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2,869,038,155,628
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of $q$-matroids, introduced by Crapo \cite{crapo1964theory}, has recently attracted renewed attention because of its link to network coding. After the reintroduction of the object by Jurrius and Pellikaan \cite{JP18} and independently that of $(q,r)$-polymatroids by Shiromoto \cite{S19...
2,869,038,155,629
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Monogamy relations of quantum entanglement are important feature of quantum physics that play an important role in quantum information and quantum communication. Monogamy relations confine the entanglement of a quantum system with the other (sub)systems, thus they are closely related to quantum i...
2,869,038,155,630
arxiv
\section{Metric spaces} \label{metric spaces} \setcounter{equation}{0} A \emph{metric space} is a set $M$ equipped with a function $d(x, y)$ defined for $x, y \in M$ such that $d(x, y)$ is a nonnegative real number that is equal to $0$ exactly when $x = y$, \begin{equation} d(y, x) = d(x, y) \end{equ...
2,869,038,155,631
arxiv
\section{Results} \begin{figure}[htbp] \centerline{\scalebox{.4}{\includegraphics{hancockdynfig2_red.eps}}} \caption{(Color online) The real part of the optical conductivity of YbInCu${_{4} }$\ at various temperatures.} \label{fig:x0} \end{figure} Figure \ref{fig:x0} shows the frequency-dependent reflectivity and inf...
2,869,038,155,632
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many chemical reactions occur in a medium, e.g., in a solvent. Explicitly taking this environment into account in super-molecular calculations dramatically increases the computational cost for most quantum mechanical methods. However, as most chemical properties are local a so-called \texti...
2,869,038,155,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction} NOMA has been recognized as a promising candidate for 5G communication systems\cite{Noma_Performace}. In contrast with conventional OMA, e.g., time-division multiple access (TDMA), NOMA serves multiple users simultaneously via power domain division. Early literature on NOMA has mainly focused on...
2,869,038,155,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} The \emph{demixing} problem involves disentangling two (or more) high-dimensional vectors from their linear superposition~\cite{mccoyTropp2014,mccoy2014convexity,soltani2016fast,SoltaniHegde_Asilomar,SoltaniHegde_Globalsip}. In statistical learning applications involving parameter e...
2,869,038,155,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The minimal leptogenesis scenario \cite{FY} is based on the seesaw (type I) mechanism, consisting of the Standard Model (SM) extended by 2 or 3 right-handed (RH) Majorana neutrinos with hierarchical masses. The lightest RH neutrino, produced by thermal scattering after inflation, decays through ...
2,869,038,155,636
arxiv
\section*{Preliminaries} Let $X$ denote a set and $x \in X$ denote its elements. For notational convenience random variables are not distinguished---probability measures on $X$ are denoted $P(X)$. The Cartesian product is denoted $\times$, and for any object $V_i = V_{i1} \times \ldots \times V_{in}$, $\overline{V_i}$...
2,869,038,155,637
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Sound synthesizers have been widely used in music production since the late 50s. Because of their inner complexity, many musicians and producers polish presets' parameters until they reach the desired sound. This procedure is time-consuming and sometimes results in failed ...
2,869,038,155,638
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sustainability is a core component in modern wireless communications, and for the upcoming sixth generation (6G) systems, an energy efficiency (EE) of up to 1 Terabit/Joule is anticipated \cite{white}. Such ultra-high EE is quite challenging with very large active antenna arrays using a large nu...
2,869,038,155,639
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{001} \nopagebreak The observation of solar and very-long-baseline reactor neutrino oscillations due to the squared-mass difference $ \Delta{m}^{2}_{\text{SOL}} = ( 7.59 \pm 0.21 ) \times 10^{-5} \, \text{eV}^{2} $ \protect\cite{0801.4589} and the observation of atmospheric and long-baseli...
2,869,038,155,640
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{cintro} A long--standing problem in astrophysics is a result of our inability to determine the three-dimensional structure of distant objects. This limitation has often inhibited our understanding of the internal structure of even relatively well--defined and isolated astronomical objects...
2,869,038,155,641
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Substantial progress has been accomplished in this last decade on our theoretical understanding of the acceleration of particles at relativistic shocks, revealing in more than one place crucial differences with Fermi acceleration at non-relativistic shock waves. For instance, Gallant \& Achterber...
2,869,038,155,642
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Chest X-rays are the most common imaging modality read by radiologists in hospitals and tele-radiology practices today. With advances in artificial intelligence, there is now the promise of obtaining automated preliminary reads that can expedite clinical workflows, improve accuracy and reduce ove...
2,869,038,155,643
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inflation has established itself as a key idea in our understanding of the universe \cite{inflation}. A single stage of accelerated expansion can explain in one shot why the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, spatially flat, what is the origin of the entropy in the universe and why primordi...
2,869,038,155,644
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The mapping class group $\Mod(S_g)$ of a closed, orientable surface $S_g$ of genus $g$ is the group of homotopy classes of orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of $S_g$. The extended mapping class group $\MCG(S_g)$ is the group of homotopy classes of all homeomorphisms of $S_...
2,869,038,155,645
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and history} Let $\L g$ be a real Lie algebra. A function $\zeta: \mathfrak{g} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is called a \emph{Lie quasi-state} if \[ \zeta(aX + bY) = a\zeta(X) + b\zeta(Y). \] for all $a, b \in \mathbb{R}$ and every pair $(X, Y)$ of \emph{commuting} elements in...
2,869,038,155,646
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ability to measure a qubit with high fidelity is of great importance in quantum computation \cite{Divincenzo2000,Knill2005} and metrology \cite{Blatt2008,Giovannetti2011}, as well as in measurement-based feedback control \cite{Vijay2012,Sayrin2011,Cook2007,Yamamoto2008,Cramer2016,Ofek2016}...
2,869,038,155,647
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} There is general belief that quantum effects dominate in a final stage of some physical phenomena to avoid undesired results predicted by classical theories. In the context of gravitational physics, one may say that the chronology protection conjecture is a manifestation of ...
2,869,038,155,648
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} The problem of water wave transformation in a canal of a variable cross-section is one of the classic problems of theoretical and applied hydrodynamics. It has been studied in many books, reports, and journal papers starting from the first edition (1879) of the famous monograph...
2,869,038,155,649
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High-throughput assays are transforming the study of biology, and are generating a rich, complex and diverse collection of high-dimensional data sets. Joint analyses combining data from different studies and technologies are crucial to improve accuracy of conclusions and to produce generalizable...
2,869,038,155,650
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Preliminaries} The notion of fractal interpolation function (FIF in what follows) has proved to be an attractive strategy to produce interpolants and approximants for a wide class of problems. The basic setting of FIF as defined by Barnsley \cite{MF1} stems from the concept of iterated funct...
2,869,038,155,651
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The scintillation that a photonic quantum state experience as it propagates through a turbulent atmosphere is a topic of considerable importance for free-space quantum communication. The evolution of the quantum state in this scenario can be considered, using a single phase screen (SPS) model ...
2,869,038,155,652
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Peculiar velocity can be a powerful probe of cosmology. On one hand, peculiar velocity causes redshift space distortion \cite{Kaiser1987}, thus to get cosmological information from galaxy surveys, one needs to model the peculiar velocity as well. On the other hand, redshift space distortion cau...
2,869,038,155,653
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Peak demand is the time when consumer demand for electricity is at its highest. In distribution systems, the installed power transfer capacity must be greater than the expected annual peak demand. However, in reality, it has become common for forecast electricity demand to exceed the distribution...
2,869,038,155,654
arxiv
\section{#1}} \def{\rm d}{{\rm d}} \def\mbox{ Log} {\mbox{ Log} } \newcommand{\boldsymbol}{\boldsymbol} \newcommand{\hhat}[1]{\hat {\hat{#1}}} \newcommand{\el}[1]{\label{#1}} \newcommand{\er}[1]{\eqref{#1}} \newcommand{\df}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \newcommand{\mdf}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}} \newcommand{\pslash}[1]{#1\llap{\sl/}}...
2,869,038,155,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A prediction of the strength of future solar cycles is of interest because a) expected future levels of solar activity have implications for space missions and for foreseeing potential hazards due to `space weather', and b) it can be used to test theoretical models of the sola...
2,869,038,155,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} In preceding papers of ours (see mainly \cite{conc1,adv}) the arguments have been proved leading to the conclusion that the hidden-variable (HV) theory should be preferred to the Copenhagen quantum mechanics. The results based on these arguments have been presented to the conference ...
2,869,038,155,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The achievement of producing Bose--Einstein condenstates with ultracold dilute gases of atoms has seen a wealth of theoretical and experimental activity. One enticing prospect of Bose-Einstein condensates is that they may allow for a better understanding of the interface between classical and qu...
2,869,038,155,658
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{E}{llipse} detection is a fundamental technique in image processing field and plays an indispensable role in shape detection and geometric measurement. Actually, ellipse detector can be utilized to handle various real-world problems. In PCB inspection field, ...
2,869,038,155,659
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large deviations are used extensively in Physics (thermodynamics, statistical mechanics) as well as in Mathematics (information theory, stochastic analysis, mathematical finance) to estimate the exponential decay of probability measures of rare events. Varadhan~\cite{Varadhan}, Schilder~\cite{S...
2,869,038,155,660
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} At large momentum scale, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts asymptotic freedom \cite{J-Gross,D-Politzer} or a remarkable weakening in the running strong coupling. Accordingly, phase transition takes place from hadrons in which quarks and gluons are conjectured to remain ...
2,869,038,155,661
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} {\bf Universal quantum gates lie at the heart of designing quantum computer. We construct two compact quantum circuits to implement post-selected controlled-phase-flip (CPF) gate and Toffoli gate with linear optics assisted by one and two single photons, respectively. The current existing maximum s...
2,869,038,155,662
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Rotations of objects characterize one of the fundamental properties of the dynamics and can be measured by various optical techniques. It is however significantly limited on the nanoscale owing to the difficulty of acquiring directional information under the optical diffraction limit. For chara...
2,869,038,155,663
arxiv
\section{Quantum Measurements} The chief ingredients for a quantum measurement on a quantum system are i) an appropriate apparatus, with well defined pointer states $P_i$ (these, in the present folklore, are to be determined by suitable apparatus decoherence processes), and an appropriate measurement interaction ${\c...
2,869,038,155,664
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pulsars are very efficient particle accelerators as witnessed by they broad band electromagnetic spectrum from radio \citep{manchester_australia_2005} up to very high-energy, GeV \citep{abdo_second_2013}, and sometimes TeV emission like for the Crab \citep{ansoldi_teraelectronvolt_2016} and Vela...
2,869,038,155,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological groupoids are extensively used in dynamics, topology, non-commutative geometry, and $C^*$-algebras, see~\cite{haefl:foliations,paterson:gr,renault:groupoids}. With recent results on topological full groups (see~\cite{matui:etale,juschenkomonod,YNS}) new applications of groupoids to ...
2,869,038,155,666
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{} Higher Education Institutions (HEI) are operating in an ever-increasingly competitive and dynamic environment. The recently accelerated transition to online learning by many institutions has been one of the key drivers of these emerging pressures. Within this context, student retention r...
2,869,038,155,667
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coupled SUSY (CSusy) was introduced in \cite{coupledsusy} in connection with quantum mechanical systems in presence of some particular ladder operators. A simple example of CSusy is provided by the quantum harmonic oscillator, but other examples are discussed in \cite{coupledsusy}. Many relevan...
2,869,038,155,668
arxiv
\section{Introduction } Let $H$ and $K$ be two complex Hilbert spaces and $\mathcal{B}(H, K)$ be the Banach space of all bounded linear operators from $H$ into $K$. In the case $K=H$, $\mathcal{B}(H,H)$ is simply denoted by $\mathcal{B}(H) $ which is a Banach algebra. For $T\in \mathcal{B}(H,K)$, we set $\math...
2,869,038,155,669
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The role played by symmetry in the understanding and development of physics can hardly be overstated. It is an important part of the process of building mathematical models of the physical world, and is often crucial for their solubility in both classical and quantum settings. Less widely re...
2,869,038,155,670
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a seminal paper, \citet{ai94} proposed an interpretation of the instrumental variables (IV) estimand as a Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) \textendash{} an average effect for a subpopulation of ``compliers'' compelled to change treatment status by an external instrument. The plausibility...
2,869,038,155,671
arxiv
\section*{Results} \subsection*{Electron band lying just above $E_F$} Figure 1(a) shows an intensity plot of $E$ vs. $k$ (energy vs. momentum) measured at 25 K ($> T_c$ = 14.5 K) along $\Gamma$-$X$ line in the Brillouin zone of FeTe$_{0.6}$Se$_{0.4}$ after dividing by the Fermi-Dirac (FD) function broadened with the ...
2,869,038,155,672
arxiv
\section{St\"uckelberg Qubits.} The scaling of Bekenstein entropy \cite{Bekenstein} as the black hole area in Planck units, $S_{BH} = (R/L_P)^2$, suggests that the information is stored in some boundary qubit degrees of freedom, one per each Planck-area-size pixel. This approach is usually called the pri...
2,869,038,155,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \noindent In this paper, we consider a maximizing problem associated with Sobolev type embedding $BV(\Bbb R^N)\hookrightarrow L^r(\Bbb R^N)$ for $1\leq r\leq 1^*:=\frac{N}{N-1}$ with $N\geq 2$, where $BV$ denotes the space of bounded variation, see \cite{G} and Section 2....
2,869,038,155,674
arxiv
\section{Side-gate controlled QPCs} Our device consists of a monolayer graphene crystal encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride~\cite{Dean2010}. The stack is deposited on a SiO$_2$/Si substrate, which serves as the back-gate (BG). We use conventional electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching to fabricate thre...
2,869,038,155,675
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \section{Introduction} The search for $\gamma$-rays from radio galaxies is important for the understanding of the dynamics and structure of jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Even though radio galaxies are AGN with jets, their jet is not oriented toward the observer and therefore the radiation ...
2,869,038,155,676
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation} \subsubsection{Background} Since Marstrand's seminal paper \cite{Marstrand1954}, several authors have sought to improve and generalize the so-called Marstrand projection Theorem. Let us recall the basic Euclidean setup in any dimension, as in \cite{Mattila1995} (Marstran...
2,869,038,155,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:INT} Large-scale spiral magnetic field (B-field) structures are frequently observed in spiral galaxies \citep[e.g.,][]{Beck2019,SALSAVI}. These B-fields are thought to be generated via a mean-field dynamo driven by differential rotation of the galactic disk and turbulent helical mot...
2,869,038,155,678
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The subject of this paper is the rigorous derivation of quasistatic evolution models for nonlinearly elastic - finitely plastic plates. The problem of deriving lower dimensional models for thin structures has been intensively studied since the early 90's by means of a rigorous approach based on $...
2,869,038,155,679
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} EXO~0748--676\ is an intensively studied low-mass X-ray binary that was initially discovered with the European X-ray Observatory SATellite (\textit{EXOSAT}) in 1985 February \citep{parmar1985}. However, in retrospect the source already appeared active in \textit{EXOSAT}\ slew sur...
2,869,038,155,680
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observational indications for the dark matter and dark energy have stipulated the active development of variety of models, including those of modifications of Newton's gravity and of General Relativity (GR). Various principles are taken as bases in those models, such as scalar-tensor, f(R) t...
2,869,038,155,681
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_{\mu} = (g-2)_{\mu}/2$, stands as an enduring test of the Standard Model (SM), where the $\sim3.5\sigma$ (or higher) discrepancy between the experimental measurement $a_{\mu}^{\rm exp} = 11\ 659 \ 209.1 \ (5.4) \ (3.3) \times 10^{-10}$~\cite{Bennet...
2,869,038,155,682
arxiv
2,869,038,155,683
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} Turbulence in ordinary fluids such as air or water consists of rotational eddies of different sizes which we term vortices\index{subject}{vortices}. Vortices\index{subject}{vortices!quantum vortices} therefore are a hallmark sign...
2,869,038,155,684
arxiv
\section{Introduction} LiDAR, radar, and camera are the three main sensory modalities employed by the perception system of an autonomous driving vehicle. Though LiDAR-based 3D object detection is very popular in high-level autonomy, its wide adoption is still limited by some unsolved issues. First, LiDAR is prone to ad...
2,869,038,155,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of field theory in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spaces, which topologically are hyperbolic maximally symmetric spaces, has been revived over the past two years following the so-called Maldacena conjecture relating type IIB supergravity on AdS$_5$ $\times$ $S^5$ with $\mathcal{N}=4$, $U(N)$ Supe...
2,869,038,155,686
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1997 we put forward the idea that the remarkable sharpness of the knee at 3-4 PeV in the cosmic ray (CR) energy spectrum is due to the dominant contribution of a single source. This sharpness could be the consequence of the sharp cutoff of the maximum accelerated energy in the source. Anoth...
2,869,038,155,687
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:int} The production of charm quarks at HERA has been studied both in deep inelastic scattering (DIS)~\cite{pl:b407:402,np:b545:21,epj:c12:35,pl:b528:199,pr:d69:012004} and photoproduction~\cite{np:b472:32,epj:c6:67,np:b729:492,epj:c47:597,hep-ex-0608042}. In general, reasonable ag...
2,869,038,155,688
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[h] \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=.98\linewidth]{IR_vit_curves.png} \end{center} \caption{An estimation of the intrinsic dimension of the hidden activations of $5,000$ ImageNet images using MLE and TwoNN within a ViT model. We include the stable rank for comparison. Input a...
2,869,038,155,689
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The number and devastating impacts of natural disasters have grown significantly worldwide. The latest report released by Munich Re (2020) states that natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and other disasters caused more than \$210 billion estimated damage worldwide, while ...
2,869,038,155,690
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}0 The statistical-mechanical origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy \cite{Hawk:75}, \cite{Beke:72} is one of the most intriguing problems of the black hole physics. There exist several promising approaches to this problem: string theory approach (see for a review Ref. \cit...
2,869,038,155,691
arxiv
\section*{Abstract}{\small The boundary between professional and amateur astronomers gets narrower and narrower. We present several real examples, most of them published in refereed journals, of works resulting from fruitful collaborations between key amateur astronomers in Spain and professional colleagues. The comm...
2,869,038,155,692
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In the Solar System, the orbits of all the planets are nearly coplanar (within 4 degrees, except for Mercury). The ecliptic (the plane of the Earth's orbit) is also close to the equatorial plane of the Sun: the spin-orbit misalignment is only $\beta_\oplus=7.5^\circ$. T...
2,869,038,155,693
arxiv
\section{Preliminary results} Throughout $L$ will denote a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field $F$. We denote algebra direct sums by `$\oplus$', whereas vector space direct sums will be denoted by `$\dot{+}$'. If $B$ is a subalgebra of $L$ we define $B_L$, the {\em core} (with respect to $L$) of $B$ to be the ...
2,869,038,155,694
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Emphasis Selection recently proposed by \cite{shirani-etal-2019-learning} aims to select candidate words for emphasis in short sentences. By emphasizing words, people's intent can be better conveyed, which is useful in a variety of applications. For example, it can be used in spoken language pro...
2,869,038,155,695
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The Langvin model is a very important model to describe the diffusion behavior in non-equilibrium systems, and it has been widely applied to various phenomena in physics, chemistry and biology. The Langevin model is usually transformed to the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) which deals with the p...
2,869,038,155,696
arxiv
\section{Implementation Details} \label{sec:implementation-details} We train all models on a RTX8000 (48GB) GPU. The hyperparameters for pretraining and fine-tuning are given in Table ~\ref{tab:hyperparameters}. The only hyperparameter we sweeped over is learning rate (1e-5, 5e-5, 1e-4, 5e-4, 1e-3). The number of ep...
2,869,038,155,697
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\varphi:(M^m,g)\longrightarrow (N^n,h)$ be a smooth map between Riemannian manifolds. The $p$-energy functional of $\varphi$ is defined by \begin{equation}\label{eq1.1} E_{p}(\varphi;D)=\frac{1}{p}\int_{D}|d\varphi|^pv_{g}, \end{equation} where $D$ is a compact domain in $M$, $|d\varp...
2,869,038,155,698
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Electron transport through nanoscale structures is a stochastic process due to the randomness of the individual tunneling events. Quantum correlations and electron-electron interactions can strongly influence the transport process and thus the statistics of transferred charges. Full counting s...
2,869,038,155,699
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent discovery of QAH effect in a magnetic insulator has attracted considerable interest in this new state of quantum matter~\cite{qi2006,qi2008,liu2008,li2010,wang2011,yu2010,onoda2003,xiao2011,ruegg2011,chang2013b,wang2013a,wang2013b}. In a QAH insulator, theoretically predicted in magne...
2,869,038,155,700
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coherence, the most fundamental quantum feature of a nonclassical system, stems from quantum superposition principle which reveals the wave particle duality of matter. It has been shown that coherence plays the key roles in the physical dynamics in biology \cite{Engel,Plenio,Coll,loyd,licm,Huel...
2,869,038,155,701
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study locally finite CW complexes $X_{m,n}$ which are combinatorial models for the Baumslag--Solitar groups $BS(m,n)$. The group $BS(m,n)$ acts freely and cocompactly on $X_{m,n}$ with quotient space $Z_{m,n}$ homeomorphic to the standard presentation $2$--complex of $BS(m,n)$. ...
2,869,038,155,702
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secintroduction} Current traffic laws represent relatively stable driving regulations followed by the majority of drivers, which is essential for ensuring driving safety. However, monitoring a vehicle behaviour’s law compliance can provide substantial evidence for the traceability of traff...
2,869,038,155,703
arxiv
\section{Note to Practitioners} \section{Introduction} Sampled optimisation problems can comprise a great number of sampled constraints. They constitute an important category of problems that are widely encountered in the scenario approach~\citep{calafiore_uncertain_2004,calafiore2012mixed,CampiBook2018}, and also wit...
2,869,038,155,704
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Owing to the high precision and long duration time series provided during the last decade by space missions such as {\it Kepler} \citep{Borucki2010,Koch2010}, K2 \citep{2014PASP..126..398H}, and CoRoT \citep{Auvergne2009}, the field of asteroseismology has led a revolution in stellar astrophysic...
2,869,038,155,705
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Red giants are evolved low mass stars which left the main sequence after burning all the hydrogen in their core. In the Hertzsprung--Russell (HR) diagram, they are located in a narrow temperature range: $3500~\leqslant~T_{\mathrm{eff}}~\leqslant~5600$ K and in a broader luminosi...
2,869,038,155,706
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section:introduction} Optimization techniques have been widely applied in many scientific and engineering applications. For instance, in the field of artificial intelligence, researchers often attempt to optimize various machine learning models, e.g. tuning hyper-pa...
2,869,038,155,707
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper concerns the energy distribution in the final state of deeply inelastic lepton scattering. Using a naive parton model, one would predict that the scattered parton appears as a single narrow jet at a certain angle $(\theta_*,\phi_*)$ in the detector. Taking hard QCD interactions in...
2,869,038,155,708
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reliable maps of the coronal density are important for linking various solar wind structures to the low solar atmosphere, for studies of the coronal response to the solar cycle, and for space weather applications: either as an inner boundary conditions for solar wind models, or for direct ballis...
2,869,038,155,709
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is the characteristic feature of soft matter systems that a macromolecular component of nano- to micrometer size is dispersed in a solvent of much smaller molecules. The mesoscopic length scale of the dispersed component implies that crystalline phases have a very small shear modulus -- whic...
2,869,038,155,710
arxiv
\subsection{Homogeneous flat spaces} \label {homogeneous flat spaces}\ \smallskip In this section we will prove the well known result that any connected transitive Lie subgroup of the isometry group of $\mathbb{R}^n$ must contain a pure translation. As it will become clear in the following sections, the constructions ...
2,869,038,155,711
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The HIE-LINAC strives to increase the energy and quality of post-accelerated radioactive ion beams (RIBs) delivered by the ISOLDE nuclear facility at CERN~\cite{tech_opts}. The linac will comprise of two dedicated sections for low and high energy, containing cavities designed with geometric redu...
2,869,038,155,712
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The relatively long wavelengths and large oscillator strengths of the Mg\,II absorbers make these systems accessible to ground-based spectrographs at $z\gtrsim0.11$, a redshift range where large galaxy samples can be effectively collected using 4-m class telescopes. Early studies of host can...
2,869,038,155,713
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a variety of reasons, including unequal access to primary education, family support, and enrichment activities, different demographic groups can vary widely in their level of preparation by the time they reach their senior year of high school, when they apply for college. In an attempt to co...
2,869,038,155,714
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The following observation, now referred to as the Unruh effect, was made by W. Unruh in 1976 \cite{u}. When a detector, coupled to a relativistic quantum field in its vacuum state, is uniformly accelerated through Minkowski spacetime, with proper acceleration $a$, it registers a {\em thermal...
2,869,038,155,715
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The emission from BL Lacertae objects is dominated by the intense relativistic boosted non--thermal continuum produced within a relativistic jet closely aligned with the line of sight, making these objects (together with Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars, the other subgroup of the {\it blazars} fa...
2,869,038,155,716
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spaces of genuine Bianchi modular forms have been used Berger, Demb\'el\'e, Pacetti and \c{S}eng\"un to construct evidence for the Brumer--Kramer paramodularity conjecture and the Eichler--Shimura conjecture~\cite{BergerDembelePacettiSengun}. This evidence however consists so far in just one Abe...
2,869,038,155,717
arxiv
\section*{Compliance with ethical standards} \begin{sloppypar} \noindent \textbf{Funding} This study was funded by the Funda\c{c}\~ao de Amparo \`a Pesquisa do Estado de S\~ao Paulo - FAPESP (grant no. 2016/13474-9), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\'ifico e Tecnol\'ogico - CNPq (grant no. 400284/2016-2) a...
2,869,038,155,718
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Organizations are now using algorithmic models\footnote{Throughout this paper, we refer to a large class of algorithmic models using the now-common term ``algorithms'', especially those created through statistical modeling and machine learning.} (``algorithms'') in a variety of important domains,...
2,869,038,155,719
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Thanks to the advance of modern X-ray telescopes such as \textit{Chandra} and \textit{XMM-Newton}, and the synergy with radio observations, we now know that isolated neutron stars (NSs) can manifest themselves as pulsars (PSRs) with a surface dipole magnetic field spanning more ...
2,869,038,155,720
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{0.5cm} The problem of quantum quench, i.e. the response of a system to a time dependent coupling, has recently attracted a lot of attention in several areas of many-body physics, particularly because of progress in cold atom experiments \cite{sengupta},\cite{CCa},\cite{CCc}. This p...
2,869,038,155,721
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The electromagnetic current-current correlator at finite temperature is one of the very important quantity to characterize the medium, produced in high energy heavy ion collisions. The explicit dynamical structure of this quantity for hadronic matter (HM) is directly linked wit...
2,869,038,155,722
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} Most real life signals are non--stationary and non--linear. Standard techniques like Fourier or wavelet transform prove to be unable to capture properly their hidden features \cite{cicone2017dummies}. For this reason Huang et al. proposed in 1998 a new kind of algorithm, cal...
2,869,038,155,723
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The understanding of the structure of nucleons is one of the most important and interesting research subject in modern nuclear physics. The ultimate goal would be to have a complete description of quarks/gluons position and momenta inside a hadron, which is not easy because ...
2,869,038,155,724
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) phase produced in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is expected to have a transient existence and the information about the space-time evolution and dynamics this hot and dense matter are obtained from the various final state observables. Photons (real as well ...
2,869,038,155,725
arxiv
\section{\normalsize Introduction} In this paper we propose an inexact augmented Lagrangian algorithm~(ALCC) for solving conic convex problems of the form \begin{equation} \label{eq:conic_problem} (P): \min \big\{\rho(x) + \gamma(x) : Ax-b\in\mathcal{K},~ x \in \chi\big\}, \end{equation} where $\rho:\mathbb{R}^n\rig...
2,869,038,155,726
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The author thanks Christian Fleischhack for numerous discussions and many helpful comments on several drafts of this dissertation. He thanks Johannes Aastrup, Martin Laubinger and Benjamin Schwarz for continued support, in particular, at the beginning of his doctoral studies. He is grateful...
2,869,038,155,727
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} NGC\,1241 is a Seyfert\,2 galaxy \citep{veron98} which presents a complex morphology in the innermost 1.5\,kpc. P$\alpha$ imagery shows the presence of an emitting circumnuclear ring of star formation (CNR) with a brightness peak at a radius of $710\pm80$\,pc. It also shows a 0.3\,kpc long bar a...