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2,121,713,846,241
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nonlinear slot waveguides (NSWs) are structures made of a finite-size nonlinear dielectric layer sandwiched between two semi-infinite metal layers. They have been studied in Refs.~\cite{Feigenbaum07,Davoyan09a} where it was shown that they allow for sub-wavelength confinement of light and phase ...
2,121,713,846,242
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In singlet superconductors with modest orbital pair breaking a state with finite-momentum may become stable at low temperature and high fields. In this state Cooper pairs $(-\bk+\bq\uparrow,\bk+\bq\downarrow} \def\ua{\uparrow)$ with finite common momentum $2\bq$ form th...
2,121,713,846,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A variety of recent papers have demonstrated the promise of deep learning for medical imaging tasks. From the prediction of diabetic retinopathy using retinal scan images to the diagnosis of melanoma from photographs, machine learning approaches have achieved near-physician level performance \ci...
2,121,713,846,244
arxiv
\section{Introduction: semiclassical laser theory and its limitations} Lasers are among the most important non-linear systems in modern science and technology. They take advantage of the quantum phenomenon of stimulated emission to create an amplifier for light, which becomes an oscillator emitting in one or several ...
2,121,713,846,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of stochastic perturbations of dynamical systems is important in applications to realistic systems since their description contains uncertainties due to degrees of freedom that are not included, either because they are not measurable, or because their inclusion would complicate the anal...
2,121,713,846,246
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Cutting-edge technologies facilitates the daily-life of individuals and societies with more opportunities to overcome challenging issues continuously introducing new smart gadgets day-in day-out. These astonishing technologies introduce changes with use smart sensors in most of the time, which p...
2,121,713,846,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Direct photons emerging from relativistic heavy ion collisions have long been considered an important probe of the entire evolution of the colliding system~\cite{Shuryak:1978ph}. At almost all known or conjectured stages of the collision there are processes producing photons. Unlike hadroni...
2,121,713,846,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Linear regression and sparse linear regression seek to express a response variable as the linear combination of (a small number of) covariates. They form one of the most basic procedures in statistics, engineering, and science. More recently, regression has found increasing applications in the h...
2,121,713,846,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the big challenges of 21st century astrophysics is to understand the magnetism of the Sun, and in so doing to develop the tools needed for the exploration of the magnetic activity in other types of stars across the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram. A crucial step toward this goal is to decipher...
2,121,713,846,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{T}{otal} variation (TV) regularization, proposed by Rudin et al. \cite{RudinOsherFatemi:1992}, plays a vital role in image restoration problem to restore signals from their degraded measurements such as denoising \cite{RudinOsherFatemi:1992, chan2006total, ChanMarqu...
2,121,713,846,251
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Birman gave the first generating sets for the Torelli groups of closed surfaces as a consequence of producing a finite presentation for $\Sp(2g;\Z)$ \cite{BirmanGen}. Powell realized Birman's generators geometrically and showed that the Torelli group of a closed surface is gene...
2,121,713,846,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theory of lattice thermal transport in solids has been developed over several decades. Yet, computing heat transport in complex nanostructured materials is still challenging, as one needs to model mesoscopic systems with low or no symmetry at full atomistic resolution. This challenge can b...
2,121,713,846,253
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} \vspace*{1mm} \noindent In analytic calculations of single and multi--scale Feynman integrals different principal structures have been revealed in particular during the last 30 years.\footnote{For a survey see \cite{Blumlein:2018cms}.} Beyond the multiple zeta values \cite{Blumle...
2,121,713,846,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In contrast with finite-temperature QCD, QCD at high baryonic densities remains remarkably poorly understood. One of the main reasons is the lack of lattice simulations due to the complex fermion determinant in finite-density QCD. Meanwhile, the physics in the core of the neut...
2,121,713,846,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Historically, transportation infrastructures have had huge impact over the development of the territories. They allow the movement of people and goods, affecting the long-term capability to cope with changing socio-economic scenarios. Among them, terrestrial transportation infrastructures (herea...
2,121,713,846,256
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we propose a new proof of the stability of self-similar solutions of the binormal flow \begin{equation} \label{BF} \chi_t=\chi_x \wedge \chi_{xx}. \end{equation} In terms of physics, $\chi(t,x)$ belongs to $\mathbb R^3$, $t$ represents the time and $x$ is the arclength variable. T...
2,121,713,846,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A great number of supermassive black holes (SMBH) has already been detected at redshifts higher than 6 ($z = 7.085$ in \citealt{mortlock}, $z=7.54$ in \citealt{banados}), and the number is still continuously increasing. These high redshifts roughly correspond to the first billion years of evolu...
2,121,713,846,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine translation (MT) systems usually require a large amount of bilingual data, produced by humans, as supervision for training. However, finding such data remains challenging for most language pairs, as it may not exist or may be too costly to manually produce. In contrast, a large amount of...
2,121,713,846,259
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In the past few decades ultrarelativistic heavy ion collision (HIC) experiments have been pursued with a lot of vigour essentially because they provide us with the opportunity to examine strongly interacting matter at high energy densities by producing coloured degrees of freedom in a deconf...
2,121,713,846,260
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the brightest and most energetic electromagnetic astrophysical processes in the known Universe with an emitted energy of up to $\SI{E53}{erg}$. Early measurements by the Burst and Transient Experiment (BATSE) \cite{batse_1992} found these events to b...
2,121,713,846,261
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In many fields it is common to have access to information about sums of random variables and to desire information about those variables themselves. In mass spectrometry, when two (or more) analytes with similar mass-to-charge are measured, the intensity of the resulting peak is a f...
2,121,713,846,262
arxiv
\section{pNRQCD from vNRQCD} In this section, we describe our method for obtaining an effective action for composite fields from the vNRQCD Lagrangian by introducing auxiliary fields and integrating out heavy quarks and antiquarks. We illustrate our method by rederiving the pNRQCD Lagrangian \cite{Brambilla:1999xf},...
2,121,713,846,263
arxiv
\section{Terminus a quo} The main goal of this paper is to show that the statistical fluctuations of single-vehicle data (in vehicular flows) can be very well predicted by the methods known from Random Matrix Theory where used for describing the statistics of energy levels in quantum chaotic systems. Above that, we i...
2,121,713,846,264
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is now nearly a decade since the EMC collaboration announced measurements\cite{EMC} of the first moment of the polarised proton structure function $g_1^p$ which in a simple parton picture could be interpreted as showing that the quarks carry only a small fraction of the spin of the proton. T...
2,121,713,846,265
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \input{06_supp} \bibliographystyle{ieee} \section{Introduction} The journey toward creating multipurpose household assistants continues to pose many challenges despite recent progress in computer vision and robotics. Open source simulators~\cite{ai2thor,habitat19iccv,Shen2020iGibsonAS} and benchm...
2,121,713,846,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Deep learning models have been wildly successful in applications such as computer vision~\citep{Krizhevsky:2017:ICD:3098997.3065386}, natural language processing, speech recognition, and automatic control. These models have reached human-level performance on several benchmar...
2,121,713,846,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Quantum computation provides a fundamentally new way to process data; as a theory, it is complete and remarkably rich \cite{NC00}. However, any real quantum computer is subject to an implacable physical reality: components of a computer will always be faulty due to environmenta...
2,121,713,846,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When a massive star ($M \gtrsim 8M_{solar} $) reaches the end of its life, its core collapses. This leads to a supernova explosion leaving its center as a dense compact remnant, called a PNS. Initially, the PNS is very hot, lepton-rich and rapidly rotating. It deleptonizes releasing the trapped...
2,121,713,846,269
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) play a major role in the physics and chemistry of photodissociation regions (PDRs). They strongly absorb vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons that are emitted by hot young stars and relax by emission in the aromatic infrared bands (AIBs). The interaction with ...
2,121,713,846,270
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The structural characterization of liquids (and glasses) is far more difficult than that of crystalline solids because, differently from the latter, liquids lack long-range crystalline order, while retaining short- to medium-range order. This difficulty is particularly relevant when discussi...
2,121,713,846,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Fueled by concerns on privacy and communication-efficiency, federated learning (FL) \cite{mcmahan2017communication} has attracted significant attention in recent years and found many applications in practice \cite{mcmahan2021fl}. FL employs a large number of clients to collabor...
2,121,713,846,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Householder reflection (HR) \cite{Householder} is a very powerful tool for a large variety of problems in data analysis: QR decomposition, least-square optimization, finding eigenvalues of large matrices, etc. The decomposition of matrices by HR has been listed as one of the ten greatest di...
2,121,713,846,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Semileptonic decay of kaon into pion and lepton-neutrino pair, so-called $K_{l3}$ decay plays an important role to determine $V_{us}$, which is one of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix~\cite{CKM} elements to explain mixture between up and strange quarks. $ |V_{us}|$ is necessary to ex...
2,121,713,846,274
arxiv
\section{#1}\let\thesection\oldthesection} \newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition} \newtheorem{notation}[theorem]{Notation} \theoremstyle{remark} \newtheorem{claim}{Claim} \newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark} \newtheorem{example}[theorem]{Example} \newtheorem{equations}[theorem]{Equations} \newtheorem{construct...
2,121,713,846,275
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION\label{sec_INTRO}} In the previous papers in this series, we began with an in-depth look at the structure and properties of UV extinction curves, including the 2175 \AA\/ ``bump'' \citep{FMI, FMII, FMIII}, and most recently completed a general survey of Galactic extinction covering the near IR (NIR...
2,121,713,846,276
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a $2n$-dimensional compact K{\"a}hler manifold. We say $X$ is a {\em holomorphic symplectic manifold\/} if it admits a closed two-form $\sigma$ of type $(2,0)$ which is non-degenerate in the sense that $\sigma^{\wedge n}$ trivializes the canonical bundle $K_X=\Omega^{2n}$. Moreove...
2,121,713,846,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} When dealing with certain optimization problems coming from the area of combinatorics, cryptography, and coding theory, it is often required that the candidate solutions satisfy a balancedness constraint, or more precisely that the bitstrings representing them have a spec...
2,121,713,846,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The static response of black holes to external perturbations, captured by the so-called Love numbers\footnote{The Love numbers are named after the mathematician A. E. H. Love who introduced them to describe the tidal deformation of the Earth in Ref.~\cite{1909RSPSA..82...73L}.}, has recently ...
2,121,713,846,279
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{-3mm} Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants have been surprisingly successful for training complex deep nets \cite{zhbh17, smle18, nebm17}. The surprise comes from two aspects: first, SGD is able to `solve' such non-convex optimization problems, and second...
2,121,713,846,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The flow of planar networks by curve shortening flow has been of interest for several authors in last few years (see \cite{moybycm}, \cite{linsen}, \cite{selsimos} and \cite{sssnf} for example). A planar network in $\Omega\subset \rr^2$ is a finite union of arcs embedded on the plane such ...
2,121,713,846,281
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The scattering of light from subwavelength dielectric arrays is fundamental to a number of contemporary problems in optics. In photonic bandgap (PBG) structures, gaps in the photonic density of states arise due to a modification of the photonic dispersion in the vicinity of Bragg planes brought ...
2,121,713,846,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec1}} The observations of neutrino oscillations (see Refs.~\cite{neu-b1,neu-b2,neu-b3,neu-b4,neu-data}) imply that neutrinos have tiny masses and are mixed, which have demonstrated that lepton flavor in neutrino sector is not conserved. Nevertheless, in the Standard Model (SM) with massive ...
2,121,713,846,283
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Energy-based models (EBMs) have a long history in machine learning~\citep{hopfield, cd, ebm}, especially in the image domain ~\citep{teh03, ranzato13}. Their appeal stems from the minimal assumptions they make about the generative process of the data: they are a strict generalization of probab...
2,121,713,846,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Due to the growing scale and complexity of sophisticated models~\cite{dean2012large,ratner2019sysml, bitter}, exploratory model development increasingly poses data management problems~\cite{stoica2017berkeley}. At every step of exploration, model developers routinely track and ...
2,121,713,846,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Network operators and end applications alike would like to localize abnormally lossy links or \textit{loss hotspots}, but how can this be achieved when internal access to the network is limited? Consider a set of nodes instrumented as active probing sources or receivers, generating flows of pro...
2,121,713,846,286
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro} \subsection*{Quantum Hypothesis Testing} The goal of binary quantum hypothesis testing is to determine the state of a quantum system, given the knowledge that it is one of two specific states ($\rho$ or $\sigma$, say), by making suitable measurements on the state. In the langu...
2,121,713,846,287
arxiv
\section{Introduction} During the last eighty years, convexity has become an essential part in the development of optimization, nonlinear analysis etc. With the surge of computational power, interests in machine learning and data science have risen, which make convexity the backbone of many theories and applications. T...
2,121,713,846,288
arxiv
\section{\large Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \noindent The radio emission from pulsars show variability over multiple timescales. These variations can either be due to intrinsic changes in the emission process or result of external effects like interaction of the emission with the intervening medium. The presence ...
2,121,713,846,289
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) are short-period binaries in which the Roche-Lobe-filling secondary transfers mass through the inner Lagrangian point. Most CVs are active systems with more or less change in magnitude at various time scales. SU UMa-type dwarf novae are defined as a special class of C...
2,121,713,846,290
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coreference resolution involves linking referring expressions that evoke the same discourse entity, as defined in shared tasks such as CoNLL 2011/12 \citep{pradhan2012} and MUC \citep{grishman1996}. Unfortunately, high scores on these tasks do not necessarily translate into acceptable performanc...
2,121,713,846,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quantum critical behaviors can be found in itinerant electron system due to the quantum fluctuation induced quantum phase transition between disordered state and the Fermi liquid state. The emergence of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) physics can be observed by the chaotic non-Fermi liquid behavio...
2,121,713,846,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A central subject of study in quantum information theory is the interplay between entanglement and nonlocality. An important tool to study this relationship is the paradigm of local quantum operations and classical communication (LOCC). This is a subset of all global quantum operations, with a...
2,121,713,846,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} By Steinitz's theorem, the graphs of three-dimensional convex polyhedra are exactly the 3-vertex-connected planar graphs~\cite{Ste-EMW-22}. The faces of the polyhedron are uniquely determined as the peripheral cycles of the graph: simple cycles such that every two edges that are not in the cycle...
2,121,713,846,294
arxiv
2,121,713,846,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The vast majority of binaries containing a neutron star -- NS or black hole -- BH, have been found through the action of mass transfer and accretion from a companion star, which typically requires the binary separation to be small \citep[see][]{Remillard0609}. Whilst X-ray binaries in the Galaxy...
2,121,713,846,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Circular data appear in a large variety of disciplines, such as ecology, metereology or environmental sciences (see Mardia and Jupp, 2000 for examples). The analysis of circular data has been approached from parametric and nonparametric perspectives, existing a broad statistical literature on par...
2,121,713,846,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Statement of Main Results} For a given sequence ${\Gamma}=\left\{{\gamma_{mn}}\right\}$ in ${\mathbb{C}}$ and a window function $g\in L^2({\mathbb R})$ a Gabor system ${\mathcal{G}}({\Gamma},g)$ is defined as $${\mathcal{G}}({\Gamma},g)=\left\{e^{i\textnormal{Re}{{\gamma_{mn}}}t}g(t-\textnorm...
2,121,713,846,298
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Highly obscured, deeply embedded AGN might contribute significantly to the total accretion power in the Universe (Marconi et al. 2004) and are required to account for the spectrum of the X-ray background (XRB, Gilli et al. 2007). In particular, AGN obscured in the X-ray band by column densities...
2,121,713,846,299
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} \subsection{Background}\label{sec1.1} This paper grew out of a number of examples arising in data coming from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Pilot Project [Birney et al. (\citeyear{2007birney})], which is composed of multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targe...
2,121,713,846,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we continue our study of quantum integrable lattice models using the new approach to quantum separation of variables that we recently developed \cite{MaiN18}. We use the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method \cite{FadS78,FadST79,FadT79,Skl79,Skl79a,FadT81,Skl82,Fad82,F...
2,121,713,846,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textit{NP} problems and computational complexity theory are based on \textit{Cook's theorem} proposed by Cook in the paper entitled \textit{The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures} in 1971 \cite{cook1}. \textit{Cook's theorem} claims that any problem decidable by \textit{NDTM (Non-...
2,121,713,846,302
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks are currently the state of the art models for most computer vision tasks. Their adoption has significantly accelerated primarily due to the availability of cheaper computation power, massive training datasets, and powerful development frameworks. Along with this, an increas...
2,121,713,846,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Generalised Probabilitic Theories (GPT)~\cite{Mackey63,Davies70,Edwards71,Foulis81,Ludwig85,Hardy01,Barrett07,Chiribella10,Chiribella11,Masanes11} are a framework that allows generalisations of both classical and quantum theories. In its simplest form a GPT is given by a closed convex cone $C$...
2,121,713,846,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The present paper constitutes together with \cite{Wolter2021logics,WolterDK18} the first stage of expansion of a bigger project. The overall objective of our project is to extend the Diagram Predicate Framework (DPF) \cite{DW08,RRLW09_JLAP,Rutle10,RRLW10_JLAP_NWPT2009,WolterMH2020} by a diagramm...
2,121,713,846,305
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the rapid growth of information online, recommender systems have been playing an increasingly important role in alleviating the information overload. Existing models for recommender systems can be broadly classified into three categories~\cite{adomavicius2005toward}: content-based models, C...
2,121,713,846,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a single image, a three-dimensional (3D) human pose estimation, defined as a problem in the localization of human joints in a 3D space, is an important and challenging problem in computer vision. It can be applied to many areas, including action recognition, virtual reality, and human--comp...
2,121,713,846,307
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \begin{old} In nature, central pattern generators (CPGs) exist as neural circuits in the spinal cord of vertebrates and have been found to be responsible for the rhythmic movements of animals \cite{ Grillner1985NeuralVertebrate, Stein1999Neurons, Delcomyn1980AnimalsCPG, Arena2000CPG, Shepherd1...
2,121,713,846,308
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-order-harmonic generation (HHG) is a highly non-linear process which occurs when intense, short-duration laser pulses interact with targets such as atomic or molecular gases~\cite{bandrauk:2007}. The study of HHG in these systems has attracted much experimental and theoretical attention in ...
2,121,713,846,309
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The light-actinide metals, from Th to Pu, pose a severe challenge to modern electronic-structure theory due in part to the existence of highly directional and high density-of-states $f$-electron bonding, which promotes the formation of a large number of exceptionally complicated crystal structur...
2,121,713,846,310
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Background} \label{sec-intro} Recurrent events pervade many disciplines such as the biomedical and public health sciences, engineering sciences, social and political sciences, economic sciences, and even sporting events. Examples of such events are non-fatal heart attacks, hospitalization of ...
2,121,713,846,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Thermal diffusion of Brownian particles under the action of a periodic force continues to present an active field of research over recent years, being relevant for various applications in condensed matter physics, chemical physics, nanotechnology, and molecular biology \cite{100years,HAM,HM,freu...
2,121,713,846,312
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Entropy theory in dynamics has recently been extended from actions of the integers (and more generally, amenable groups) to actions of sofic groups \cite{bowen-jams-2010} and arbitrary countable groups \cite{seward-kreiger-1, seward-kreiger-2, alpeev-seward}. Here we begin to investigate generic...
2,121,713,846,313
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION} Biomimetic antimicrobial (AM) polymers have been a focus of research in recent times due to the possibility of their usage as novel therapeutic agents against infectious pathogens \cite{Locock14,Takahashi17,ageitos2017antimicrobial,REVmcphee05,REVboman95}. Such polymers are des...
2,121,713,846,314
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Edge computing has been proposed to adapt to the immense measures of information being created, which pushes cloud administrations from the organization center to the organization edges that are in nearer nearness to IoT gadgets and information sources. Indeed, the marriage of edge and AI has off...
2,121,713,846,315
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The microscopic mechanism of unconventional high-temperature superconductivity has been one of the most controversially debated topics in condensed matter physics since the discovery of superconductivity in layered copper-oxides in 1986. While several aspects of the observed physics, such as the ...
2,121,713,846,316
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Finding talents is one among the most difficult challenges for organizations. Hiring talents means performing better, get more revenue and evolve the business. Where hiring talents is relatively easy, the biggest challenge for organizations today is to find talents they have already hired: findin...
2,121,713,846,317
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{C}{omputed} tomography (CT) imaging is the state-of-the-art non-destructive testing technique. It provides inception about the inner of the scanned object and is widely used for industrial and medical applications. However, this technique suffers from severe quality degradation arti...
2,121,713,846,318
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The Bayesian viewpoint for probabilistic inference is very popular in the statistics and the machine learning communities~\cite{rasmussen2006gaussian,neal2012bayesian,kingma2013auto}. Its flexibility and simple framework are important factors for their success. On the on...
2,121,713,846,319
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we are concerned with the non-symmetric Dirichlet form given by (the closure of) \begin{equation}\label{eq0.1} \mathcal{E}(f,g):=\frac{1}{2} \int_{\R^d} \langle \nabla f, \nabla g \rangle \;\mathrm{d} m - \int_{\R^d}\langle B, \nabla f \rangle g \;\mathrm{d}m\;, \quad f,g \in C_...
2,121,713,846,320
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S1} The orientals or oriented simplexes are a sequence of strict $\omega$-categories $$\Or_0,\Or_1,\ldots$$ associated to simplexes. They were discovered by Street, who described them as fundamental objects in nature~\cite{Str}. A strict $\omega$-category~$X$ has a \emph{nerve}, co...
2,121,713,846,321
arxiv
\section*{References}% \begin{quotation}\mbox{}\par} \def\refer#1\par{{\setlength{\parindent}{-\leftmargin}\indent#1\par}} \def\end{quotation}{\end{quotation}} {\noindent\small{\bf Abstract:} India and Belgium have jointly established two 4 meter class optical telescopes at Devasthal located in Nainital, India. After...
2,121,713,846,322
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automatic extraction of intelligent and useful information from data is one of the main goals in data science. Traditional approaches have focused on learning from structured features, i.e., information in a relational database. However, most of the data encountered in practice are unstructured ...
2,121,713,846,323
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Covering location models have been extensively studied in the literature. Broadly speaking, in these problems there is a set of users with service demand, which can be satisfied by activating (opening) facilities \emph{sufficiently close} to the demand points. In particular, a given demand use...
2,121,713,846,324
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently it has been suggested that the deconfinement transition in rapidly rotating compact stars could have observable consequences in pulsar timing since phase transitions in the dense stellar interior could result in changes of the rotational behavior (Glendenning, Pei, \& Weber 1997; Grig...
2,121,713,846,325
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{IN} Half-metallic ferromagnets have been proposed as ideal candidates for spin injection devices because they have been predicted to exhibit 100~{\%} spin polarization at the Fermi energy ($\epsilon_F$) \cite{GME83}. From the applications point of view, a high Curie temperature for a ha...
2,121,713,846,326
arxiv
\section{\setcounter{equation}{0} \@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\bf}} \newcount\@minsofar \newcount\@min \newcount\@cite@temp \def\@citex[#1]#2{% \if@filesw \immediate \write \@auxout {\string \citation {#2}}\fi \@tempcntb\m@ne \let\@h@ld\relax \def\@citea{}% \@min\m...
2,121,713,846,327
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Software has been a crucial intellectual contribution to scientific and social progress for decades. However, traditional acknowledgment of the use of others’ work has not adapted in step with the rapid development and use of software in research. In particular, standard ...
2,121,713,846,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Event shape observables, which measure the flow of radiation in a scattering event, play a central role in QCD. They allow for precision measurements of QCD parameters, such as the strong coupling constant, $\alpha_s$, as well as for probes of more subtle features of QCD...
2,121,713,846,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \subsection{Dark Matter Detection in the Solar System}\label{sec:intro_dm} A number of lines of evidence point to the existence of a significant amount of dark matter in the universe, although its identity is a mystery \cite[e.g.,][and references therein]{bertone2005,komatsu2008...
2,121,713,846,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent With the proliferation of sensors and smart devices, the past decade has witnessed the blowout growth in the size of the daily generated data. For example, according to \cite{dobre2014intelligent}, the world produces around 2.5 quintillion bytes of data per day in 2014. Also, as predic...
2,121,713,846,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivations} \label{sec:intro} For domain decomposition preconditioners, the use of a coarse correction as a second level is usually required to provide scalability (in the weak sense), such that the iteration count is independent of the number of subdomains, for subdomains of fixed dimension...
2,121,713,846,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is devoted to some fundumental calculation on 2-dimensional smoothable semi-log-terminal singularities. If we study minimal or canonical models of one parameter degeneration of algebraic surfaces, we must treat singularities that appear in the central fiber. Smoothable semi-log-termin...
2,121,713,846,333
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:ani}Anisotropy parameter} In this section, we describe the arguments based on conformal invariance that allow us to efficiently extract the anisotropy parameter at critical points of random circuits with measurements in 1+1 dimensions. To estimate the area, $A=\alpha tL$, that arises in the free en...
2,121,713,846,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:Intro}} Precision tests of QED, such as the measurement of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, have demonstrated extraordinary levels of agreement between theory and experiment. This relies on the ability to perform calculations \emph{perturbatively} in the coupling\footnote{We us...
2,121,713,846,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} The discovery of the Higgs meson has put in place the final piece of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa}. But, contrary to a theory like QCD where asymptotic freedom guarantees that the ultraviolet cutoff can be remove...
2,121,713,846,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Hermitian-symplectic structure, which is introduced by Tian and Streets in \cite{PF}, is a symplectic form such that its $(1,1)$-part $\omega$ is positive. In fact, the $(1,1)$-part $\omega$ is pluriclosed. So we can consider its deformation along the pluriclosed flow, which is also introduced...
2,121,713,846,337
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} This paper examines the intertwining, in an interesting geometric case, of three recurrent themes of the study of the anti-self-duality equations: the Nahm transform, the Kobayashi--Hitchin correspondence, and the Fourier--Mukai transform. \textbf{The Nahm transform.} Th...
2,121,713,846,338
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Blazars are the brightest extragalactic point sources in the gamma-ray (and microwave) bands; study of their population and evolution are key to high-energy astrophysics. Many blazars are so-called BL~Lacertae objects, where the optical spectrum is dominated by continuum synchrotron radia...
2,121,713,846,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pluto and its satellites form a uniquely complex dynamical system. Pluto and Charon are a true binary system with a mass ratio of 8.6 ($\pm$0.5) to 1, and a center of mass 890 km (0.77 Pluto radii) above the surface of Pluto \citep{Tholen2008}. Around them orbit four known small satellites, Nix a...
2,121,713,846,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction\/\protect\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]} \footnotetext[\value{footnote}]{Unless otherwise stated, the sections have been prepared by the convenors.} The `W Mass and QCD Working Group' addressed a variety of topical questions during the Workshop. The format varied from formal seminar presentati...