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2,121,713,846,941
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been a common belief for a long time, that a large system of sufficiently many interacting particles should fill uniformly the entire available phase space. This is known as {\em ergodic hypothesis}, one of the cornerstones of the statistical mechanics, and is a necessary assumption to j...
2,121,713,846,942
arxiv
\section*{Bilinear Identities and Hirota's Bilinear Forms for an Extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Hierarchy} \noindent {Runliang Lin$^1$, Xiaojun Liu$^2$ and Yunbo Zeng$^1$ } \end{center} \noindent {\small {\it $^1$Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China, ...
2,121,713,846,943
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Double emulsions of water in liquid crystal (LC) in water, also known as LC shells, have over the last decade acquired a status as a prolific experimental platform for studying confinement effects in soft matter physics \cite{urbanski2017liquid,lagerwall2012new,lopez2011drops}, ...
2,121,713,846,944
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measurements of particle production in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) provide insights into a hot and dense deconfined state of matter that was also supposed to have been present shortly after the big bang. An integral part of the effort to study the properties of this m...
2,121,713,846,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-Int} Cerium even in its bulk form has been a long-standing challengeable system for theorists\cite{Eri92, Wan08} and experimentalists \cite{Hom87, Ded08} due to its demonstrated variable degrees of 4f states correlations,\cite{Pri99, Lig04, Ama08} resulting in various astonishing ...
2,121,713,846,946
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Diversity patterns of tree species in a tropical forest community are approached by a simple lattice model and investigated by Monte Carlo simulations using a backtracking method. Our spatially explicit neutral model is based on a simple statistical physics process, namely the diffusion of seeds....
2,121,713,846,947
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\nameref{Sec:Intro}} The need for a systematic study of the geometry of the space of solutions of differential equations describing physical systems was first pointed out by \textit{Souriau} around the $70s$ of the last century \cite{Souriau1997-...
2,121,713,846,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The last decade has been characterized by the rise and spread of data storage and analytics over many industrial and commercial fields, due to the decreasing cost of data collection, storage and transmission. While it is clear that large datasets are needed to obtain meaningful sta...
2,121,713,846,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Extreme events tend to occur rarely but are often consequential when they do. Examples from natural, social, and engineered systems include extreme weather patterns such as hurricanes or tornadoes, pandemics, the collapse of financial systems, cascading failures in power grids, and structural dam...
2,121,713,846,950
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} A classical framework for analyzing the average running time of algorithms is to consider uniformly distributed inputs. Studying the complexity of an algorithm under this uniform model usually gives a quite good understanding of the algorithm. However, it is not always easy to ...
2,121,713,846,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The investigation of the cusp effect in the decay $K^+\to\pi^0\pi^0\pi^+$ is one of the most precise methods to extract S-wave $\pi\pi$ scattering lengths from experiment~\cite{Cabibbo,CI,CGKR,NA48}. A heuristic explanation for the cusp effect is as follows: the cusp in the invariant mass spectr...
2,121,713,846,952
arxiv
\section*{The BFKL resummation} Hard strong-interaction processes are characterised by a large scale, e.g. the center-of-mass energy in $e^+e^-\rightarrow q\bar q$, the dilepton invariant mass in Drell-Yan production, the momentum transfer $Q$ in DIS, the jet transverse energy in hadronic jet production. Calculations a...
2,121,713,846,953
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Despite the major advances taken in causal modeling, causality is still an unfamiliar topic for many statisticians. In this paper, it is demonstrated from the beginning to the end how causal effects can be estimated from observational data assuming that the causal structure is known. To make the pro...
2,121,713,846,954
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding the fate of the central singularity in the black holes is a fundamental problem whose answers lie in the quantum gravitational description of the spacetime. During the final stage of the gravitational collapse non-perturbative quantum gravitational effects are expected to become ...
2,121,713,846,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-People Tracking (MPT) is one of the most established fields in computer vision. It has been recently fostered by the availability of comprehensive public benchmarks and data \cite{mot16,andriluka2018posetrack}. Often, MPT approaches have been casted in the \emph{tracking by detection paradi...
2,121,713,846,956
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Bolometric corrections are widely used in Astronomy to infer either luminosities or absolute magnitudes of stars. Empirical corrections in the visual band, $BC_V$, are perhaps the most frequently needed, and numerous tabulations exist in the literature that differ someti...
2,121,713,846,957
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let $F$ be a number field. For an odd prime number $p$, let $(F_n)_{n \geq 0}$ be the tower of number fields such that $F_\infty = \cup_n F_n$ is the $\mathbf{Z}_p$-cyclotomic extension and $\gal(F_n/F)\simeq \mathbf{Z}/p^n\mathbf{Z}$ (see \S \ref{subsec:cyclotomic}). Let $A$ be an abelian va...
2,121,713,846,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Collective behavior underlies a vast array of fascinating phenomena, many of critical importance to contemporary science and technology. Unusual material properties---such as superconductivity, metal-insulator transitions, and heavy fermions---have been attributed to c...
2,121,713,846,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivation.} \label{motiv} $B$--hadron decays are a very important source of information on the physics of the standard model (SM) and {\it beyond}. In many important cases, {\it long distance} strong contributions to these processes can be separated into matrix elements of local operators. L...
2,121,713,846,960
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We want our autonomous robots to be competent across broad domains. Ideally, they must be able to cope with the open world, i.e., one where it may not be possible to provide a complete specification of the task up front. Thus, it is important for the robotic agent to incrementally learn about th...
2,121,713,846,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Structured matrices such as circulant matrices, Toeplitz matrices, Cauchy and Hankel matrices are interesting both in terms of their algebraic structure and physical applications point of view. Recently, it has been observed that every matrix is a product of Toeplitz matrices \cite{ye2015every}...
2,121,713,846,962
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are four ways by which extrasolar planets have been detected. The first method to unambiguously detect an extrasolar planet was pulsar timing, which relies on detecting periodic variations in the timing of the received radio signal that occur as the pulsar orbits about the system's barycent...
2,121,713,846,963
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In general, machine translation systems translate from one source language to a target language. For example, we may translate a document or speech that was written in English to a new language such as French. However, in many real translation scenarios, there are cases where there are multiple ...
2,121,713,846,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Quantum field theory (QFT) on curved space-time is a semi-classical approximation to quantum gravity in which quantum fields evolve on a fixed background described by a classical metric. An object of fundamental importance in QFT on curved space-time is the renormalized expectat...
2,121,713,846,965
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section {Introduction} Terahertz-range electrodynamics of superconductors is governed by the response of Cooper pairs and thermally activated quasiparticles~\cite{Tinkham1956a,Tinkham1956b,Tinkham1958,Uwe}. The key parameter is the optical gap $2\Delta$ which represents the energy necessary for ...
2,121,713,846,966
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Suffridge polynomials are a central object of study in the theory of univalent polynomials. For example, in the book by P. Duren~\cite{Du}, the ``reference'' for univalent functions, the section on univalent polynomials is devoted almost exclusively to Suffridge polynomials. These polynomials...
2,121,713,846,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study the strong part of the \emph{Existential Closedness Problem} (\emph{strong EC} for short) for the modular $j$ function. The strong EC problem asks to find minimal geometric conditions that an algebraic variety $V\subset\mathbb{C}^{2n}$ should satisfy to ensure that for ever...
2,121,713,846,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-throughput experimental (HTE) research, which consists of synthesis and characterization of specimens with spatially varied processing parameters, has been established as an effective strategy for exploring and optimizing materials. These methods, also known as combinatorial science, have pr...
2,121,713,846,969
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} A galaxy can be defined as a concentration of gas and stars sitting at the bottom of a dark matter potential well \citep[e.g.][]{Mo2010}. In the current cosmological model, Dark Matter (DM) outnumbers baryons (gas and stars) by a factor of roughly one to five, and, at the...
2,121,713,846,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Geodetic and astrometric Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations have been carried out since 1979. Since 1999, the VLBI sessions -- from scheduling to analyses -- have been organized by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry \citep[IVS;][]{Nothnagel2017}. The Vie...
2,121,713,846,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The advancement in semiconductor manufacturing and testing has enabled the system-on-chip~(SoC) design house to incorporate more functionality in modern SoCs that consists of millions of transistors. Consequently, the overall complexity of designing and manufacturing such integr...
2,121,713,846,972
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:qvh-intro} Mesoscopic systems provide a highly powerful platform to design quantum matter,\cite{zhangMoirQuantumChemistry2020, wuHubbardModelPhysics2018, chenTunableMoireSuperlattice2019, ladoDesignerQuantumMatter2021, Andrei2021} with the paradigmatic example of artificial topologi...
2,121,713,846,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Finding a general framework for the description of nonequilibrium processes has been a long standing problem in statistical physics. In particular, there is a substantial body of literature dealing with the microscopic theory of energy, or heat, conduction~\cite{first}\cite{second}\cite{third}\...
2,121,713,846,974
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Soft matter enjoys a rich variety of multiphase equilibria due to the subtle interplay of energetic and entropic forces acting on different length scales. When one of the parameters controlling the system thermodynamics is suddenly changed, however, the phase formation is generally hindered for ...
2,121,713,846,975
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} \paragraph*{Background.} A central rheological property characterizing the linear response of (visco)elastic bodies is the shear relaxation modulus $G(t)$ \cite{RubinsteinBook,WittenPincusBook,DoiEdwardsBook}. Assuming for simplicity an isotropic body, $G(t) = \delta \tau(t)/\d...
2,121,713,846,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many systems evolve guided by the interaction of a large number of constituent parts \cite{newman2018}. Often a property of such systems that is of great interest, is whether or not the system synchronizes \cite{arenas2008,pikovsky2001}. Synchronization is a property which shows up in many contex...
2,121,713,846,977
arxiv
\section{General Theory} \section{Introduction} Euclidean conformal field theory (CFT) describes systems at second order phase transition points where the renormalised correlation length $\xi$ becomes infinite \cite{Cardy1,Zinn-Justin}. For a theory in the bulk, such points, if they exist, are reached when an appropri...
2,121,713,846,978
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Noncommutative analogues of the Gromov-Hausdorff distance \cite{Rieffel00, Latremoliere13,Latremoliere13b,Latremoliere14,Latremoliere15} allow for the discussion of limits for certain sequences unital C*-algebras endowed with a notion of a quantum metric, in a manner which generalizes the notion...
2,121,713,846,979
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Stellar physics is undergoing a revolution thanks to the great wealth of asteroseismic data that have been made available by space missions such as CoRoT \citep{Baglin2006} and {\it Kepler} \citep{Borucki2009}. With the seismic analyses of these stars providing the frequencies...
2,121,713,846,980
arxiv
\section{Elements \& Distinctions Analysis} \subsection{Introduction} Category theory gives a mathematical characterization of naturality \cite{eilen-macl:nat-equi} but not of canonicity, the canonical nature of certain morphisms. The purpose of this paper is to present the \textit{logical theory of canonical ...
2,121,713,846,981
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the great goals for future information technology is to develop new concepts to improve the speed and density of data storage applications for next generation spintronic devices. A highly promising approach to reduce the size of the individual data storage units down to the nanometer scale...
2,121,713,846,982
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Abstract Meaning Representation or AMR \cite{banarescu2013abstract} is a directed graph of labeled concepts and relations that captures sentence semantics. The propositional meaning behind its concepts abstracts away lexical properties. AMR is tree-like in structure as it has a single root node a...
2,121,713,846,983
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Discovering semantic relations between text entities is a key task in natural language understanding. It is a critical component which enables the success of knowledge representation systems such as TextRunner \cite{yates2007textrunner}, ReVerb \cite{fader2011identifying}, and NELL \cite{carlso...
2,121,713,846,984
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Providing computers with emotional understanding along with their current mathematical-logical capabilities is considered a breakthrough in creating more intelligent and less exacerbating behaviors in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) applications \cite{picard2004toward}. An example of an intelli...
2,121,713,846,985
arxiv
\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conlusion} In this work, we present {UnReMix}\@\xspace, a hard negative selection strategy that samples informative negative examples for contrastive training. We define the notion of ``informativeness'' by utilizing feature representations, model uncertainty and rep...
2,121,713,846,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The rise of blockchain systems has renewed interest in the classic problem of consensus, but traditional consensus protocols are not designed for the highly decentralized, heterogeneous environment of blockchains. In a Consensus protocol, processes called \textit{learners...
2,121,713,846,987
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The simile, which is a special type of metaphor, is defined as a figurative expression in which two fundamentally different things are explicitly compared, usually using ``like'' or ``as'' \cite{israel2004simile,simile_sjs}. It is widely used in literature because it can...
2,121,713,846,988
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} The effective potential provides physical insight into the behavior of non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics, and takes into account both nonlinear interactions and random fluctuations to a given number of loops \cite{HPMVb}. It has been used to study transitions in non-equilibri...
2,121,713,846,989
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Small businesses are engines of economic mobility. Self-employment has been shown to lead to wealth accumulation four times that of those who are not self-employed \citep{Misera2020}. Despite this, Black-owned businesses face a number of systemic challenges that can inhibit thei...
2,121,713,846,990
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} A basic theme in the field of extremal combinatorics is the study of the largest size of a structure (e.g. a family of sets) given some combinatorial information concerning it (e.g. restrictions on the intersection of every two sets in the family.) The fundamental example of t...
2,121,713,846,991
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Soon after Hawking's theoretical discovery of black hole evaporation, a number of authors have used scalar relativistic quantum field theory in order to show that apparently there exist thermal radiation effects due entirely to vacuum fluctuations in the case of relativistic noninertia...
2,121,713,846,992
arxiv
\section{Background} The method uses position-based simulation of compliant constraint dynamics, also known as eXtended Position Based Dynamics as the simulation model and the adjoint method to efficiently differentiate through it. We briefly review both here. \subsection{XPBD: Position-Based Simulation of Compliant C...
2,121,713,846,993
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} As autonomous vehicle (AV) operations grow, developing appropriate methods for evaluating AV safety becomes ever more imperative. The question of ``is a vehicle in an unsafe state?'' is relevant for AV system developers, policymakers, and the general public alike (see F...
2,121,713,846,994
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{ch1} The blind source separation (BSS) problem lies in the separation of a mixed signal which is a combination of many independent sources. For instance, separating the voice signal that is the mixed of many people speaking at the same time is the most well-known BSS problem. In the BSS p...
2,121,713,846,995
arxiv
\section{Introduction} From catastrophe theory it is well known that integrals with saddle points may be used to compactly encapsulate the local behaviour of linear wavefields near the underlying organising caustics, see for example \cite{PS96,Berry80}. The saddle points correspond to rays of the underpinning ODEs ...
2,121,713,846,996
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The transition metal dichalcogenide 1\textit{T}-TiSe$_2$\ is a layered compound exhibiting a commensurate (2x2x2) charge density wave (CDW) at low temperature\cite{DiSalvo}. In transport measurements, its signature is a strong anomaly in the resistivity, peaking slightly below the transition tem...
2,121,713,846,997
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}} In 2019 the LHCb Collaboration has announced the measured difference between the time-integrated {\it CP}~ asymmetries of the decays $D^0\to K^+K^-$ and $D^0\to\pi^+\pi^-$ based on pion and muon tagged analyses~\cite{LHCb:2019}. Combining these with previous LHCb results in 201...
2,121,713,846,998
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $p > 2$ be a prime. The purpose of this paper is to study the $p$-adic interpolation of \emph{\'etale Rankin--Eisenstein classes}, which are Galois cohomology classes attached to pairs of modular forms $f, g$ of weights $\ge 2$, forming a ``cohomological avatar'' of the Rankin--Selberg $L$-...
2,121,713,846,999
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Embedding two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), into van der Waals heterostructures offers a wide variety of opportunities for tuning material properties and creating functionalities. These range from the improvement of the homogeneity of light emi...
2,121,713,847,000
arxiv
\section{Appendix~A: Prime tensor rank (a.k.a. Schmidt measure) of a pure state does not imply nonpreparability in the triangle network} \label{app:prime} For multipartite pure states their degree of entanglement can be characterized by the so-called Schmidt measure that was introduced in Ref.~\cite{Eisert2001}, which...
2,121,713,847,001
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Electron cooling is the process of exchanging thermal energy between an ion beam and a co-propagating electron beam moving at the same average velocity. This method can be used to accumulate ions and reduce the emittance of the beam in storage rings and is especially important for future heavy-io...
2,121,713,847,002
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $k$ be a number with $0\le k<1.$ A homeomorphism $f$ of a plane domain $\Omega$ onto another $\Omega'$ is called {\it $k$-quasiconformal} if $f$ has locally integrable distributional derivatives $f_z=(f_x-if_y)/2$ and $f_\zb=(f_x+if_y)/2$ satisfying $|f_\zb|\le k|f_z|$ almost everywhere ...
2,121,713,847,003
arxiv
\section{Introduction} HW Virginis (HW Vir) systems consist of a subdwarf B or OB (sdB or sdOB; hereafter referred to as sdB) plus a main sequence star, which form an eclipsing pair in a compact orbit, $P_{\rm orb} \sim 0.1$ d \citep{Heber2009}. These systems are believed to evolve through a common envelope phase w...
2,121,713,847,004
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Let $G = (V, E)$ be an undirected graph on $n$ vertices. In the classical $k$-coloring problem, we need to color the vertices of the graph using at most $k$ colors such that no pair of adjacent vertices are of the same color. The $k$-coloring problem is NP-complete for $k \geq 3$ an...
2,121,713,847,005
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A classic result in Newtonian gravity is that if a small mass is orbiting inside a large mass of uniform density, such that the orbit is entirely contained in the interior of the large mass, the period of the orbit is fixed by the density of the large mass, and independent of the particulars of ...
2,121,713,847,006
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Structures with spatially modulated dielectric properties (photonic crystals) attract an ever growing interest since the first papers where they were considered.\cite{Yablonovitch,John} This interest is caused by unique opportunities that such structures provide, to affect, in a controllable way...
2,121,713,847,007
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace*{-0.4cm} Fluorescent microscopy suffers from two main sources of degradation: the optical system and the acquisition noise. The optical system has a finite resolution introducing a blur in the observation. This degradation is modeled as convolution with the point spread...
2,121,713,847,008
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the study of extrasolar planets, the observation of planetary transits has a prominent position. It allows us to determine several parameters that are not accessible by other means, shedding more light on the nature of the transiting planet. From the transit light curve itself, the planetary...
2,121,713,847,009
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nucleus objects whose apparent X-ray luminosity exceeds $10^{39}\, \rm erg\ s^{-1}$, the Eddington limit of a typical stellar mass black hole ($\sim 10\rm M_{\odot}$) \citep{Kaaret2017}. Recent studies revealed that some of them are a...
2,121,713,847,010
arxiv
\section{Background} Nowadays, the genome-scale reconstruction of metabolic models has become one of the corner stones of systems biology. Reconstructed metabolic models have been used in a wide range of applications, such as the study of metabolism regulation and operations \cite{r1, r2, r3, r4}, determination of t...
2,121,713,847,011
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tailoring the luminescent properties of single quantum emitters by their coupling to specially-designed photonic nanostructures is a cornerstone of the development of efficient single photon sources for quantum communications and quantum computing. Among various platforms, solid-state single-pho...
2,121,713,847,012
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $S$ be a smooth complex projective surface and $L$ a line bundle on $S$ such that the complete linear system $|L|$ contains smooth, irreducible curves (such a line bundle, or linear system, is often called a {\it Bertini system}). Let \[ p:=p_a(L)= \frac{1}{2} L \cdot (L+K_S) +1, \] be the...
2,121,713,847,013
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The presence of the long scale percolate phase separation in the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganese oxides ${\rm A_{1-x}A'_xMnO_3}$ (A is rare earth element, A$'$ is Ca, Sr, Ba) has been attracting special experimental and theoretical attention for long time. There are two main concepts...
2,121,713,847,014
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \seclab{intro} The parity (P) and time-reversal (T) nonconserving pion-nucleon coupling is a theoretical ingredient in many calculations of electric dipole moments (EDMs) of various systems, such as the neutron, deuteron, various atoms and molecules~\cite{Khr97}. The continuing interest in the...
2,121,713,847,015
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The possibility to have unification of fundamental interactions is one of the main motivations for the physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Partial realization of this dream is an intrinsic feature of the so-called grand unified theories which are hence considered the most natural extensions o...
2,121,713,847,016
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The distribution of molecular gas in the Galactic nucleus has been heavily studied in the so-called central molecular zone (CMZ) \citep{MorSer96} that extends $\pm$ 1.2\degr\ in Galactic longitude or $\pm$ 180 pc projected distance at the IAU standard distance R$_0$ = 8.5 kpc. The mo...
2,121,713,847,017
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In communications engineering it is increasingly accepted that traditional Poisson processes do not succeed in capturing the variability that is typically observed in real call arrival processes \cite{kim2014call,whitt2007coping}. This led to the idea to instead use Cox processes \cite{cox1955c...
2,121,713,847,018
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of haze, due to the presence of aerosols such as dust, mist, and fumes, adds complicated noise to the images captured by cameras. It dramatically degrades the visibility of outdoor images, where contrasts are reduced and surface colors become faint. Moreover, a hazy image will put...
2,121,713,847,019
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is inspired by the discovery by Larsen and Lunts \cite{LL} of a remarkable connection between motivic integration and stable rationality and by the recent development of these ideas by Nicaise and Shinder \cite{NS}, who proved that stable rationality is preserved under specializati...
2,121,713,847,020
arxiv
\section{Artifact Description Appendix: HybridQ: A Hybrid Simulator for Quantum Circuits} \subsection{Abstract} \textbf{\texttt{HybridQ}}\ is a highly extensible platform designed to provide a common framework to integrate multiple state-of-the-art techniques to simulate large scale quantum circuits on a variety of h...
2,121,713,847,021
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently approximation of groups using matrices has gained interest. This approach enriches the field of group approximation, dominated by the investigation of sofic groups and to a certain amount hyperlinear groups. Notably Arzhantseva and P\u{a}unescu in \cite{arzhantsevapaunescu13} studied gro...
2,121,713,847,022
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \emph{Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)} and \emph{Autonomous Vehicles (AV)} heavily rely on a multitude of heterogeneous sensors for environment perception. Among them are radar sensors, that are used for object detection, classification and to directly measure relative ob...
2,121,713,847,023
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Constraint satisfaction problems are fundamental computational problems that arise in many areas of theoretical computer science. In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been concentrated on the classification of those constraint satisfaction problems that can be solved in polynom...
2,121,713,847,024
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The accretion of matter and magnetic fields onto compact objects is the mechanism responsible for powering the most energetic phenomena known in nature. In particular, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which consist of a supermassive black hole accreting material from the central region of a host ...
2,121,713,847,025
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of many-body quantum physics prompts the development of theoretical and numerical techniques to compactly represent and analyze quantum states living in an exponentially large Hilbert space. One of the most prominent examples is a compact representation of a ground state of a one-dimens...
2,121,713,847,026
arxiv
\section{Intorduction}\label{Intro} \subsection{Coercive inequalities and the behaviour of the sub-Laplacian on a Carnot group} The main idea of this work is to investigate the behaviour of certain Markov generators. The operators that we consider are sum of squares of H\"{o}rmander's vector fields. Such operators ...
2,121,713,847,027
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The extensive circumstellar disk of $\beta $ Pic has been subjected to intense scrutiny and interpretation since it was discovered by \cite{smi84}. These studies have been inspired by the possibility that the $\beta $ Pic system might be an analogue to the solar system in its early stages or rep...
2,121,713,847,028
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} The AdS/CFT correspondence~\cite{Maldacena:1997re} provides a powerful theoretical method to understand the strongly coupled field theories in condensed matter physics. A holographic superconductor (superfluid) model has been constructed recently in the work \cite{Gubser:2008px,Hartnoll:2008vx...
2,121,713,847,029
arxiv
\section{Experiments}\label{sec:expts} Our empirical evaluation has two aims. First, to confirm that single-task IL methods fail to generalise beyond the demonstration variant in the \bmname{} suite. Second, to analyse the ways in which the common modifications discussed in \cref{sec:algos} affect generalisation. \s...
2,121,713,847,030
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding galaxy biasing has become one of the most exciting challenges of galaxy formation theories, especially due to the overwhelming data sets that are being acquired at many wavelength, e.g. with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey \citep[SDSS,][]{YorkEtal00}, and other large scale or deep surv...
2,121,713,847,031
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-Intro} \noindent Random Schr\"odinger operators --- most notably, the Anderson Hamiltonian $H=\Delta + \xi$ --- have been a subject of intense research over several decades. Most of the attention has been paid to the character of the spectrum and the ensuing physical consequences for t...
2,121,713,847,032
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In information extraction, named entity recognition (NER) is the task to automatically identify proper nouns in natural language texts and classify them into predefined categories such as person, location or organization. Usually, it is approached as a sequence classification task. For the Englis...
2,121,713,847,033
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Given a graph $\Gamma$ with vertex set $V(\Gamma)$, and a group $G_v$ for each $v\in V(\Gamma)$, the graph product for $(\Gamma, \{G_v\}_{v\in V(\Gamma)})$ is the quotient of the free product of the $G_v$ by the normal closure of the set of all commutators $[g,h]$ where $g$ and $h$ ...
2,121,713,847,034
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, a broad number of works summarized under the name of fluctuations theorems, have lead to significant progress in our understanding of the second law of thermodynamics \cite{Jarzynski2011_vol2,Seifert2012_vol,Harris2007_vol2007}. A central idea, namely the application of thermod...
2,121,713,847,035
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work we would like to face the most common questions we are confronted with in the analysis of the photospheric solar abundances: \begin{itemize} \item ``Are 3D models important in the abundances determination?'' \item ``Are 3D models responsible for the downward revision of the solar m...
2,121,713,847,036
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The neutron drip-line nucleus $^{22}$C is the heaviest Borromean system that we have found so far. An early study for $^{22}$C was done by two of the present authors (W.H. and Y.S.)~\cite{Horiuchi06} with a three-body model of $^{20}\mathrm{C}+n+n$ and predicted an $s$-wave dominance of $...
2,121,713,847,037
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB, Planck Collaboration 2018) have provided percent-accurate constraints to cosmological parameters, strengthening the case for a 6-parameter flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model; this is consistent with most available evidence on large scales, ...
2,121,713,847,038
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The motivation for the present paper comes from different directions. Firstly, as there is considerable literature on circular operators (refer to \cite{Sh}, \cite{Ge}, \cite{A-H-H-K}, \cite{Ml}, \cite{O}), it is natural to look for the higher-dimensional analogs of circular operators. ...
2,121,713,847,039
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Since their discovery, relativistic collimated outflows of matter have been observed in many astrophysical objects and they are known to be associated with accretion flows. Jets reveal themselves at different scales and redshifts, showing an extreme diversity in energetics, shap...
2,121,713,847,040
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article, we will explain current views on the modular representation theory of finite dimensional Hecke algebras. In the last decade, I followed the approach by Dipper and James, and, it has become clear that the language from solvable lattice models, which uses terminology like Fock spa...