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2,869,038,156,328
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modern communications systems increasingly utilize \ac{ml} algorithms to meet the compound requirements of high-dimensional \ac{ce} in massive \ac{MIMO} \ac{OFDM} applications \cite{8052521}. The channel characteristics of the whole propagation environment of a \ac{BS} cell can be described by m...
2,869,038,156,329
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\subsection{Statement of the main results}\subsubsection{Unitarily invariant measures on spaces of infinite complex matrices} Let $\Mat$ be the space of all infinite matrices whose rows and columns are indexed by natural numbers and whose entries are complex: \[ \Mat \;=\; \left\{ z=(z_{ij})...
2,869,038,156,330
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Supervised machine learning algorithms rely on the ability to acquire an abundance of labeled data, or data with known labels (i.e., classifications). While unlabeled data---data {\it without} known labels---is ubiquitous in most applications of interest, obtaining labels for s...
2,869,038,156,331
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent In a series of papers \cite{Belinschi-Nica-Eta,Belinschi-Nica-B_t,Belinschi-Nica-Free-BM}, Belinschi and Nica introduced and investigated a family of transformations $\mf{B}_t$. These transformations operate on measures, or more generally on ``non-commutative joint distributions'', i....
2,869,038,156,332
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Finite speed planar random motions are a very natural class of stochastic processes to describe real movements on a two-dimensional space. We can imagine a particle randomly moving in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with $n\in \mathbb{N}$ velocities $v_k = (v_{kx}, v_{ky})\in \mathbb{R}^2,\ k=1,\dots,n$,...
2,869,038,156,333
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textbf{Background and historical notes.} We consider the large time behavior of solutions to the one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger equation \begin{eqnarray}\label{NLS} \begin{cases} i\partial_t u+\frac{1}{2}\partial_x^2u+\lambda |u|^\alpha u=0,\ t>0,\ x\in \mathbb{R},\\ u(0,x)=u_0(x),\...
2,869,038,156,334
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interest of differential geometric techniques in the analysis of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is undeniable. Lie point symmetries, integrating factors and their generalizations are just several examples of geometric tools which have been successfully applied in the ...
2,869,038,156,335
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par Let $A=\{{\bf a}_1,\ldots,{\bf a}_m\}\subseteq \mathbb{N}^n$ be a vector configuration in $\mathbb{Q}^n$ and $\mathbb{N}A:=\{l_1{\bf a}_1+\cdots+l_m{\bf a}_m \ | \ l_i \in \mathbb{N}\}$ the corresponding affine semigroup. We grade the polynomial ring $K[x_1,\ldots,x_m]$ over any field $K$...
2,869,038,156,336
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ever-increasing number of exoplanet discoveries has enabled the characterization of the underlying population of planets in our galaxy. Planet frequencies have been determined by multiple detection methods: RV \citep[e.g.][]{2005ApJ...622.1102F,2008PASP..120..531C,2008A&A...487..373S,2009A&A....
2,869,038,156,337
arxiv
\section{Supplementary Materials} \beginsupplement \begin{center} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0.5} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{12pt} \begin{table}[htbp] \caption{\label{SCXRD} Crystallographic parameters of YbIr$_3$Ge$_7$ single crystals at $T$ = 299 K ($R\bar{3}c$)} \begin{tabular}{c|c} \hline $a$ (\AA) & 7....
2,869,038,156,338
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let $k$ be a field. In the paper~\cite{K-R}, the authors associated a Hopf algebra $H_\mathcal{D}$ over $k$, with each data $\mathcal{D}:=(G,\chi,z,\lambda)$, consisting of: \begin{itemize} \smallskip \item[-] a finite group $G$, \smallskip \item[-] a character $\chi$ of $G$ with values in ...
2,869,038,156,339
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Maximum likelihood method is widely used in high energy physics, such as the observation of the Higgs boson~\cite{higgs_observation_atlas, higgs_observation_cms} at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Typically in a measurement by ATLAS or CMS collaboration, we have to estimate tens of or even hundr...
2,869,038,156,340
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Astronomers are not sure how common the double nucleus phenomenon is. This happens because the centers of galaxies are obscured by dust and gas and, therefore, have yield few of their secrets. Fortunately this is beginning to change with the advent of space-based observations. Galaxies with repo...
2,869,038,156,341
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The notion of \textit{self-contracted curve} captures, under a simple metric definition (see forthcoming Definition~\ref{def:self_contracted}), characteristic properties of the gradient flow of a convex function, relevant for convergence. The term appeared for the first ...
2,869,038,156,342
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Offensive language can be defined as instances of profanity in communication, or any instances that disparage a person or a group based on some characteristic such as race, color, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, religion, \emph{etc.}~\cite{nockleby:2000}. The ease of accessin...
2,869,038,156,343
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \end{center} Logarithmic Sobolev inequalities are a powerful tool in Real Analysis, Complex Analysis, Geometric Analysis, Convex Geometry and Probability. The pioneer work by L. Gross \cite{Gr} puts forward the equivalence between a class of Euclidean logarithmic Sobolev inequalities an...
2,869,038,156,344
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation} A main focus of quantitative modeling in finance has been to measure the risk of financial portfolios. In connection with the widespread use of Value-at-Risk (VaR) and related risk measurement methodologies, a considerable theoretical literature \citep{acerbi2002smr,acer...
2,869,038,156,345
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The emergence of ordered structure as a result of self-assembly of building blocks is far from being well understood, and has received a great deal of attention \cite{Phillips2012a,Phillips2012b,Damasceno2012}. Understanding this underlying scheme (an example of `hidden order') may open up the d...
2,869,038,156,346
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \input{tex/intro} \section{Related Works} \label{sec:related} \input{tex/related} \section{Parallel Triangle Counting Algorithms} \label{sec:ptc} \input{tex/ptc} \section{Implementations} \label{sec:impl} \input{tex/impl} \section{Experiments and Discussion} \label{sec:exp} ...
2,869,038,156,347
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The {\it Gaia}\xspace mission \citep{Gaia2016,Gaia2018} will give us a many-dimensional astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic perspective on the stars of the Milky Way. Already with the preliminary second data release (DR2), {\it Gaia}\xspace has provided astrometric positions and broad-ban...
2,869,038,156,348
arxiv
\section{Credits} This document has been adapted by Steven Bethard, Ryan Cotterell and Rui Yan from the instructions for earlier ACL and NAACL proceedings, including those for ACL 2019 by Douwe Kiela and Ivan Vuli\'{c}, NAACL 2019 by Stephanie Lukin and Alla Roskovskaya, ACL 2018 by Shay Cohen, Kevin Gimpel, and Wei...
2,869,038,156,349
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{secintro1} Consider a linear model with response $\mathbf{y} \in\Re^{n}$, model matrix $\mathbf{X}_{n \times p }$, regression coefficients $\bolds\beta\in\Re^{p}$ and error ${\bolds\varepsilon} \in \Re^{n}$: \[ \mathbf{y} = \mathbf{X}\bolds\beta+ {\bolds\varepsilon}. \] We will assu...
2,869,038,156,350
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-component plasmas comprise different species that, in the presence of waves, may be in the state of relative macroscopic motion. In such a situation, friction between the species may lead to wave damping (though not always, as we are going to show in the forthcoming text). For example, ...
2,869,038,156,351
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section1} Timely information updates from wireless sensors to the destination are critical in real-time monitoring and control systems. In order to describe the timeliness of information updates, the metric Age of Information(AoI) is proposed\cite{kaul2012real}. Different from general per...
2,869,038,156,352
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}} Since the discovery of starlight polarization over 70 years ago \citep{Hiltner_1949a,Hall_1949}, polarization has become a valuable tool for study of both the physical properties of interstellar dust and the structure of the interstellar magnetic field. Starlight pol...
2,869,038,156,353
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \begin{tabsection} It is a common pattern in mathematics that things that are easy to define are hard to compute and things that are hard to define come with lots of machinery to compute them\footnote{Quote taken from a lecture by Janko Latschev.}. On the other hand, mathematics can be very...
2,869,038,156,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When discussing the influence of fermions on the dynamics of some theory, e.g. of the Standard Particle Model (SM) in a cosmology setting, it is mandatory to integrate out the fermions. This procedure in one-loop order already becomes quite involved if arbitrary chiral couplings of space-time d...
2,869,038,156,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{intro}} In this article, we consider flat surfaces with a finite number of conical singularities, that is, surfaces provided with a flat structure with conical singular points. A conical singular point has a total angle different from $2\pi$. Finding good parameters for these surfaces is st...
2,869,038,156,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Historically, calorimetry experiments at ambient pressure have led to an abundance of new physics, from Einstein's quantum theory of solids \cite{Pais1979} and Debye's vibrational model,\cite{Debye1912} to the discovery of superfluidity \cite{Donnelly1995} and a recent test of renormal...
2,869,038,156,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper investigates the irreducibility of tensor modules for the Lie algebra of divergence zero vector fields on a torus. The Lie algebra of derivations of $A=\mathbb{C}[t_1^{\pm1},\dots,t_{N}^{\pm1}]$, denoted by $\mathcal{D}$, may be interpreted as the Lie algebra of polynomial vector field...
2,869,038,156,358
arxiv
\section{Comment on ``Parametric amplification in Josephson junction embedded transmission lines''} \title{Comment on ``Parametric amplification in Josephson junction embedded transmission lines''} \begin{abstract} Recently Yaakobi and co-workers [Phys. Rev. B \textbf{87}, 144301 (2013)] theoretically studied four-wa...
2,869,038,156,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Humans understand the world by decomposing scenes into objects that can interact with each other. Analogously, autonomous systems’ reasoning and scene understanding capabilities could benefit from decomposing scenes into objects and modeling each of these independently. This approach has been pr...
2,869,038,156,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec::introduction} The new generation of wireless technology has proliferated a large amount of connected devices in \textit{Internet of Thing} (IoT) networks~\cite{Liu2018a}. \change{Modern IoT networks allow only sporadic communication, where} a small unknown subset of devices \change{i...
2,869,038,156,361
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Research on the context of the Hawking temperature has gained momentum during last two decades. It has been shown that the Hawking temperature \cite{haw} is modified in the presence of dark energy in an emergent gravity scenario for Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstrom and Kerr background in \cite{g...
2,869,038,156,362
arxiv
\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion} We proposed a task-independent privacy-respecting data crowdsourcing framework TIPRDC. A feature extractor is learned to hide privacy information features and maximally retain original information from the raw data. By applying TIPRDC, a user can locally extract features from ...
2,869,038,156,363
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coloured quarks and gluons are the main objects in the fundamental theory of the strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which are not directly observed in experiment. At intermediate and low energies the laws governing interactions of these fundamental particles bring about complex r...
2,869,038,156,364
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In Merriam Webster, sarcasm is defined as \emph{“a mode of satirical wit depending for its effect on bitter, caustic, and often ironic language that is usually directed against an individual”\footnote{https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sarcasm}.} The use of sarcasm is fo...
2,869,038,156,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Section1} Consider the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau system of equations \begin{subequations} \label{eq:1} \begin{alignat}{2} \frac{\partial\psi}{\partial t}- \nabla_{\kappa A}^2\psi +i\kappa\phi \psi=\kappa^2(1-|\psi|^2)\psi & \quad \text{ in }(0,+\infty)\times \Omega \,,\\ \frac{1}...
2,869,038,156,366
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Nanoparticle supercrystals are three-dimensional lattices of nanoparticles with long-range crystalline order.\cite{Murray1980,boles_self-assembly_2016,murray_synthesis_2000,Shevchenko2006,Coropceanu2019,Mueller2020,Schulz2020} They have long fascinated physicists, chemists and...
2,869,038,156,367
arxiv
\subsection{RSA Retrieve-then-predict Process\label{section: 4.1}} \input{table/03_main_result.tex} \subsection{Model Architectures\label{section: 4.1}} The RSA model comprises of a neural sequence retriever $p(r|x)$, and a protein model that combines both original input and retrieved sequence to obtain predictio...
2,869,038,156,368
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the interesting features of low--energy supergravity (SUGRA) models is that the electroweak symmetry breaking can be a direct consequence of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking [1]. In the ordinary SUGRA models, SUSY breaking takes place in a hidden sector of the theory, so that the gravitino m...
2,869,038,156,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction and background} There have been promising advances in practical quantum computing in recent years and a range of prototype devices are currently in development \cite{qed_ibm,Brandl2016,Harty2014}. Quantum computing architectures can be broadly divided into two classes: gate model devices based ...
2,869,038,156,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the interesting aspects of developmental processes is that one could get multiple heritable cell fates without irreversible changes to the genetic information. Heritable differences in phenotype, despite having the same genetic information, goes by the name of epigenetic phenomenon. Apart...
2,869,038,156,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For integers $k\geq2$ and $m$ we consider the equation \begin{equation}\label{zkeq} x^2+y^2+z^k=m. \end{equation} For $k=2$ the famous theorem of Gauß about sums of three squares says that (\ref{zkeq}) has an integral solution if and only if $m\geq0$ and $m$ is not of the form $4^u(8l+7)$ for n...
2,869,038,156,372
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \qquad \emph{Exact sequences} and \emph{exact functors} are important tools in Homological Algebra which was developed first in the categories of modules over rings \cite{CE1956} and generalized later to arbitrary Abelian categories (e.g. \cite{Hel1958}). Different sets of axioms character...
2,869,038,156,373
arxiv
\section{introduction} Recently, a scheme for inducing gravitation-like interatomic potentials has been proposed \cite{DODell2000}, opening up the possibility to create self-bound Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) \cite{DODell2001,DODell2002,Choi,Hu,Giovanazzi}. In such a scheme, the gravitation-like interatomic potent...
2,869,038,156,374
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Conformal field theories (CFT)~\cite{di1996conformal} often serve as laboratories for interesting phenomena in physics. High degree of symmetry imposes strong constraints not only on the observables of a given theory, but also on its self-consistency. Such constraints allow better analytic contr...
2,869,038,156,375
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of globular clusters (GCs) offers a rich platform for the validation of stellar evolution theories and the formulation of dynamical evolution scenarios of stellar systems.~In particular, recent discoveries \citep[e.g.][]{fer12,knigge09} have prompted Blue Straggler Stars (BSSs) as key e...
2,869,038,156,376
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section_introduction} The adhesion of cells is mediated by the specific binding of receptor and ligand molecules anchored in the cell membranes. Cell adhesion processes are essential for the distinction of self and foreign in immune responses, the formation of tissues, or the signal trans...
2,869,038,156,377
arxiv
\section{Credits} This document has been adapted by Steven Bethard, Ryan Cotterrell and Rui Yan from the instructions for earlier ACL and NAACL proceedings, including those for ACL 2019 by Douwe Kiela and Ivan Vuli\'{c}, NAACL 2019 by Stephanie Lukin and Alla Roskovskaya, ACL 2018 by Shay Cohen, Kevin Gimpel, and We...
2,869,038,156,378
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} It is well-known that many methods from the classical model theory of first-order logic, most importantly compactness, fail when we restrict attention to finite structures. In this paper we explore the applicability of ultraproducts -- a familiar construction in (infinite) model theory -- to ...
2,869,038,156,379
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Environmental effects are believed to be the primary process of ceasing star formation in low-mass galaxies with stellar masses (${\rm M_{*}}$) lower than $10^{9.5}$${\rm\,M_\odot}$\ (or dwarf galaxies). Field low-mass galaxies may temporarily quench their star formation through su...
2,869,038,156,380
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} A problem with the implementation of the Nemenyi post-hoc test led to incorrect results being published in our benchmark paper on cross-project defect prediction. The mistake only affected research question RQ1, the other three research questions were not affected. Within ...
2,869,038,156,381
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{D}{iffusion} and consensus dynamics play a fundamental role in the coordination of many complex networks, from networks of autonomous vehicles~\cite{ren2008distributed}, to power grids~\cite{6345156}, to social networks~\cite{hegselmann2002opinion}, and beyond. As such, significant...
2,869,038,156,382
arxiv
\section{Introduction: The neuron as a system with internal and external parameters} Experimental research on neurons, and as a consequence theoretical analysis, is often divided into electrophysiology and molecular biology. The first deals with membrane potentials, spikes and activations in networks of neurons linked...
2,869,038,156,383
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1}\setcounter{equation}{0} In this article, we are interested in the long time behavior of stochastic convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (CBF) equations with non-autonomous forcing term (deterministic term) and nonlinear diffusion term. This stochastic mathematical model describes the ...
2,869,038,156,384
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This report focuses on Producer-Consumer coordination, and in particular on Single-Producer/Single-Consumer (SPSC) coordination. The producer and the consumer are concurrent entities, i.e. processes or threads. The first one produces items placing them in a shared structure, whereas the the se...
2,869,038,156,385
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Outline of Results.}\label{1} A {\bf generalized arc\/} is a continuum (i.e., a connected compact Hausdorff space) that has exactly two non-separating points; an {\bf arc\/} is a metrizable generalized arc. The class of generalized arcs is precisely the class of linearly orderable continua; ...
2,869,038,156,386
arxiv
\section{Comparing complete intersection and movable curve classes} \label{secCI:ci} The proof of Theorem \ref{thmCI:CIvsNef} involves comparing intersections of pairs of nef divisor classes with movable classes. To begin this section, we give defining inequalities for the nef and movable cones, and calculate intersec...
2,869,038,156,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Blazars are a class of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) hosting a jet oriented at a small angle with respect to the line of sight \citep{Blandford1978, Antonucci1993, Urry1995}. The emission of these objects is non-thermal over most or the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio fr...
2,869,038,156,388
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of this paper is to continue the work in \cite{Nilsson:2018lof} and derive the eigenvalue spectrum of some of the operators that determine the masses and supermultiplet structure of the entire Kaluza-Klein spectrum of the squashed seven-sphere compactification of eleven-dimensional ...
2,869,038,156,389
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bottom-up approaches give access to systems of very reduced dimensionality with unique physical properties. Among these systems, {chains of a single-atom cross section} are of great interest.~\cite{wang_2011} When the chains are formed by magnetic atoms, spin-spin correlations can come into pla...
2,869,038,156,390
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although querying streaming data with 100$\%$ accuracy may be possible by using cutting edge servers equipped with a large memory and powerful processor(s), enabling power efficient devices such as single-board computers~(SBCs), e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Odroid, with smarter algorithms and da...
2,869,038,156,391
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqnarray}} \newcommand{\end{eqnarray}}{\end{eqnarray}} \newcommand{\begin{eqnarray*}}{\begin{eqnarray*}} \newcommand{\end{eqnarray*}}{\end{eqnarray*}} \newcommand{\rule[-.5mm]{.3mm}{3mm}}{\rule[-.5mm]{.3mm}{3mm}} \newcommand{\stackrel{\rightharp...
2,869,038,156,392
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*}[!ht] \centering \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/avion_both.pdf} \caption{Plane of the ShapeNet dataset sampled with 5k points. \textbf{Left:} Point cloud produced by MongeNet. \textbf{Right:} Point cloud produced by the random uniform sampler. Note the cla...
2,869,038,156,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that discrete minimax problems and discrete Chebyshev problems (problems of best $\ell_{\infty}$-approximation) can be reduced to equivalent nonlinear programming problems. Many methods for solving minimax problems are based on application of nonlinear programming algorithms t...
2,869,038,156,394
arxiv
\section{Introduction} LMC X-4 is a 13.5s pulsar orbiting a 20$M_{\odot}$ O7 III-V companion every 1.4 days (Kelley {\it et~al.}~1983; Ilovaisky {\it et~al.}~1984). The system exhibits a long term cycle with a roughly 30-day period (Lang {\it et~al.}~1981; Ilovaisky {\it et~al.}~1984) similar to the 35-day period o...
2,869,038,156,395
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Networks are present in human life in multiple forms from social networks to communication networks (such as the Internet), and they have been widely studied as complex networks of nodes and relationships, describing their structure, relations, etc. Nowadays, studies go deep into network knowl...
2,869,038,156,396
arxiv
\section{Introduction} History seems to have separated much of chemistry \cite{brush1976kind,garber1995maxwell} from the classical theory of fields \cite{simpson1998maxwell,zangwill2013modern,chree1908mathematical}. Chemical reactions are found throughout the ionic solutions of biology and chemistry but they are ...
2,869,038,156,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After both stars in a binary system have ended their main sequence phase, a common result is a white dwarf (WD) binary, and a large fraction of these binaries are expected to merge in less than a Hubble time \citep{nel01}, due to various causes like gravitational wave emission or magnetic bra...
2,869,038,156,398
arxiv
\section{Copyright} \end{document} \section{Introduction} Studies have found that while many people think positively about Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and would be interested in buying one in the future, they have many uncertainties and unknowns that need to be addressed before buying one for themselves (e.g.,...
2,869,038,156,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Spoken language understanding (SLU) systems have traditionally been a cascade of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system converting speech into text followed by a natural language understanding (NLU) system that interprets the meaning, or intent, of the text. In contrast,...
2,869,038,156,400
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Any continuous physical model is empirically equivalent to a certain finite model. This is widely used in practice: solutions of differential equations by the finite difference method or by using truncated series are typical examples. It is often believed that continuous models ar...
2,869,038,156,401
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgments} \begin{acknowledgments} We thank C.~A.~Watson for experimental assistance, W.~F.~Kindel and K.~W.~Lehnert for the parametric amplifier, and A.~F.~Kockum and M.~Dukalski for helpful discussions. We acknowledge funding from the Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), the ...
2,869,038,156,402
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AAdS) spaces are naturally endowed with a conformal structure at their boundary \cite{FG,Imbimbo:1999bj,Schwimmer:2008yh}, as evidenced from the divergent conformal factor in the Fefferman-Graham (FG) expansion of the boundary metric \cite{FG}. This divergenc...
2,869,038,156,403
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) method is a widely used molecular simulation technique for computing the equilibrium properties of condensed matter systems \cite{Duane87, Mehlig92,Allen13}. The basic HMC algorithm for sampling from the canonical (NVT) ensemble consists of three steps \c...
2,869,038,156,404
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Born-Oppenheimer approximation \cite{Born-Opp} is the basic tool of molecular physics \cite{landau, bethe-jackiw,weinbergQM}, it is also fundamental in solids, for example in modelling coupling of lattice vibrations to electronic degrees of freedom (for a rather detailed coverage of various as...
2,869,038,156,405
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In the first part of this article we study the Lax-Oleinik semi-group $\mathcal L_t$ defined by a Tonelli Lagrangian on a graph and prove that for any continuous function $u$, $\mathcal L_tu+c t$ converges as $t\to\infty$ where $c$ is the critical value of the Lagrangian. For La...
2,869,038,156,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:prelims} This paper is dedicated to the memory of Don Burkholder, a great probabilist and a kind man. Recent work in random spatial networks \citep{AldousGanesan-2013,Aldous-2012} has focussed on specification and analysis of an intriguing class of random networks known as \emph{scale-...
2,869,038,156,407
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is devoted to the nonexistence of positive solution to the Lane-Emden system, \begin{align}\label{laneEmdenSystem} \left\{\begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u = v^p , \\ -\Delta v = u^q , \end{array} \right. \quad \text{in } \mathbb{R}^n, \end{align} where $\ u,v ...
2,869,038,156,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Image classification and recognition has been an active research spot for many years with explosive growth of image data from daily life and internet. The far-reaching study can be employed in practical applications, including face recognition, species categorization, object detection, for a more...
2,869,038,156,409
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This work was supported in part by the MNiSW program ”Diamond Grant” (J.S.).
2,869,038,156,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the following convex problem with separable structure \[ \label{Problem-LC} \min \{f(x)+g(z): A x=z\} \] where $A\in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$, $f: \mathbb{R}^{n} \mapsto(-\infty,+\infty)$ and $g: \mathbb{R}^{m} \mapsto(-\infty,+\infty)$ are given closed prop...
2,869,038,156,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec: Introduction} Since the discovery of the J-band of pseudoisocyanine (PIC)~\cite{Jelley1937,Scheibe1937}, the study of the collective optical properties of molecular aggregates has received much attention. The collective nature of the excitations gives rise to narrow absorption li...
2,869,038,156,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The most classical spectral isoperimetric inequality states that among all planar domains of a given perimeter, the disc induces the lowest principal eigenvalue for the Dirichlet Laplacian. This statement follows from the famous Faber-Krahn inequality~\cite{Faber_1923, Krahn_1924} via a si...
2,869,038,156,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Irony, which generally refers to the expressions that have opposite literal meanings to real meanings, is a representative rhetoric device in human languages \cite{li2020method}. For example, in sentences \emph{I just love when you test my patience!!}, and \emph{Had no sleep and have got school n...
2,869,038,156,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A prediction for experiment based on perturbative QCD combines a particular calculation of Feynman diagrams with the use of general features of the theory. The {\blue{particular calculation}} is easy at leading order, not so easy at next-to-leading order and extremely difficult beyond the next-t...
2,869,038,156,415
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $E/F$ be a Galois extension of number fields with Galois group $G$. In seeking annihilators in $\bb{Z}[G]$ of the $K$-groups $K_{2n}(\mathcal{O}_{E,S})$ ($S$ a finite set of places of $E$ containing the infinite ones), Stickelberger elements have long been a source of interest. This began wi...
2,869,038,156,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cognates are words that have a common etymological origin \cite{crystal2008dictionary}. They account for a considerable amount of unique words in many lexical domains, notably technical texts. The orthographic similarity of cognates can be exploited in different tasks involving recognition of tra...
2,869,038,156,417
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Knowledge of the unique and desirable characteristics of Geosynchronous Earth Orbits (GEOs) predates the dawn of the Space Age. Satellites in GEO have an orbital period matching that of the Earth's rotation, meaning that they typically trace a simple analemma (e.g.~an e...
2,869,038,156,418
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Consider the Cauchy problem for the focusing intercritical nonlinear fourth-order Schr\"odinger equation \begin{align} \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl} i\partial_t u - \Delta^2 u &=& -|u|^{\alpha} u, \quad \text{on } [0,\infty) \times \mathbb R^d, \\ u(0) &=& u_0, \end{array} ...
2,869,038,156,419
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction}} There is relatively little work on dealing with missing data in hidden Markov models. \citet{albert2000transitional}, \citet{deltour1999stochastic}, and \citet{yeh2010estimating} consider missing data in observed Markov chains. \citet{paroli2002parameter} consider calculatio...
2,869,038,156,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The subject of this note is the poset $\ensuremath{\mathcal{B}}(A)$ (denoted in \cite{HHLN} by $\BSub(A)$) of Boolean subalgebras of an orthomodular lattice $A$, and the poset $\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}(M)$ of abelian subalgebras of an AW*-algebra $M$. Study of such posets grew from the topos app...
2,869,038,156,421
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Complex, unusual structures in radio sources are often associated with several events in which radio-emitting blobs of plasma have been created; for example, when the radio galaxy is moving through the intracluster medium (ICM), as is the case with the head-tail radio sources, a hi...
2,869,038,156,422
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With both a small modal volume and large quality factor, optical microcavities exhibit a greatly enhanced light-matter interaction and a strong non-linear optical response\cite{vahala_nat03,Almeida2004,Yanik04,XuNature2007}. An emerging class of optical microcavities is based on air-clad two-dime...
2,869,038,156,423
arxiv
\section{Comparison with Other Negative Samplings} To our knowledge, there is no technique, especially for performing negative sampling in hyperbolic recommender systems. In this section, we compare three widely used techniques to obtain negative sampling in Euclidean models: dynamic random sampling (DS), popularity-ba...
2,869,038,156,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec.introduction} Stereo matching is a fundamental problem in computer vision and robotics. This important technique has been widely employed in many tasks, such as robot vision \cite{wang2019self,wang2020applying,wang2021dynamic} and autonomous driving \cite{fan2020sne,fan2021learning}. T...
2,869,038,156,425
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \subsection{PVA parameter tuning experiments} \label{ap:PVA-parameter-tuning} The performance of PVA depends on its input parameters, viz., $\beta, \gamma,$ and $\psi$ (see Table \ref{tab:TableOfNotation}). Further, one of the significant challenges is determining the threshold similarity ...
2,869,038,156,426
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Time series modeling has a long and important history in science and engineering. Advances in dynamical systems over the last half century led to new methods that attempt to account for the inherent nonlinearity in many natural phenomena \citep{Berg84,Guck83a,Wigg88a,Deva89a,Lieb93a,Ott93a,Stro...
2,869,038,156,427
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}% \z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}% {\normalfont\LARGE\bfseries}} \makeatother \makeatletter \def\@seccntformat#1{% \protect\textup{% \protect\@secnumfont \expandafter\protect\csname format#1\endcsname \csname the#1\endcsname \protect\@se...