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2,869,038,156,028 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}
\par
\medskip
Let $f _{n}(X) = (1 + X) ^{n} + (-1)^{n}(X ^{n} + 1)$, for each $n
\in \mathbb N$. Throught this note, we assume that $f _{n}(X)$, $n
\in \mathbb N$, are defined over a field $K$ of characteristic zero.
If the order $n$ of $f _{n}(X)$ is an even number, then the degree ... |
2,869,038,156,029 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nash equilibrium (NE) is one of the most important concepts in game theory that captures a wide range of phenomena in engineering, economics, and finance~\cite{facchinei2007finite}. Consider a stochastic Nash game with $N$ players each with an associated strategy set $X_i$ and a cost function $f_... |
2,869,038,156,030 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we consider several algorithmic problems that involve,
explicitly or implicitly, a finite set of lines in three dimensions.
The main problems that we consider are:
\begin{description}
\item[(i)]
\emph{Ray shooting amid triangles in three dimensions.}
We have a set $\T$ ... |
2,869,038,156,031 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Energy functions that depend on thousands of binary variables and decompose
according to a graphical model
\cite{cowell-2007,koller-2009,lauritzen-1996,wainwright-2008}
into potential functions that depend on subsets of all variables have been used
successfully for pattern analysis, e.g.~in th... |
2,869,038,156,032 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
One of the motivating questions of 3--dimensional contact topology is
to characterize those (closed, oriented) 3--manifolds which admit
(positive, cooriented) tight contact structures. This question was
answered recently for Seifert fibered 3--manifolds~\cite{Duke}, but
the gener... |
2,869,038,156,033 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Shear viscosity is a common transport property for lots of substances, such as macroscopic matter, eg. water, oil, honey and air as well as microscopic and quantum matter, eg. hot dense quark matter etc.
\cite{Rev1,Rev2,Rev3,Gao,Tang,Huang,Shen,Cao,KEE15},
and it has been s... |
2,869,038,156,034 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Imaging Fabry-Perot (FP) spectrophotometers have become powerful tools
for studying the dynamics of the central regions of globular clusters.
The samples of individual stellar velocities that have been obtained
with a FP are some of the largest available for globular clusters
(Gebhardt {\it et~a... |
2,869,038,156,035 | arxiv | \section{Background}
There is strong motivation to create large artificial neural networks (ANNs) to increase task performance, and there are efforts to develop new methods of training networks containing up to trillions of parameters.\cite{rajbh2019zero} However, there are a number of challenges to training and using... |
2,869,038,156,036 | arxiv | \section{ INTRODUCTION }
Dwarf novae are a subclass
of the cataclysmic variables $-$
interacting binary stars
with orbital periods of several hours
in which a Roche lobe filling
K or M dwarf
secondary transfers matter
at a rate ${\dot M}_T$
into an accretion disk surrounding
a white dwarf (WD) primary.
Dwarf novae ... |
2,869,038,156,037 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
There will be meaningful opportunities in which future generations of AI systems may benefit older adults such as by maintaining physical independence and facilitating social connection, as well as interacting with the variety of AI-powered applications aimed toward the general public. Ensuring the... |
2,869,038,156,038 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{int}
A complete Riemannian metric $g$ on a smooth manifold $M^n$ is called a {\it gradient steady Ricci soliton} if there exists a smooth potential function $f$ on $M^n$ such that the Ricci tensor $Ric$ of the metric $g$ satisfies the equation
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq1}
Ric=Hess\,f.
\en... |
2,869,038,156,039 | arxiv | \subsubsection{\ref{app:subsec-inftermtime}.2 General Case}
\ \\[3mm]
\begin{lemma} \label{lem:hitting-time-finite-chain}
Consider a finite Markov chain on a set~$Q$ of states with $|Q| = n$.
Let $x$ denote the smallest nonzero transition probability in the chain.
Let $p \in Q$ be any state and $S \subseteq Q$ any ... |
2,869,038,156,040 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of continuity of mathematical and conceptual descriptions of classical and quantum systems was discussed and a possible solution was offered by one of the authors in 2002 in a couple of papers \cite{ghose1,ghose2}. It was pointed out that the causal and ontological interpretation of q... |
2,869,038,156,041 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction%
\label{introduction}%
}
In the last years Python has gained more and more traction in the scientific
community. Projects like Numpy \cite{Numpy}, SciPy \cite{SciPy}, and Matplotlib
\cite{Matplotlib} have created a strong foundation for scientific computing in
Python and machine learning pack... |
2,869,038,156,042 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
A wireless sensor network (WSN) typically consists of a large number of
autonomous devices with limited battery power and memory. Since cheap
commodity devices can be used as sensor nodes, it is possible to do
large scale deployment of sensor networks~\cite{WSN, WSN2}. They a... |
2,869,038,156,043 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
The aim of this paper is to assess the generation and promotion of turbulence in oscillatory magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) duct flows. Motivation stems from proposed designs of dual purpose tritium breeder/coolant ducts in magnetic confinement fusion reactors \cite{Abdou2015bl... |
2,869,038,156,044 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our graph-theoretic notation is standard (e.g., see \cite{Bol98}); in
particular, we write $G\left( n\right) $ for a graph of order $n$. Given a
graph $G,$ a $k$\emph{-walk} is a sequence of vertices $v_{1},\ldots,v_{k}$ of
$G$ such that $v_{i-1}$ is adjacent to $v_{i}$ for all $i=2,\ldots,k.$... |
2,869,038,156,045 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The r-process is a nucleosynthesis process to produce elements
heavier than iron(\cite{bfh}). They occupy nearly half of the
massive nuclear species, and show typical abundance peaks
around nuclear masses A=80, 130 and 195, whose neutron numbers are
slightly smaller than the magic numbers N=50, ... |
2,869,038,156,046 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
This paper is concerned with the injective dimension of two kinds of modules: $D$-modules $M$ over a formal power series ring $R = k[[x_1, \ldots, x_n]]$ where $k$ is a field of characteristic zero, and $F$-modules $M$ over a noetherian regular ring $R$ of characteristic $p>0... |
2,869,038,156,047 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As stated in \cite{sen1971choice}, it is well-known how to characterize the deterministic choice functions that can be represented by a unique, strict preference relation. However, in economics, agents' choices often display some element of randomness. Instead of observing a mapping from each men... |
2,869,038,156,048 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{chap:intro}
Although much of the extraction of information from astronomy science images is now performed ``blindly'' using computer programs, astronomers still rely on visual examination for a number of tasks. Such tasks include image quality control, assessment of morphological features... |
2,869,038,156,049 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The development of new applications based on innovative thermoset polymers is strongly correlated to the understanding of its chemorheological behavior \cite{fredi2019novel,ageyeva2019review,van2007reactive}. Obtaining a chemorheological master model \cite{chiacchiarelli2012cure,kenny1990model,le... |
2,869,038,156,050 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: Correlation Estimates and Energy Level Statistics}
Correlations between various families of random variables associated
with disordered systems are an important aspect governing the
transport properties of the system. For example, the conductivity is
expressible in terms of the second moment of ... |
2,869,038,156,051 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec::intro}
The majority of stars born in dense stellar clusters are part of binary star systems \citep{Duquennoy1991,Ghez1993,Duchene2013}. The observed orbital eccentricities of binaries vary with orbital separation \citep{Raghavan2010,Tokovinin2016}. For tight binaries, the eccentricit... |
2,869,038,156,052 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Functional Reverse Engineering (RE) aims to analyze gate-level netlists that have been synthesized from a Register-Transfer Level (RTL) description of an Integrated Circuit (IC) design. A gate-level netlist contains information about the individual gates of a design and how they are interconnect... |
2,869,038,156,053 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Regression methods are really helpful to analyse dependencies between a variable, named the response, and one or several explanatory covariates. This is one of the reasons why they are widely used and studied in statistical analysis \cite{BookHastieTibshFriedman}. Many models have been introduce... |
2,869,038,156,054 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Hopf equation
\begin{equation}
\label{hopf}
u_t+6uu_x=0,\quad u(x,t=0)=u_0(x), \;\;x\in\mathbb{R},\;t\in\mathbb{R}^+
\end{equation}
reaches a point of gradient catastrophe in a finite time. The solution of the viscosity or conserva... |
2,869,038,156,055 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum entanglement is one of the most interesting and debated
properties of quantum mechanics. It has become an essential resource
for the quantum communication created in recent years, with some
potential applications such as quantum cryptography
\cite{Bennett84,Ekert91} and quantum teleportat... |
2,869,038,156,056 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a growing consensus, across many fields and applications, that forecasts should have a probabilistic nature \citep{gneiting14}. This is particularly true in decision-making scenarios where cost-loss analyses are designed to take into account the uncertainties associated to a given foreca... |
2,869,038,156,057 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}\label{intro}
Detecting projective and affine equivalences implies recognizing whether or not two objects are the same in a certain setup. Also, finding the symmetries of an object is important in order to understand its shape, and also to efficiently visualize and store the information regardin... |
2,869,038,156,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The organization control in MRS for manufacturing and logistics is mostly centralized in the state of the art with few exceptions like \cite{dec1, slidingDec, panRobotics, FarinelliMRS} where the architecture is decentralized, as it is relatively easy than a distributed control. How... |
2,869,038,156,059 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro}
In this paper, we consider the classification and embedding problems for matchbox manifolds, from the viewpoint of Lipschitz pseudogroups, and develop invariants which are obstructions to realizing a matchbox manifold as a minimal set. Matchbox manifolds are a class of con... |
2,869,038,156,060 | arxiv | \part{}
\parttoc
\thispagestyle{empty}
\pagebreak{}
\clearpage
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Acknowledgments}
\section*{Acknowledgments}
Adding a grain of sand to one of the very many and ever growing summits of the mountain range known as `human knowledge' is truly a great privilege. The climb, however,... |
2,869,038,156,061 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An aerosol or a spray is a fluid consisting of a \textit{dispersed phase}, usually liquid droplets, sometimes solid particles, immersed in a gas referred to as the \textit{propellant}.
An important class of models for the dynamics of aerosol/spray flows consists of
(a) a kinetic equation for ... |
2,869,038,156,062 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Braneworld scenarios are an interesting development in what concerns
gravity models and their cosmological implications
\cite{Maartens:2003tw}. Most often these scenarios assume, given
observational constraints as well as theoretical assumptions, that
the bulk space is empty except for a cosmolo... |
2,869,038,156,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s1}
The notion of conjugacy in semigroups can be generalized from the
corresponding notion for groups in several ways. Perhaps, the two
most natural and commonly used notions are the relations $\sim_G$
and $\sim$, whose definitions below are taken from~\cite{La}.
Let $S$ be a monoid and ... |
2,869,038,156,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathcal{B}(X)$ be the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators
acting on a Banach space $X$, and let $\mathcal{K}(X)$ be the ideal of all
compact operators in $\mathcal{B}(X)$. An operator $A\in\mathcal{B}(X)$ is called
\textit{Fredholm} if its image is closed and the spaces $\ker A$
... |
2,869,038,156,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At sufficiently high temperatures strongly interacting matter undergoes a transition to
a new state, often called quark-gluon plasma
that is characterized by chiral symmetry restoration and color screening (see e.g.
Ref. \cite{Petreczky:2012rq} for a current review).
Experimentally such sta... |
2,869,038,156,066 | arxiv | \section{}
\subsection{}
\subsubsection{}
\section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
Distinguished for their ability to carry high dissipation-less currents below a critical temperature $T_{c}$, superconductors are used in motors, generators, fault-current limiters, and particle accelerator magnets. Their im... |
2,869,038,156,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Three-level lambda ($\Lambda-$)systems are ubiquitous in quantum processes \cite{Gaubatz1990,Kuhn2002,Sorensen2006,Kral2007,Bergmann2015,Vitanov2017}. Many applications, particularly in quantum control, are based on our ability of controlling the population transfer in this system \cite{Gaubatz19... |
2,869,038,156,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Fibonacci Sequence}
\quad Fibonacci sequence is defined by recursion formula;
\begin{equation}
F_{n+1}=F_{n}+F_{n-1} \label{recursion},
\end{equation}
where $F_0=0$ , $F_1=1$ , $n=1,2,3,...$
First few Fibonacci numbers are : $$ 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610,9... |
2,869,038,156,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In order to solve the absences of explicit sentiment information of some aspects in the context, recent studies on ABSC \cite{pontiki2014semeval} began to focus on the parsing of sentiment dependency among aspects. For example, \texttt{The laptop's storage is large, so does the battery capacity.... |
2,869,038,156,070 | arxiv | \section{METHODOLOGY AND INITIAL CONDITIONS \label{meth}}
\subsection{Numerical Methods}
For the purpose of comparison, we perform two calculations with identical resolutions and characteristic parameters. The first, which we denote RT, includes radiative transfer and feedback from stellar sources. The second, hencef... |
2,869,038,156,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
GRB are cosmic gamma ray emission distributed isotropically originating at extra galactic distances.
They are inferred to have energy of the order of $10^{53}$ ergs.
If the beaming and the $\gamma$-ray production of the GRB are quite high,
then the central engine which powers such conversion ca... |
2,869,038,156,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro} It is well known that the Glauber diffraction model
\cite{G0,G1} is a convenient and reliable tool for the analysis of
scattering of fast hadrons (nucleons) by nuclei. Based on the
eikonal and fixed-scatterer approximations, it was specially developed more
than 50 years ago for... |
2,869,038,156,073 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated significant applicability and strong performance in games \cite{mnih:dqn, silver:2017}, continuous control \cite{lillicrap:ddpg}, and robotics \cite{levine:2016}. Among them, deep neural networks, such as convolutional neural ... |
2,869,038,156,074 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In environmental, biomedical, and engineering applications a common objective is to estimate the relation between a predictor and an outcome when there is prior knowledge that the relation is monotone or otherwise shape-constrained. In this paper we consider one such application that relates t... |
2,869,038,156,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
According to General Relativity (GR), the most interesting celestial body predicted may be black holes. There is a strong gravitational field in the region near a black hole that can bend light rays. Due to the highly bending light rays in the strong gravity field, shadows cast by black holes u... |
2,869,038,156,076 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
\selectlanguage{english
\begin{comment}
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\end{comment}
\selectlanguage{australian
In the last decade, there has been a sharp increase in the demand
for data traffic~\cite{cisco2014global}. To address such massive
consumer demand for data communications... |
2,869,038,156,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S1}
Fourier inversion plays a crucial role in signal processing and communications: it tells us how to convert an continuous signal into some trigonometric functions, which can then be processed digitally or coded on a computer \cite{papoulis1960fourier}.
The inversion theorem (also na... |
2,869,038,156,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The large sieve originated in the work of Linnik in the early forties and became a fundamental tool in number theory. Since then, it has been a topic largely studied and many variants were obtained. The case of power moduli received a particular interest due to its applications. Let $\{a_n\}$ d... |
2,869,038,156,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
The simplest example of an ind-Grassmannian is the infinite projective
space $\mathbf P^\infty$.
The Barth-Van de Ven-Tyurin (BVT) Theorem, proved more than 30 years
ago \cite{BV}, \cite{T},
\cite{Sa} (see also a recent proof by A. Coand\u a and G. Trautmann,
\cite{CT}), ... |
2,869,038,156,080 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported in part by the School of Computing, University of Utah and in part by NSF IIS-2007398. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsor.
\fi
\bibliographyst... |
2,869,038,156,081 | arxiv | \section{\protect\bigskip Introduction}
The interaction of multipole moments with the electromagnetic fields has
attracted a lot of attention and produced fundamental quantum effects. For
example, the Aharonov-Bohm effect \cite{1,2,3,4} for a charged particle, the
scalar Aharonov-Bohm and He- Mckellar- Willens ef... |
2,869,038,156,082 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
\noindent We express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN
accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC. We
thank the technical and administrative staff at the LHCb
institutes. We acknowledge support from CERN and from the national
agencies: CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ and ... |
2,869,038,156,083 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
With improvements in sensing technologies, recent intelligent vehicles have been equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) as standard features \cite{broggi2016intelligent, zhu2017overview}. For example, in the United States, forward collision warning system will be standardized t... |
2,869,038,156,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Asteroid families are a powerful tool to investigate the collisional
and dynamical evolution of the asteroid belt. If they are correctly
identified, they allow to describe the properties of the parent
body, the collisional event(s) generating the family and the subsequent
evolu... |
2,869,038,156,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As the most abundant element in the Universe, hydrogen plays a vital role in the process of stellar and galaxy evolution. With its easily-traceable 21-cm hyperfine transition line, the neutral hydrogen (HI) component in galaxies provides a fundamental tool to unveil the phase transition in the i... |
2,869,038,156,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The current concordance ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmological model consisting of 25\% cold dark matter and 70\% dark energy, agrees very well with Planck CMB and large scale structure observations~\cite{Planck2018}. However, at scales smaller than about 1~Mpc, the cold dark matter paradigm runs into a n... |
2,869,038,156,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Novel approaches to photometric supernova (SN) classification are in high demand in the astronomical community. The next generation of survey telescopes, such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES; \citealt{des})
and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST; \citealt{ivez2008}), are... |
2,869,038,156,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Extended defects play an important role in many materials applications, affecting electronic, functional and mechanical properties.
The simplest two-dimensional extended defect is a surface created upon cleaving two halves of a crystal \cite{dross2007stress,sweet2016controlled,s... |
2,869,038,156,089 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of explainable AI is to move beyond an exclusive focus on the outputs of neural networks, an approach which risks treating such networks as `black boxes' which, though reasonably well-understood at the level of their macro-architecture, are hard to explain because of their complex, non-l... |
2,869,038,156,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Many problems in number theory are related to central values of
L-functions associated to modular forms,
and central values of twisted L-functions are tools
used to make progress on these problems. In this paper we focus our
attention on paramodular forms of level $N$ and the ... |
2,869,038,156,091 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Superfluidity in quantum fluids is in general accompanied by the phenomenon of two sound modes, namely, first and second sound,
which is supported by Landau-Tisza's two-fluid hydrodynamic theory \cite{Tisza1938, Landau1941}.
The intriguing phenomenon of second sound was first ... |
2,869,038,156,092 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past several years, significant strides have been made in scaling
up plan synthesis techniques. We now have technology to routinely
generate plans with hundreds of actions. All this work, however, makes a
crucial assumption--that a complete model of the domain is specified in
advance. Whi... |
2,869,038,156,093 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Lemma \ref{l:prefix}}
Let $M$ be a total separated basic MTT $M$, $D$ a given DTA.
Let $t\in{\sf dom}(\pi(q))$ be a smallest input tree of a state $q$ of $M$.
The $\DeltaO$-prefix of every state $q$ of $M$ relative to $D$
can be computed in $\mathcal{O}(|t|\cdot |M|)$.
\begin{proof}
The proof is si... |
2,869,038,156,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The structure adopted by a collection of particles is ultimately governed by
the energetic interactions between the particles. It is therefore natural to
ask what sort of structures are favoured by a given set of interactions, and also whether
interactions can be chosen or manipulated in order ... |
2,869,038,156,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Behavior of systems with continuous symmetry in the presence of random
anisotropy disorder is the subject of numerous theoretical and
experimental investigations.
This is because of the surprizing observation
made by Larkin \cite{Larkin} and Imry and Ma
\cite{ImryMa} that even a
weak disorder ... |
2,869,038,156,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The canonical cosmological model assumes that cold dark matter (CDM) is comprised of a non-relativistic gas of weakly interacting particles. Despite its simplicity, this minimal scenario provides an excellent fit to both CMB and large-scale structure measurements~\cite{Adam:2015rua, Ade:2015xua,... |
2,869,038,156,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect:Introduction}
Free-space optical (FSO) communication has been widely used for ground-to-satellite communication systems due to high transmission rate and high reliability \cite{9138713,9319151,8438300}. In practical applications, due to the effect of air refractive index \cite{5439306... |
2,869,038,156,098 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Hadronic jets are observed in large momentum-transfer interactions. They are theoretically interpreted to arise when partons -- quarks ($q$) and gluons ($g$) -- are emitted in collision events of subatomic particles. Partons then evolve into hadronic jets in a two-step process. The ... |
2,869,038,156,099 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
One of the most recognizable features of galaxies along the Hubble sequence
is the wide range in young stellar content and star formation activity.
This variation in stellar content is part of the basis of
the Hubble classification
itself (Hubble 1926), and understanding its physical nature and... |
2,869,038,156,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is recognized that one of the major conceptual advances in the understanding of synchronization phenomena in physical systems, was its interpretation as a phase transition phenomenon by Yoshiki Kuramoto. In fact, making analogies with the mean-field theories for magnetic systems, Kuramoto... |
2,869,038,156,101 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider the following generalized Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Kdv_Equation}
u_{t} +\varepsilon u_{xxx} + f(u)_{x} = g(x,t), \qquad x\in\Omega=[a, b],\, t>0
\end{equation}
with periodic boundary conditions
and the initial condition $u(x,0)=u_... |
2,869,038,156,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
COVID-19 severity is due to complications from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
but the clinical course of the infection varies for individuals. Research suggests that patients with and without severe COVID-19 have different genetic, pathological, and clinical si... |
2,869,038,156,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Face recognition is one of the most commonly used techniques in biometrics authentication applications, of access and video surveillance control, this is due to its advantageous features. In a face recognition system, the individual is subject to a varied contrast and brightness lighting, backgro... |
2,869,038,156,104 | arxiv | \subsection*{Abstract}
This paper sets the groundwork for the consideration of families of recursively defined polynomials and rational functions capable of describing the Bernoulli numbers. These families of functions arise from various recursive definitions of the Bernoulli numbers. The derivation of these recursive... |
2,869,038,156,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent times, some interesting field theoretical descriptions of the
statistical mechanics of polymer rings subjected to
topological constraints have been proposed by various
authors
\cite{polftmft}--\cite{kleinert}.
In all these approaches, which are based on the pioneering
works \cite{edward... |
2,869,038,156,106 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Named entity recognition (NER) is the widely studied task consisting in identifying text spans that denote {\em named entities} such as person, location and organization names, to name the most important types. Such text spans are called named entity {\em mentions}. In NER, men... |
2,869,038,156,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $F$-signature of a local ring $(R,\mathfrak{m},K)$ is an important numerical invariant for rings of prime characteristic $p>0$.
Suppose that $R$ is a reduced ring, and the Frobenius map is a finite morphism. Then, we can work with the ring consisting of its $p^e$-roots, denoted by $R^{1/p^e}... |
2,869,038,156,108 | arxiv | \section*{QUBO reformulation of the genome assembly problem}
The growing interest in the use of quantum computing devices (and in particular to quantum annealers) is related to their potential in solving combinatorial optimization problems.
It is widely discussed that the potential of quantum annealing is rooted in th... |
2,869,038,156,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The estimation of the impact flux of near-Earth objects (NEOs) is
important not only for the protection of human civilization, but also
for the protection of space assets, which could be damaged or at least
perturbed even by small, mm- to cm-size impactors. A recent example that
reveals this nec... |
2,869,038,156,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nearly simultaneous detection of
gravitational waves GW170817
and the $\gamma$-ray burst GRB 170817A~\cite{TheLIGOScientific:2017qsa,%
Monitor:2017mdv,GBM:2017lvd}
places a very tight constraint on the
speed of gravitational waves, $c_{\rm GW}$.
The deviation of $c_{\rm GW}$ from the speed o... |
2,869,038,156,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The low-energy behavior of the non--Abelian gauge field theories is an open problem of
quantum field theory. At low energies the effective interactions
become strong and break down
the usual perturbation theory, which works very well in the high-energy limit.
This means that the vacuum at lo... |
2,869,038,156,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An open topic in machine learning is the transferability of a trained model to a new set of prediction categories without retraining efforts, in particular when some classes have very few samples.
Few-shot learning algorithms have been proposed to address this, where prediction and training are... |
2,869,038,156,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many real world optimization problems are formulated as
$$\underset{x \in \Omega}{\text{min} }f(x)$$
where $f:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a nonlinear function, and $\Omega=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^n:l_i \leq x_i \leq u_i, \; i=1,\ldots,n\}$.
In many cases, the gradient information required t... |
2,869,038,156,114 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravitational instantons are usually defined as complete nonsingular
solutions of the vacuum Einstein field equations in Euclidean space
\cite{h}, \cite{gh}, \cite{yau}-\cite{hit}. Among other things, they
play an important role in the path-integral formulation of quantum
gravity \cite{h1}, \cit... |
2,869,038,156,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
Given complex numbers \begin{equation}
0<q<1,\quad a\in\mathbb{C},\label{eq:1.1}\end{equation}
we define \cite{Andrews4,Gasper,Ismail2,Koekoek} \begin{equation}
(a;q)_{\infty}:=\prod_{k=0}^{\infty}(1-aq^{k}),\label{eq:1.2}\end{equation}
and the $q$-Gamma function\begin{equation}... |
2,869,038,156,116 | arxiv | \section*{Funding Information}
DF and AF acknowledge support from the UK Engineering $\&$ Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC Grant No. EP/M01326X/1, EP/M006514/1, and EP/N002962/1, respectively).
|
2,869,038,156,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent progress in heavy-ion spectroscopy provides
good perspectives for testing the quantum electrodynamics in a region of
strong electric field. In \cite{Marrs,Stohlker} the two-electron
contribution to the ground-state energy of some heliumlike ions was
measured directly by comparing the i... |
2,869,038,156,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
Effective field theory (EFT) is a powerful tool for studying the dynamics of dense, strongly coupled matter, where a microscopic description is intractable. In this approach, one writes down an effective action principle for the degrees of freedom that remain at low energies and... |
2,869,038,156,119 | arxiv | \section{The Linear Algebra Set-Up}\label{linalgsec}
We will work over a field $\mathbb K$ of characteristic $0$. Given $m\geq0$, $n\geq 1$, $d\geq1$, there exists a natural sheaf homomorphism
$$\Pi(n,d,m):\mathcal J^m(d)\longrightarrow\ocal_{\proj^n}(d)$$
where $\mathcal{J}^m(d)$ is the $m$th jet bundle of $\ocal... |
2,869,038,156,120 | arxiv | \section{Youla Parameterization via REN}\label{sec:approach}
In this section, we first recall a recently developed neural network architecture -- recurrent equilibrium network \cite{revay2021recurrent}. Then, we use it to construct a nonlinear Youla parameterization for the uncertain linear system. Extensions to more ... |
2,869,038,156,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The inner AU around a pre-main sequence star is a complex region. Dust and gas flow inward through the disk, possibly accompanied by massive planets built in the outer disk \citep[e.g.][]{lin96}. Close to the star the dust will sublimate, creating an inner wall at a few tenths of an AU \citep{kam... |
2,869,038,156,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Ensuring the safety of control systems has received significant attentions in the past two decades due to the increasing number of safety-critical real-life applications, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and autonomous transportations.
When models of these applications are available... |
2,869,038,156,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace*{0.3cm}
Turbulence is a complex state of fluid motion.
The flow field varies randomly both in space
and in time.
An individual flow field is too complicated to extract any simple and
useful information from, and does not exhibit
any universal laws.
The mean flow fields, on t... |
2,869,038,156,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The focus of this paper is a novel Domain Model of Revita,\footnote{revita.cs.helsinki.fi --- {\href{https://www.dropbox.com/s/jftlrr1ixcmg9az/eacl-demo.mp4?dl=0}{Link to a short demo here.}}} an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) for language learning~\cite{katinskaia-etal-2018-revita,katinskaia... |
2,869,038,156,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of the main result}
In the qualitative theory of real planar differential systems, one important open problem is the determination of limit cycles.
The study of limit cycles for smooth polynomial differential systems origins from the well-known Hilbert 16th Problem, and has
achi... |
2,869,038,156,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Fluid-particle systems widely exist in both natural and industrial processes. Examples can be found from drug delivery within human bodies~\cite{faraji2009nanoparticles}, sediment transport~\cite{yuan2018water} in oceans and rivers, debris flows~\cite{trujillo2020smooth}, to part... |
2,869,038,156,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{CPR} Corti, Pukhlikov and Reid proved that a
general quasismooth complex variety \linebreak $X = X_d \subset
\mathbb{P}(1,a_1,\ldots,a_4)$ in one of the `famous~95 families' of
$\mathbb{Q}$-Fano 3-fold weighted hypersurfaces is \emph{birationally rigid}
--- that is, if $X$ is birational... |
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