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2,121,713,846,941 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been a common belief for a long time, that a large
system of sufficiently many interacting particles should fill uniformly
the entire available phase space.
This is known as {\em ergodic hypothesis}, one of the cornerstones
of the statistical mechanics, and is a necessary assumption to j... |
2,121,713,846,942 | arxiv | \section*{Bilinear Identities and Hirota's Bilinear Forms for an Extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili
Hierarchy}
\noindent
{Runliang Lin$^1$, Xiaojun Liu$^2$ and Yunbo Zeng$^1$ }
\end{center}
\noindent
{\small {\it $^1$Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China,
... |
2,121,713,846,943 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Double emulsions of water in liquid crystal (LC) in water, also known as LC shells, have over the last decade acquired a status as a prolific experimental platform for studying confinement effects in soft matter physics \cite{urbanski2017liquid,lagerwall2012new,lopez2011drops}, ... |
2,121,713,846,944 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Measurements of particle production in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) provide insights into a hot and dense deconfined state of matter that was also supposed to have been present shortly after the big bang.
An integral part of the effort to study the properties of this m... |
2,121,713,846,945 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec-Int}
Cerium even in its bulk form has been a long-standing challengeable
system for theorists\cite{Eri92, Wan08} and experimentalists
\cite{Hom87, Ded08} due to its demonstrated variable degrees of 4f
states correlations,\cite{Pri99, Lig04, Ama08} resulting in various
astonishing ... |
2,121,713,846,946 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Diversity patterns of tree species in a tropical forest community are approached by a simple lattice model and investigated by Monte Carlo simulations using a
backtracking method. Our spatially explicit neutral model is based on a simple statistical physics process, namely the diffusion of seeds.... |
2,121,713,846,947 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\nameref{Sec:Intro}}
The need for a systematic study of the geometry of the space of solutions of differential equations describing physical systems was first pointed out by \textit{Souriau} around the $70s$ of the last century \cite{Souriau1997-... |
2,121,713,846,948 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The last decade has been characterized by the rise and spread of data storage and analytics over many industrial and commercial fields, due to the decreasing cost of data collection, storage and transmission.
While it is clear that large datasets are needed to obtain meaningful sta... |
2,121,713,846,949 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Extreme events
tend to occur rarely but are often consequential when they do.
Examples from natural, social, and engineered systems include extreme
weather patterns such as hurricanes or tornadoes, pandemics, the
collapse of financial systems, cascading failures in power grids, and
structural dam... |
2,121,713,846,950 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A classical framework for analyzing the average running time of algorithms is to consider uniformly distributed inputs.
Studying the complexity of an algorithm under this uniform model usually gives a quite good understanding of the algorithm.
However, it is not always easy to ... |
2,121,713,846,951 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The investigation of the cusp effect in the decay $K^+\to\pi^0\pi^0\pi^+$ is one of the most precise methods to extract S-wave $\pi\pi$ scattering lengths from experiment~\cite{Cabibbo,CI,CGKR,NA48}. A heuristic explanation for the cusp effect is as follows: the cusp in the invariant mass spectr... |
2,121,713,846,952 | arxiv | \section*{The BFKL resummation}
Hard strong-interaction processes are characterised by a large
scale, e.g. the center-of-mass energy in $e^+e^-\rightarrow q\bar q$,
the dilepton invariant mass in Drell-Yan production, the momentum
transfer $Q$ in DIS, the jet transverse energy in hadronic
jet production. Calculations a... |
2,121,713,846,953 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Despite the major advances taken in causal modeling, causality is still an unfamiliar topic for many statisticians. In this paper, it is demonstrated from the beginning to the end how causal effects can be estimated from observational data assuming that the causal structure is known. To make the pro... |
2,121,713,846,954 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the fate of the central singularity in the black holes is a fundamental problem whose answers lie in the quantum gravitational description of the spacetime. During the final stage of the gravitational collapse non-perturbative quantum gravitational effects are expected to become ... |
2,121,713,846,955 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multi-People Tracking (MPT) is one of the most established fields in computer vision. It has been recently fostered by the availability of comprehensive public benchmarks and data \cite{mot16,andriluka2018posetrack}. Often, MPT approaches have been casted in the \emph{tracking by detection paradi... |
2,121,713,846,956 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Bolometric corrections are widely used in Astronomy to infer either
luminosities or absolute magnitudes of stars. Empirical corrections in
the visual band, $BC_V$, are perhaps the most frequently needed, and
numerous tabulations exist in the literature that differ someti... |
2,121,713,846,957 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $F$ be a number field. For an odd prime number $p$, let
$(F_n)_{n \geq 0}$ be the tower of number fields such that $F_\infty
= \cup_n F_n$ is the $\mathbf{Z}_p$-cyclotomic extension and $\gal(F_n/F)\simeq
\mathbf{Z}/p^n\mathbf{Z}$ (see \S
\ref{subsec:cyclotomic}).
Let $A$ be an abelian va... |
2,121,713,846,958 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Collective behavior underlies a vast array of fascinating phenomena, many of critical importance to contemporary science and technology. Unusual material properties---such as superconductivity, metal-insulator transitions, and heavy fermions---have been attributed to c... |
2,121,713,846,959 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Motivation.}
\label{motiv}
$B$--hadron decays are a very important source of information on the physics
of the standard model (SM) and {\it beyond}. In many important cases, {\it long
distance} strong contributions to these processes can be separated into matrix
elements of local operators. L... |
2,121,713,846,960 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We want our autonomous robots to be competent across broad domains. Ideally, they must be able to cope with the open world, i.e., one where it may not be possible to provide a complete specification of the task up front. Thus, it is important for the robotic agent to incrementally learn about th... |
2,121,713,846,961 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Structured matrices such as circulant matrices, Toeplitz matrices, Cauchy and Hankel matrices are interesting both in terms of their algebraic structure and physical applications point of view. Recently, it has been observed that every matrix is a product of Toeplitz matrices \cite{ye2015every}... |
2,121,713,846,962 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are four ways by which extrasolar planets have been
detected. The first method to unambiguously detect an extrasolar
planet was pulsar timing, which relies on detecting periodic
variations in the timing of the received radio signal that occur as
the pulsar orbits about the system's barycent... |
2,121,713,846,963 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In general, machine translation systems translate from one source language to a target language.
For example, we may translate a document or speech that was written in English to a new language such as French.
However, in many real translation scenarios, there are cases where there are multiple ... |
2,121,713,846,964 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Quantum field theory (QFT) on curved space-time is a semi-classical approximation to quantum gravity in which
quantum fields evolve on a fixed background described by a classical metric.
An object of fundamental importance in QFT on curved space-time is the renormalized expectat... |
2,121,713,846,965 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section {Introduction}
Terahertz-range electrodynamics of superconductors is governed by the response of Cooper pairs and
thermally activated quasiparticles~\cite{Tinkham1956a,Tinkham1956b,Tinkham1958,Uwe}. The key parameter is the optical gap
$2\Delta$ which represents the energy necessary for ... |
2,121,713,846,966 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suffridge polynomials are a central object of study in the theory of univalent polynomials.
For example, in the book by P. Duren~\cite{Du}, the ``reference'' for univalent functions, the section on univalent polynomials is devoted almost exclusively to Suffridge polynomials.
These polynomials... |
2,121,713,846,967 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study the strong part of the \emph{Existential Closedness Problem} (\emph{strong EC} for short) for the modular $j$ function. The strong EC problem asks to find minimal geometric conditions that an algebraic variety $V\subset\mathbb{C}^{2n}$ should satisfy to ensure that for ever... |
2,121,713,846,968 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High-throughput experimental (HTE) research, which consists of synthesis and characterization of specimens with spatially varied processing parameters, has been established as an effective strategy for exploring and optimizing materials.
These methods, also known as combinatorial science, have pr... |
2,121,713,846,969 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
A galaxy can be defined as a concentration of gas and stars sitting at the bottom of a dark matter potential well \citep[e.g.][]{Mo2010}.
In the current cosmological model, Dark Matter (DM) outnumbers baryons (gas and stars) by a factor of roughly one to five, and, at the... |
2,121,713,846,970 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Geodetic and astrometric Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations have been carried out since 1979. Since 1999, the VLBI sessions -- from scheduling to analyses -- have been organized by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry \citep[IVS;][]{Nothnagel2017}.
The Vie... |
2,121,713,846,971 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The advancement in semiconductor manufacturing and testing has enabled the system-on-chip~(SoC) design house to incorporate more functionality in modern SoCs that consists of millions of transistors. Consequently, the overall complexity of designing and manufacturing such integr... |
2,121,713,846,972 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:qvh-intro}
Mesoscopic systems provide a highly powerful platform
to design quantum matter,\cite{zhangMoirQuantumChemistry2020, wuHubbardModelPhysics2018, chenTunableMoireSuperlattice2019, ladoDesignerQuantumMatter2021, Andrei2021} with the paradigmatic example of artificial
topologi... |
2,121,713,846,973 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Finding a general framework for the description
of nonequilibrium processes has
been a long standing problem in statistical physics. In particular, there
is a
substantial body of literature dealing with the microscopic theory of
energy,
or heat,
conduction~\cite{first}\cite{second}\cite{third}\... |
2,121,713,846,974 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Soft matter enjoys a rich variety of multiphase equilibria due to the
subtle interplay of energetic and entropic forces acting on different
length scales. When one of the parameters controlling the system
thermodynamics is suddenly changed, however, the phase formation is
generally hindered for ... |
2,121,713,846,975 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
\paragraph*{Background.}
A central rheological property characterizing the linear response of (visco)elastic bodies
is the shear relaxation modulus $G(t)$ \cite{RubinsteinBook,WittenPincusBook,DoiEdwardsBook}.
Assuming for simplicity an isotropic body, $G(t) = \delta \tau(t)/\d... |
2,121,713,846,976 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many systems evolve guided by the interaction of a large number of constituent parts \cite{newman2018}. Often a property of such systems that is of great interest, is whether or not the system synchronizes \cite{arenas2008,pikovsky2001}. Synchronization is a property which shows up in many contex... |
2,121,713,846,977 | arxiv | \section{General Theory}
\section{Introduction}
Euclidean conformal field theory (CFT) describes systems at second
order phase transition points where the renormalised correlation
length $\xi$ becomes infinite \cite{Cardy1,Zinn-Justin}. For a theory
in the bulk, such points, if they exist, are reached when an
appropri... |
2,121,713,846,978 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Noncommutative analogues of the Gromov-Hausdorff distance \cite{Rieffel00, Latremoliere13,Latremoliere13b,Latremoliere14,Latremoliere15} allow for the discussion of limits for certain sequences unital C*-algebras endowed with a notion of a quantum metric, in a manner which generalizes the notion... |
2,121,713,846,979 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Stellar physics is undergoing a revolution thanks to the great wealth of asteroseismic data that have been made available by space missions such as CoRoT \citep{Baglin2006} and {\it Kepler} \citep{Borucki2009}.
With the seismic analyses of these stars providing the frequencies... |
2,121,713,846,980 | arxiv | \section{Elements \& Distinctions Analysis}
\subsection{Introduction}
Category theory gives a mathematical characterization of naturality
\cite{eilen-macl:nat-equi} but not of canonicity, the canonical nature of
certain morphisms. The purpose of this paper is to present the \textit{logical
theory of canonical ... |
2,121,713,846,981 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the great goals for future information technology is to develop new concepts to improve the speed and density of data storage applications for next generation spintronic devices. A highly promising approach to reduce the size of the individual data storage units down to the nanometer scale... |
2,121,713,846,982 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Abstract Meaning Representation or AMR \cite{banarescu2013abstract} is a directed graph of labeled concepts and relations that captures sentence semantics. The propositional meaning behind its concepts abstracts away lexical properties. AMR is tree-like in structure as it has a single root node a... |
2,121,713,846,983 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Discovering semantic relations between text entities is a key task in natural
language understanding.
It is a critical component which
enables the success of knowledge representation systems such as TextRunner
\cite{yates2007textrunner}, ReVerb \cite{fader2011identifying}, and NELL
\cite{carlso... |
2,121,713,846,984 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Providing computers with emotional understanding along with their current mathematical-logical capabilities is considered a breakthrough in creating more intelligent and less exacerbating behaviors in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) applications \cite{picard2004toward}. An example of an intelli... |
2,121,713,846,985 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conlusion}
In this work, we present {UnReMix}\@\xspace, a hard negative selection strategy that samples informative negative examples for contrastive training. We define the notion of ``informativeness'' by utilizing feature representations, model uncertainty and rep... |
2,121,713,846,986 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The rise of blockchain systems has renewed interest in the classic
problem of consensus, but traditional consensus protocols are not
designed for the highly decentralized, heterogeneous environment
of blockchains.
In a Consensus protocol, processes called
\textit{learners... |
2,121,713,846,987 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The simile, which is a special type of metaphor, is defined as a figurative expression in which two fundamentally different things are explicitly compared, usually using ``like'' or ``as'' \cite{israel2004simile,simile_sjs}.
It is widely used in literature because it can... |
2,121,713,846,988 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
The effective potential provides physical insight into the behavior of
non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics, and takes into account both
nonlinear interactions and random fluctuations to a given number
of loops \cite{HPMVb}. It has been used to study transitions in
non-equilibri... |
2,121,713,846,989 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Small businesses are engines of economic mobility. Self-employment has been shown to lead to wealth accumulation four times that of those who are not self-employed \citep{Misera2020}. Despite this, Black-owned businesses face a number of systemic challenges that can inhibit thei... |
2,121,713,846,990 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
A basic theme in the field of extremal combinatorics
is the study of the largest size of a structure (e.g. a family of sets) given some combinatorial information
concerning it (e.g. restrictions on the intersection of every two sets in the family.) The fundamental example of
t... |
2,121,713,846,991 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Soon after Hawking's theoretical discovery of black hole evaporation,
a number of authors have used scalar relativistic quantum field theory in
order to show that apparently there exist thermal radiation effects due
entirely to
vacuum fluctuations in the case of relativistic noninertia... |
2,121,713,846,992 | arxiv | \section{Background}
The method uses position-based simulation of compliant constraint dynamics, also known as eXtended Position Based Dynamics as the simulation model and the adjoint method to efficiently differentiate through it. We briefly review both here.
\subsection{XPBD: Position-Based Simulation of Compliant C... |
2,121,713,846,993 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
As autonomous vehicle (AV) operations grow, developing appropriate methods for evaluating AV safety becomes ever more imperative.
The question of ``is a vehicle in an unsafe state?'' is relevant for AV system developers, policymakers, and the general public alike (see F... |
2,121,713,846,994 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{ch1}
The blind source separation (BSS) problem lies in the separation of a mixed signal which is a combination of many independent sources. For instance, separating the voice signal that is the mixed of many people speaking at the same time is the most well-known BSS problem. In the BSS p... |
2,121,713,846,995 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
From catastrophe theory it is well known that integrals with saddle points may be used to
compactly encapsulate the local behaviour of linear wavefields near the underlying
organising caustics, see for example \cite{PS96,Berry80}. The saddle points correspond to rays of the
underpinning ODEs ... |
2,121,713,846,996 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The transition metal dichalcogenide 1\textit{T}-TiSe$_2$\ is a layered compound exhibiting a commensurate (2x2x2) charge density wave (CDW) at low temperature\cite{DiSalvo}. In transport measurements, its signature is a strong anomaly in the resistivity, peaking slightly below the transition tem... |
2,121,713,846,997 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
In 2019 the LHCb Collaboration has announced the measured difference between the time-integrated {\it CP}~ asymmetries of the decays $D^0\to K^+K^-$ and $D^0\to\pi^+\pi^-$ based on pion and muon tagged analyses~\cite{LHCb:2019}. Combining these with previous LHCb results in 201... |
2,121,713,846,998 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $p > 2$ be a prime. The purpose of this paper is to study the $p$-adic interpolation of \emph{\'etale Rankin--Eisenstein classes}, which are Galois cohomology classes attached to pairs of modular forms $f, g$ of weights $\ge 2$, forming a ``cohomological avatar'' of the Rankin--Selberg $L$-... |
2,121,713,846,999 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Embedding two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), into van der Waals heterostructures offers a wide variety of opportunities for tuning material properties and creating functionalities.
These range from the improvement of the homogeneity of light emi... |
2,121,713,847,000 | arxiv | \section{Appendix~A: Prime tensor rank (a.k.a. Schmidt measure) of a pure state does not imply nonpreparability in the triangle network}
\label{app:prime}
For multipartite pure states their degree of entanglement can be characterized by the so-called Schmidt measure that was introduced in Ref.~\cite{Eisert2001}, which... |
2,121,713,847,001 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electron cooling is the process of exchanging thermal energy between an ion beam and a co-propagating electron beam moving at the same average velocity. This method can be used to accumulate ions and reduce the emittance of the beam in storage rings and is especially important for future heavy-io... |
2,121,713,847,002 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $k$ be a number with $0\le k<1.$
A homeomorphism $f$ of a plane domain $\Omega$ onto another $\Omega'$ is
called {\it $k$-quasiconformal} if $f$ has locally integrable distributional derivatives
$f_z=(f_x-if_y)/2$ and $f_\zb=(f_x+if_y)/2$ satisfying $|f_\zb|\le k|f_z|$
almost everywhere ... |
2,121,713,847,003 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
HW Virginis (HW Vir) systems consist of a subdwarf B or OB (sdB or sdOB; hereafter
referred to as sdB) plus a main sequence star, which form an eclipsing pair in a compact
orbit, $P_{\rm orb} \sim 0.1$ d \citep{Heber2009}. These systems
are believed to evolve through a common envelope phase w... |
2,121,713,847,004 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Let $G = (V, E)$ be an undirected graph on $n$ vertices. In the classical $k$-coloring problem,
we need to color the vertices of the graph using at most $k$ colors such that no pair of adjacent vertices
are of the same color. The $k$-coloring problem is NP-complete for $k \geq 3$ an... |
2,121,713,847,005 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A classic result in Newtonian gravity is that if a small mass is orbiting inside a
large mass of uniform density, such that the orbit is entirely contained in the
interior of the large mass, the period of the orbit is fixed by the density
of the large mass, and independent of the particulars of ... |
2,121,713,847,006 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Structures with spatially modulated dielectric properties
(photonic crystals) attract an ever growing interest since the
first papers where they were considered.\cite{Yablonovitch,John}
This interest is caused by unique opportunities that such
structures provide, to affect, in a controllable way... |
2,121,713,847,007 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace*{-0.4cm}
Fluorescent microscopy suffers from two main sources of degradation: the optical system
and the acquisition noise. The optical system has a finite resolution introducing a blur
in the observation. This degradation is modeled as convolution with the point spread... |
2,121,713,847,008 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the study of extrasolar planets, the observation of planetary transits has a prominent position.
It allows us to determine several parameters that are not accessible by other means, shedding more light
on the nature of the transiting planet. From the transit light curve itself, the planetary... |
2,121,713,847,009 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nucleus objects whose apparent X-ray luminosity exceeds $10^{39}\, \rm erg\ s^{-1}$, the Eddington limit of a typical stellar mass black hole ($\sim 10\rm M_{\odot}$) \citep{Kaaret2017}.
Recent studies revealed that some of them are a... |
2,121,713,847,010 | arxiv | \section{Background}
Nowadays, the genome-scale reconstruction of metabolic models has become one of the corner stones of systems biology. Reconstructed metabolic models have been used in a wide range of applications, such as the study of metabolism regulation and operations \cite{r1, r2, r3, r4}, determination of t... |
2,121,713,847,011 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tailoring the luminescent properties of single quantum emitters by their coupling to specially-designed photonic nanostructures is a cornerstone of the development of efficient single photon sources for quantum communications and quantum computing. Among various platforms, solid-state single-pho... |
2,121,713,847,012 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $S$ be a smooth complex projective surface and $L$ a line bundle on $S$ such that the complete linear system $|L|$ contains smooth, irreducible curves (such a line bundle, or linear system, is often called a {\it Bertini system}). Let
\[
p:=p_a(L)= \frac{1}{2} L \cdot (L+K_S) +1,
\]
be the... |
2,121,713,847,013 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The presence of the long scale percolate phase separation in the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganese oxides ${\rm A_{1-x}A'_xMnO_3}$ (A is rare earth element, A$'$ is Ca, Sr, Ba) has been attracting special experimental and theoretical attention for long time. There are two main concepts... |
2,121,713,847,014 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \seclab{intro}
The parity (P) and time-reversal (T) nonconserving pion-nucleon coupling
is a theoretical ingredient in many calculations of electric dipole moments (EDMs)
of various systems, such as the neutron, deuteron,
various atoms and molecules~\cite{Khr97}. The continuing
interest in the... |
2,121,713,847,015 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The possibility to have unification of fundamental interactions is
one of the main motivations for the physics beyond the Standard
Model (SM). Partial realization of this dream is an intrinsic
feature of the so-called grand unified theories which are hence
considered the most natural extensions o... |
2,121,713,847,016 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The distribution of molecular gas in the Galactic nucleus has been heavily studied
in the so-called central molecular zone (CMZ) \citep{MorSer96} that
extends
$\pm$ 1.2\degr\ in Galactic longitude or $\pm$ 180 pc projected distance
at the IAU standard distance R$_0$ = 8.5 kpc. The mo... |
2,121,713,847,017 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In communications engineering it is increasingly accepted that traditional Poisson processes do not succeed
in capturing the variability that is typically observed in real call arrival processes \cite{kim2014call,whitt2007coping}.
This led to the idea to instead use Cox processes \cite{cox1955c... |
2,121,713,847,018 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of haze, due to the presence of aerosols such as dust, mist, and fumes, adds complicated noise to the images captured by cameras. It dramatically degrades the visibility of outdoor images, where contrasts are reduced and surface colors become faint. Moreover, a hazy image will put... |
2,121,713,847,019 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper is inspired by the discovery by Larsen and Lunts \cite{LL}
of a remarkable connection between motivic
integration and stable rationality
and by the recent development of these ideas by
Nicaise and Shinder \cite{NS}, who proved
that stable rationality is preserved under specializati... |
2,121,713,847,020 | arxiv | \section{Artifact Description Appendix: HybridQ: A Hybrid Simulator for Quantum Circuits}
\subsection{Abstract}
\textbf{\texttt{HybridQ}}\ is a highly extensible platform designed to provide a common
framework to integrate multiple state-of-the-art techniques to simulate large
scale quantum circuits on a variety of h... |
2,121,713,847,021 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently approximation of groups using matrices has gained interest. This approach enriches the field of group approximation, dominated by the investigation of sofic groups and to a certain amount hyperlinear groups. Notably Arzhantseva and P\u{a}unescu in \cite{arzhantsevapaunescu13} studied gro... |
2,121,713,847,022 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\emph{Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)} and \emph{Autonomous Vehicles (AV)} heavily rely on a multitude of heterogeneous sensors for environment perception. Among them are radar sensors, that are used for object detection, classification and to directly measure relative ob... |
2,121,713,847,023 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Constraint satisfaction problems are fundamental computational problems that arise in many areas of theoretical computer science.
In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been concentrated on the classification of those constraint satisfaction problems that
can be solved in polynom... |
2,121,713,847,024 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The accretion of matter and magnetic fields onto compact objects is the mechanism responsible for powering the most energetic phenomena known in nature. In particular, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which consist of a supermassive black hole accreting material from the central region of a host ... |
2,121,713,847,025 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of many-body quantum physics prompts the development of theoretical and numerical techniques to compactly represent and analyze quantum states living in an exponentially large Hilbert space. One of the most prominent examples is a compact representation of a ground state of a one-dimens... |
2,121,713,847,026 | arxiv | \section{Intorduction}\label{Intro}
\subsection{Coercive inequalities and the behaviour of the sub-Laplacian on a Carnot group}
The main idea of this work is to investigate the behaviour of certain Markov generators. The operators that we consider are sum of squares of H\"{o}rmander's vector fields. Such operators ... |
2,121,713,847,027 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The extensive circumstellar disk of $\beta $ Pic has been subjected to
intense scrutiny and interpretation since it was discovered by \cite{smi84}.
These studies have been inspired by the possibility that the
$\beta $ Pic system might be an analogue to the solar system in its early
stages or rep... |
2,121,713,847,028 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
The AdS/CFT correspondence~\cite{Maldacena:1997re} provides a
powerful theoretical method to understand the strongly coupled field
theories in condensed matter physics. A holographic superconductor
(superfluid) model has been constructed recently in the work
\cite{Gubser:2008px,Hartnoll:2008vx... |
2,121,713,847,029 | arxiv |
\section{Experiments}\label{sec:expts}
Our empirical evaluation has two aims.
First, to confirm that single-task IL methods fail to generalise beyond the demonstration variant in the \bmname{} suite.
Second, to analyse the ways in which the common modifications discussed in \cref{sec:algos} affect generalisation.
\s... |
2,121,713,847,030 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding galaxy biasing has become one of the most exciting
challenges of galaxy formation theories, especially due to the
overwhelming data sets that are being acquired at many wavelength,
e.g. with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey \citep[SDSS,][]{YorkEtal00},
and other large scale or deep surv... |
2,121,713,847,031 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-Intro}
\noindent
Random Schr\"odinger operators --- most notably, the Anderson Hamiltonian $H=\Delta + \xi$ --- have been a subject of intense research over several decades. Most of the attention has been paid to the character of the spectrum and the ensuing physical consequences for t... |
2,121,713,847,032 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In information extraction, named entity recognition (NER) is the task to automatically identify proper nouns in natural language texts and classify them into predefined categories such as person, location or organization. Usually, it is approached as a sequence classification task. For the Englis... |
2,121,713,847,033 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Given a graph $\Gamma$ with vertex set $V(\Gamma)$, and a group $G_v$ for each $v\in V(\Gamma)$, the graph product for $(\Gamma, \{G_v\}_{v\in V(\Gamma)})$
is the quotient of the free product of the $G_v$ by the normal closure of the set of all commutators $[g,h]$ where $g$ and $h$ ... |
2,121,713,847,034 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, a broad number of works summarized under the name of fluctuations theorems, have lead to significant progress in our understanding of the second law of thermodynamics \cite{Jarzynski2011_vol2,Seifert2012_vol,Harris2007_vol2007}.
A central idea, namely the application of thermod... |
2,121,713,847,035 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we would like to face the most common questions we are
confronted with in the analysis of the photospheric solar abundances:
\begin{itemize}
\item ``Are 3D models important in the abundances determination?''
\item ``Are 3D models responsible for the downward revision of the solar m... |
2,121,713,847,036 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The neutron drip-line nucleus $^{22}$C is the heaviest Borromean system
that we have found so far. An early study for $^{22}$C was done by two of
the present authors (W.H. and Y.S.)~\cite{Horiuchi06} with a three-body model
of $^{20}\mathrm{C}+n+n$ and predicted an $s$-wave dominance of $... |
2,121,713,847,037 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB, Planck Collaboration 2018)
have provided percent-accurate constraints to cosmological parameters,
strengthening the case for a 6-parameter flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model;
this is consistent with most available evidence on large scales, ... |
2,121,713,847,038 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The motivation for the present paper comes from different
directions.
Firstly, as there is considerable literature on circular
operators (refer to \cite{Sh}, \cite{Ge}, \cite{A-H-H-K}, \cite{Ml},
\cite{O}), it is natural to look for the higher-dimensional analogs
of circular operators.
... |
2,121,713,847,039 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Since their discovery, relativistic collimated outflows of matter have been observed in many astrophysical objects and they are known to be associated with accretion flows.
Jets reveal themselves at different scales and redshifts, showing an extreme diversity in energetics, shap... |
2,121,713,847,040 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article, we will explain current views on the modular
representation theory of finite dimensional Hecke algebras.
In the last decade, I followed the approach by Dipper and James,
and, it has become clear that the language from solvable lattice models,
which uses terminology like Fock spa... |
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