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2,121,713,846,741 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
{\bf Acknowledgements.}
This work was supported in part by the Humboldt Foundation under Humboldt Professorship Award and ERC Advanced Grant 339169 "Selfcompletion".
|
2,121,713,846,742 | arxiv | \subsection*{Abstract}
\noindent Game theory provides a quantitative framework for analyzing the
behavior of rational agents. The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma in particular has
become a standard model for studying cooperation and cheating, with cooperation
often emerging as a robust outcome in evolving populations
\cit... |
2,121,713,846,743 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Network data capture information on relations between actors. The various types of links between actors in the network encompass stable ties associated with some duration. For example, in political science, military alliance agreements are active for a certain number of years \citep{Cranmer... |
2,121,713,846,744 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
Concepts from information theory are generally applicable to all forms of communication, including that between computers and their users.
For example, arithmetic coding has been particularly fruitful in inspiring \textit{Dasher}, an information-efficient data entry device bas... |
2,121,713,846,745 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{section1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Classical function theory studies analytic functions and conformal maps defined in subdomains of the complex plane $\mathbb{C}\,.$ Most commonly, the domain of definition of the functions is the unit disk
$\mathbb{D}=\{z \in \mathbb{C} \,|\, |z|<1\}... |
2,121,713,846,746 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Physicists have recently shown that network analysis is a powerful tool to study
the statistical properties of complex
biological, technological and social systems of diverse kinds\cite{str,albert,newmanrev}.
Many networks
exhibit
a
scale-free degree distribution in w... |
2,121,713,846,747 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coherent X-ray Imaging techniques have been intensely developed during the last 20 years thanks to the wide availability of synchrotron sources with high brilliance. This covers a wide range of techniques, beginning with phase contrast imaging \cite{cloetens_phase_1996, nugent_quantitative_1996,... |
2,121,713,846,748 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the distributed stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem, where a global arm set $\mathcal{A} = [K]$ can be accessed by $M$ players independently. Each arm $a\in\mathcal{A}$ is associated with an unknown yet fixed probability distribution $\nu_a$ that belongs to a known family $\P... |
2,121,713,846,749 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Already in the first edition of this book~\cite{Barone1982}, a great number of interesting and important applications for Josephson junctions were discussed. In the decades that have passed since then, several new applications have emerged. This chapter treats one such new clas... |
2,121,713,846,750 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The kagom\'e lattice, from its humble origin in the hands of
fishermen, now sits at the forefront of the search for exotic quantum
phases of matter such as quantum spin liquids \cite{balents2010, savary2016}.
Compelling numerical evidence shows that, on this lattice, eve... |
2,121,713,846,751 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mirror symmetry was discovered within string theory identifying the complex geometry of a family of Calabi-Yau (CY) threefolds with the symplectic geometry of a mirror family of CY threefolds. This identification was formulated mathematically as an isomorphism of variations of Hodge structure ... |
2,121,713,846,752 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s.intro}
Ideal classical fluids possess a number of conserved quantities such as energy, momentum, angular momentum and kinetic helicity. Of these, only energy and kinetic helicity correspond to quadratic invariants in the system. First identified as an invariant for ideal classical fluids... |
2,121,713,846,753 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Great progress in the understanding of physical properties of galaxies
has been achieved with Mid-Infrared (MIR) and Far Infrared (FIR)
observations using the ISO satellite (Kessler et al., 1996) and its ISOCAM
camera (Cesarsky et al., 1996).
Deep optical surveys, such as the Hubble Deep Field ... |
2,121,713,846,754 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The global transition process towards more sustainable and low-carbon energy systems requires
the development of alternative future trajectories for thorough scientific discussion.
Using these, decision processes on different levels e.g. in transnational
policy making or local energy planning c... |
2,121,713,846,755 | arxiv | \section{Outline of the problem}
The Baire Category Theorem has multiple applications not only in topology but also in other branches of mathematics. This gives motivation to try to generalize it in multiple ways, one of which would be to consider it for uncountable families of nowhere dense sets. Such generalizatio... |
2,121,713,846,756 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In studying functions of a complex variable, a natural problem is to determine the locations of the zeros of the functions. There are a number of recent interesting results on the zeros of modular forms. For instance, the zeros of Hecke eigenforms of integer weight $k$ become equidistributed in... |
2,121,713,846,757 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section1}
The method of enhancing the accuracy of the sample mean as an approximation of the population means, McIntyre (1952) proposed ranked set sampling (RSS). The RSS process involves selecting $n$ sets of units, each of size $n$, at random from a population. The units in each set ar... |
2,121,713,846,758 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as a competitive
solution to address blockage issues and extend the coverage in
millimeter wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) communications
\cite{ZhangBjornson20,TanSun18,WangFang19,StefanRenzo19}. To reap
the gain brought by the large number of pa... |
2,121,713,846,759 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:ntroduction}
Mechanical tissue properties, tissue structures, and the spatial arrangement of properties and structures are useful in disease diagnosis in various organs, including the kidneys \cite{linAssociationRenalElasticity2017,singhRenalCorticalElastography2017}, thyroid, muscle,... |
2,121,713,846,760 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Studying the stellar content of galaxies is crucial to understand their star formation histories (SFH), what in turn provides us with valuable information on the possible evolutive paths since their formation at high redshift down to the present time. Despite the large ef... |
2,121,713,846,761 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved substantial successes in solving real-time competitive games~\cite{openai2019dota4backup}, robotic manipulation~\cite{andrychowicz2020learning}, autonomous traffic control~\cite{palanisamy2020multi}, and quantitative trading strategies~\cit... |
2,121,713,846,762 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
This paper studies the problem of communicating the state of a dynamical system via
a Shannon Gaussian channel. The receiver,
which acts as both a decoder and estimator, observes the noisy measurement of the channel
output and makes an optimal estimate of the state of the ... |
2,121,713,846,763 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we address the question of whether the natural $2$-categorical analogue to the $1$-categorical result giving a correspondence between limits and terminal objects in a slice category of cones, holds.
\subsection{Motivation, the \texorpdfstring{$1$}{1}-dimensional case and the case ... |
2,121,713,846,764 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Filament activities have been extensively studied in solar physics. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field surrounding the filaments plays a key role in their formation, structure, and stability \citep{tang87,tand95,mart98}, and the filament eruptions are intimately associated with solar ... |
2,121,713,846,765 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{his} paper focuses on the WiFi standard IEEE 802.11ax and its features related to spatial reuse. Among the various features being proposed in WiFi6, one of them is the OBSS-PD mechanism. In dense environments, if there are overlapping BSSs using the same channels, the traffic bel... |
2,121,713,846,766 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Magnetic fields of nearby galaxies demonstrate several magnetic
configurations and related configurations of polarized radio
emission including a ``ring'' of polarized emission in M\,31, M\,33
\citep{tabatabaei08} and magnetic arms in NGC\,6946 \citep{beck05a}.
A particular magnetic configuratio... |
2,121,713,846,767 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Radio quiet Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are a sub-class of AGNs that lack the radio jet emission. The AGNs are powered by accretion of material onto the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) through the accretion disk \citep{1963Natur.197..533H,1969Natur.223..690L}. These objects are found to... |
2,121,713,846,768 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective variety and let $L$ be a line bundle on
$X$. The Seshadri criterion \cite[Theorem 7.1]{Har70} for ampleness says that $L$ is ample
if and only if there exists a real number $\varepsilon > 0$ such that
$L\cdot C \ge \varepsilon \cdot {\rm mult}_... |
2,121,713,846,769 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A comprehension of the nature of the scalar mesons is very important for
some major topics in particle physics such as the QCD vacuum. However,
both parameters of the scalar mesons, obtained from experimental data
in various analyses, and even the status of some of them, are
still quite am... |
2,121,713,846,770 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Human interaction recognition plays a significant role in a wide range of applications ~\cite{AggarwalRyoo11csur,dcf86615e06947bcb3f2c3eccb615857,zhang2012spatio,vahdat2011discriminative}. For example, it can be used in visual surveillance to detect dangerous events such as ``kicking'' and ``p... |
2,121,713,846,771 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of two--particle mutual interactions in physics is very old.
The traditional way to solve it is to consider it in
the {\em center-of-mass system} (c.m.s.) of reference~\cite{Newton}.
After a simple substitution of variables and excluding
the motion of the system as a whole, one... |
2,121,713,846,772 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In this paper, $V$ is a fixed complex vector space of dimension 4. Let $\{x, y, z, w\}$ be a basis of $V^{*}$. In $\mathbb{P}^{3} = \mathbb{P}(V)$, $Q = Z(xy-zw)$ is a smooth quadric surface. Let $Gr(2, 4)$ be the space of lines in $\mathbb{P}(V)$.
The aim of this paper is to u... |
2,121,713,846,773 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Transition metal complexes offer a rich photochemistry that can be utilized in applications from solar energy conversion to medicine.\cite{Evans2013AP}
This is possible due to the large variety of electronic states of distinct nature that transition metal complexes have to... |
2,121,713,846,774 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec1}
Caching techniques help to reduce data transmissions during the times of high network congestion by prefetching parts of popularly demanded contents into the memories of end users. The seminal work of \cite{MaN} provided a coded delivery scheme which performed within a constant fact... |
2,121,713,846,775 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Blazars, a sub-category of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN),
are characterized by broadband non-thermal emission
and violent variability on time scales
from a fraction of an hour to a few days with strong spectral evolution.
This behavior is best described as
their emission arising from Doppler... |
2,121,713,846,776 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
In most of the works so far, dedicated to the study of beam plasma
properties the effect of interparticle collisions has been neglected. In
many important cases this is a sensible approximation giving satisfactory
results, yet one has to elucidate the limits of validity of ''collisionless
beam'... |
2,121,713,846,777 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The CNES CoRoT satellite has been orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 896 km, in a polar orbit, since late December 2006. Its scientific goals are divided into two themes: asteroseismology and the detection of transiting exoplanets. Apart from the 5-month long observation runs dedicated to the m... |
2,121,713,846,778 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: the Zernike operator} \label{sec:one}
In Reference \cite[p.\ 700]{Zernike34}, Frits Zernike proposed a
two-dimensional differential equation whose polynomial solutions
provide an orthogonal basis for functions $f\of{\bf r}$ in a
Hilbert space ${\cal L}^2_\ssr{Z}({\cal D}_1)$ over the unit di... |
2,121,713,846,779 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\textit{Throughout the paper, unless otherwise specified $\mathfrak{g}$ is a
Kac--Moody algebra over $\mathbb{C}$ with triangular decomposition $\mathfrak{n}^-
\oplus \mathfrak{h} \oplus \mathfrak{n}^+$ and Weyl group $W$, and $V$ is a $\mathfrak{g}$-module of
highest weight $\lambda \in \mathfr... |
2,121,713,846,780 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nonlinear optical (NLO) absorption coefficients, key sample parameters for applications such as optical limiting, saturable optical absorbers, and photothermal cancer therapy, are traditionally obtained from Z-scan optical transmission based measurements\cite{Sheik} or, where possible, through l... |
2,121,713,846,781 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Motivation}
The negativity of the Topological Charge Density Correlator (TCDC) for
non-zero distances as a consequence of the reflection positivity and the
pseudoscalar nature of the relevant local operator in Euclidean field theory
is well-known \cite{es,seiler}. The non-trivial implica... |
2,121,713,846,782 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
This paper reports on a study of W boson polarisations and measurements of
Triple Gauge Couplings (TGC's) in the reaction $e^+ e^- \rightarrow W^+ W^-$, using data taken by the DELPHI experiment at LEP at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209 GeV.
The amplitude of... |
2,121,713,846,783 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section:intro}
\subsection{Overview}\label{section:overview}
Suppose that $\bar{\rho}:G_\mathbb{Q} \rightarrow \mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{F})$ is an absolutely irreducible Galois representation, where $\mathbb{F}$ is a finite field of characteristic $p$. If $\bar{\rho}$ is modular, then we can... |
2,121,713,846,784 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the longstanding questions of elementary particle physics is whether
nature makes use of the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking to
endow the particles with their masses.
The Higgs boson, $H$, is the missing link sought to verify this theoretical
concept in the Standard Model... |
2,121,713,846,785 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-pb}
Let $\Omega$ be an open bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^d$ ($d \ge 1$), $0<T<+\infty$. Let $\varphi$ be a
Lipschitz continuous function from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R}$.
We assume that $\varphi$ is a nondecreasing function (but $\varphi$ is not necessarily increasing, it can be co... |
2,121,713,846,786 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Polaron manifestations in the optical response of polar crystals, such as
complex oxides and high-$T_{c}$ superconductors are the subject of intense
investigations \cite{Lupi1999,calva0,calva1b,QQ4,zhang,Homes1997}. Several
features in the infrared optical absorption spectra of cuprates hav... |
2,121,713,846,787 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The conventional way of formulating an inverse problem of recovering some quantity $x$ in a model
\begin{equation}\label{Axu}
A(x,u)=0
\end{equation}
from (indirect) observations of the state $u$
\begin{equation}\label{Cuy}
C(u)=y
\end{equation}
is via an operator equation
\begin{equation}\label... |
2,121,713,846,788 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
First-order phase transitions are accompanied by hysteresis and
metastability: even though the thermodynamic transition happens at the
value $\varphi_t$ of the control variable $\varphi$, when $\varphi$ is
varied smoothly from $\varphi_i>\varphi_t$ to $\varphi_f<\varphi_t$,
... |
2,121,713,846,789 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Let $G$ be a nontrivial graph. The {\em connectivity} of $G$, denoted by $\kappa(G)$, is the smallest number of vertices whose removal disconnects $G$ or produces a trivial graph. The {\em edge-connectivity} of $G$, denoted by $\lambda(G)$, is the smallest number of edges whose re... |
2,121,713,846,790 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Baroclinic instability is a generic flow instability that occurs in
rotating, stably-stratified fluids subject to a meridional (northward)
temperature gradient. Examples of such a fluid are planetary
atmospheres and oceans. The temperature gradient induces a vertical
(altit... |
2,121,713,846,791 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suppose $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$, where $n \geq 2$, is a nonempty open set (possibly the whole space), $\omega$ is a locally finite (positive) Borel measure on $\Omega$, and $\alpha \in (0, 2)$. We consider the problems:
\begin{equation}\label{u0equation}
\left\{ \begin{aligned}
(-\t... |
2,121,713,846,792 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{}ccording to the Moore's law, the number of transistors in an integrated circuit is doubling approximately every two years. In the FPGA design flow, the routing of nets (which are a collection of two or more interconnected components) is one of the most time consuming step. Hence... |
2,121,713,846,793 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Building a library of
concurrent data structures
is an essential way to simplify the difficult task of developing concurrent software.
There are many lock-based data structures,
but locks
are not fault-tolerant and are susceptible to
problems such as deadlock \cite{Fra07}.
It is often prefera... |
2,121,713,846,794 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optical pumping is a well known phenomenon, which is usually
associated with redistribution of population within hyperfine (HF)
components or Zeeman sublevels of the ground state due to coupling
by resonant light fields \cite{Happer}. Optical pumping is being
exploited in various applications, l... |
2,121,713,846,795 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, a robust tracking control scheme is designed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The design is composed of two steps. In the first step a linearized uncertainty model for the uncertain nonlinear system is developed using a robust feedback linearization approach.
The feed... |
2,121,713,846,796 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
With the discovery of the Higgs boson at the CERN LHC~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa}, the standard model (SM) became a great success.
The high energy and luminosity of the LHC provides the opportunity to observe many processes that are predicted by the SM,
including el... |
2,121,713,846,797 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
In order to access smallest structures, the quest for high energies is mandatory.
It is commonly believed that corresponding accelerator sites need to be large,
and that even cosmic rays with $10^{20}$~eV are accelerated by electromagnetic
interactions in giant cosmic structures.
If, instead, ... |
2,121,713,846,798 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In curved space-time, the conservation law for the total angular momentum of fermions represented by the Dirac equation requires an asymmetric affine connection. Because metric general relativity has constraints on the symmetry of the connection, the ECSK theory of gravity correspondingly fixe... |
2,121,713,846,799 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Uncertainty is ubiquitous in real-world complex systems, including
financial markets~\cite{DA-MG-GG-SK:14}, human-robot mixed
systems~\cite{ST-WB-DF:05,ND-BM:12,BDL-MK-JPH:10} or transportation
networks~\cite{AN-ELG-VD:02,AG-YG-TL-KJH-FB:13,DL-DF-SM:19-ecc}.
Thanks to new advances in computation,... |
2,121,713,846,800 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{R}{ecent} studies of applying reinforcement learning or deep reinforcement learning algorithms to complex, i.e., highly nonlinear and high-dimensional, dynamical systems have demonstrated attractive achievements in various control tasks, e.g., humanoid control~\cite{peng2017deeploco... |
2,121,713,846,801 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\em ``Measure what can be measured''}, this quote often attributed to
Galileo Galilei, has become a paradigm for scientific discovery that
seems to be more dominant nowadays than ever before\footnote{The full quote says
{\em ``Measure what can be measured and make measurable what cannot be ... |
2,121,713,846,802 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spectral graph theory is a well-known devolved area of research in mathematics where one of the interests is to investigate the relationship between the spectrum of different matrices representing graphs with their structure. We also propose various graph operations, for example, graph joining, e... |
2,121,713,846,803 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In quantum mechanics, the entanglement of the quantum states of particles implies that a measurement performed on one of the particles affects the state of the entangled particle, even when they are located at large distances. At first glance, this implies that
information would have to travel ... |
2,121,713,846,804 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a self-map $f:X\rightarrow X$, one of the most fundamental problems in algebraic topology is to find the condition for the map being a homotopy equivalence. The standard answer is the J.H.C. Whitehead's first theorem, saying that if a map induces isomorphisms in homotopy groups in all dim... |
2,121,713,846,805 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nanomechanical vibrational systems provide a natural platform for studying a broad range of classical and quantum phenomena in a well characterized setting, cf. Refs. \cite{Cattiaux2021,Siskins2021,Tepsic2021,Keskekler2021,Ari2020,MacCabe2020} for recent examples. An important advantageous featu... |
2,121,713,846,806 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of supercharacters, which generalizes classical character theory, was recently
introduced in an axiomatic fashion by P.~Diaconis and I.M.~Isaacs \cite{Diaconis-Isaacs}, extending the seminal work of
C.~Andr\'e \cite{An95, An01, An02}. Recent work has shown that the study of supe... |
2,121,713,846,807 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
When averaged over hundreds of rotational periods, pulsars typically show stable integrated pulse profiles over timescales of years to decades \citep{Hel75,Liu12}.
The stability of the integrated pulsar emission is key to using pulsars as `astrophysical clocks' in timing... |
2,121,713,846,808 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}
Parametric resonance (PR) is a well-known instability phenomenon which occurs in systems whose parameters vary in a periodic fashion. A classical example is a pendulum whose length changes harmonically with time. Depending on the system parameters, the pendulum may be unsta... |
2,121,713,846,809 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the new predicted observables in nuclear collisions at RHIC
energies $(\surd s \sim 200$ AGeV) is jet
quenching~\cite{BJ}-\cite{MGXW92}. While collisional energy loss of a
hard jet propagating through quark-gluon plasma has been estimated to
be modest~\cite{BJ,THOMA}\/: $dE_{coll}/dx \l... |
2,121,713,846,810 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Collective behaviors often appear in large population systems for weakly coupled oscillators or interacting units \cite{B-B, C-S, D-M-T-H} in diverse scientific disciplines including biology, social sciences, engineering with various space and time scales,... |
2,121,713,846,811 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
The emission of electromagnetic radiation from cosmic plasmas, as a consequence of electron-ion collision
processes, reveals information about physical parameters of the plasma such as chemical composition, pressure,
electronic or ionic temperature, and density. However, the ... |
2,121,713,846,812 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A central issue in cognitive science is the nature of the mental mapping between language and the world. One oft-studied question is how and why languages vary in the way they use words to partition semantic space (e.g., \citeNP{berlin69,levinson03}).
Polysemy---the use of a single word form to... |
2,121,713,846,813 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Swarming behavior, which we define as the emergence of spatio-temporal group behaviors from simple local interactions between pairs of agents, is widespread and observed over a range of application domains. Examples
can be found in biological systems over a range of length scales, from aggrega... |
2,121,713,846,814 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Chimbuko framework captures, analyzes, and visualizes performance metrics for complex scientific workflows at scale. Meanwhile, the TAU performance analysis tool is used to capture trace and profile performance data, and provenance of the underlying architecture's specification and execution ... |
2,121,713,846,815 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect:intro}
In the past decade, much attention has been devoted to a class of hybrid systems, namely, regime-switching diffusions.
Roughly, such processes can be considered as a two component process
$(X(t),\Lambda(t))$, an analog (or continuous
state) component $X(t)$ and a switching (or... |
2,121,713,846,816 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The basic object of our investigation is a branching particle system. It consists of particles evolving independently in $\mathbb{R}^d$ according to a spherically symmetric $\alpha$-stable Lévy process (called standard $\alpha$-stable process), $0<\alpha\leq 2$. The system starts off at time $0$ ... |
2,121,713,846,817 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the non-perturbative nature of non-abelian gauge theories
in three and four dimensions stems the complexity of
the confinement phenomenon. On the contrary confinement
shows up as
an outgrowth of one dimensional space kinematics
in 2D non-abelian gauge theories. This is not a striking fact if... |
2,121,713,846,818 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
We are concerned with the vanishing dissipation limit of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations describing the motion of compressible, viscous and heat-conducting flows:
\begin{equation} \label{NS}
\begin{cases}
\displaystyle \rho_t + \div(\rho \mbox{\bol... |
2,121,713,846,819 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, quantum correlations\cite{HHHHRMP, discord-rmp}
have been employed beyond its traditional ambit of quantum computation and information, and
used as tools in
quantum many-body physics\cite{ADUSadv, FazioRMP, discord-rmp}.
Detecting phases of many-body systems is an important task wi... |
2,121,713,846,820 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
The study of the collective motion that emerges from short-range interactions in systems of self-propelled particles (SPPs) is of great interest nowadays due to potential applications in physics, engineering, and biology \cite{top04,par99,cou05}. In nature, the formation of bird ... |
2,121,713,846,821 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For any probability space $(\Omega, \mathcal F, \mathbb P)$ and any event $A \in \mathcal F$, the strong law of large numbers guarantees the existence of a sequence $x_1, x_2, \ldots$ from $X$ such that
\begin{equation*}\tag{$*$}\lim_{n \longrightarrow \infty}\frac 1 n \sum_{i=1}^n [x_i \in A] =... |
2,121,713,846,822 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Sensing and communication capabilities are increasingly available in many technical systems, allowing interconnected systems to measure information locally and share it with other agents to optimize a common global objective.
In the case of manufacturing systems, for instance, multiple machines ... |
2,121,713,846,823 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In three-dimensional turbulent hydrodynamic systems, the kinetic energy cascades to ever smaller scales through the self-similar break-up of eddies in smaller ones, which successively are subject to this self-similar process. As such, turbulence continuously tran... |
2,121,713,846,824 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect-IV-1}
Following our series of works
\cite{amuxy4-2,amuxy4-3}, extending results from
\cite{amuxy3b,amuxy3}, this Part III is concerned with qualitative properties associated with solutions to the Cauchy problem for the
inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation
\begin{equation}\label{IV-1... |
2,121,713,846,825 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Ensemble learning methods combine multiple learning algorithms to achieve better learning performance than that from individual learning algorithms. The success of ensemble methods, in part, can be attributed to the diversity among the constituent members, which helps mitigate... |
2,121,713,846,826 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Sofic groups, introduced by Gromov \cite{GromovSofic} and developed by Weiss \cite{WeissSofic}, are a large class of groups that can be approximated, in some sense, by finite groups.
We consider sofic groups, as well as several other classes of groups which can be similarly defined by metr... |
2,121,713,846,827 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
\vspace{-2mm}
We propose MTZ\xspace, a framework to automatically merge multiple correlated, well-trained deep neural networks for cross-model compression via neuron sharing.
It selectively shares neurons and optimally updates their incoming weights on a layer basis to... |
2,121,713,846,828 | arxiv | \section{Experimental setup}
\subsection{Spontaneous parametric downconversion source}
The photon pair source is based on a $2 \ \mathrm{cm}$ long Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) crystal, phase-matched for degenerate collinear type-II downconversion from $532 \ \mathrm{nm}$ to $1064 \ \mathrm{nm}$ and pumped with $\... |
2,121,713,846,829 | arxiv | \subsection{Remarks on the proof}
The proof is based on the explicit formula for
the Bergman kernels
of a positive toric Hermitian line bundle over a toric Kaehler manifold $M^m$
of dimension $m$. As is
well known, there exists a moment map $\mu: M \to P$ for the torus action which
maps $M$ to a convex Delzant polyt... |
2,121,713,846,830 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{IMM5} Italiano--Martelli--Migliorini construct the first examples of hyperbolic groups containing non-hy\-per\-bol\-ic subgroups of finite type. This answered a well known question which had been open for many years (see \cite[Questions 1.1]{bestvina:problems2004}, \cite[Question 7.2]{b... |
2,121,713,846,831 | arxiv | \section*{\Large{Supplemental Material}}
In the supplemental material we first provide field theoretic arguments to justify our claims regarding the universality class of the localization transition.
We then describe in detail the parameters used in the numerical study, present the typical DOS for axial and potential d... |
2,121,713,846,832 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
From the discovery of the first Fast Radio Burst \citep{L07}, it has been
noticed that there is a deficiency of weaker bursts compared to the number
$N \propto S^{-3/2}$ expected in a Euclidean Universe. In order to have a
reasonably homogeneous statistical sample we consider only the 17 bursts
... |
2,121,713,846,833 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Deep learning models interpolate famously well on data that are generated from the training distribution. Nevertheless, when it comes to generalizing to out-of-distribution examples (e.g., transformed inputs), their predictive potential is more restricted.
For example, a clas... |
2,121,713,846,834 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction\protect}
The investigation of particle production in proton-proton collisions at LHC energies is expected to yield new insights into the underlying partonic processes. Data from the experimental collaborations are now available starting at the injection energy of $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ ... |
2,121,713,846,835 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined over an imaginary quadratic field $K$ with complex multiplication by the integer ring $\mathcal O_K$
and let $L(\psi, s)$ be the Hecke $L$-function attached to $E$.
For a CM period $\Omega$, it is known that the value
\begin{align}
... |
2,121,713,846,836 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Main Results}
Let $T$ be the classical singular integral operator. In 1976,
Coifman, Rochberg and Weiss \cite{crw} studied the commutator
generated by $T$ and a function $b\in{BMO(\rn)}$ as follows
\begin{equation} \label{equ.1.1}
[b,T](f)(x)=T\big((b(x)-b(\cdot))f(\cdot)\big)(x)
=... |
2,121,713,846,837 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent investigations have shown that gravitational field equations in a wide class of models (including Einstein's gravity) can be given a physical interpretation which is
thermodynamical in origin. In this approach, one introduces around any event in spacetime local Rindler observers who per... |
2,121,713,846,838 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\input{intro.tex}
\section{Related Work}
\label{sec:related}
\input{related.tex}
\section{Method}
\label{sec:method}
\input{method.tex}
\section{Experiments}
\label{sec:exp}
\subsection{Dataset}
\label{sec:dataset}
\input{dataset.tex}
\subsection{Training and evaluation pro... |
2,121,713,846,839 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Let $K$ be a field, and let $\phi(x) \in K(x)$ be a rational function of degree $d \ge 2$, viewed as a self-map of $\mathbb{P}^1(K)$. For an integer $n \ge 0$, we denote by $\phi^n$ the $n$-fold composition of $\phi$; that is, $\phi^0$ is the identity map, and $\phi^n = \phi \c... |
2,121,713,846,840 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays, scene text detection and recognition have attracted more and more research interests. Text detection~\cite{liu2014text,tian2016detecting,zhou2017east,qxg1, qxg2, cyd1, cyd2} is the task of localizing the text instances in the scene images. Text recognition is to transcribe the image to ... |
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