and optoelectric devices, in which optical properties arise from the response of molecular complexes, aggregates or nanostructures, have attracted much attention.~\cite{nano10112192,PhysRevLett.123.163202,Christou2021,PhysRevApplied.11.024009}. Recent investigations on the p...
2,121,713,846,109
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and Motivation} Derivatives and integrals of non-integer order, often referred to as \textit{fractional}, are natural extensions of the standard integer-order ones which enjoy certain favourable properties: they are linear operators, preserve analyticity, and have th...
2,121,713,846,110
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\left( X_{1},Y_{1}\right) ,\left( X_{2},Y_{2}\right) ,...,\left( X_{n},Y_{n}\right) $ be an i.i.d. sample of $\left( X,Y\right) ,$ $X\in S_{X}$ and $Y\in S_{Y}$, where $S_{X}$ and $S_{Y}$ are metric spaces. Consider the hypothesis $H_{0}$ which asserts that $X$ and $Y$ are independent r...
2,121,713,846,111
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\sse}[1]{\subsection{#1}} \def\hsp{\hspace{6pt}} \def\vsp{\vspace{0.2cm}} \def\vspp{\vspace{0.1cm}} \def\emptyline{\\[12pt]} \newtheoremstyle{plain} {5pt {9pt {\itshape { {\itshape\bfseries { {1em { \theoremstyle{thm} \newtheorem{theorem}{\em Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{le...
2,121,713,846,112
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations of the Milky Way satellite galaxies have long been used as test laboratories of the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm in the small non-linear regime. These have revealed a number of potential problems that include {\it the missing satellite problem} \citep[][]{Klypin1999,Moore1999}, {\...
2,121,713,846,113
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Circumstellar disks around pre-main sequence stars are the birth places of planets. Hence, the characterization of their physical properties is of paramount importance. At the time when giant planets are in formation, protoplanetary disks are rich in gas. However, there are relatively few obser...
2,121,713,846,114
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Superpixel segmentation aims to over-segment an image into hundreds of compact partitions, \emph{i.e.} superpixel, by clustering the pixels based on both low-level color features and spatial features. Benefiting from concerning the spatial cues, the superpixel can be efficiently generated with hi...
2,121,713,846,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Nowadays, Deep Neural Networks~(DNNs) are successfully deployed and show remarkable performance in many challenging applications, including facial recognition~\cite{liu2015deep,zhang2016joint}, autonomous driving~\cite{liang2019multi,pang2020clocs}, game playing~\cit...
2,121,713,846,116
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This research was supported in part by the German research foundation (DFG), and in part by a research cooperation grant with the Amazon Development Center Germany. \section{Conclusion} In this paper, we showed how to lift structured prediction under bandit feedback from linear models to n...
2,121,713,846,117
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quasars can be highly variable. Since this variability arises in the quasar continuum source itself, it appears in all the images of a gravitationally lensed quasar, but at different times in each image due to differences in the gravitational potential of the lens galaxy and the geometric lengt...
2,121,713,846,118
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Magnetic cataclysmic variables (MCVs) are semi-detached interacting binary systems, in which the primary white dwarf (WD) accretes matter from a Roche-lobe-filling secondary red dwarf star. Based on the magnetic field strength of the primary, MCVs are classified into two classes...
2,121,713,846,119
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a group, and $X$ a subset of $G$. The {\em commuting graph} \graph\ is the graph with vertex set $X$, with an edge joining vertices $x$ and $y$ whenever $x$ and $y$ commute in $G$. If $X$ is a set of involutions, then we call \graph\ a {\em commuting involution graph}. Such graphs h...
2,121,713,846,120
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Symbolic powers of ideals have a relevant role in a number of results and open problems in the literature. Part of the reason is their geometric significance, which appears in a celebrated theorem proved by Zariski and Nagata (later generalized by Hochster and Eisenbud \cite{EH}) stating that t...
2,121,713,846,121
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In paper VI (hereafter VI) of this series we developed a method by means of which it was possible to derive the classical coordinate-momentum representation for the behavior of particles with half-integral spin. It was shown there that the matrix representation of this calculation is readily ob...
2,121,713,846,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Information about the symmetry energy of hot neutron-rich matter is important for understanding the dynamical evolution of massive stars and the supernova explosion mechanisms, while the symmetry energy at zero temperature is important for determining properties of neutron stars at $% \beta $-eq...
2,121,713,846,123
arxiv
\subsection{Weighted Szeg\H{o} kernel and GAF on an annulus} \label{sec:GAF} For a domain $D \subset \mathbb{C}$, let $X$ be a random variable on a probability space which takes values in the space of analytic functions on $D$. If $(X(z_1), \dots, X(z_n))$ follows a mean zero complex Gaussian distribution for every...
2,121,713,846,124
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Finite mixtures of distributions \citep{mclachlan2000} are being widely used in various fields for modelling random phenomena. In a finite mixture model, the distribution of random observations is modelled as mixture of a finite number of component distributions with varying proportions. The fini...
2,121,713,846,125
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The central question in inverse problems is how to extract information from the indirect measurements. In the interesting ill-posed cases the desired information is buried in the data in a nonlinear and unstable manner. The classical way is to design a {\it regularization strategy} whose impleme...
2,121,713,846,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A topological group is called a {\it Polish group} if its underlying space is a Polish space, i.e. a separable, completely metrizable topological space. For Polish groups, there are usually two parallel notions of universality. A Polish group is {\it universal} if every Polish group is isomo...
2,121,713,846,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Direct photons are a unique probe of the hot and dense matter created at RHIC: they allow access to the initial, thermalized state of the nuclear collision. Their measurement, however, is challenging. One has to cope with a large background from hadronic decays. While several definitions of d...
2,121,713,846,128
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \qquad De Sitter (dS) spacetime has come to play a very important role in physics,\,both because of its role in early-universe cosmology and because of its implications for the future evolution of our Universe. As a consequence, the literature regarding physics in dS space has bloomed in recent y...
2,121,713,846,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a recent paper, \cite{KM} V.Kazakov and A.Migdal proposed a new lattice gauge model where the Yang-Mills interactions are induced by minimal coupling to a scalar field which transforms in the adjoint representation of the gauge group. Their theory (to be referred below as the Kazakov-M...
2,121,713,846,130
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Integer Quantum Hall (IQH) effect in a semiconductor quasi two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is essentially a single-particle phenomena~\cite{K05}. The magnetic field applied in the direction perpendicular to the layer quantizes the in-plane kinetic energy, forming the celebrated Landau lev...
2,121,713,846,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fleischner\cite{fle} characterized Eulerian graphs using the notion of splitting away a pair of edges from a vertex of degree at least three. Raghunathan et al.\cite{rsw} extended the splitting operation from graphs to binary matroids, and characterization of Eulerian binary matroids was obtaine...
2,121,713,846,132
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and Future Work} \label{sec:conclusion} In this paper, we conduct a thorough empirical evaluation for two leading GPU-based error-bounded lossy compressors on the real-world extreme-scale cosmological simulation datasets HACC and Nyx. We evaluate different compression configurations and how th...
2,121,713,846,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Due to the major world-wide impact of vector-borne diseases on human health, many strategies, integrating more or less the three main actors of transmission (pathogen, vectors, man) were developed to reduce their spread. In this work, we are interested in studying strategies targeting only the ...
2,121,713,846,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is enormous interest in the condensed matter community in the possibility of observing fractionalized quasiparticles in two or three dimensional electronic systems.\cite{senthil1,pwa,kivelson} Fractionalization is the rule, rather than the exception, in one dimensional metals where electr...
2,121,713,846,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has traditionally used Hidden Markov Models (HMM), describing temporal variability, combined with Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), computing emission probabilities from HMM states, to model and map acoustic features to phones. In recent years, the introduction of...
2,121,713,846,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Axion is a pseudoparticle postulated by the Peccei-Quinn theory in 1977 to resolve the strong CP (CP standing for Charge Parity) problem in quantum chromodynamics \cite{Peccei}. To describe its interaction with electromagnetic (EM) field, the ordinary Maxwell Lagrangian of classical electromagne...
2,121,713,846,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This work was intended as an attempt to globally describe Reidemeister torsion as a function on the $SU_2$-representation space of a knot group and show symmetry of the function by considering natural actions on the representation space. Reidemeister torsion of a knot associated to a linear repr...
2,121,713,846,138
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite their prevalent use, the effects of Batch Normalization (BN) \cite{ioffe2015batch} in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) \citep{goodfellow2014generative} have not been examined carefully. Popularized by the influential DCGAN architecture \citep{radford2015unsupervised}, the use of BN...
2,121,713,846,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Lower-limb exoskeletons are used to assist impaired individuals in their daily life and as a tool for physical rehabilitation in clinical settings~\cite{Moreno2018, 6930719}. They are also increasingly used to augment the abilities of healthy individuals~\cite{Sawick...
2,121,713,846,140
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgements} We thank Martin Wolf and Spencer Klein for the fruitful discussions. The material presented in this publication is based upon work supported by the Sonderforschungsbereich Neutrinos and Dark Matter in Astro- and Particle Physics (SFB1258). It was also funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgem...