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2,869,038,156,528 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Two of the most-studied quantities in the Markov chain literature are the \textit{mixing time} and \textit{hitting times} associated with a chain. In \citep{finitemixhit, oliveira2012mixing}, the authors showed that these quantities are equal up to universal constants for reversible discrete t... |
2,869,038,156,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{olecular} communication (MC) is an emerging field in which nano-scale devices communicate with each other via chemical signaling, based on exchanging small {\em information particles} \cite{eckBook, far16ST}.
For instance, in biological systems MC can take place using hormones... |
2,869,038,156,530 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the mechanism of turbulence has been a great challenge for
over a century. Now, it is still very far from approaching a comprehensive
theory and the final resolution of the turbulent problem \cite{lumly}.
Reynolds (1883)[1] \cite{reynolds} did the first famous experiments on pipe
f... |
2,869,038,156,531 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The need for cyber security is growing by the day to provide protection against cyber attacks \cite{biju2019cyber} including denial of service (DoS), distributed denial of service (DDoS), phishing, eavesdropping, cross site scripting (XSS), drive by download, man in the middle, password attack, S... |
2,869,038,156,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rank of a matrix is an important invariant for several problems in mathematics. In probability theory the rank can be used to determine when two discrete random variables are independent. More precisely, if $X$ and $Y$ are discrete random variables, and $A=(a_{i,j})$ is the joint probabil... |
2,869,038,156,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
2D quantum gravity on $AdS_2$ geometry is important due to its
essential role in the context of black hole physics. Indeed the
$AdS_2$ geometry is the factor which appears in the near horizon
geometry of extremal black holes in any dimension. Therefore
understanding quantum gravity on $AdS_2$ mi... |
2,869,038,156,534 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Throughout this paper, we discuss integer covering problems of the form
\begin{align*} \min_{x \in \mathbb{Z}_+^n} \left\{ c^T x \mid Ax \geq r \right\} \tag{P} \label{LP:P} \end{align*}
where $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}_+$, $r \in \mathbb{R}^m$, and $c\in \mathbb{R}... |
2,869,038,156,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The HIPPARCOS satellite (Perryman 1989) has provided high quality parallaxes
for $\sim 118,000$\ stars. These data can be used to address a variety of
different astrophysical problems. HIPPARCOS parallaxes for about one hundred
nearby dwarfs with metal abundances in the range $-2.5<$[Fe/H]$<0.2$... |
2,869,038,156,536 | arxiv | \section{Results}
\subsection{Percolation model}
A quantum walk, defined in analogy with a random walk, is a particular quantum mechanical process on a prescribed graph, which consists of iterative applications of a unitary operator usually called a step, which factorizes as $\hat{U}=\hat{S}\hat{C}$.
The \textit{coin o... |
2,869,038,156,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fault-tolerant quantum computing is the research effort to make quantum computers reliable despite the many ways that quantum hardware suffers from errors beyond an experimenter's control. Techniques from physics, information theory, and computer science are employed to develop robust quantum pr... |
2,869,038,156,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Magnetic fields are expected to play an important role in the process of star formation. During the main accretion phase, magnetic fields in protostellar envelopes regulate mass and momentum accretion onto a disk and consequently affect disk formation and disk properties, such ... |
2,869,038,156,539 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The Sun exhibits many time scales, from the ten minute lifetimes of granules to multi-millennial
magnetic activity modulations. One of the most prominent of these scales is the 11-year sunspot
cycle, during which the number of magnetically active regions waxes and wanes. The Su... |
2,869,038,156,540 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In 1976, Chouinard gave a general formula for injective dimension
of a module, when it is finite (cf. \cite{Chouinard}). \\
{\bf Theorem.} Let $M$ be an $R$-module of finite injective
dimension. Then $$\mbox{inj.dim}\,_R M= \sup \{ \mbox{depth}\, R_\mathfrak{p} -
\mbox{width}\,_{R_\mathfrak{p}}... |
2,869,038,156,541 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $A$ be a $d\times d$ matrix over $\mathbb{Z}$ (the integers), and assume that its eigenvalues $\lambda$ satisfy $|\lambda|>1$. In particular $A$ is assumed invertible. Let $\mathbb{Z}^d[A^{-1}]$
be the associated discrete group obtained as an inductive limit
$$\mathbb{Z}^d\stackrel{A}{\long... |
2,869,038,156,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec::introduction}
Online communication channels or mediums of computer mediated communication such as emails, blogs and online social networking websites represent different forms of social networks. These networks have attracted billions of users in recent years \cite{ahn07} adding new d... |
2,869,038,156,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding effective equilibrium interactions between two charged mesoscopic bodies
immersed in a solution, is essential in
various fields of colloid science, from physics \cite{Ben95} to biochemistry
\cite{Jonsson99}.
References \cite{Gelbart00,HL00,Belloni00,Levin02,Grosberg02,Messina09,... |
2,869,038,156,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Since spiral galaxies are rotationally supported systems, disc rotation curves generally serve as valuable tracers of the gravitational potential in the galactic plane. Through traditional mass-modelling, the observed curve is routinely used to infer the mass distribution of ga... |
2,869,038,156,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The asymptotic Borel map sends a function, admitting an asymptotic expansion in a sectorial region, into the formal power series providing such expansion. In many instances it is important to decide about the injectivity and surjectivity of this map when considered between so-called Carleman-Rou... |
2,869,038,156,546 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
String theory (ST) and Vasiliev's equations (VE) \cite{Vasiliev:1988sa,Vasiliev:2003ev} are
the only known examples of consistent theories
of interacting higher-spin (HS) particles.\footnote{
See \cite{Bekaert:2010hw,Sagnotti:2011qp} for some recent reviews.}
Although their current formulations... |
2,869,038,156,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An important advance in the investigation of quantum fluids was
recently achieved with the experimental observation of high
quantum degeneracy and off-diagonal long-range coherence, in a
gas of exciton- polaritons in a two-dimensional semiconductor
microcavity \cite{kasprzak06,balili07}. High qu... |
2,869,038,156,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The most luminous stars in low metallicity galaxies are of special interest. These may have masses exceeding $200~\textrm{M}_\odot$, defining the upper mass limit of stars. Until recently, such massive objects were only found in the cores of young massive clusters \citep{crowth... |
2,869,038,156,549 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\lstdefinestyle{common}{
xleftmargin=.5em,
xrightmargin=.5em,
frame=single,framesep=.5em,framerule=0pt,
fancyvrb=true,
basi... |
2,869,038,156,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The reliability of modern applications,
running either on the cloud or on mobile devises,
is paramount for their success.
Despite heavy investment in software quality processes,
including testing, static analysis, and code reviews,
bugs are still propagated to production-level systems, hamperi... |
2,869,038,156,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Intergalactic magnetic fields are among the most interesting
discoveries in modern cosmology. Recently, lower bounds of the
order of $B \sim 10^{-15}G$ have been established observationally
\cite{Ando,Neronov} and the search for the origin of these fields
has intensified. One of the best candida... |
2,869,038,156,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, let $p$ be a prime number, and let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$. An abelian variety $X$ over $k$ is said to be \emph{supersingular} if it is isogenous to a product of
supersingular elliptic curves; it is called \emph{superspecial} if it is iso... |
2,869,038,156,553 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, a very unusual waveguide was proposed by R. Marques in \cite{Marqueswaveguide} and
then extensively studied by S. Hrabar in \cite{Hrabarwaveguide}. It is a rectangular metallic waveguide
periodically loaded by resonant magnetic scatterers, so-called split-ring-resonators (SRR:s) \cite... |
2,869,038,156,554 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Water is ubiquitous on Earth, and a detailed understanding of its
properties and behavior under different conditions is of crucial
importance in several scientific fields.\cite{ei69,pe99,fr00,ro96}
This does not only refer to thermodynamically stable water phases,
but also to various metastabl... |
2,869,038,156,555 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Electric fields are widely used to manipulate particles and fluids.
For example, separation of emulsified water from crude oil in the petroleum refining process is achieved by the application of electric fields, which facilitate drop coalescence \citep{Waterman,Eow:2002}.
An ... |
2,869,038,156,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface~(RIS) has been proposed as a novel and cost-effective solution to achieve high spectral and energy efficiency for wireless communications via only low-cost reflecting elements~\cite{M-2019}. With a large number of elements whose electromagnetic respons... |
2,869,038,156,557 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{intro}
The spectral energy distribution of the blazar subclass of active galactic nuclei -- which includes flat-spectrum radio quasars, FSRQ, and BL~Lac-type objects -- is dominated
by highly variable nonthermal emission from relativistic jets that are viewed within
several degrees of the... |
2,869,038,156,558 | arxiv |
\section{Discussion}
We have demonstrated interactive storytelling, a combination of interactive topic modeling and
constrained search wherein documents are connected obeying user constraints on paths. User feedback is
pushed deep into the computational pipeline and used to refine the topic model. Through experiments ... |
2,869,038,156,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{id-air} haptics provide a new mode of sensory feedback for humans, creating ``virtual touch” that allows people to feel tactile sensations in the space above a transducer. The primary method to produce mid-air haptics is with ultrasonic arrays, which focus acoustic radiation pres... |
2,869,038,156,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Circulant graphs form an important and very well-studied class of graphs \cite{monakhova2012survey}. They find applications to the computer network design, telecommunication networking, distributed computation, parallel processing architectures, and VLSI design.
For $n\in \mathbb... |
2,869,038,156,561 | arxiv | \section*{References}}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\tikzset{
laser/.style={decorate, decoration={snake,segment length=5mm}, draw=black},
electron/.style={draw... |
2,869,038,156,562 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
As discussed in previous chapters (Vink, Owocki), two critical aspects
in the evolution of very massive stars (VMSs) are that their high
luminosities cause strong mass loss in radiation-driven winds, and
that high luminosities can also cause severe instabilities in the
stellar enve... |
2,869,038,156,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{n} status update systems, sensor nodes are largely deployed to monitor different types of physical processes. They need to continuously sample data to get timely status updates about the targeted process, and the sampled data will be transmitted to the network to support real-tim... |
2,869,038,156,564 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{Introduction}
The standard model (SM) fails to provide an explanation for the baryon-to-photon
ratio in the present universe, $\eta_B^{\rm obs} \simeq 6 \times 10^{-10}$~\cite{Ade:2013zuv},
which serves as a major indication for new physics.
Consequently, some new dynamical mechanism must ... |
2,869,038,156,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The electromagnetic form factors in both space-like $(Q^2>0)$ and
time-like $(Q^2<0)$ regions are essential to understand the
intrinsic structure of hadrons. The experimental data of elastic
form factors over several decades, including recent high precision
measurement at Jefferson Lab \cite{PRL... |
2,869,038,156,566 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction }
In quantum field theory one of the main aim is to calculate the scattering cross section which is experimentally measured. The scattering cross section can be calculated from the S-matrix element. In QCD the generating functional in the path integral formulation yields the connected green's fu... |
2,869,038,156,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the rapid development of human society and global economy, the expense
of resources has increased progressively, especially since the first industrial
revolution\cite{2015_Science_347_1246501_Bonaccorso_Graphene}.
The existing fossil fuels in earth such as coal, oil and natural gas, which we... |
2,869,038,156,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{intro}}
By virtue of their large populations of coeval stars, the Galactic
globular clusters present us with a unique laboratory for the study of
the evolution of low mass stars. The combination of their extreme
ages, compositions and dynamics also allows us a glimpse at the early
history ... |
2,869,038,156,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Renormalization of the deformations of the action}\label{sec:IntroRenorm}
Consider a quantum field theory with an action $S$ invariant under some Lie algebra of symmetries $\bf g$.
Let us study its infinitesimal deformations of the theory, corresponding to the deformations of the a... |
2,869,038,156,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider perfect fluid solutions of the Einstein field equations,
\begin{equation}
R_{ab} - \smfrac{1}{2} R \, g_{ab} = T_{ab}
, \label{EFE}
\end{equation}
on a 4-dimensional spacetime $(M, g)$, with energy-momentum tensor given by
\begin{equation}\label{intro_Tab}
T_{ab}= (\mu+p) u_{a}u_{b}+p... |
2,869,038,156,571 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The large amount of proton-proton (\ensuremath{\Pp\Pp}\xspace) collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13\TeV at the CERN LHC allows for precision measurements of standard model (SM) processes with very small production rates.
Precise measurements of the inclusive ... |
2,869,038,156,572 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The mystery of the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) has lasted for nearly 100 years. Energetics arguments strongly suggest supernovae and their remnants (SNe \& SNRs) may be a source of Galactic CRs. By observing such potential CR accelerators in multiple wavelengths, we can constrain their particle... |
2,869,038,156,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lattice calculations of the hadronic spectrum are now reaching
a precision where it is essential to resolve the influence of
isospin breaking effects. These have
two sources, a QCD effect arising from the fact that the $u$ and $d$
quarks have different masses, and an electromagnetic ef... |
2,869,038,156,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and an overview of the main results}\label{Section 1}
\subsection{Statistical properties of random Birkhoff sums and a preview}\label{Sec1.1}
Probabilistic limit theorems for expanding random dynamical systems have been studied extensively in the past decades. This setup includes a probability spa... |
2,869,038,156,575 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Studies of gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectral evolution have recently
begun to uncover trends which may constrain the emission
mechanisms. Earlier reports on spectral evolution
focused solely on the ``hardness'' of bursts, measured either by the
ratio between two detector channels or with
mor... |
2,869,038,156,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\subsection{Triangulations, multitriangulations and $0$-$1$-fillings}
\sloppypar
The systematic study of $0$-$1$-fillings of polyominoes with
restricted chain lengths likely originates in an article by Jakob
Jonsson~\cite{Jonsson2005}. At first, he was interested in a
... |
2,869,038,156,577 | arxiv |
\section{Stratified Sampling Properties and Storage Overhead}
\label{sec:analysis}
In this section prove the two properties stated in
Section~\ref{sec:stratified-samples} and give the storage overhead for
Zipf distribution.
\input{stratified-sample-properties.tex}
\input{stratified-sample-overhead.tex}
\section{Sys... |
2,869,038,156,578 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Autonomous navigation of quadrotors necessitates sensing \cite{huang2017visual,stevens2018vision,sun2018robust,yang2019cubeslam}, planning \cite{camci2019planning,morrell2018comparison,lai2018optimal,camci2019learning}, and control \cite{greeff2018flatness,tal2018accurate,tang2018learning,mehnd... |
2,869,038,156,579 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
There have been extensively studied for years about kaon condensation
and its implications on neutron stars at low temperature \cite{lee}.
In 1994 Brown and Bethe proposed the low-mass black hole (BH) scenario,
based on the large softening of EOS due to
kaon condensation \cite{bro}. It is
produc... |
2,869,038,156,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A fundamental goal in neuroscience is to understand how information is represented, stored and modified in cortical networks.
New experimental methods in neuroscience not only enable chronic, minimally invasive, recordings of large populations of neurons with cellular level res... |
2,869,038,156,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A shadow is a two-dimensional dark region in the observer's sky corresponding to light rays that fall into an event horizon when propagated backwards in time. It is shown that the shape and size of the shadow carry the characteristic information of the geometry around the celestial body \cite{sh... |
2,869,038,156,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent For two decades, there has been increased interest in statistical modelling of functional data. Among the methods allowing to deal with such data, the functional linear regression, discussed in \cite{cardot99,cardot03}, constitutes an essential tool and has a large number of app... |
2,869,038,156,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Solid semiconductor sensors are used for imaging, tracking and calorimetry in different disciplines.
These detectors may have different level of tolerance for damage caused by different radiation types and doses, depending on the application.
When an ionizing particle traverses ... |
2,869,038,156,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The quantum mechanics employed by physicists every day to make predictions
concerning the outcomes of experimental measurements is not, as it is
conventionally understood, sufficient to make predictions in physical
situations in which a clearly defined concept of ``measurement'... |
2,869,038,156,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several empirical studies~\citep{SzegedyZSBEGF13, GoodfellowMP18} have demonstrated that models trained to have a low accuracy on a data set often have the undesirable property that a small perturbation to an input instance can change the label outputted by the model. For most domains this does ... |
2,869,038,156,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
While new physics (NP) coupling to quarks or gluons is strongly constrained by direct LHC searches (see e.g. Refs.~\cite{Butler:2017afk,Masetti:2018btj} for an overview), there is much more parameter space left for models with new particles posessing only electroweak (EW) int... |
2,869,038,156,587 | arxiv | \section*{APPENDIX}
\bibliographystyle{bibliography/IEEEtran}
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper we have presented a method for determining the median value of measurements for a group of agents communicating using scheduled acoustic communication channel. The convergence of the protocol tow... |
2,869,038,156,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{ollision}-free trajectory planning plays an essential role in the missions preformed by a swarm of robots in a shared environment, such as cooperative inspection and transportation \cite{Chung2018,Zhou2022}.
Currently, optimization-based methods, such as model predictive control... |
2,869,038,156,589 | arxiv | \section{Parameter settings}
\label{sec:appendix:defaults}
\subsection{Algebraic part}
The settings for the algebraic part are listed and explained in detail in the section
``Code Writer/Make Package" in the documentation,
as well as in the section ``Loop Integral" for settings which are specific to loop integrals.... |
2,869,038,156,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:motivation}
With the appearance of more and better near-IR instruments, the
studies of the stellar populations in galaxies in different
environments and at various redshifts, exploring the rest-frame
wavelength region between 1 and 2.5~$\mu$m, have become more frequent
\citep[e.g.][]{s... |
2,869,038,156,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The importance of random matrix theory (RMT) can hardly be overstated.
Since its initial development by Wigner and Dyson
to deal with the spectrum of many-body quantum systems \cite{wigner,dyson},
it has found
applications in areas of physics as diverse as disordered systems,
chaos, and qua... |
2,869,038,156,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An analysis of the spectra of particles produced in heavy ion collisions
at CERN and AGS indicates that the excited matter created in these reactions
spends most of its life time close to the QCD phase transition \cite{Sta_96}.
Under these circumstances, we cannot expect that the phenomena
... |
2,869,038,156,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Segmentation of fine-scale structures such as vessels, neurons and membranes is an important task especial in biomedical applications~\cite{tetteh2020deepvesselnet,fakhry2016deep, hu2019topology}. Accurate delineation of these structures are crucial for downstream analysis and f... |
2,869,038,156,594 | arxiv | \section*{Small Oscillations of a Vortex Ring: Hamiltonian Formalism and Quantization}
{S.V. TALALOV}
{Department of Applied Mathematics, Togliatti State University, \\ 14 Belorusskaya str.,
Tolyatti, Samara region, 445020 Russia.\\
svt\_19@mail.ru}
\end{center}
\begin{abstract}
This article investigate... |
2,869,038,156,595 | arxiv | \subsection{Risk-Averse Q-Learning (RAQL) and proof of convergence}
\begin{algorithm}[ht]
\scriptsize
\caption{Risk-Averse Q-Learning (RAQL)~\cite{shen2014risk}}
\label{alg:Risk_Averse_QLearning}
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\STATE For $\forall (s,a)$, initialize $Q(s,a) = 0$; $N(s,a) = 0$.
\FOR{$t=1$ to $T$}
\STATE At stat... |
2,869,038,156,596 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Definitions}
\label{sec1}
\textbf{Receptive Field (RF):} is a local region (including its depth) on the output volume of the previous layer that a neuron is connected to. This term has been prevalent in Neurosciences since the study of Hubel and Wiesel~\cite{hubel1962receptive} in which... |
2,869,038,156,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
The values of the refractive index most commonly observed in nature are positive and on the order of 1. Finding materials with an unusual refractive index -- very high, zero, or negative -- has long been a subject of interest; of course, to be of practical use, it should be accompani... |
2,869,038,156,598 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Processing cores and the accompanying main memory working together make the modern processor work.
It is common to fabricate the cores and memory separately on different packages using 2D packaging technology and then connect them using off-chip interconnects.
H... |
2,869,038,156,599 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In recent years, much of the research in semiconductor physics has
been shifting towards {\em spintronics}, \cite{pri,wol-aws-buh} the novel
branch of electronics in which the information is carried, at
least in part, by the spin of the electrons.
The electron spin might be used in the future to... |
2,869,038,156,600 | arxiv | \section{}
In this supplemental section, technical details concerning the numerical calculation and the lattice model are provided, as well as additional results.
\section{Hamiltonian Model}
The Hamiltonian used in our calculations is a multiorbital Hubbard model composed of kinetic and interacting energy terms: $H=... |
2,869,038,156,601 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Multi-object tracking (MOT) is a longstanding computer vision problem in which the goal is to keep track of the identities and locations of multiple objects throughout a video. A popular MOT approach is tracking-by-detection~\cite{luo2020multiple}, in which an object detector is first run o... |
2,869,038,156,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The production of photons at large transverse momenta is studied for a variety of final-state configurations at particle colliders, for example in
inclusive photon production, photon pair production or photon-plus-jet production.
These observables probe fundamental QCD and QED... |
2,869,038,156,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum metrology offers the promise to measure certain parameters
with a higher precision than using classical resources only. More precisely, given a physical process $\Lambda(\varphi)$ depending on
a parameter $\varphi$, one can estimate $\varphi$ with higher accuracy, if
the process is appl... |
2,869,038,156,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Diffusion-reaction processes in industrial chemical reactors, living
cells, and biological tissues have been studied over many decades
\cite{Rice85,Barzykin01,Lauffenburger,Metzler,Lindenberg}. Diffusion
toward spherical traps (or sinks) is an emblematic model of such
processe... |
2,869,038,156,605 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
To obtain information on a group~$G$, a standard approach consists in considering subgroups and studying how they behave in the group. In particular, one often consider the centralizer~$Z_G(H)$ of a subgroup~$H$ in~$G$, which is defined by $$Z_G(H) = \{g\in G\mid gh = hg \textrm{ for all } h\... |
2,869,038,156,606 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Pour une vari\'et\'e $M$ donn\'ee, l'\'etude des sous-vari\'et\'es de $M\,,$ du point de vue de la g\'eom\'etrie de dimension infinie, am\`ene tr\`es naturellement \`a consid\'erer l'ensemble des sous-vari\'et\'es compactes, connexes et orient\'ees de $M$ comme une vari\'et\'e fr\'ech\'etique. C... |
2,869,038,156,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The movement of animals in search for food, refugia or other resources is nowadays the subject of
active research trying to unveil the mechanisms that give rise to a wide family of related complex
patterns. In particular, physicists find in these a fruitful field to explore reaction-diffusion
... |
2,869,038,156,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Star clusters are often born in a hierarchical structure which consists of
several subclusters (hereafter clumps). One of the biggest systems is the Carina Nebula,
which include several star clusters and smaller clumps
\citep{2011ApJS..194....9F,2014ApJ...787..107K}.
Such ``star cluster compl... |
2,869,038,156,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved significantly advanced performance in a wide range of fields, and have been further applied to industrial practices, including some security-critical fields, \textit{e.g.}, audio-visual processing \cite{liu2020re} and medical image proce... |
2,869,038,156,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}
Let $M$ be a smooth, connected, compact Riemannian manifold without boundary. We use $T^*M$ to denote its cotangent bundle and $H$ a continuous function, called Hamiltonian, on $T^*M\times\mathbb{R}$. The problem of existence and uniqueness of v... |
2,869,038,156,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a maximally entangled state of two particles $A$ and $B$,
for instance, the Bell state
\begin{equation}
\ket{\Phi^+}_{AB}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (\ket{0}_A\ket{0}_B +
\ket{1}_A\ket{1}_B). \label{bell}
\end{equation}
Imagine now that the state describes a situation where the
particles are in ... |
2,869,038,156,612 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
The \textit{universal approximation theorem} \citep{cybenko1989}
and its subsequent extensions \citep{hornik1991, lu2017} state that
feedforward neural networks with exponentially large width and
width-bounded deep neural networks can approximate any continuous function
arbitrarily well.
This univ... |
2,869,038,156,613 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
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\begin{document}
\title[Global ... |
2,869,038,156,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In many areas, like finance, economics or physics, a common way of
assessing the performance of a system is to consider the ratio of
what the system delivers to what it consumes. In communication
theory, transmit power and transmission rate are respectively two
common measures ... |
2,869,038,156,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{utomated driving} has the potential to radically change our mobility habits as well as the way goods are transported. To enable driving automation, several processing steps have to be executed. \autoref{fig:intro} illustrates this thought: In the first step, the current traffic ... |
2,869,038,156,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of recovering a hidden structure (the signal) in a graph on the basis of the observation of its edges and the weights on edges and vertices appears in many, diverse contexts. Community detection~\cite{decelle2011asymptotic}, group testing~\cite{mezard2008group}, certain types of err... |
2,869,038,156,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a macromolecule having a diameter of about 22-26 {\AA} \cite{JMB81}. In aqueous medium, specially in presence of cations the acid group dissociates to generate a macromolecular polyanion with a persistence length of at least $\sim$ 500 {\AA} \cite{PNAS-94-6185-1997... |
2,869,038,156,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the linear fourth order Schr\"odinger equation in three spatial dimensions
\begin{align*}
i \psi_t = H \psi, \,\,\, \psi(0,x)= f(x), \,\,\, H:=\Delta^2+ V, \, \, \, x\in \mathbb R^3.
\end{align*}
Variants of this equation were introduced by Karpman \cite{K}
and Karpman and Shagalo... |
2,869,038,156,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are a variety of popular and useful techniques for
automatically summarizing the thematic content of a set of
documents including document clustering \citep{nigam00text} and latent semantic
analysis \citep{LandDum97}. A somewhat more recent
and general framework that has been develope... |
2,869,038,156,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Searching for exotic hadrons beyond conventional $q\bar{q}$-meson and $qqq$-baryon pictures is an extremely meaningful topic in hadronic physics because they may contain more abundant low-energy strong interaction information than ordinary hadrons. A large amount of new hadron states have bee... |
2,869,038,156,621 | arxiv | \chapter*{\textbf{Appendix B}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\textbf{Appendix B}}
\begin{appendices}
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In this appendix, we collect the basic notations an... |
2,869,038,156,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When a solid body is subjected
to a varying stress, acoustic waves (i.e. pressure
waves propagating inside
of the body),
often reaching very high frequencies, are generated.
Examples of this phenomenon are the noise
produced by hitting a metal block
with a hammer
or the creaking of a wo... |
2,869,038,156,623 | arxiv | \section{Main results}\label{intro}
In \cite{W} and \cite{DW}, the authors initiated a partial computation of the connective $KU$-homology groups, $ku_*(K(\bold Z_2,2))$, of the mod-2 Eilenberg-MacLane space $K(\bold Z_2,2)$ in separate studies of Stiefel-Whitney classes of manifolds. We eventually turned to the assoc... |
2,869,038,156,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Brownian motion is the most popular stochastic process and has a tremendous number of applications in science. In one dimension, a \emph{free} Brownian motion $x(t)$ evolves according to the Langevin equation
\begin{align}
\dot x(t) =\sqrt{2\,D}\,\eta(t)\,, \label{eq:BMeom}
\end{align} where $... |
2,869,038,156,625 | arxiv | \section{HD~34282 peculiarities}
\label{sec:HD34282}
HD~34282 (V1366~Ori, PDS~176) is a Herbig Ae (HAe) star (the cool A-range subset of the Herbig AeBe stars) that is also a \DSS. Pulsations were originally discovered by \citet{2004MNRAS.352L..11A}, with ten frequencies later identified by \citet{2006MmSAI..77...97A... |
2,869,038,156,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The basic idea of the brane worlds is that the universe is restricted to a brane inside a higher-dimensional space, called the "bulk" . In this model, at least some of the extra dimensions are extensive (possibly infinite), and other branes may be moving through this bulk.
Some of the first bra... |
2,869,038,156,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that Glauber dynamics (local Markov chains) on spin systems (such as the Ising, Potts, and hard-core models, graph colorings, etc.) suffer an exponential slowdown
at low temperatures. This is due to the emergence of multiple phases in the state space, which are separated
by narr... |
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