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2,869,038,155,828
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} It is a well-established fact that our Universe is currently undergoing accelerated cosmological expansion \citep{Farooqetal2017, Scolnicetal2018, PlanckCollaboration2020, eBOSSCollaboration2021}. This observational fact can be explained by general relativistic cosmologi...
2,869,038,155,829
arxiv
\section{Two-dimensional channel models}\label{sec:background} As in \cite{molkaraie2013information} we consider the $2$-D $(1,\infty)$ run-length limited constrained channel. The $2$-D $(1,\infty)$ run-length limited constraint implies that no two horizontally or vertically adjacent bits on a $2$-D lattice may be both...
2,869,038,155,830
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The diffractive scattering is a process where the colliding particles scatter at very small angles and without any color flux in the final state. This involves a propagator carrying the vacuum quantum numbers, called Pomeron and described, in the soft regime, within the Regge theory. Since the f...
2,869,038,155,831
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Increasing the sample size is the most common way to improve the performance of statistical estimators. In some cases (see, for instance, the experiments of \citet{Evgeniou} on customer data analysis or those of \citet{jacob:clustered} on molecule binding problems), having access to some ne...
2,869,038,155,832
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A variety of population dynamics and physiological processes can be described as the following equation \begin{equation}\label{eq2} x'(t)=-a(t)x(t) + \l b(t)f(x(t)). \end{equation} Periodic solutions of the type problems have attracted much attention, see e.g. \cite{JIANGWEI2002,OReganWang20...
2,869,038,155,833
arxiv
\section{Introduction}} Finding the ground state of a quantum many-body system is a fundamental problem with far-reaching consequences for physics, materials science, and chemistry. Many powerful methods \cite{HohenbergKohn, NobelKohn, CEPERLEY555,SandvikSSE,becca_sorella_2017, DMRG1,DMRG2} have been proposed, but cla...
2,869,038,155,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On general grounds, it is thought that metallicity will affect the endpoints of stellar evolution, e.g., the relative outcomes in terms of different supernova types and the observed properties of each. Metals are a source of opacity that affects supernova progenitors \citep[e.g.,][]{kudritzki00...
2,869,038,155,835
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \begin{figure*}[htbp] \centering \begin{center} \scriptsize \includegraphics*[width=7.1in]{./photo/Motivation.pdf} \caption{\textcolor{black}{\textbf{Motivation demonstration of the CGTP framework.}} \textcolor{black}{In (a), the goal-oriented trajectory pre...
2,869,038,155,836
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The elementary fermions that make up the proton and the neutron are called quarks. These fundamental particles are strongly interacting and have been successfully described by a non-Abelian color gauge theory called quantum chromodynamics, or QCD for short. In QCD the gauge group is the color ...
2,869,038,155,837
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dynamical studies of the central regions of nearby inactive galaxies have revealed that supermassive black holes (BHs; {$M_{\rm BH}$}\ $\approx 10^6-10^9$ $M_\odot$) are ubiquitous, and that their masses are strongly coupled to the host galaxy's bulge luminosity (Kormendy \& Richstone 1995; M...
2,869,038,155,838
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Type Ic supernovae (SNe) are hydrogen-stripped core-collapse explosions (CCSNe) of massive stars with M$_{ZAMS} \ga 8 M_{\odot}$ that show no evidence for hydrogen and helium in their spectra \citep{Filippenko97}. Potential candidates for type Ic SN progenitors are massive Wolf ...
2,869,038,155,839
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods have gained increasing popularity in the last decades for solving the compressible and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations \cite{Ferrer2017,Manzanero2018b,Wang2013High,Fraysse2016,Browne2014a,Cockburn1998}. The lack of a continuity constraint on element in...
2,869,038,155,840
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:introduction} In an effort to understand the canonical model of $\bar{M}_g$, Hassett and Keel initiated a program to give modular interpretations to the log canonical models \[ \bar{M}_g(\alpha) := \operatorname{Proj} \bigoplus_{d \ge 0} \HH^0(\bar{\cM}_g, \lfloor d( K_{\bar{\cM}_g} + \a...
2,869,038,155,841
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} In 1948 classic paper \cite{Shannon}, Shannon introduced the entropy power, \begin{equation*} N(X)=\exp\left(\frac2nH(X)\right). \end{equation*} and gave a proof of entropy power inequality(EPI) \eqref{EPI} for independent random variables $X$ and $Y$, \begin{equation}\la...
2,869,038,155,842
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inferring the parameters of sources of gravitational-waves (GW) such as compact binaries detected by LIGO~\cite{TheLIGOScientific:2014jea} and Virgo~\cite{TheVirgo:2014hva} is based on the evaluation of the Bayesian posterior probability of fifteen or more parameters that govern the shape of th...
2,869,038,155,843
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} \end{center} We report on x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies of the paramagnetic (Mn,Co)-co-doped ZnO and ferromagnetic (Fe,Co)-co-doped ZnO nano-particles. Both the surface-sensitive total-electron-yield mode and the bulk-sensitive total-flu...
2,869,038,155,844
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lung Ultrasound (LUS) imaging has presented itself to be an effective bedside tool for monitoring COVID-19 patients \cite{Mento2020On2019, Raheja2019ApplicationReview, Amatya2018DiagnosticSetting}. Several AI based applications have emerged that help with diagnosis and identification of COVID-1...
2,869,038,155,845
arxiv
\section{adapter Synthesis} \label{sec:adapter_synthesis} \subsection{An Algorithm for adapter Synthesis} The idea of counterexample-guided synthesis is to alternate between synthesizing candidate adapter expressions, and checking whether those expressions meet the desired specification. When a candidate adapter e...
2,869,038,155,846
arxiv
\section{}\label{} \newcommand{MLHarness}{MLHarness} \section{Introduction} \input{src/1-introduction} \section{Background} \input{src/2-background} \section{MLHarness{} Implementation} \input{src/3-harness} \section{Experimental Results} \input{src/4-result} \section{Conclusion} \input{src/5-conclusion}...
2,869,038,155,847
arxiv
\section{Causal quantum geometry in two dimensions} \label{intro:sec} The approach of Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) \cite{physrep} provides concrete evidence that one must include causal, Lorentzian properties in the nonperturbative gravitational path integral in order for the associated quantum gravity theor...
2,869,038,155,848
arxiv
\section{Appendix} We shows the details of our evaluation metrics in Section \ref{setting} and comparison methods in Section \ref{compare}. Also, more examples of phrases annotations are shown in Table \ref{examples} \begin{table*}[h!] \label{examples} \centering \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.} \renewcommand...
2,869,038,155,849
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this work, we are concerned with the Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivative defined by \cite{kft} \begin{equation}\label{hh} (_{H}{\mathscr{D}}_{a^+}^{\alpha,\beta}f)(x)=(_{H}{\mathscr{I}}_{a^+}^{\beta(1-\alpha)}{_{H}{\mathscr{D}}_{a^+}^{\alpha+\beta(1-\alpha)}}f)(x),\qquad 0<\alpha<1,0\leq\...
2,869,038,155,850
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Particle collisions at high energies produce large numbers of secondaries and it is natural to try a statistical-thermal model to analyse these. This type of analysis has a long and proud history~\cite{koppe,fermi,hagedorn} and led to the successful explanation of $m_T$ scaling which is a natur...
2,869,038,155,851
arxiv
\section{\label{sec: Intro} Introduction} Laser-plasma acceleration (LPA) is a particle acceleration scheme that uses an ultrafast intense laser pulse to create a plasma wave that can sustain strong acceleration gradients of hundreds of GV/m to achieve electron acceleration over short distances \cite{lpatajima, lpaesar...
2,869,038,155,852
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The stable set polytope of a graph $G$, $\STAB(G)$, is one of the most studied polyhedra related to set packing problems. In 1975, Chv\'atal~\cite{Ch75} gave a characterization of the adjacency of its vertices: the characteristic vectors of two stable sets $S$ and $S'$ of $G$ a...
2,869,038,155,853
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The authors wish to thank the Australian Research Council for supporting this work under grant numbers FL0992016 \& CE11E0082 for MET, and DP0986932 \& FT100100025 for TLD. JMM is supported by IARPA under ARO award W911NF-09-1-0375.
2,869,038,155,854
arxiv
\section*{The Information and Media Choice Models} \subsection*{An Abundance of Information Drives Increasing Information Utility Rates} When animals hunt for prey they are selective with their diet \cite{stephenskrebs1986foraging}. In times of scarcity they are less selective \cite{stephenskrebs1986foraging}, for ex...
2,869,038,155,855
arxiv
\section{Preparation of $\ket{D_{m}}$ . \label{appendixI} } \subsection{Coupling to a common environment.} Let us consider first the hamiltonian part describing the atom-photon coupling for an optical transition $\ket{g}\longleftrightarrow\ket{e}$, coupled to 1D photonic reservoir. In this case, the hamiltonian is gi...
2,869,038,155,856
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The vibrant experimental programs pursued at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have ushered in a new era of exploration of systems governed by the nuclear strong interaction. One of the remarkable features that emerged from investigating t...
2,869,038,155,857
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Statistical Mechanics the Ising model is one of the most important model. One possible extension of the Ising model is the Potts one. An excellent review is \cite{W}. Recent works about the Potts model are \cite{CS},\cite{BR} and \cite{CS2}. The Potts model can be described as follows: Consid...
2,869,038,155,858
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With a few exceptions, models of optimal stopping time problems assume that the player is able to terminate the underlying stochastic dynamics immediately after the decision to stop, or to bring a new project online without any delays after the decision to invest. In fact, both stopping st...
2,869,038,155,859
arxiv
\section{Model and method} \textit{Model and method.} We investigate the extended spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ XY model with a uniform scalar chiral term using both infinite and finite size DMRG methods~\cite{ITensorandTenPy,tenpy} in the language of matrix product states~\cite{schollwock2011density}. We use the cylindric...
2,869,038,155,860
arxiv
\section{Networks of firms} \label{intro} Firms are not simply independent agents competing for customers on markets. Their activity involves many interactions, and some of them even involve some kind of cooperation. Interactions among firms might include: \begin{itemize} \item information exchange\cite{Davis}\cit...
2,869,038,155,861
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Federated Learning (FL) allows distributed clients to collaborate and train a centralized global model without the transmission of local data. In practice, mobile and edge devices that are equipped with drastically different computation and communication capabilities are becoming the dominant...
2,869,038,155,862
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} The hadronic final states that can be produced in $\tau$ lepton decays, provide a clean environment to study the dynamics of strong interactions at energies below the $\tau$ lepton mass. The leading weak interactions that drives the flavor transitions in these decays are dressed...
2,869,038,155,863
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Blogs have become an important medium of communication and information on the World Wide Web. Due to their accessible and timely nature, they are also an intuitive source for data involving the spread of information and ideas. By examining linking propagation patterns from one...
2,869,038,155,864
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have been widely applied in many areas for more than 40 years \citep{hastings70monte}. In particular, they are successful when the target distribution $\pi$ is available only up to a normalizing constant. To sample from such a distribution, various MCMC al...
2,869,038,155,865
arxiv
\section{Appendix} The three-loop 1PI diagrams of the fermion propagator. \begin{figure}[h] \begin{center} \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{Fig1} \end{center} \end{figure} \begin{figure}[h] \begin{center} \includegraphics[scale=1.0]{Fig2} \end{center} \end{figure} \newpage The contributions to $Z_2^{-1}$ from different ...
2,869,038,155,866
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The authors would like to especially thank Damien Woods and Pierre-Etienne Meunier for valuable discussions, guidance, and suggestions. \ifabstract \later{ } \fi \iffull \fi \bibliographystyle{abbrv} % \section{A Nondeterministic CA Which Can Simulate Any aTAM System}\label{CAIU4aTAM} In ...
2,869,038,155,867
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Sentiment lexicons play a crucial role in many existing and emerging opinion mining applications. Not only do they serve as a valuable source of features for supervised classifiers \cite{Mohammad:13,Zhu:14} but they also achieve competitive results when used as the main compone...
2,869,038,155,868
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exactly solvable quantum mechanical models proved to be invaluable tools in the understanding of many fundamental quantum mechanical concepts. In particular, they give insight into complex phenomena, like the symmetries of quantum mechanical systems, and they also allow the investigation o...
2,869,038,155,869
arxiv
\section{Nanofiber Modes} \label{sec: fiber eigenmodes} It is useful to quantize both the displacement field $\op{\ufield}(\vec{\positionsymbol})$ and the electric field $\op{\Efield}(\vec{\positionsymbol})$ in terms of eigenmodes of the nanofiber, modeled as a cylinder of radius $R$. \subsection{Flexural Phonons} \...
2,869,038,155,870
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intros} The Crab Nebula, the relic of a stellar explosion recorded by Chinese astronomers in 1054, has a special place in the history of astronomy. It is our most frequently observed laboratory for high-energy astrophysics. Located at a distance of $\approx2$ kpc, the system is energi...
2,869,038,155,871
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec.Intro} In recent years, modern engineering systems have become larger and more complex than ever, as large-scale systems and networked control systems have become much more common, and the ``system-of-systems" philosophy has become the dominant design methodology. Coincidentally, specif...
2,869,038,155,872
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Energy storage devices provide flexibility to alter the consumption behavior of an electricity consumer. Storage owners at the consumer side could participate in demand response, energy arbitrage, peak demand shaving, power backup to name a few \cite{xi2014stochastic}, \cite{hashmi2019energy}. T...
2,869,038,155,873
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As a fundamental problem in statistics, hypothesis testing plays a key role in general scientific discovery areas such as anomaly detection and model criticism. The goal of hypothesis testing is to determine which one among given hypotheses is true within a certain error probability level. Unfor...
2,869,038,155,874
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is expected on general grounds that the classical description of space-time geometry is modified at very short length scales through quantum effects. An interesting approach towards quantum geometry is based on quantized symplectic spaces, whose structure is similar to quantum mechanical ...
2,869,038,155,875
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After the first detections of planets outside our solar system \citep{1992Natur.355..145W,1995Natur.378..355M}, an intensive search with various methods began \citep[see][for an overview]{2002EuRv...10..185S} resulting in currently more than 200 planets (http://exoplanet.eu/). Most of these exop...
2,869,038,155,876
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{intro} \cite{kats07} first reported and characterized penumbral microjets (PJs) from high-spatial-resolution, high-cadence \ion{Ca}{2}\ H-line chromospheric images of sunspots obtained by the Solar Optical Telescope/Filtergraph \cite[SOT/FG:][]{ichi08} onboard the {\it Hinode} \citep{kosu07...
2,869,038,155,877
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Precision measurements play a fundamental role in physics, as they constitute a key ingredient of many state-of-the-art applications and experiments testing the limits of scientific theories. But the accuracy to which such measurements can be performed is itself governed by the laws of physics -...
2,869,038,155,878
arxiv
\section*{Test with a model} \vspace*{-0.15cm} In order to illustrate the usefulness of the PAs, we will first use a phenomenological model as a theoretical laboratory to check our method. A VFF phase-shift with the right threshold behaviour is considered~\cite{Guerrero,Cillero,Portoles}: \vspace*{-0.15cm} \begin{equ...
2,869,038,155,879
arxiv
\section{\ignorespaces}{\unskip\bibn@me} \bigbreak\bgroup \ifx\ninepoint\undefined\relax\else\ninepoint\fi} \let\refsp@ce=\ \let\bibleftm@rk=[ \let\bibrightm@rk=] \def\numero{n\raise.82ex\hbox{$\fam0\scriptscriptstyle o$}~\ignorespaces} \newcount\equationc@unt \newcount\bibc@unt \newif\ifref@changes\ref@changesfalse ...
2,869,038,155,880
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In computer vision and machine learning community, text image rectification\cite{liang2008geometric,ye2015text} from planar transformation have long been a topic of concern. Often a system of OCR and image information retrieval has a pipeline with several steps, including rectif...
2,869,038,155,881
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, text removal has attracted increasing research interests in the computer vision community. It aims to remove the text and fill the regions with plausible content. Text removal can help avoid privacy leaks by hiding some private messages such as ID numbers and license plate nu...
2,869,038,155,882
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Aqueous solutions containing polymers and small associating molecules such as folded proteins and amphiphiles (surfactants) are commonly found in biological systems and industrial applications. As a result, extensive efforts have been devoted in the past few decades to the ...
2,869,038,155,883
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} In this paper, we have proposed a framework for formalizing the process of understanding as an integration of conceptual material evoked by the words in an utterance, guided by local and global constraints. We have argued that this integration mechanism naturally accounts for the specialization o...
2,869,038,155,884
arxiv
\section{Introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{S}{alient} object detection (SOD) aims at detecting the objects in a scene that humans would naturally focus on \cite{cheng2015global,borji2014salient,zhao2019egnet}. It has numerous useful applications, including object segmentation/recognition \cite{Liu2012,ye2017salient,zhoucvp...
2,869,038,155,885
arxiv
\subsection*{Organization} The rest of this paper is a series of sections sketching some version of the program described above for a number of random matrix ensembles. Sections \ref{S:Wigner} and section \ref{S:Wishart} discusses Wigner and Wishart matrices, combining eigenvalue rigidity arguments of Dallaporta \cite{...
2,869,038,155,886
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Denote by $U = \{ 1, ..., N\}$ the population of units-in-space, or simply \emph{units}. By \emph{graph spatial sampling (GSS)}, one would first \emph{design} a graph $G = (U, A)$ and then sample from $G$ -- hence its node set $U$ -- by graph sampling methods (Zhang, 2022; Zhang and Patone, 2017...
2,869,038,155,887
arxiv
\section{Introduction} According to Kohn's theorem \cite{Kohn61:1242,Maksym90:108,Bakshi90:7416,Pfannkuche93:6} a spatially homogeneous electric field can only excite the rigid center of mass motion of all the electrons confined parabolically in a quantum dot or wire. In far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy this condition...
2,869,038,155,888
arxiv
\section{Introduction}~ The study of Dirac points, i.e. the contact points between different energy bands with an approximate linear dispersion relation, has become a major issue since the experimental breakthrough in graphene-based electronics \cite{Novoselov04,Berger04}. Indeed, the low-energy electronic properties ...
2,869,038,155,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The consensus since the 1990s has been that the Milky Way is a barred galaxy \citep[see, e.g.][]{blitz1991,blitz1993}. The estimate for the size of the large-scale bar has grown from initial $R_{bar} \approx 2-3$ kpc to current estimates $R_{bar}=3-5$ kpc \citep{habing2006,cabrera-lavers20...
2,869,038,155,890
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cellular membranes are complex heterogeneous materials consisting of mixtures of lipids, proteins, and other small molecules~\cite{Alberts2007}. The individual and collective dynamics of these species are fine-tuned to carry out complex cellular processes ranging from cell signalling to shape re...
2,869,038,155,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} It is well-known that Gromov-Witten theory can be used to answer questions in enumerative geometry. This dates back to Kontsevich's celebrated recursion for the number $N_d$ of rational plane curves passing through $3d-1$ general points (here $k,\ell\g...
2,869,038,155,892
arxiv
\section{ Introduction } In the study of complex systems it is of interest to synthesize the information coming from different sources into a single output, which is either numerical or represented by a suitable function, graph, etc. For instance, the copula representation has proved to be a suitable tool to describe ...
2,869,038,155,893
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It would appear that if a firm has no cost of staying open to accept orders, it will open as early as possible. But we shall see that is not necessarily true. Suppose that all consumers prefer consuming the good in period 1. But if the store opens in period 0, and only one unit of the good is av...
2,869,038,155,894
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This document was prepared by the NOvA Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP user facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-0...
2,869,038,155,895
arxiv
\cleardoublepage\oldsection{Summary and Concluding Remarks} \label{s:conc} In this section we will overview the discoveries that we have made. Firstly we will discuss the qualitative results that we have produced. After that we will overview those results which are important to the field of flows in porous media, a...
2,869,038,155,896
arxiv
\section{} In our recent paper~\cite{casado:2018}, we investigate the generation of directed motion in a system consisting of a sphere immersed in a viscous fluid and subjected to time-periodic forces of zero average. Specifically: (i) we obtain necessary conditions for the existence of such directed motion, (ii) we de...
2,869,038,155,897
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the advent of the era of Internet of Things (IoT), the unprecedented growth of latency-critical applications are nevertheless hardly satisfied by {\em mobile cloud computing (MCC)} alone. To cater for the low-latency requirements while alleviating the burden over backhaul networks, {\em mobi...
2,869,038,155,898
arxiv
\section*{\abstractname \begin{document} \markboth{Evgeniy Zorin} {Zero order estimates for analytic functions} \title{MULTIPLICITY ESTIMATES FOR ALGEBRAICALLY DEPENDENT ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS } \author{EVGENIY ZORIN} \date{} \maketitle \date{} \maketitle \begin{abstract} We prove a new genera...
2,869,038,155,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Let $K : \reals^d \times \reals^d \to R$ be a kernel function, such as a Gaussian kernel; $K(p,q)$ describes how similar two points $p,q \in \reals^d$ are. For point sets $\c{P}, \c{Q}$ we can define a similarity function $\kappa(\c{P},\c{Q}) = \sum_{p \in \c{P}} \sum_{...
2,869,038,155,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction}} Software production, use, and reuse is an increasingly crucial part of scholarly work \citep{open_source_code_repo_predict_impact, Trisovic2021ALS}. While historically underutilized, citing and referencing software used during the course of research is becoming common with n...
2,869,038,155,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently John H. Schwarz conjectured \cite{schwarz} that the world-volume action of a probe $p$-brane in a maximally (or 3/4 maximal) supersymmetric spacetime containing $AdS_{p+2}$ can be reinterpreted as the highly effective action (HEA) of a superconformal field theory in $(p+1)$-dimens...
2,869,038,155,902
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the light scattering process, nonlinearities of the electromagnetic interaction are discovered and experimentally proved \cite{ATLAS:2017fur}. The exploration of the nonlinear electrodynamics (NLE) theories in general relativity (GR) theory was inspired by solving the singularity problem of a ...
2,869,038,155,903
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and Main Results} Our starting point is a theorem of Bishop and Jones, stated below, which roughly says that a connected subset of ${\mathbb{R}}^{2}$ that is uniformly non-flat in every ball centered upon it (or in other words, is very ``wiggly"), must have large dimensi...
2,869,038,155,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Early in the theory of fracture, Griffith\cite{g} used Inglis' stress analysis\cite{inglis} of an elliptical flaw in a linear elastic material to predict the critical stress under which a crack irreversibly grows, causing the material to fracture. Conversely, for a stressed solid the Griffith c...
2,869,038,155,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The properties of the observable Universe are precisely constrained at redshift $z=1100$ by observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) \cite{Planck18I}, and at $z\lesssim 1$ by galaxy surveys. In between, line intensity mapping (LIM) is a promising approach to fill the gap and study g...
2,869,038,155,906
arxiv
\section{Introduction} People are highly rich in emotions and expressions of emotions can be found throughout lives. People also possess a strong ability to recognize these emotions in order to generate appropriate responses. Similarly, machines that can recognize emotions to make them more human-like can have many a...
2,869,038,155,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Chiral Yukawa models on the lattice are interacting fermion-Higgs field theories with a chiral symmetry, which are useful for studying the Standard Model on the lattice in the absence of gauge couplings \cite{Shige-lat}. The phase structure of such models, in particular the location...
2,869,038,155,908
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years the higher dimensional gravity is attracting much interest. Apart from the fact that the higher dimensional gravity is interesting in its own right, the increasing amount of works devoted to the study of the higher dimensional spacetimes is inspired from the string theory and th...
2,869,038,155,909
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \textbf{uniform spanning forests} of an infinite, connected, locally finite graph $G$ are defined to be distributional limits of uniform spanning trees of large finite subgraphs of $G$. These limits can be taken with either free or wired boundary conditions, yielding the \textbf{free uniform...
2,869,038,155,910
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The worldwide race towards direct dark matter detection in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) has been dramatically accelerated by the remarkable progress and evolution of liquid xenon time projection chambers (LXeTPCs). The XENON100 experiment has already placed the most ...
2,869,038,155,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \input{./Sections/intro.tex} \section{Related Work} \label{sec:related_work} \input{./Sections/related_work.tex} \section{Our Approach} \label{sec:method} \input{./Sections/method.tex} \section{Experiments and Analysis} \label{sec:experiments} \input{./Sections/experiments.te...
2,869,038,155,912
arxiv
\section{The method of moving orthonormal frame and the fundamental The history of research in the field of differential geometry in Estonia is inseparably linked with the history of the University of Tartu. Therefore we begin by reminding some basic facts from the history of the University of Tartu. The University of ...
2,869,038,155,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S0} Many function spaces of practical interest are also algebras and/or lattices. An important example is $C(X)$, the space of continuous real-valued functions on a compact Hausdorff space. Hence, a natural problem in the course of understanding the structure of the space $C(X)$ is to c...
2,869,038,155,914
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} To solve high-level computer vision problems, like object recognition and action understanding, researchers and practitioners typically use very large datasets of manually labeled data to train a machine learning algorithm. These algorithms are typically used to discriminate between...
2,869,038,155,915
arxiv
\section*{Introduction}\blfootnote{The author has benefited from a guest position at the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in Bonn. Her travel was also partially supported by her advisor V. Turchin's Simon Foundation grant, award ID: 519474.} Let $Emb(S^n,S^{n+q})$ be the space of smooth embeddings $S^n\hookrightarr...
2,869,038,155,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Heavy fermions are a class of complex materials in which the effective mass of conduction electrons greatly exceeds the bare electron mass due to the strong hybridization between the conduction and localized $f$-electrons \cite{ColemanReview1,ColemanReview2}. The properties of heavy-fermion mater...
2,869,038,155,917
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The relation between stimuli and sensation is one of the main research topics in Psychophysics \cite{chescheider2013}. Stimulus of different sources and intensities can cause different responses in the sensory system \cite{Stevens1975}. In the early 19th century, Weber and Fechner proposed that ...
2,869,038,155,918
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning techniques are increasing our capacity to discover complex nonlinear patterns in high-dimensional data; see \cite{bishop2006pattern} and \cite{hastie2009elements}. The impressive predictive powers of machine learning have found useful applications in many fields. It is natural ...
2,869,038,155,919
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Most successful deep learning architectures for image classification consist of a certain building block that is applied sequentially several times: one block succeeds another until a linear operation finally outputs the model prediction. In deep convolutional neural networks (...
2,869,038,155,920
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that an algebraic curve of genus zero is isomorphic to the projective line. The search for an analogous statement in the case of algebraic surfaces led Max Noether to conjecture that a smooth regular (i.e., $q(S) = 0$) algebraic surface with vanishing geometric genus ($p_g(S)...
2,869,038,155,921
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgement} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \typeout{} \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \section{Introduction} Autonomous robot navigation is a funda...
2,869,038,155,922
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Photon noise limited detection of millimetre-wave radiation has been demonstrated with a number of cryogenic detectors such as: semiconductor bolometers, transition edge sensors and kinetic inductance detectors\cite{Morozov11,Doyle08}. A bolometer consists of a thermally...
2,869,038,155,923
arxiv
\section*{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \subsection*{Real World Data}\label{subsec:rwd} Health Information Systems (HIS) are increasingly collecting routine care data \cite{jha_use_2009,sheikh_adoption_2014,kim_rate_2017,esdar_diffusion_2019,kanakubo_comparing_2019,liang_adoption_2021,apathy_decade_2021}. Th...
2,869,038,155,924
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Much of the study of the formation of stars focusses on the process of how a denser part of the \textquotedblleft Interstellar Medium" (ISM) evolves into a pre-main sequence star. However few stars form in isolation. There have been a number of studies in the past investigating ...
2,869,038,155,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} How giant planets form and evolve is one of the biggest challenges of modern astronomy and remains a subject of heated debate. This major goal is directly connected to the ultimate search for life over the horizon 2030 to 2040, although several astrophysical (formation, evolution, dynamics, stru...
2,869,038,155,926
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We are interested in solving large, sparse, unsymmetric linear systems, \[ Ax =b, \quad A \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times N}. \] Iterative methods are preferred for sparse linear systems as they depend only on matrix-vector products, which can be computed in $\mathcal{O}\big(\text{nnz}(A)\big)$ time. ...
2,869,038,155,927
arxiv
\section{Connection between 4d and 6d Lorentz invariants containing supermomenta} \label{sec:Connection_six_four_Invariants} Similar to the 6d Lorentz invariants \eqref{eq:type1}, we try to find a combination of the invarnants \eqref{eq:type2} and \eqref{eq:type3} whose four dimensional projection is manifestly $R$-sy...