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2,869,038,156,528
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two of the most-studied quantities in the Markov chain literature are the \textit{mixing time} and \textit{hitting times} associated with a chain. In \citep{finitemixhit, oliveira2012mixing}, the authors showed that these quantities are equal up to universal constants for reversible discrete t...
2,869,038,156,529
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{M}{olecular} communication (MC) is an emerging field in which nano-scale devices communicate with each other via chemical signaling, based on exchanging small {\em information particles} \cite{eckBook, far16ST}. For instance, in biological systems MC can take place using hormones...
2,869,038,156,530
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding the mechanism of turbulence has been a great challenge for over a century. Now, it is still very far from approaching a comprehensive theory and the final resolution of the turbulent problem \cite{lumly}. Reynolds (1883)[1] \cite{reynolds} did the first famous experiments on pipe f...
2,869,038,156,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The need for cyber security is growing by the day to provide protection against cyber attacks \cite{biju2019cyber} including denial of service (DoS), distributed denial of service (DDoS), phishing, eavesdropping, cross site scripting (XSS), drive by download, man in the middle, password attack, S...
2,869,038,156,532
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The rank of a matrix is an important invariant for several problems in mathematics. In probability theory the rank can be used to determine when two discrete random variables are independent. More precisely, if $X$ and $Y$ are discrete random variables, and $A=(a_{i,j})$ is the joint probabil...
2,869,038,156,533
arxiv
\section{Introduction} 2D quantum gravity on $AdS_2$ geometry is important due to its essential role in the context of black hole physics. Indeed the $AdS_2$ geometry is the factor which appears in the near horizon geometry of extremal black holes in any dimension. Therefore understanding quantum gravity on $AdS_2$ mi...
2,869,038,156,534
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Throughout this paper, we discuss integer covering problems of the form \begin{align*} \min_{x \in \mathbb{Z}_+^n} \left\{ c^T x \mid Ax \geq r \right\} \tag{P} \label{LP:P} \end{align*} where $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}_+$, $r \in \mathbb{R}^m$, and $c\in \mathbb{R}...
2,869,038,156,535
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The HIPPARCOS satellite (Perryman 1989) has provided high quality parallaxes for $\sim 118,000$\ stars. These data can be used to address a variety of different astrophysical problems. HIPPARCOS parallaxes for about one hundred nearby dwarfs with metal abundances in the range $-2.5<$[Fe/H]$<0.2$...
2,869,038,156,536
arxiv
\section{Results} \subsection{Percolation model} A quantum walk, defined in analogy with a random walk, is a particular quantum mechanical process on a prescribed graph, which consists of iterative applications of a unitary operator usually called a step, which factorizes as $\hat{U}=\hat{S}\hat{C}$. The \textit{coin o...
2,869,038,156,537
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fault-tolerant quantum computing is the research effort to make quantum computers reliable despite the many ways that quantum hardware suffers from errors beyond an experimenter's control. Techniques from physics, information theory, and computer science are employed to develop robust quantum pr...
2,869,038,156,538
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Magnetic fields are expected to play an important role in the process of star formation. During the main accretion phase, magnetic fields in protostellar envelopes regulate mass and momentum accretion onto a disk and consequently affect disk formation and disk properties, such ...
2,869,038,156,539
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Sun exhibits many time scales, from the ten minute lifetimes of granules to multi-millennial magnetic activity modulations. One of the most prominent of these scales is the 11-year sunspot cycle, during which the number of magnetically active regions waxes and wanes. The Su...
2,869,038,156,540
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} In 1976, Chouinard gave a general formula for injective dimension of a module, when it is finite (cf. \cite{Chouinard}). \\ {\bf Theorem.} Let $M$ be an $R$-module of finite injective dimension. Then $$\mbox{inj.dim}\,_R M= \sup \{ \mbox{depth}\, R_\mathfrak{p} - \mbox{width}\,_{R_\mathfrak{p}}...
2,869,038,156,541
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $A$ be a $d\times d$ matrix over $\mathbb{Z}$ (the integers), and assume that its eigenvalues $\lambda$ satisfy $|\lambda|>1$. In particular $A$ is assumed invertible. Let $\mathbb{Z}^d[A^{-1}]$ be the associated discrete group obtained as an inductive limit $$\mathbb{Z}^d\stackrel{A}{\long...
2,869,038,156,542
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec::introduction} Online communication channels or mediums of computer mediated communication such as emails, blogs and online social networking websites represent different forms of social networks. These networks have attracted billions of users in recent years \cite{ahn07} adding new d...
2,869,038,156,543
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding effective equilibrium interactions between two charged mesoscopic bodies immersed in a solution, is essential in various fields of colloid science, from physics \cite{Ben95} to biochemistry \cite{Jonsson99}. References \cite{Gelbart00,HL00,Belloni00,Levin02,Grosberg02,Messina09,...
2,869,038,156,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Since spiral galaxies are rotationally supported systems, disc rotation curves generally serve as valuable tracers of the gravitational potential in the galactic plane. Through traditional mass-modelling, the observed curve is routinely used to infer the mass distribution of ga...
2,869,038,156,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The asymptotic Borel map sends a function, admitting an asymptotic expansion in a sectorial region, into the formal power series providing such expansion. In many instances it is important to decide about the injectivity and surjectivity of this map when considered between so-called Carleman-Rou...
2,869,038,156,546
arxiv
\section{Introduction} String theory (ST) and Vasiliev's equations (VE) \cite{Vasiliev:1988sa,Vasiliev:2003ev} are the only known examples of consistent theories of interacting higher-spin (HS) particles.\footnote{ See \cite{Bekaert:2010hw,Sagnotti:2011qp} for some recent reviews.} Although their current formulations...
2,869,038,156,547
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An important advance in the investigation of quantum fluids was recently achieved with the experimental observation of high quantum degeneracy and off-diagonal long-range coherence, in a gas of exciton- polaritons in a two-dimensional semiconductor microcavity \cite{kasprzak06,balili07}. High qu...
2,869,038,156,548
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The most luminous stars in low metallicity galaxies are of special interest. These may have masses exceeding $200~\textrm{M}_\odot$, defining the upper mass limit of stars. Until recently, such massive objects were only found in the cores of young massive clusters \citep{crowth...
2,869,038,156,549
arxiv
\section{#1}} \usepackage{lipsum} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{fancyvrb} \usepackage{listings} \usepackage{enumitem} \usepackage{tcolorbox} \usepackage{multicol} \usepackage{siunitx} \lstdefinestyle{common}{ xleftmargin=.5em, xrightmargin=.5em, frame=single,framesep=.5em,framerule=0pt, fancyvrb=true, basi...
2,869,038,156,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The reliability of modern applications, running either on the cloud or on mobile devises, is paramount for their success. Despite heavy investment in software quality processes, including testing, static analysis, and code reviews, bugs are still propagated to production-level systems, hamperi...
2,869,038,156,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Intergalactic magnetic fields are among the most interesting discoveries in modern cosmology. Recently, lower bounds of the order of $B \sim 10^{-15}G$ have been established observationally \cite{Ando,Neronov} and the search for the origin of these fields has intensified. One of the best candida...
2,869,038,156,552
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this paper, let $p$ be a prime number, and let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$. An abelian variety $X$ over $k$ is said to be \emph{supersingular} if it is isogenous to a product of supersingular elliptic curves; it is called \emph{superspecial} if it is iso...
2,869,038,156,553
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, a very unusual waveguide was proposed by R. Marques in \cite{Marqueswaveguide} and then extensively studied by S. Hrabar in \cite{Hrabarwaveguide}. It is a rectangular metallic waveguide periodically loaded by resonant magnetic scatterers, so-called split-ring-resonators (SRR:s) \cite...
2,869,038,156,554
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Water is ubiquitous on Earth, and a detailed understanding of its properties and behavior under different conditions is of crucial importance in several scientific fields.\cite{ei69,pe99,fr00,ro96} This does not only refer to thermodynamically stable water phases, but also to various metastabl...
2,869,038,156,555
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Electric fields are widely used to manipulate particles and fluids. For example, separation of emulsified water from crude oil in the petroleum refining process is achieved by the application of electric fields, which facilitate drop coalescence \citep{Waterman,Eow:2002}. An ...
2,869,038,156,556
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface~(RIS) has been proposed as a novel and cost-effective solution to achieve high spectral and energy efficiency for wireless communications via only low-cost reflecting elements~\cite{M-2019}. With a large number of elements whose electromagnetic respons...
2,869,038,156,557
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{intro} The spectral energy distribution of the blazar subclass of active galactic nuclei -- which includes flat-spectrum radio quasars, FSRQ, and BL~Lac-type objects -- is dominated by highly variable nonthermal emission from relativistic jets that are viewed within several degrees of the...
2,869,038,156,558
arxiv
\section{Discussion} We have demonstrated interactive storytelling, a combination of interactive topic modeling and constrained search wherein documents are connected obeying user constraints on paths. User feedback is pushed deep into the computational pipeline and used to refine the topic model. Through experiments ...
2,869,038,156,559
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{M}{id-air} haptics provide a new mode of sensory feedback for humans, creating ``virtual touch” that allows people to feel tactile sensations in the space above a transducer. The primary method to produce mid-air haptics is with ultrasonic arrays, which focus acoustic radiation pres...
2,869,038,156,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Circulant graphs form an important and very well-studied class of graphs \cite{monakhova2012survey}. They find applications to the computer network design, telecommunication networking, distributed computation, parallel processing architectures, and VLSI design. For $n\in \mathbb...
2,869,038,156,561
arxiv
\section*{References}} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{intersections} \usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing} \usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings} \tikzset{ laser/.style={decorate, decoration={snake,segment length=5mm}, draw=black}, electron/.style={draw...
2,869,038,156,562
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} As discussed in previous chapters (Vink, Owocki), two critical aspects in the evolution of very massive stars (VMSs) are that their high luminosities cause strong mass loss in radiation-driven winds, and that high luminosities can also cause severe instabilities in the stellar enve...
2,869,038,156,563
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} status update systems, sensor nodes are largely deployed to monitor different types of physical processes. They need to continuously sample data to get timely status updates about the targeted process, and the sampled data will be transmitted to the network to support real-tim...
2,869,038,156,564
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \section{Introduction} The standard model (SM) fails to provide an explanation for the baryon-to-photon ratio in the present universe, $\eta_B^{\rm obs} \simeq 6 \times 10^{-10}$~\cite{Ade:2013zuv}, which serves as a major indication for new physics. Consequently, some new dynamical mechanism must ...
2,869,038,156,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The electromagnetic form factors in both space-like $(Q^2>0)$ and time-like $(Q^2<0)$ regions are essential to understand the intrinsic structure of hadrons. The experimental data of elastic form factors over several decades, including recent high precision measurement at Jefferson Lab \cite{PRL...
2,869,038,156,566
arxiv
\section{ Introduction } In quantum field theory one of the main aim is to calculate the scattering cross section which is experimentally measured. The scattering cross section can be calculated from the S-matrix element. In QCD the generating functional in the path integral formulation yields the connected green's fu...
2,869,038,156,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the rapid development of human society and global economy, the expense of resources has increased progressively, especially since the first industrial revolution\cite{2015_Science_347_1246501_Bonaccorso_Graphene}. The existing fossil fuels in earth such as coal, oil and natural gas, which we...
2,869,038,156,568
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{intro}} By virtue of their large populations of coeval stars, the Galactic globular clusters present us with a unique laboratory for the study of the evolution of low mass stars. The combination of their extreme ages, compositions and dynamics also allows us a glimpse at the early history ...
2,869,038,156,569
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Renormalization of the deformations of the action}\label{sec:IntroRenorm} Consider a quantum field theory with an action $S$ invariant under some Lie algebra of symmetries $\bf g$. Let us study its infinitesimal deformations of the theory, corresponding to the deformations of the a...
2,869,038,156,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider perfect fluid solutions of the Einstein field equations, \begin{equation} R_{ab} - \smfrac{1}{2} R \, g_{ab} = T_{ab} , \label{EFE} \end{equation} on a 4-dimensional spacetime $(M, g)$, with energy-momentum tensor given by \begin{equation}\label{intro_Tab} T_{ab}= (\mu+p) u_{a}u_{b}+p...
2,869,038,156,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The large amount of proton-proton (\ensuremath{\Pp\Pp}\xspace) collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13\TeV at the CERN LHC allows for precision measurements of standard model (SM) processes with very small production rates. Precise measurements of the inclusive ...
2,869,038,156,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The mystery of the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) has lasted for nearly 100 years. Energetics arguments strongly suggest supernovae and their remnants (SNe \& SNRs) may be a source of Galactic CRs. By observing such potential CR accelerators in multiple wavelengths, we can constrain their particle...
2,869,038,156,573
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lattice calculations of the hadronic spectrum are now reaching a precision where it is essential to resolve the influence of isospin breaking effects. These have two sources, a QCD effect arising from the fact that the $u$ and $d$ quarks have different masses, and an electromagnetic ef...
2,869,038,156,574
arxiv
\section{Introduction and an overview of the main results}\label{Section 1} \subsection{Statistical properties of random Birkhoff sums and a preview}\label{Sec1.1} Probabilistic limit theorems for expanding random dynamical systems have been studied extensively in the past decades. This setup includes a probability spa...
2,869,038,156,575
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Studies of gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectral evolution have recently begun to uncover trends which may constrain the emission mechanisms. Earlier reports on spectral evolution focused solely on the ``hardness'' of bursts, measured either by the ratio between two detector channels or with mor...
2,869,038,156,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \subsection{Triangulations, multitriangulations and $0$-$1$-fillings} \sloppypar The systematic study of $0$-$1$-fillings of polyominoes with restricted chain lengths likely originates in an article by Jakob Jonsson~\cite{Jonsson2005}. At first, he was interested in a ...
2,869,038,156,577
arxiv
\section{Stratified Sampling Properties and Storage Overhead} \label{sec:analysis} In this section prove the two properties stated in Section~\ref{sec:stratified-samples} and give the storage overhead for Zipf distribution. \input{stratified-sample-properties.tex} \input{stratified-sample-overhead.tex} \section{Sys...
2,869,038,156,578
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Autonomous navigation of quadrotors necessitates sensing \cite{huang2017visual,stevens2018vision,sun2018robust,yang2019cubeslam}, planning \cite{camci2019planning,morrell2018comparison,lai2018optimal,camci2019learning}, and control \cite{greeff2018flatness,tal2018accurate,tang2018learning,mehnd...
2,869,038,156,579
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} There have been extensively studied for years about kaon condensation and its implications on neutron stars at low temperature \cite{lee}. In 1994 Brown and Bethe proposed the low-mass black hole (BH) scenario, based on the large softening of EOS due to kaon condensation \cite{bro}. It is produc...
2,869,038,156,580
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A fundamental goal in neuroscience is to understand how information is represented, stored and modified in cortical networks. New experimental methods in neuroscience not only enable chronic, minimally invasive, recordings of large populations of neurons with cellular level res...
2,869,038,156,581
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A shadow is a two-dimensional dark region in the observer's sky corresponding to light rays that fall into an event horizon when propagated backwards in time. It is shown that the shape and size of the shadow carry the characteristic information of the geometry around the celestial body \cite{sh...
2,869,038,156,582
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent For two decades, there has been increased interest in statistical modelling of functional data. Among the methods allowing to deal with such data, the functional linear regression, discussed in \cite{cardot99,cardot03}, constitutes an essential tool and has a large number of app...
2,869,038,156,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Solid semiconductor sensors are used for imaging, tracking and calorimetry in different disciplines. These detectors may have different level of tolerance for damage caused by different radiation types and doses, depending on the application. When an ionizing particle traverses ...
2,869,038,156,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The quantum mechanics employed by physicists every day to make predictions concerning the outcomes of experimental measurements is not, as it is conventionally understood, sufficient to make predictions in physical situations in which a clearly defined concept of ``measurement'...
2,869,038,156,585
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several empirical studies~\citep{SzegedyZSBEGF13, GoodfellowMP18} have demonstrated that models trained to have a low accuracy on a data set often have the undesirable property that a small perturbation to an input instance can change the label outputted by the model. For most domains this does ...
2,869,038,156,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction} While new physics (NP) coupling to quarks or gluons is strongly constrained by direct LHC searches (see e.g. Refs.~\cite{Butler:2017afk,Masetti:2018btj} for an overview), there is much more parameter space left for models with new particles posessing only electroweak (EW) int...
2,869,038,156,587
arxiv
\section*{APPENDIX} \bibliographystyle{bibliography/IEEEtran} \section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} In this paper we have presented a method for determining the median value of measurements for a group of agents communicating using scheduled acoustic communication channel. The convergence of the protocol tow...
2,869,038,156,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{C}{ollision}-free trajectory planning plays an essential role in the missions preformed by a swarm of robots in a shared environment, such as cooperative inspection and transportation \cite{Chung2018,Zhou2022}. Currently, optimization-based methods, such as model predictive control...
2,869,038,156,589
arxiv
\section{Parameter settings} \label{sec:appendix:defaults} \subsection{Algebraic part} The settings for the algebraic part are listed and explained in detail in the section ``Code Writer/Make Package" in the documentation, as well as in the section ``Loop Integral" for settings which are specific to loop integrals....
2,869,038,156,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:motivation} With the appearance of more and better near-IR instruments, the studies of the stellar populations in galaxies in different environments and at various redshifts, exploring the rest-frame wavelength region between 1 and 2.5~$\mu$m, have become more frequent \citep[e.g.][]{s...
2,869,038,156,591
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The importance of random matrix theory (RMT) can hardly be overstated. Since its initial development by Wigner and Dyson to deal with the spectrum of many-body quantum systems \cite{wigner,dyson}, it has found applications in areas of physics as diverse as disordered systems, chaos, and qua...
2,869,038,156,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An analysis of the spectra of particles produced in heavy ion collisions at CERN and AGS indicates that the excited matter created in these reactions spends most of its life time close to the QCD phase transition \cite{Sta_96}. Under these circumstances, we cannot expect that the phenomena ...
2,869,038,156,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Segmentation of fine-scale structures such as vessels, neurons and membranes is an important task especial in biomedical applications~\cite{tetteh2020deepvesselnet,fakhry2016deep, hu2019topology}. Accurate delineation of these structures are crucial for downstream analysis and f...
2,869,038,156,594
arxiv
\section*{Small Oscillations of a Vortex Ring: Hamiltonian Formalism and Quantization} {S.V. TALALOV} {Department of Applied Mathematics, Togliatti State University, \\ 14 Belorusskaya str., Tolyatti, Samara region, 445020 Russia.\\ svt\_19@mail.ru} \end{center} \begin{abstract} This article investigate...
2,869,038,156,595
arxiv
\subsection{Risk-Averse Q-Learning (RAQL) and proof of convergence} \begin{algorithm}[ht] \scriptsize \caption{Risk-Averse Q-Learning (RAQL)~\cite{shen2014risk}} \label{alg:Risk_Averse_QLearning} \begin{algorithmic}[1] \STATE For $\forall (s,a)$, initialize $Q(s,a) = 0$; $N(s,a) = 0$. \FOR{$t=1$ to $T$} \STATE At stat...
2,869,038,156,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Definitions} \label{sec1} \textbf{Receptive Field (RF):} is a local region (including its depth) on the output volume of the previous layer that a neuron is connected to. This term has been prevalent in Neurosciences since the study of Hubel and Wiesel~\cite{hubel1962receptive} in which...
2,869,038,156,597
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} The values of the refractive index most commonly observed in nature are positive and on the order of 1. Finding materials with an unusual refractive index -- very high, zero, or negative -- has long been a subject of interest; of course, to be of practical use, it should be accompani...
2,869,038,156,598
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Processing cores and the accompanying main memory working together make the modern processor work. It is common to fabricate the cores and memory separately on different packages using 2D packaging technology and then connect them using off-chip interconnects. H...
2,869,038,156,599
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In recent years, much of the research in semiconductor physics has been shifting towards {\em spintronics}, \cite{pri,wol-aws-buh} the novel branch of electronics in which the information is carried, at least in part, by the spin of the electrons. The electron spin might be used in the future to...
2,869,038,156,600
arxiv
\section{} In this supplemental section, technical details concerning the numerical calculation and the lattice model are provided, as well as additional results. \section{Hamiltonian Model} The Hamiltonian used in our calculations is a multiorbital Hubbard model composed of kinetic and interacting energy terms: $H=...
2,869,038,156,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-object tracking (MOT) is a longstanding computer vision problem in which the goal is to keep track of the identities and locations of multiple objects throughout a video. A popular MOT approach is tracking-by-detection~\cite{luo2020multiple}, in which an object detector is first run o...
2,869,038,156,602
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The production of photons at large transverse momenta is studied for a variety of final-state configurations at particle colliders, for example in inclusive photon production, photon pair production or photon-plus-jet production. These observables probe fundamental QCD and QED...
2,869,038,156,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum metrology offers the promise to measure certain parameters with a higher precision than using classical resources only. More precisely, given a physical process $\Lambda(\varphi)$ depending on a parameter $\varphi$, one can estimate $\varphi$ with higher accuracy, if the process is appl...
2,869,038,156,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Diffusion-reaction processes in industrial chemical reactors, living cells, and biological tissues have been studied over many decades \cite{Rice85,Barzykin01,Lauffenburger,Metzler,Lindenberg}. Diffusion toward spherical traps (or sinks) is an emblematic model of such processe...
2,869,038,156,605
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} To obtain information on a group~$G$, a standard approach consists in considering subgroups and studying how they behave in the group. In particular, one often consider the centralizer~$Z_G(H)$ of a subgroup~$H$ in~$G$, which is defined by $$Z_G(H) = \{g\in G\mid gh = hg \textrm{ for all } h\...
2,869,038,156,606
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Pour une vari\'et\'e $M$ donn\'ee, l'\'etude des sous-vari\'et\'es de $M\,,$ du point de vue de la g\'eom\'etrie de dimension infinie, am\`ene tr\`es naturellement \`a consid\'erer l'ensemble des sous-vari\'et\'es compactes, connexes et orient\'ees de $M$ comme une vari\'et\'e fr\'ech\'etique. C...
2,869,038,156,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The movement of animals in search for food, refugia or other resources is nowadays the subject of active research trying to unveil the mechanisms that give rise to a wide family of related complex patterns. In particular, physicists find in these a fruitful field to explore reaction-diffusion ...
2,869,038,156,608
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Star clusters are often born in a hierarchical structure which consists of several subclusters (hereafter clumps). One of the biggest systems is the Carina Nebula, which include several star clusters and smaller clumps \citep{2011ApJS..194....9F,2014ApJ...787..107K}. Such ``star cluster compl...
2,869,038,156,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved significantly advanced performance in a wide range of fields, and have been further applied to industrial practices, including some security-critical fields, \textit{e.g.}, audio-visual processing \cite{liu2020re} and medical image proce...
2,869,038,156,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{footnote}{0} Let $M$ be a smooth, connected, compact Riemannian manifold without boundary. We use $T^*M$ to denote its cotangent bundle and $H$ a continuous function, called Hamiltonian, on $T^*M\times\mathbb{R}$. The problem of existence and uniqueness of v...
2,869,038,156,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider a maximally entangled state of two particles $A$ and $B$, for instance, the Bell state \begin{equation} \ket{\Phi^+}_{AB}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (\ket{0}_A\ket{0}_B + \ket{1}_A\ket{1}_B). \label{bell} \end{equation} Imagine now that the state describes a situation where the particles are in ...
2,869,038,156,612
arxiv
\section{Motivation} The \textit{universal approximation theorem} \citep{cybenko1989} and its subsequent extensions \citep{hornik1991, lu2017} state that feedforward neural networks with exponentially large width and width-bounded deep neural networks can approximate any continuous function arbitrarily well. This univ...
2,869,038,156,613
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \def\Ai{\mathrm {Ai}} \def\Bi{\mathrm {Bi}} \renewcommand\O[1]{\mathcal{O}\left({#1}\right)} \renewcommand\i{\mathrm{i}} \renewcommand\Re{\hspace{0.2mm}\mathrm{Re}\hspace{0.2mm}} \renewcommand\Im{\hspace{0.2mm}\mathrm{Im}\hspace{0.2mm}} \begin{document} \title[Global ...
2,869,038,156,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In many areas, like finance, economics or physics, a common way of assessing the performance of a system is to consider the ratio of what the system delivers to what it consumes. In communication theory, transmit power and transmission rate are respectively two common measures ...
2,869,038,156,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{utomated driving} has the potential to radically change our mobility habits as well as the way goods are transported. To enable driving automation, several processing steps have to be executed. \autoref{fig:intro} illustrates this thought: In the first step, the current traffic ...
2,869,038,156,616
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of recovering a hidden structure (the signal) in a graph on the basis of the observation of its edges and the weights on edges and vertices appears in many, diverse contexts. Community detection~\cite{decelle2011asymptotic}, group testing~\cite{mezard2008group}, certain types of err...
2,869,038,156,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction} DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a macromolecule having a diameter of about 22-26 {\AA} \cite{JMB81}. In aqueous medium, specially in presence of cations the acid group dissociates to generate a macromolecular polyanion with a persistence length of at least $\sim$ 500 {\AA} \cite{PNAS-94-6185-1997...
2,869,038,156,618
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the linear fourth order Schr\"odinger equation in three spatial dimensions \begin{align*} i \psi_t = H \psi, \,\,\, \psi(0,x)= f(x), \,\,\, H:=\Delta^2+ V, \, \, \, x\in \mathbb R^3. \end{align*} Variants of this equation were introduced by Karpman \cite{K} and Karpman and Shagalo...
2,869,038,156,619
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are a variety of popular and useful techniques for automatically summarizing the thematic content of a set of documents including document clustering \citep{nigam00text} and latent semantic analysis \citep{LandDum97}. A somewhat more recent and general framework that has been develope...
2,869,038,156,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Searching for exotic hadrons beyond conventional $q\bar{q}$-meson and $qqq$-baryon pictures is an extremely meaningful topic in hadronic physics because they may contain more abundant low-energy strong interaction information than ordinary hadrons. A large amount of new hadron states have bee...
2,869,038,156,621
arxiv
\chapter*{\textbf{Appendix B}} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\textbf{Appendix B}} \begin{appendices} \renewcommand{\thechapter}{\arabic{chapter}} \renewcommand{\thesection}{B.\arabic{section}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{B.\arabic{equation}} \setcounter{equation}{0} In this appendix, we collect the basic notations an...
2,869,038,156,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When a solid body is subjected to a varying stress, acoustic waves (i.e. pressure waves propagating inside of the body), often reaching very high frequencies, are generated. Examples of this phenomenon are the noise produced by hitting a metal block with a hammer or the creaking of a wo...
2,869,038,156,623
arxiv
\section{Main results}\label{intro} In \cite{W} and \cite{DW}, the authors initiated a partial computation of the connective $KU$-homology groups, $ku_*(K(\bold Z_2,2))$, of the mod-2 Eilenberg-MacLane space $K(\bold Z_2,2)$ in separate studies of Stiefel-Whitney classes of manifolds. We eventually turned to the assoc...
2,869,038,156,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Brownian motion is the most popular stochastic process and has a tremendous number of applications in science. In one dimension, a \emph{free} Brownian motion $x(t)$ evolves according to the Langevin equation \begin{align} \dot x(t) =\sqrt{2\,D}\,\eta(t)\,, \label{eq:BMeom} \end{align} where $...
2,869,038,156,625
arxiv
\section{HD~34282 peculiarities} \label{sec:HD34282} HD~34282 (V1366~Ori, PDS~176) is a Herbig Ae (HAe) star (the cool A-range subset of the Herbig AeBe stars) that is also a \DSS. Pulsations were originally discovered by \citet{2004MNRAS.352L..11A}, with ten frequencies later identified by \citet{2006MmSAI..77...97A...
2,869,038,156,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The basic idea of the brane worlds is that the universe is restricted to a brane inside a higher-dimensional space, called the "bulk" . In this model, at least some of the extra dimensions are extensive (possibly infinite), and other branes may be moving through this bulk. Some of the first bra...
2,869,038,156,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that Glauber dynamics (local Markov chains) on spin systems (such as the Ising, Potts, and hard-core models, graph colorings, etc.) suffer an exponential slowdown at low temperatures. This is due to the emergence of multiple phases in the state space, which are separated by narr...