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2,869,038,156,428 | arxiv | \section{The Algorithm}
In order to make inference efficient, we train a non-linear regressor
that maps input patches $Y$ to sparse representations $Z$. We consider
the following nonlinear mapping:
\begin{eqnarray}
F(Y;G,W,D) = G \tanh( W Y + D) \label{eq:regressor}
\end{eqnarray}
where $W \in {\cal R}^{m \times n}$... |
2,869,038,156,429 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Vortices with non-Abelian gauge groups (usually $U(N_c)$), as well as extended flavour symmetry, are host to a wealth of unique and surprising properties (\cite{Hanany:2003hp},\cite{Auzzi:2003fs},\cite{SYmon},\cite{Hanany:2004ea},\cite{Gorsky:2004ad},\cite{Eto:2006mz} an... |
2,869,038,156,430 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}\label{intro}
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction6}
Polling queues find applications when multiple products compete for a common resource. In a polling queue, a single server serves multiple queues of products, visiting the queues one at a time in a fixed cyclic manner. In manufacturin... |
2,869,038,156,431 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bound states composed of two heavy quarks such as
$(c\bar c),\, (b\bar b)$ and $(\bar b c)$ mesons,
and $(ccq),\, (bbq)$ and $(bcq)$ baryons ($q$ denotes a light quark)
are of interests because they can
be produced with sizable rates at the current high energy hadron
or $e^+e^-$ colliders. The ... |
2,869,038,156,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Understanding the origin of life is one of the main challenges of modern science. It is believed that some basic prebiotic chemistry could have developed in space, likely transferring prebiotic molecules to the solar nebula and later on to Earth.
For example, comets exhibit a wide... |
2,869,038,156,433 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for the $L^{2}$-critical nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations:
\begin{equation}\label{NLSa}
\begin{cases}
iu_{t} + \Delta{u} +|u|^{\frac{4}{d}}u + ia(x)u =0, (t,x) \in [0,\infty[\times \mathbb{R}^{d}, d=1,2,3,4. \\
u(0)= u_{0} \in H^1(\mathbb{R}^{d})
\e... |
2,869,038,156,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Upcoming redshift and weak lensing surveys, such as Dark Energy Survey (DES)~\cite{des}, Euclid~\cite{euclid} and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)~\cite{lsst,Ivezic:2008fe}, combined with the cosmic microwave background measurements from Planck~\cite{planck} and other cosmological probes, ... |
2,869,038,156,435 | arxiv |
\chapter{SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS \label{cha:Summary}}
The non-supersymmetric space $\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{Z}_d$ is the exemplary model for the study of tachyon condensation in string theory. By studying topological defects between these non-compact orbifolds we have found defects which encode the bulk RG flow that drive... |
2,869,038,156,436 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{theorem}{0} \setcounter{equation}{0}
\par\noindent}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\renewcommand{\thetheorem}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{theorem}}
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{corr}[theorem]{Corollary}
\newtheorem{pr... |
2,869,038,156,437 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Experiments with ultracold atoms have now entered the regime of strong
interactions, thanks to the possibility to manipulate the $s$-wave
scattering length $a$ between cold atoms with a magnetically induced Feshbach
resonance \cite{Feshbach,revueStringariFermions}.
This has led to a revolution ... |
2,869,038,156,438 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of controlling a stochastic dynamical system to either aid or hinder the estimation of its time-varying state arises across numerous applications in automatic control, signal processing, and robotics.
Applications in which the problem has been investigated in its \emph{active estimati... |
2,869,038,156,439 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The dominant hard scattering process at the LHC is the production of
hadronic jets. Their ubiquity in the collider environment allows for
high precision studies of jets to be performed by the
ATLAS~\cite{atlasjet,atlasjet2} and CMS~\cite{cmsjet,cmsjet2,cmsjet3,cmsjet4} experiments. Jet cross... |
2,869,038,156,440 | arxiv | \section*{Result}
{\it Experiment.}
High quality epitaxial Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ and $\rm(Bi_{1-x}In_{x})_{2}Se_{3}$ thin films were grown on
Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ and SiO$_{2}$/Si substrates using the
MBE method \cite{bansal2011epitaxial}. Optical transmittance T($\omega$)
was measured from Far-infrared to UV by using Fourier... |
2,869,038,156,441 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{chap:ADiT-sec:Intro}
Top-$k$ queries retrieve the $k$ tuples of a query result which score best for a given objective function. Top-$k$ queries help to overcome the problem of too large query results on one hand and too low recall, if the query is more constrained, and are therefore a prom... |
2,869,038,156,442 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The value of astrophysical sky surveys in various
wavelength ranges for their subsequent use in
studying the physical and statistical properties of
various populations of sources is directly related both
to the completeness of the surveys themselves and to
the completen... |
2,869,038,156,443 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Decision tree ensembles have proven very successful in various machine learning applications. Indeed, they are often referred to as the best ``off-the-shelf'' learners \cite{friedman2001elements}, as they exhibit several appealing properties such as ease of tuning, robustness to outliers, and int... |
2,869,038,156,444 | arxiv |
\section*{Organization of the Appendix}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\ref{app:proofs-pd}] \nameref{app:proofs-pd}
\item[\ref{app:proof-relaxed}] \nameref{app:proof-relaxed}
\item[\ref{app:proof-strict}] \nameref{app:proof-strict}
\item[\ref{app:proofs-concentration}] \nameref{app:proofs-concentration}
... |
2,869,038,156,445 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dozens of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone (HZ) have been found so far. Most of these planets orbit cool host stars, the so-called M dwarfs\footnote{phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog}. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is expected to find many more of thes... |
2,869,038,156,446 | arxiv |
\section{On the Latent Separability of Backdoor Poison Samples}
\label{sec:latent_separability_and_adaptive_backdoor_poisoning_attack}
\input{sections/assets/visualization_latent_compare_seed_666}
\subsection{Latent Separability}
\label{subsec:latent_separability}
One principled idea for detecting backdoor poison s... |
2,869,038,156,447 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neural networks (NNs) have become a default solution for many problems because of their high performance. However, wider adoption of NNs requires not only high accuracy but also high computational efficiency.
Researchers either compress, search or jointly search and compress architectures aimin... |
2,869,038,156,448 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Neutron stars are mysterious compact objects where strong gravitational and electromagnetic fields emerge. These objects usually manifest as pulsars, emitting energetic electromagnetic signals detected at very precise intervals \citep{Camenzind}.
Even though they were discovered mor... |
2,869,038,156,449 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the last decade, pharmaceutical industry has undergone a paradigm shift \citep{ierapetritou_perspectives_2016} towards adoption of efficient process, control and material usage strategies in manufacturing, commonly referred to as Quality by Design (QbD) \citep{yu_understanding_2014,etzler_p... |
2,869,038,156,450 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{Sec:Intro}
In this paper, we describe topological techniques for the analysis of geometric data.
In particular we apply these methods to study a particular protein, the maltose-binding protein (MBP), whose geometric shape
can be represented by 370 points in $\mathbb{R}^3$, or equivalently... |
2,869,038,156,451 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The heartbeat is controlled by a particular pattern of an electrical
wave. When the heart is damaged by a myocardial infarction (MI), this
pattern is disturbed, leading to arrhythmias
and heart failure. Thus, it is important to understand how this
pattern is formed and how MI scars affect it... |
2,869,038,156,452 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In complex analysis the Szeg\"{o} kernel and Bergman kernel are
well-known, which had also been generalized into Clifford analysis
(including quaternionic analysis as a special case, see \cite{BDS}).
But in octonionic analysis the existence of such kernels is still
unknown, let alone the exp... |
2,869,038,156,453 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dialogue systems have received a considerable amount of attention from academic researchers and have achieved remarkable success in a myriad of industry scenarios, such as in chit-chat machines \cite{shum2018eliza}, information seeking and searching \cite{aliannejadi2019asking,Hashemi2020GuidedTL... |
2,869,038,156,454 | arxiv | \section{Nonconvex Variational Problem and Motivation}
A large class of finite deformation problems in nonlinear elasticity can be
formulated on the basis of a variational principle $({\cal{P}})$ in
which it is required to minimize certain nonconvex potential energy. Typically,
this takes the form
\begin{equation}
... |
2,869,038,156,455 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coupled laser arrays are photonic structures with great potential for a large variety of applications in optical communications, sensing and imaging. One of the main features that allows such applications is their electronically controlled operation and tunability, suggesting their functionality... |
2,869,038,156,456 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In general, automorphism groups of algebras are difficult to determine. In fact, some algebras contain wild automorphisms, see \cite{Joseph1976, Shestakov2004}.
This leads to a question: what invariants of an algebra control its automorphism group?
Yakimov \cite{Yakimov2014} proved the Andruski... |
2,869,038,156,457 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Large-scale velocity gradients have been observed in clouds and their clums and cores since the 1970s, and have usually been interpreted as evidence of rotation of the clouds \citep[e.g.,] [] {Belloche2013}. In particular, \citet{Fleck.Clark1981} found that the angular ... |
2,869,038,156,458 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The number of regions of a hyperplane arrangement can be calculated with its characteristic polynomial \cite{zasl}. This result is useful in solving problems of enumerative combinatorics. For example, in \cite{irm}, \cite{irm2}, \cite{irm3} a special hyperplane arrangement with several related... |
2,869,038,156,459 | arxiv | \section{\bigskip\bigskip Introduction}
This note deals with the regularity of the optimal transportation map, when
the distributions under consideration are close to restricted Gaussians. From the work
of Ma, Trudinger and Wang, ([MTW], [TW]) regularity holds for arbitrary smooth
distributions on nice domains wh... |
2,869,038,156,460 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the nonlinear $\sigma$ model description of the two-dimensional (2D)
Heisenberg model,\cite{csh} the low-energy and low-temperature properties of
the system are completely determined by three ground state parameters; the
sublattice magnetization $M$, the spin stiffness constant $\rho_s$, an... |
2,869,038,156,461 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
The controlled modification of graphene properties is essential for its proposed electronic applications \cite{1,2,3,4,5}. Ion irradiation is widely used for this aim (see, for example, \cite{6,7,8,9}) due to the ability to control the energy of ions and irradiation dose with high accuracy. Irra... |
2,869,038,156,462 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $A$ be a given finite subset of the integers. For any integer $N \geq 1$, we are interested in determining the $N$-fold sumset of $A$,
\[
NA : = \{a_1 + \cdots + a_N : a_1 , \ldots , a_N \in A\} ,
\]
where the $a_i$'s are not necessarily distinct.
For simplicity we may assume without loss o... |
2,869,038,156,463 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Mobile robots are
increasingly used in complex environments
aiming at autonomously realizing missions~\cite{wrs:online}.
The rapid pace of development in robotics hardware and technology demands software that can sustain this growth~\cite{brugali2007software,Lee2008,Perez2008,Gamez2013... |
2,869,038,156,464 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cosmologists assume that the Universe can be described as a
manifold. Mathematicians characterize manifolds in terms of their
geometry and topology. Thus, two fundamental questions regarding our
understanding of the Universe concern its geometry and topology. An
important difference between thes... |
2,869,038,156,465 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Data-driven dependency parsers achieve high parsing performance for languages representing different language families. The~state-of-the-art dependency parsers are trained with supervised learning methods on large correctly annotated treebanks, e.g. from Universal Dependencies \cite[UD,][]{nivre-... |
2,869,038,156,466 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction } \label{sec:intro}
In the standard reionization history of the Universe, the metagalactic ionizing background evolved relatively slowly except for the reionization of hydrogen ($z \gtrsim 6$) and of helium (fully-ionized at $z \sim 3$). During these phase transitions, the intergalactic medium (... |
2,869,038,156,467 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The numerical solution of Hamiltonian problems has been the subject of many investigations in the last decades, due to the fact that Hamiltonian problems are not structurally stable against generic perturbations, like those induced by a general-purpose numerical method used to appro... |
2,869,038,156,468 | arxiv | \section{Solving the equations of motion}
Integrating the equations
\begin{align}
i\partial_t c_{p,R}(t) &= (v_Fp + e V_b(t) ) \mbox{ } c_{p,R}(t) + \frac{ \Gamma }{L} \mbox{ } c_{.,L}(t) \nonumber \\
i\partial_t c_{p,L}(t) &= -v_Fp \mbox{ } c_{p,L}(t) + \frac{ \Gamma }{L} \mbox{ } c_{.,... |
2,869,038,156,469 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The question of whether the solar diameter changes on timescales of years to
centuries is very controversial. A recent paper (Thuillier et al 2005a)
presents a detailed summary of the issue. In essence, different measurement
and analysis techniques, and sometimes even identical instruments... |
2,869,038,156,470 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cluster categories were introduced by Buan, Marsh, Reineke, Reiten
and Todorov~\cite{BMRRT06} as a means to model the combinatorics of
cluster algebras with acyclic skew-symmetric exchange matrices within
the framework of quiver
representations (see also the work of Caldero, Chapoton and
... |
2,869,038,156,471 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently the study of transverse momentum dependent distribution
functions is among the special issues in hadronic physics. Of
particular interest, are two leading-twist (na\"{i}ve)
time-reversal odd transverse momentum dependent distribution
functions: Sivers function~\cite{sivers90,abm95}
$f_{1... |
2,869,038,156,472 | arxiv | \section{CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK}
\label{sec:conclusions}
In this paper, a novel drone detection approach using depth maps has been successfully validated for obstacle avoidance. A rich dataset of 6k synthetic depth maps using 3 different drone models has been generated using AirSim and released to the public, in ... |
2,869,038,156,473 | arxiv | \section{GENERAL FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS}
Papers are in 2 columns with the overall line width of 6.75~inches (41~picas). Each column is 3.25~inches wide (19.5~picas). The space
between the columns is .25~inches wide (1.5~picas). The left margin is 1~inch (6~picas). Use 10~point type with a vertical spacing of
11~po... |
2,869,038,156,474 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $X$ be a complex projective K3 surface. A recent result by Chen--Gounelas--Liedtke \cite{chen2019curves} completed the proof of the conjecture that there are infinitely many rational curves on $X$. Their method also provides information on the classes of these curves in the Picard group if ... |
2,869,038,156,475 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\blfootnote{
%
%
%
%
%
\hspace{-0.65cm}
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License.
License details:
\url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}.
}
Distributed representa... |
2,869,038,156,476 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Section:Intro}
In the outermost 30\% of the solar radius, the transfer of energy towards the surface occurs via turbulent convection.
To date, a comprehensive theory of solar turbulent convection from small up to global scales has not yet been formulated.
In the last decades, MHD simulatio... |
2,869,038,156,477 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{INTROD-SEC}}
Distance-redshift surveys of distant Type Ia supernovae point out that the universe
has recently entered a phase of accelerating expansion \cite{Rie98}, \cite{Per99}. The origin of this acceleration is not known and it is generally attributed to a dark energy component with ne... |
2,869,038,156,478 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Millimeter Wave (mmWave) systems are considered as one of the key technologies in next-generation wireless communication systems. Massive MIMO systems with mmWave technologies combine the advantages of leveraging spatial resources of MIMO with the high data rates offered by the large bandwidth ... |
2,869,038,156,479 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Averaged quantities are still commonly used
for the description of many complex processes in physics, chemistry or
astrophysics. This kind of approach is inprinted in our minds by an
unquestionable success of thermodynamics in which fluctuations around the
thermodynamic value a... |
2,869,038,156,480 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the problems posed by modern retail payments in the context of the perceived need for compromise between regulatory compliance and consumer protections.
Retail payments increasingly rely on digital technology,
including both e-commerce transactions via the Internet and in-person
elec... |
2,869,038,156,481 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electroencephalogram (EEG) remains vastly popular for recording the activity of the brain due to its relatively low cost, high time resolution and easy availability in hospitals and research institutions. Recently, researchers have used EEG as a tool for understanding the neural response to motor... |
2,869,038,156,482 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Single channel speech separation is a fundamental problem in the speech process, which has seen tremendous advances in the last years. The main neural architectures can be divided into two categories: (i) Spectral based~\cite{wang2019deep,li2019spectral, wang2018end} and (ii) time domain based~\c... |
2,869,038,156,483 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several models of the nucleon-nucleon interaction have been
presented and applied to nuclear physics problems.
The G-matrix interaction
plays a central role in calculations of
nuclear structure from the nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interaction,
as it is the basic two-body interaction in many body syst... |
2,869,038,156,484 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Ssection:1}
For a given smooth curve $\gamma\subset\mathbb{R}^2$, Bernoulli--Euler's elastic energy, also known as bending energy, is defined by
\[\mathcal{W}(\gamma)=\int_{\gamma}\kappa^2\,ds,\]
where $\kappa$ and $s$ denote the curvature and the arclength parameter of $\gamma$, respect... |
2,869,038,156,485 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Existence of Goldstone boson(s) is a manifestation of the
spontaneous breakdown of some exact or nearly-exact global continuous
symmetry in Nature \cite{goldstone}. Such Goldstone or pseudo-Goldstone bosons
would be exactly or nearly massless.
The well known example in the standard model
(SM) ... |
2,869,038,156,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that deriving maximum principles, namely, necessary
conditions for optimality, is an important approach in solving optimal control
problems (see \cite{YongZhou} and the references therein).
Boltyanski-Gamkrelidze-Pontryagin \cite{B-G-P56} announced the Pontryagin's
maximum... |
2,869,038,156,487 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Models with extra dimensions \cite{ArkaniHamed:1998rs}
provide one of the most promising
solutions to the hierarchy problem, namely, the huge difference
between the scale of gravity $M_P = G_N^{-1} \sim 10^{19}$ GeV
and the electroweak (EW) scale $M_{EW} \sim 100$ GeV. In these
models $M_P$ ... |
2,869,038,156,488 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article we study improvement of stability effects in Runge approximation originating from the interplay of geometry and an increasing frequency parameter for the acoustic Helmholtz equation. These effects had first been observed in \cite{HI04} and have subsequently been the object of in... |
2,869,038,156,489 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Theorem 1} \label{appsec: thm1_proof}
\input{sections/transportation-proofs}
\section{Full Proof of Theorem 2} \label{appsec: thm2_proof}
For a closed convex ball $\mathcal{B} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$, define the cone $\mathcal{C}_{\mathcal{B}} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{d+1}$, $\mathcal{C}_{\mathcal{B}} ... |
2,869,038,156,490 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are several puzzles in neutrino physics:
\begin{itemize}
\item the appearance of $\bar{\nu_{e}}$'s in the LSND experiment, not confirmed
by the very similar experiment Karmen \cite{LSND_Karmen}.
\item the disappearance of atmospheric $\nu_{\mu}$'s at SuperKamiokande over
distances of th... |
2,869,038,156,491 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
For many problems in science and in statistics, the large deviation
properties play an important role \cite{denHollander2000,dembo2010}.
Only for few cases analytical results can be obtained.
Thus, most problems have to be studied by numerical simulations
\cite{practical_guide... |
2,869,038,156,492 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec intro}
Symbolic control deals with the use of discrete synthesis techniques for controlling complex continuous or hybrid systems~\cite{belta2007symbolic,tabuada2009symbolic}.
In such approaches, one relies on symbolic abstractions of the orignal system; i.e. dynamical systems with fin... |
2,869,038,156,493 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The understanding of a symmetry that a physical system possesses, as well as this symmetry's breaking pattern allows us to explain uniquely a wide variety of phenomena in many areas of physics, including elementary particle physics and condensed matter physics \cite{Michel}. The mat... |
2,869,038,156,494 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past fifty years NN$\rightarrow$NN$\pi$ reactions have
received considerable interest. Of those, $\rm pp \rightarrow d\pi^+$
is probably the one which has been most extensively studied.
This is because it is experimentally much easier to identify a
two-particle final state.
Most older ... |
2,869,038,156,495 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Main Results}
The question of obtaining Poincar\'{e}-type inequalities (or more generally entropy inequalities) for pure jump L\'{e}vy processes was studied in the last decades, e.g.\ see \cite{BL,Wu,Cha}.
In particular, it was proved by \cite[Corollary 4.2]{Wu} and \cite[Theorem 23]{Cha}
that... |
2,869,038,156,496 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
A {\it strong Maltsev condition} is a positive primitive sentence
in the language of clones.
That is, it is a sentence expressing the existence of
some clone elements satisfying some equalities.
The name derives from the original example in \cite{maltsev}:
A.~I.~Maltsev proved that ... |
2,869,038,156,497 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While more than two hundred planets have been detected outside our Solar System, the minority of them that transit a bright parent star have had the highest impact on our overall understanding of these objects (see review by Charbonneau et al. 2007). Indeed, the structure and atmospheric composi... |
2,869,038,156,498 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The properties of baryons have recently been studied in QCD in a systematic
expansion in $1/N_c$, where $N_c$ is the number
of colors\cite{dm,j,djm,jm}.
In the limit $N_c \rightarrow \infty$, it
has been shown that the baryon sector of QCD has an exact contracted $SU(2F)$
spin-... |
2,869,038,156,499 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:1}Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The progress in modern observational cosmology at scales much smaller than the cell of uniformity size (see, e.g., \cite{Sand1,Kar et al,Kar2003,Sand2,Kar2008,Kar2012})
enables to use the new observational data to test different cosmological models. Wi... |
2,869,038,156,500 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In the past few decades, the increasing consumption of fossil energy has led to public interests and technical developments in utilizing various distributed energy sources. Distributed generations (DGs) with flexible operation modes have been proposed as a general strategy for improving energy e... |
2,869,038,156,501 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of picture number is a central characteristic of the RNS
formalism of superstring theory~\cite{Friedan:1985ge}. Picture number
complicates the construction of RNS string field theories\footnote{Various
steps towards the
construction of superstring field theory can be found
i... |
2,869,038,156,502 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{introduction}
Relativistic collisionless shocks are widely viewed as efficient sources of particle acceleration in blazars, supernova remnants and gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows \cite{Piran_rmp_2005}, as well as other high-energy astrophysical objects~\cite{Medvedev_1999}. Collisionless ... |
2,869,038,156,503 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace*{6mm}
It goes without saying that field theories play a central role in drawing a
particle picture. They are especially important to explore a way to construct
a theoretical view on a $curved$ space-time (of more than four dimensions).
Recently-developed theories of strings\cite{1} and m... |
2,869,038,156,504 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The present work deals with small transverse vibrations of an infinite
string moving axially with a constant speed. Two fixed supports, distanced
by $L$ as represented in Figure \ref{fig0}, prevent transversal
displacements of the string at the supporting points while the axial motion
rema... |
2,869,038,156,505 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phase-insensitive amplifiers coherently and uniformly amplify every quadrature amplitude of an input electromagnetic field. The prototypical example of such an amplifier is a laser gain medium with population inversion between the active levels. Besides being a key component of lasers, phase-i... |
2,869,038,156,506 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{G3}, Gabai introduced \emph{width} as an extremely useful knot invariant. Width is a certain function (whose exact definition isn't needed for our purposes) from the set of height functions on a knot in $S^3$ to the natural numbers. It becomes an invariant after minimizing over all poss... |
2,869,038,156,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rise of two-dimensional materials and a subsequent avalanche of studies \cite{goldberg2010, katsnelson2007, geim2007} have led to significant advances in theory and experiments. With this, the Dirac equation has found happy applications in electronic transport \cite{dassarma2011}, photonic s... |
2,869,038,156,508 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\thispagestyle{empty}
In this note we prove:
\begin{thrm}\label{thrmMain1}
There exists a constant $C$ such that the number of isomorphism classes of continuous irreducible $n$-dimensional complex representations of $\mathrm{SL}_d(\bZ_p)$ is less than $Cn^2$ for any positive integer $d$ and prim... |
2,869,038,156,509 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The RR Lyrae variables are known, primarily from studies of globular
clusters, to lie on or immediately above the Horizontal branch (HB) in an HR
diagram. Globular cluster studies also show a class of variable stars
lying in an instability strip in an HR diagram
which extends approximately 3 ma... |
2,869,038,156,510 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{intro}
\section{Related Work}
\input{related_work}
\section{Features and Classifiers}
\label{sec:data}
\subsection{Features Extraction}
We extract a multitude of features from voice. We use the OpenSMILE toolkit \cite{eyben2010opensmile}, using the inbuilt \textit{emobase2010.... |
2,869,038,156,511 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) communications
\cite{foschini98} have been adopted in many recent wireless
standards, such as IEEE 802.16 \cite{ieee11} and 3GPP LTE
\cite{3gpp09}, in the aim of boosting the data rates provided to the
customers. A promising solution to achieve spectrally-e... |
2,869,038,156,512 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Opinion dynamics in social networks has become a problem of increasing research interest during the last decades. This can be explained by the multiplication of digital social networks that allow a faster and more persistent influence of opinions. In this context, governmental institution and p... |
2,869,038,156,513 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Parameterised Boolean Equation Systems (PBESs) are sequences of fixed point equations with data variables.
They form a very expressive formalism for encoding a wide range of problems, such as
the verification of modal \MUCALC formulae \cite{kozen1983:results, bradfield2001:modal} for process alg... |
2,869,038,156,514 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given graphs $G$ and $H$, and an integer $q\le |E(H)|$, a $(G,H,q)$-coloring is an
edge-coloring of $G$ such that the edges of every copy of $H$ in $G$ receive at least $q$ colors. Let
$f(G, H, q)$ be the minimum number of colors in a $(G,H,q)$-coloring. This general problem is hopeless in most c... |
2,869,038,156,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper \cite{Louis:2009xd} we discussed spontaneous ${\cal N}=2
\to {\cal N}=1$ supersymmetry breaking in four-dimensional supergravity and type II string compactifications using the embedding tensor formalism
\cite{deWit:2002vt,deWit:2005ub}. We confirmed that the simultaneous
appeara... |
2,869,038,156,516 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
A wide range of scientific and engineering problems involve multiple scales due to the heterogeneity of the media properties. Direct numerical simulation for multiscale problems, such as multiscale elliptic equations, is typically computationally demanding due to the finescale ... |
2,869,038,156,517 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Studying star formation in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy
(within a few hundred pc of the Galactic center) can help provide insight into
the structure and evolution of our Milky Way Galaxy, as well as provide a
template for studying star formation in the nuclei of other galaxies.... |
2,869,038,156,518 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Our goal is the study of the defining equations of the Rees algebras ${\mathbf R}[It]$ of classes of almost complete intersection ideals when one of its important metrics--especially depth or reduction number--attains an extreme value in
the class.
We are going to show that such a... |
2,869,038,156,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
It has been stated in most papers on this subject that the
correspondence between a field theory on anti-de Sitter space (AdS)
and a conformal field theory (CFT) on its horizon is formally
described by the formula \cite{Gubser,Witten}
\begin{equation}
\label{form}
\int_{\phi_0} \... |
2,869,038,156,520 | arxiv | \section{Production of Light Scalar Mesons at COSY}
The COoler SYnchrotron COSY-J\"ulich provides proton and deuteron
beams --- phase-space cooled and polarized if desired --- with momenta
up to 3.7 GeV/c. It is thus well suited to produce the light scalars
$a_0/f_0$(980) since masses up to 1.1 (1.5, 1.03) GeV/c$^2$ ... |
2,869,038,156,521 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A polyomino, in its original definition, is a connected interior-disjoint union of axis-aligned
unit squares joined edge-to-edge. In other words, it is an edge-connected union of cells in the
planar square lattice. For the origin of polyominoes we quote Klarner \cite{handbook_dcg}:
\lq\lq P... |
2,869,038,156,522 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multiparticle production in hard collision processes is described
within QCD by combining the perturbative approach to the parton
cascade evolution with a non-perturbative treatment of the
transition towards the hadronic final state. The perturbative phase
is essentially determined by the QCD s... |
2,869,038,156,523 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The All Sky Monitor (ASM) on the {\it Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer}
(RXTE) has been regularly observing bright celestial X-ray sources
since 1996 February 22. Detector problems had been encountered during
the first days of operation (1996 January 5-12), but the instrument
has remained stable und... |
2,869,038,156,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\lettrine[lines=2]{H}{yperspectral} images (HSIs) are the 3-D data recording the spatial-spectral information of land covers. HSI classification, as an active research area, has received extensive attentions in many fields. Recently, deep learning methods exhibit good classification performance i... |
2,869,038,156,525 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The recent observation of a scalar Higgs particle as the final missing ingredient
of the standard model in particle physics~\cite{PhysLettB.716.1, PhysLettB.716.30} has led to a resurgence of interest in
the question whether a well defined excitation associated with an amplitude
mo... |
2,869,038,156,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For coordinated precoding \cite{OptResAllCoordMultiCellSys} in intermediate to large sized multicell networks, base station clustering \cite{Peters2012,Chen2014,Brandt2016bsubmitted} is necessary for reasons including channel state information (CSI) acquisition overhead, backhaul delays and imple... |
2,869,038,156,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the framework of general relativity, two theoretical aspects of
cosmic strings have been mainly studied. The dynamical one in which
the equations of motion of the infinitely thin
cosmic string are governed by the Nambu-Goto action and secondly the
self-gravitating one
in which the straight... |
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