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2,877,628,088,354
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:intro} Before formulating our targets and results in Subsection~\ref{subsect-target}, we give a short historical overview. The history leading to the present work belongs to {four} topics, which are surveyed in the following {four} subsections. According to our knowledge, {the fir...
2,877,628,088,355
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Functional data analysis, FDA, is a branch of statistics whose foundational work goes back at least two decades. Its development and application has seen a precipitous increase in recent years due to the emergence of new data gathering technologies which incorporate high frequency sampling. Fu...
2,877,628,088,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Maximal immersions are zero mean curvature immersions in the Lorentz-Minkowski space $\mathbb E_1^3$. These are very similar to the minimal surface in $\mathbb R^3$, but if we allow some singularities (where maps are not immersions), the theory of these two differs. Maximal surfaces with singulari...
2,877,628,088,357
arxiv
\section*{} The achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in trapped gases of $^{87}$Rb [1], $^{23}$Na [2] and $^7$Li [3] has provided new impulse to the study of many-body and quantum statistical effects in dilute fluids at very low temperature. The formation of coexisting...
2,877,628,088,358
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction1}Introduction} The logistics domain is increasingly moving towards self-organization, meaning that freight transport is planned without direct human intervention. The Physical Internet is often considered as the ultimate form of self-organizing logistics, having smart modular containers...
2,877,628,088,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the discovery of the indirect exchange coupling \cite{r1} in magnetic multilayers, followed by the discovery of the related effect of giant magnetoresistance \cite{r2,r3}, numerous material systems both metallic and semiconducting were reported to poses it, among which the pioneering Fe/Cr...
2,877,628,088,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper deals with Lagrangian cobordisms in the symplectization $(\mathbb R\times Y,d(e^t\alpha))$ of a contact manifold $(Y,\alpha)$. These cobordisms are properly embedded Lagrangian submanifolds admitting cylindrical ends on Legendrian submanifolds of $Y$, and here $Y$ will be the contact...
2,877,628,088,361
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We are currently in an exciting era of high-precision cosmology, with most of the ``standard'' cosmological model parameters now known to within a few percent. In particular, the recent analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations recorded by the \textit{Planck} sat...
2,877,628,088,362
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Latent variable models have become ubiquitous in statistical data analysis, spanning over a diverse set of applications ranging from text \citep{BleNgJor02}, images \citep{QuaColDar04} to user behavior \citep{AlyHatJosNar12}. In these works, latent variables are introduced to represent unobserve...
2,877,628,088,363
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) have shown impressive state-of-the-art results in the last years on various visual recognition tasks, \textit{e.g.} image classification \cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet,he2016deep,Durand_WILDCAT_CVPR_2017}, object localization \cite{dai2016...
2,877,628,088,364
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secIntroduction} \input{intro.tex} \section{Background} \label{secRel} \input{related.tex} \section{Keeping the potato hot} \label{secProblem} \input{problem.tex} \section{OPTIC} \label{secOptic} \input{optic.tex} \section{Data Plane Scalability Analysis} \label{secResults} \in...
2,877,628,088,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning pipelines are typically designed to generalize, that is, to perform well on new data. Consider pairs of inputs and outputs $(\boldsymbol{x}_1,y_1),\dots, (\boldsymbol{x}_n,y_n)\in\mathbb{R}^p\times\mathbb{R}$ and a corresponding loss function $\ell\,:\,\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}\to[...
2,877,628,088,366
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two methods have been responsible for the vast majority of extrasolar planet discoveries. Radial velocity observations are used to determine the planetary mass from the amplitude of the shift in spectral lines due to the planet's gravitational pull on the star, while transit photometry gives the...
2,877,628,088,367
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} With the pioneering observation of ``wave of translation'' made by John S. Russell in 1834 on the Union Canal in Scotland, the field of non-linear wave phenomena was born. Russel continued his investigations in water channel experiments by triggering waves with translating verti...
2,877,628,088,368
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} Uncertainty principles appear in harmonic analysis and signal theory in a variety of different forms involving not only the signal $\varphi$ and its Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}(\varphi)$, but essentially every representation of a signal in the time-frequency space. They are mathematical ...
2,877,628,088,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Random walks on finite graphs play key roles to analysis on the electrical network~(e.g., \cite{DS}) and cut off phenomena~(e.g., \cite{Diaconis,LevinPeres}). Quantum walks (QWs) are known as quantum counterpart of such random walks~\cite{AmbainisEtAl,FH}. Although the application of quantum wa...
2,877,628,088,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The class of neutron stars collectively known as ``Anomalous X-ray Pulsars'' \citep[AXPs;][]{ms95} has many properties that have been enigmatic since the discovery of the first example over 20 years ago \citep{fg81}. Foremost among puzzles was the nature of their energy source, as they show no ...
2,877,628,088,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A 0-1 matrix $M$ \emph{contains} a 0-1 matrix $P$ if some submatrix of $M$ either equals $P$ or can be turned into $P$ by changing some ones to zeroes. Otherwise $M$ \emph{avoids} $P$. The function $\ex(n, P)$ is the maximum number of ones in any 0-1 matrix of dimensions $n \times n$ that avoids ...
2,877,628,088,372
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} 3D object detection is one of the most basic tasks in autonomous driving. It aims to localize objects in 3D space and classify them simultaneously. In recent years, LiDAR-based 3D object detection methods have achieved significant success due to the increasing amount of labele...
2,877,628,088,373
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} The uniqueness proof in section \ref{inverse_problem} requires results on the density of a certain subset of functions and we give two ways to look at this through different formulations; namely the Stone-Weierstrass and M\"untz-Sz\'asz theorems. We give the statements of these results below. The ...
2,877,628,088,374
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of a polaron---a mobile particle interacting with a host medium---has a long history dating back to Landau's seminal work on an electron inducing local distortion of a crystal lattice~\cite{landau1933electron}. Polarons are ubiquitous in many-body systems, especially in solid-state~\...
2,877,628,088,375
arxiv
\section{Numerical results} \label{appendixResults} The numerical results for the measurements of the \ensuremath{R_{\Lbar}}\xspace and \ensuremath{R_{\antihyp}}\xspace ratios, presented in Secs.~\ref{sec:exclusive} and \ref{sec:inclusive}, are reported in Table~\ref{tab:Results_1} in intervals of the antiproton momen...
2,877,628,088,376
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Main Result} The classical Schwarz lemma says that an analytic function $f$ from the unit disk $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in \mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}$ into itself with $f(0)=0$ must map each smaller disk $\{z\in \mathbb{C}:\; |z|<r<1\}$ into itself. Also, $|f'(0)|\le 1$, and $|f'(0)|= 1$ if and only if $f$ is ...
2,877,628,088,377
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} It has been known\cite{BarklaPM53} since the early days of ferroelectric KH$_2$PO$_4$ (KDP) that the material exhibits a retarded response to a disturbance as well as a prompt one. In particular, if its dielectric permittivity, $\epsilon=\epsilon^\prime-i\epsilon^{\prime\prime}$...
2,877,628,088,378
arxiv
\section{Implementation Choices for Initialization and Seq2seq Models} We describe the modeling choices for initialization models (Pr-Thr), (DBAE), and ($\bm{\mu}$:1). All hyper-parameters for each of these systems are set based on the models' \textsc{rouge-l} score on the validation set. Unless otherwise stated, all ...
2,877,628,088,379
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the problem of hiring workers to complete complex tasks on crowdsourcing platforms such as Mechanical Turk. A principal must select a set of participants, henceforth agents, whose contributions will be aggregated to complete the task. The principal's value for the task is a function of...
2,877,628,088,380
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence, more generally the gauge/gravity duality \cite{Maldacena,Gubser,Witten}, which relates a weakly coupling gravity theory in a $(d+1)$-dimensional spacetime to a strongly coupling field theory on the $d$-dimensional boundary, h...
2,877,628,088,381
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The compressible Euler-Korteweg equations read \begin{equation} \label{EK} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \partial_{t}\rho+{\rm div}(\rho u)=0,\ (x,t)\in \mathbb{R}^d\times I\\ \partial_{t}u+u\cdot \nabla u+\nabla g(\rho)=\nabla \bigg(K(\rho)\Delta \rho +\frac{1}{2}K'(\rho)|\nabla \rho|^2 \bigg),\ (x...
2,877,628,088,382
arxiv
\section{Introductions} \label{sect:intro} The great success of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology makes it widely accepted for current and future high data-rate communication systems\cite{PimmWaveIntroMCOMM2011}. Acting as a pillar to satisfy data hungry applications, a natural question is how to r...
2,877,628,088,383
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} The close interactions between stars through mass transfer, common-envelope evolution (CEE), mergers and collsions play an important part in the evolution of isolated close interacting binary systems. In triple systems, secular perturbations, such as Von Ziepel-Lidov-Kozai oscillat...
2,877,628,088,384
arxiv
\section{What lies inside the light sphere?} The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) \cite{eht} has established, by viewing Sgr A* in our galaxy, and M87* in a neighboring galaxy, that for a black hole of mass $M$, the minimal stable orbit for photons, called the ``light sphere'', lies at the radius 3M. So the compact ...
2,877,628,088,385
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After the discovery of the Higgs boson, precision measurement of the Higgs boson's properties is placed on the agenda, especially the measurement of the rare decay modes of the Higgs boson as the Standard Model (SM) contribution is fairly small. Observing a deviation from the SM prediction would ...
2,877,628,088,386
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for and the characterization of the dual (kpc scale separation) and binary (pc separation) active supermassive black hole (SMBH, {\it M}$_{\mathrm{BH}} >$10$^6$ {\it M}$_{\odot}$) population is a hot topic of current astrophysics, given its relevance to understand galaxy formation and ...
2,877,628,088,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} In this paper we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions to two related sets of equations. The first set consists of algebraic equations for $N$ analytic functions $Y_n$, and is an example for so-called Y-system functional equations. The second set consists of coupled n...
2,877,628,088,388
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} Among the many formulations of Quantum Mechanics the path-integral method (see e.g. \cite{Feyn}, \cite{Klein}, \cite{engpath}) is a very attractive one as it gives rise to new insights, approximation schemes and can be readily generalized to Many-Body Physics and Quant...
2,877,628,088,389
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introd} The Casimir effect was predicted by H. B. Casimir in 1948 \cite{casimir:1948} and, although not with a great precision, experimentally verified teen years later by M. J. Sparnnaay \cite{Sparnaay:1958}. Since then it has been confirmed by several high precision experiments \cite{B...
2,877,628,088,390
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}} \setcounter{equation}{0} The spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ XXZ model with general non-diagonal boundaries has been the subject of recent interest. Although this is well known to be integrable \cite{deVega:1992zd} many problems have been encoun...
2,877,628,088,391
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A search for new phenomena in final states with at least three charged leptons (electrons or muons) is presented, using 137\fbinv of proton-proton ($\Pp\Pp$) collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 13\TeV$ collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC from 2016 to 2018. The results are interpreted in t...
2,877,628,088,392
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Network coding was introduced in \cite{ACLY} as a means to improve the rate of transmission in networks, and often achieve capacity in the case of single source networks. Linear network coding was introduced in \cite{CLY}. network-error correction, which involved a trade-off between ...
2,877,628,088,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in various tasks in natural language processing (NLP) tasks~\citep{sutskever2014sequence,vaswani2017attention,devlin2019bert} and computer vision (CV) tasks~\citep{he2016deep,goodfellow2016deep}. One approach to improve the generalizati...
2,877,628,088,394
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Observations over the last few decades have revealed that stars predominately form within magnetized and turbulent molecular clouds \citep{cr12}. How magnetic fields regulate star formation, however, is still poorly understood. Theoretical works have suggested that magnetic field...
2,877,628,088,395
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The development of approximate density functional theory (DFT) \cite{Kohn1964,Kohn1965} methods that are able to account for van der Waals (vdW) interactions has attracted a great deal of interest due to its importance in the theoretical description of organic or layered materials as...
2,877,628,088,396
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} In this work we give the first treatment of two basic problems in the SQ query model: high-dimensional mean estimation and stochastic convex optimization. In the process, we demonstrate new connections of our questions to concepts and tools from convex geometry, optimization with approximate oracl...
2,877,628,088,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textit{Control} is a fundamental but difficult issue in multi-agent systems. A multi-agent society may be difficult to control due to the concurrence of several factors, that may interact and drive the dynamics in complex, unpredictable ways. Some of these factors could include uncertainty abou...
2,877,628,088,398
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Caching at mobile devices significantly improves system performance by facilitating \ac{D2D} communications, which enhances the spectrum efficiency and alleviate the heavy burden on backhaul links \cite{Femtocaching}. Modeling the cache-enabled heterogeneous networks, including \ac{SBS} and mo...
2,877,628,088,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has been much recent work on the subject of how gradient flow (GF) \cite{Narayanan:2006rf, Luscher:2009eq} is related to the renormalization group (RG), due to the characteristic smoothing properties of GF resembling the high-mode elimination aspect of RG. Inspired by this resemblance, wor...
2,877,628,088,400
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Experiments and computer simulations have established that liquid water's surfaces can deviate in important ways from familiar bulk behavior. Even in the simplest case of an air-water interface, distinctive layering, orientational biases, and hydrogen bond arrangements have been reported, but an ov...
2,877,628,088,401
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} \noindent We thank A.~V.~Luchinsky for interesting discussions and providing the~models based on QCD factorisation for \mbox{${\ensuremath{\B^+}}\xspace\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace\jpsi3\pip2{\ensuremath{\pion^-}}\xspace$} and \mbox{${\ensuremath{\B^+}}\xspace\ensuremath{\rightarrow}...
2,877,628,088,402
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} \label{secintro} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} grating coupler is a crucial component in integrated photonics which couples light into or out from the integrated photonic circuits \cite{mekis2010grating, marchetti2019coupling}. Its coupling efficiency is important to the performanc...
2,877,628,088,403
arxiv
\section{introduction} The interaction between strong laser and atoms and molecules is a hot topic. A series of nonlinear phenomena appear when atoms and molecules are subjected to intense laser pulse \cite{Robert,K.Yam,R.Bart,J.H.}. High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is one of the most studied effects among these no...
2,877,628,088,404
arxiv
2,877,628,088,405
arxiv
\section{Introduction: Sum of distances and related problems} \subsection{Problem statement and overview of results} Let $Z_N=\{z_1,\dots,z_N\}$ be a set of $N$ points on the unit sphere $S^{n-1}$ in $\reals^n$. Denote by $\tau_n(Z_N)=\sum_{i,j=1}^N \|z_i-z_j\|$ the sum of pairwise distances between the points in $Z_N$...
2,877,628,088,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the problem of filtering: designing algorithms for the causal estimation of a real valued signal from noisy observations. The filtering algorithm observes at each iteration a noisy signal component, and is required to estimate the corresponding underlying signal component based on the...
2,877,628,088,407
arxiv
\section{Addendum of 17 June 2012 (\textit{Revised 18 July 2012})} \subsection{$\phi^4$ Chains with Two Log-Thermostat Particles} The comprehensive investigation of the ``$\phi^4$'' atomistic model for heat flow carried out by Aoki and Kusnezov \cite{Aoki-Kusnezov,Aoki-Kusnezov-2,Aoki-Kusnezov-3} showed that this mod...
2,877,628,088,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intoduction} DNNs have recently obtained remarkable performance on various applications \cite{he2016deep,krizhevsky2012imagenet}. Its effective training, however, often requires to pre-collect large scale finely annotated samples. When the training dataset contains certain amount of noisy ...
2,877,628,088,409
arxiv
\section{\label{s1} Introduction} Defining and studying theories of random surfaces \cite{pol1}, or more generally random geometries, is a fundamental problem in science with a wide range of applications, from string theory and quantum gravity to statistical physics and probability theory. Most of the literature has f...
2,877,628,088,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A common procedure in Lattice QCD is to calculate a correlation function in a certain channel and then fit it as a sum of several exponentials \cite{QCDPAX,UKQCD,dong,my}. The parameters of the fits are estimated by minimizing $\chi^2$. To find the errors, ideally the calculations should be rep...
2,877,628,088,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a set of points lying close to a union of linear subspaces, subspace clustering refers to the problem of identifying the number of subspaces, their dimensions, a basis for each subspace, and the clustering of the data points according to their subspace membership. This is an important probl...
2,877,628,088,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} System identification (SI) is a long-standing problem that has fostered much research effort \cite{Ljung99, Pintelon12}. A wide variety of SI methods have been developed in different frameworks (control theory, machine learning, information theory), and tailored to the specific situation at han...
2,877,628,088,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} The failure of the Standard Model (SM), in describing phenomena like the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) and the dark matter (DM), brings to mind that the SM cannot be considered as a fundamental model. Nevertheless, the discovery of the Higgs boson~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrc...
2,877,628,088,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Power exhaust is a key challenge in next step fusion devices. Reducing the peak heat fluxes on the plasma facing components to tolerable levels, to a large extent, relies on impurity radiation in the boundary layer of the tokamak. The impurity radiation pattern in turn depends on plasma transpor...
2,877,628,088,415
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A filament is a one-dimensional, smooth, connected structure embedded in a multi-dimensional space. Filaments arise in many applications. For example, matter in the universe tends to concentrate near filaments that comprise what is known as the cosmic-web~\cite{Bond1996}, and the structu...
2,877,628,088,416
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The asymptotic performance of error-correcting codes is a classical topic in coding theory, going back to the work by Shannon, where random codes are used to get arbitrarily close to the capacity of a given discrete memoryless channel. \cite{shannon48} As in Shannon's proof, most of the litera...
2,877,628,088,417
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Positron emission tomography (PET) has developed into a standard tool for imaging methods in medicine. The required radionuclides are often produced with the aid of cyclotrons. Depending on the emitter to be produced, different nuclides are bombarded with protons or deuterons that trigger nucl...
2,877,628,088,418
arxiv
\subsubsection{Searches for Jet Quenching in \mbox{$pA$}\xspace\ collisions} Given the recent wealth of data showing evidence for collective behavior in \pPb, \pp\ collisions (for a recent review see Ref.~\cite{Nagle:2018nvi}), it is natural to search for jet quenching effects in these systems. As of this writing ...
2,877,628,088,419
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observer-independence of the speed of light postulated by Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity implies that the speed of light for a given observer is independent of frequency, direction of propagation, and polarization. Conversely, if Lorentz symmetry is broken, any of these may no lon...
2,877,628,088,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $\sim$5800\,K temperature of the solar photosphere naturally decreases outwards. Beyond a height of $\sim$500\,km, i.e., in the chromosphere, the beginning of a mysterious behaviour appears. The atmospheric temperature, instead of decreasing, starts rising again, up to 1-2\,MK, and this all ...
2,877,628,088,421
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the complexity of three related and fundamental problems: computing the convolution of two vectors, multiplying two integers, and computing the Hamming distance between two strings. We study these problems in an online or streaming context and provide matching upper and lower bounds...
2,877,628,088,422
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} This paper presents the recently developed framework for the outage probability and \emph{transmission capacity} \cite{WebYan2005} in a one hop wireless {\em ad hoc} network. The transmission capacity is defined as the number of successful transmissions taking place in the net...
2,877,628,088,423
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Random ferns is a machine learning algorithm proposed first by Özuysal et al \cite{Ozuysal2007} for patch matching, as a faster and simpler alternative to the Random forest algorithm. Since introduction, it has been used in numerous computer vision application, like image recognition \cite{Bosc...
2,877,628,088,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{one} In this note we study the Bass $\Nil$-groups (see \cite[Chap.~XII]{bass1}) $$\NK_n(R G) = \ker(K_n(R G[t]) \to K_n(R G)),$$ where $R$ is an associative ring with unit, $G$ is a finite group, $n \in \mathbf Z$, and the augmentation map sends $t\mapsto 0$. Alternately, the isomorphism $...
2,877,628,088,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formation of planets involves a huge growth of solids starting from sub-$\mu$m grains and proceeding all the way up to terrestrial, ice and giant planets, with sizes up to hundreds thousands kilometers. Nearly all of this solid growth occurs in disks surrounding young pre-Main Sequence (PMS)...
2,877,628,088,426
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interference experiments with heavy molecules and nanoclusters amount to tests of the quantum superposition principle at unprecedented scales \cite{haslinger2013universal,colloquium,romeroisart2011,stefanjames} and may serve to measure molecular properties with high accuracy \cite{conformationsp...
2,877,628,088,427
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} The aim of this article is to complete results of [M.00] and [B.08] and to show that they imply a rather general existence theorem for meromorphic quotient of quasi-proper meromorphic equivalence relations. We try also to put some more light on the "topological" condition which is needed to...
2,877,628,088,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last years we have witnessed a technological trend towards miniaturization of electronic circuits. This tendency has been accompanied by a growing research activity focused on achieving a better understanding of the mechanisms for heat dissipation and energy flow in mesoscopic systems. ...
2,877,628,088,429
arxiv
\section*{References}} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsthm} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsopn,amsfonts,mathrsfs,amsbsy,amscd} \usepackage{longtable} \usepackage{caption} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{lineno} \usepackage{systeme} \setlength{\parindent}{0pt} \newcommand{{\mathfrak X}}{{\mathfrak X}} \newcommand{...
2,877,628,088,430
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The Orion giant molecular cloud complex is located at a distance of $\sim$420 pc from the Sun and is one of the nearest active star-forming regions \citep{Menten07, Kim08}. The molecular complex largely consists of the Orion A and B clouds. Numerous observations have been carried...
2,877,628,088,431
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ is called an \emph{Einstein manifold} if its Ricci curvature satisfies $\mathrm{Ric} = \lambda g$ for some constant $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$. In this paper we are interested in non-compact homogeneous Einstein manifolds. There are also many existence and nonexis...
2,877,628,088,432
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The family of {\em episturmian words} is an interesting natural generalization of the well-known {\em Sturmian words} (a particular class of binary infinite words) to an arbitrary finite alphabet, introduced by Droubay, Justin, and Pirillo \cite{xDjJgP01epis} (also see \cite{aG05powe,jJgP02ep...
2,877,628,088,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the geostatistical literature, likelihood-based methods for parameter estimation make explicit assumptions on the statistical distributions of the spatial variable in question, thus contrast with some traditional methods such as ones based on curve-fitting for an empirical variogram model \c...
2,877,628,088,434
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{contents/intro} \pagestyle{plain} \section{Related Work} \input{contents/related_work} \section{Model} \input{contents/method} \section{Experiments} \label{sec:exp} \input{contents/experiments} \section{Conclusion} \input{contents/conclusion} {\small \bibliographystyle{ieee_fullname}...
2,877,628,088,435
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The first few years of the millennium have seen increased support assembled for the hierarchical structure formation paradigm (Spergel et~al. 2003). In this model, small ripples in the density of the primordial universe are amplified by the force of gravity acting over billions of years. The...
2,877,628,088,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {Saturn's regular moons exhibit a very diverse range of spectral and photometric properties, with Enceladus having an extremely bright and ice-rich surface, while the leading side of Iapetus is exceptionally dark due to being covered with a layer of debris derived from Saturn's irregular satelli...
2,877,628,088,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has been substantial recent interest in the physics of high-dimensional systems with applications to ground-state problems, packing problems, number theory, and phase behaviors of many-particle systems \cite{To10, ToSt03, ZaTo09, Sk06, Pa06, Ro07, Me09, Lu10}. The problem of identifying...
2,877,628,088,438
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The world contains structure: objects with dynamics governed by physical law. Intelligent systems must infer this structure from noisy, jumbled, and lossy sensory data. Bayesian statistics provides a natural framework for designing such systems: given a prior distribution $p(z)$ on underlying de...
2,877,628,088,439
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries and Reductions} In this chapter, we introduce some first reductions as well as the notation, which will be similar to that in \cite{MAL18}. Throughout, let $\ell \in \{2,3\}$ and $q = p^f$ for a prime $p \neq \ell$ and some $f \geq 1$. As customary, we write $\operatorname{GL}_n(-q)$ for the gene...
2,877,628,088,440
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1} Introduction\protect\\ \lowercase{}} The tunnel current in the Metal-Insulator-Metal (M-I-M) structure has been theoretically described and experimentally tested for many years, starting in 1930 Ref.\cite {Fr1930}, see also e.g. Refs.\cite {Si}-\cite {Zh}. The theoretical problem of the tra...
2,877,628,088,441
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A friend knocks on your office door, having made the journey across campus from the sociology department. ``In my fieldwork, I found a network of social links between individuals,'' they say. ``I think there are two demographic groups of equal size, and that people tend to link mostly to other...
2,877,628,088,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} \IEEEPARstart{O}{ver} the last few years, the proliferation of mobile devices connected to the Internet, such as smartphones and tablets, has led to an unprecedented increase in wireless traffic that is expected to grow with an annual rate of 53\% until 2020\cite{general...
2,877,628,088,443
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The explosive increase of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) provides many opportunities to carry out data science research by applying data mining and machine learning tools and techniques. EMR contains massive and a wide range of information on patients concerning different aspects of healthcare,...
2,877,628,088,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction} What happens to an impurity particle injected in a quantum fluid at zero temperature? According to the Landau criterion of superfluidity \cite{landau1941JETP} generalized to account for motion of a particle of a finite mass \cite{rayfield1966roton}, if the initial velocity of the impurity $v_0$ ...
2,877,628,088,445
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent US study takes us to an alarming point that our cyberinfrastructures are as vulnerable as we are to the COVID-19. Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reports that there has been a 300\% increase in cybercrime since the beginning of the la...
2,877,628,088,446
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The internal composition and structure of small, terrestrial planets is generally difficult to characterize. As is well known, mass-radius relationships alone do not constrain the internal composition of a planet beyond a measurement of its bulk density. The internal structure is crucial, as it ...
2,877,628,088,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction}There exist tens of billions of mobile devices distributed at network edges such as smartphones and laptop computers. They are equipped with powerful CPUs but a large population are idle at any given time instant. Scavenging the enormous amount of distributed computation resources can provide a ...
2,877,628,088,448
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Deep inelastic scattering from polarized targets continues to excite interest among both theorists and experimentalists. When an electron scatters off a spin-one target, such as a deuteron, new information not present in case of a spin-half target can be obtained \cite{hood89}. A new, leading tw...
2,877,628,088,449
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) is the most widely used theoretical tool in material science and in quantum chemistry \cite{burke2012perspective}. Its main ingredient is an accurate approximation for the exchange-correlation energy-density functional for the electron syste...
2,877,628,088,450
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The complete knot Floer chain complex $CFK^{\infty}(K)$ is a bifiltered, Maslov graded chain complex associated to a knot $K\subset S^3$, introduced by Ozsv\'{a}th and Szab\'{o} \cite{OS04c}, and independently by Rasmussen \cite{Ras03}. \textit{A priori}, the bifiltered chain homotopy type of $CF...
2,877,628,088,451
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A variety of lightly damped Alfv\'{e}nic modes can occur in magnetically confined plasmas. Interaction with fast particles can destabilise these modes, leading to a loss of confinement of these particles. In fusion applications, such losses could reduce heating and damage plasma facing components...
2,877,628,088,452
arxiv
\section{ \section{Introduction} \label{S1} Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) result from magnetic reconnection changing magnetic topologies and releasing energy from magnetic loops and active regions produced by the Sun's magnetic dynamo. Sufficiently energetic flares and CMEs can produce large-scale pr...
2,877,628,088,453
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} When making decisions with visual data, such as automated vehicle navigation with blurry images, uncertainty quantification is critical. The relevant uncertainty pertains to a low-dimensional set of semantic properties, such as the locations of objects. However, there is a wi...