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2,877,628,088,454 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace{-10pt}
Composed of large collections of relatively simple components which autonomously combine to form predetermined structures, self-assembling systems provide a framework in which structures can grow from the bottom up, with precise placement of individual molecules... |
2,877,628,088,455 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The coupled-channels approach
has been successful in describing the subbarrier enhancement of
heavy-ion fusion
cross sections ~\cite{DHRS98,BT98}.
Conventionally, it takes into account the coupling between the relative motion
of the colliding nuclei and a few low-lying
collective excitation... |
2,877,628,088,456 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The dynamics of the growth of GDP (gross domestic product), where GDP is defined as the market value of all final goods and services
produced within a country in a given period of time \cite{Mankiw2011}, is arguably the most
scrutinised metric quantifying the overall ec... |
2,877,628,088,457 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:intro}
In the last decade a significant step forward in the phenomenological
understanding of star formation in galaxies has been achieved, thanks
to many observational campaigns of nearby \citep[see,
e.g.,][]{Boissier07,Kennicutt07,Walter08} and distant
\citep[e.g.][]{Bouche07,... |
2,877,628,088,458 | arxiv | \subsection{Technical Lemmas}
\indent We first show an equality of information densities between the nonfeedback channel $\mathcal{F}^n\rightarrow \mathcal{Y}^n$ and the original channel $\mathcal{X}^n\rightarrow \mathcal{Y}^n$.
\begin{lemma}
\begin{equation*}
i(F^n;Y^n)=i^R(X^n(F^n)\rightarrow Y^n)
\end{equation*}
whe... |
2,877,628,088,459 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
We detect an omission in the paper ``Conditionally exactly soluble
class of quantum potentials" by A. de Souza Dutra [Phys. Rev. A 47
(1993) R2435]. There, two strongly singular $s-$wave bound state
problems have been claimed completely solvable in closed form.
Unfortunately, all the displayed wave... |
2,877,628,088,460 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The robust prediction of dynamical systems behaviour remains an open question in machine learning, and engineering in general. The ability to make robust predictions is important not only for forecasting systems of interest like weather \citep{garg2021weatherbench, Ravuri2021SkilfulRadar} but e... |
2,877,628,088,461 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The asymptotic behavior of the variance of the number of zeros of random trigonometric polynomials $\sum a_k\cos(kt) + b_k\sin(kt)$ with independent Gaussian coefficients has been established in \cite{Gra11}. Since then, the variances of numerous models have been studied: for instance, see \cite{... |
2,877,628,088,462 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photoionization is a fundamental process in nature where absorption of a photon by an atom leads to the emission of a photoelectron and to the creation of a positive ion: $A+\gamma \to A^+ +e^-$. The photoelectric effect is possible only when the energy of the photon, $\hslash \omega$, is suffic... |
2,877,628,088,463 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are characterized by accretion onto the supermassive black hole at the center of the host galaxy. The accretion process is intrinsically turbulent, leading to stochastic variability observed across the electromagnetic spectrum. Occasionally, more dr... |
2,877,628,088,464 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved impressive performances on translation quality, due to the introduction of novel deep neural network (DNN) architectures such as encoder-decoder model \cite{cho-etal-2014-learning,Sutskever2014Sequence}, and self-attentional networks like Transformer ... |
2,877,628,088,465 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All dynamical laws are affected by a deep problem, \cite{BAR1}. They are formulated in terms of an extrinsic parameter time, which is not itself an element of dynamics and hence it is left unexplained.
One powerful way of addressing this problem is the \qq{timeless approach} to time. Its logic... |
2,877,628,088,466 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section2}
The discovery that a peak in the density of states at certain frequencies where surface modes can be thermally excited will result in a significant enhancement in heat transfer when objects are brought in close proximity to each other has lead to development of applications rel... |
2,877,628,088,467 | arxiv | \section*{Methods}
\subsubsection{Measurements}
We use a pulsed QCL mid-IR laser (LaserScope from Block Engineering) that is linearly polarized and has a wavelength tuning range from $\lambda$ = 6.1 to 10 $\mu$m. We scan the device position with motorized $xyz$-stage. We modulate the mid-IR laser employing an optical ... |
2,877,628,088,468 | arxiv | \chapter{Mytitle}{Myname} in a file named Myname.tex
\documentclass{amsart}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{
paperwidth=6in,
paperheight=9in,
width=27pc,
height=45pc,
headsep=12pt,
foot=24pt,
inner=0.9375in,
top=0.625in,
includehead
}
\usepackage{amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb}
\usepackage{xspace}
\us... |
2,877,628,088,469 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In his 1799 work \textit{The Vocation Of Man}, the German idealist
philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte wrote that ``you could not remove
a single grain of sand from its place without thereby {[}...{]} changing
something throughout all parts of the immeasurable whole''.\footnote{Quote is fro... |
2,877,628,088,470 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s.introduction}
Several aspects of the evolution of galaxies have been
puzzling astronomers for decades. Firstly, star formation in galaxies turns out
to be efficiently quenched in galactic bulges despite the gas cooling
time being much shorter than the age of a given galaxy \citep{cowie+... |
2,877,628,088,471 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Deep learning is the foundation for many of today's applications, such as computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. After AlexNet \cite{alexnet} made a breakthrough in 2012 by significantly outperforming other object detection solutions, and win... |
2,877,628,088,472 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Unlike traditional recruitment methods, such as employee referrals, CV screening, and face-to-face interviews, AI is able to find patterns unseen by a human eye. It could be used to find the right person for the perfect role faster and more efficiently than ever before. In order to rapidly impro... |
2,877,628,088,473 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Estimating depth in monocular images constitutes a problem of practical importance when aiming to understand the geometry of a scene, e.g., in autonomous driving systems or for augmented reality applications. Due to its ill-posed nature, methods approaching this problem nowadays typically incorp... |
2,877,628,088,474 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Introduction}
A {\em $k$-pair network} $\mathcal N=(V, A, S, T)$ consists of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) $D=(V, A)$, a set of $k$ vertices $S=\{s_1, s_2, \dots, s_k\}$ with zero in-degree, called sources (senders) and a set of $k$ vertices $T=\{t_1, t_2, \dots, t_k\}$ with zero out-d... |
2,877,628,088,475 | arxiv | \section{Derivation of EM Update Rule for Truncated Gaussian Mixture} \label{app:EM-rule}
For this derivation, we use $\phi(\vec{x};\bf{\lambda},\vec{\Sigma})$ to denote the normal pdf with mean vector $\vec{\lambda}$ and covariance matrix $\vec{\Sigma}$. Let us denote $c_1$ for the component of the Gaussian correspond... |
2,877,628,088,476 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
There is a problem in quantum theory of gravitons
created from vacuum in the expanding Universe with
nonzero scalar curvature $R$ (inflation, dust, etc.)
concerning the long wave graviton modes. In linearized
theory of quantum gravitons in curved space-time of
the isotropic homogeneous Universe... |
2,877,628,088,477 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newcommand{\vs}[1]{\rule[- #1 mm]{0mm}{#1 mm}}
\newcommand{\hs}[1]{\hspace{#1mm}}
\newcommand{\mb}[1]{\hs{5}\mbox{#1}\hs{5}}
\newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\end{eqnarray}}{\end{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\wt}[1]{\widetilde{#1}}
\newcommand{\underline}[1]{\underline{#1}}
\newcomma... |
2,877,628,088,478 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum optimal control theory is the science of shaping control pulses to manipulate quantum systems in a useful way \cite{Rice_Book, Brumer_Book}. In many quantum control systems, the time evolution is optimized under unitary time evolution. Examples of this include the evolution of many electr... |
2,877,628,088,479 | arxiv | \section*{Supplemental figures}
\begin{figure*}[h!]
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth, trim = 0 2cm 0 2cm ]{cspwc.pdf}
\caption{Total cross sections~\cite{Nowak:1978au,Watson:1963zz,Ciborowski:1982et,Humphrey:1962zz} fitted by the model described in the main part of the manuscript. Error bands represent the $1\sigma... |
2,877,628,088,480 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics{smearing-explanation.pdf}
\caption{The transition to the double fringes packet for a binary. \rev{Gray} curves show the fringes of the individual components \rev{with vertical dotted lines indicating the position of their centres}. The \rev{black} curve is the det... |
2,877,628,088,481 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The emergence of infrastructure-free wireless communications networks (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications \cite{UAV}) brings new threads to public security, as they may be misused by criminals or terrorists to commit crimes or launch terror attacks \cite{paradigm}. To detect and ... |
2,877,628,088,482 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgements}
This work is supported in part by Science and Technology Innovation 2030 - ``New Generation Artificial Intelligence'' Major Project (No. 2018AAA0100904) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (62176135).
\section{Algorithm Details}
In this section, we describe some details of the a... |
2,877,628,088,483 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deployment of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in the active region of optical devices offers unique electronic and optical properties which can be exploited to design several optoelectronic technologies ranging from lasers\cite{Salhi_1} to semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs)\cite{Akiyama_1}... |
2,877,628,088,484 | arxiv | \section{\label{giris}Introduction}
Static correlation,\cite{handy01,becke13}
arising from the tendency of electrons to distribute themselves over the various centers,
is pronounced in materials containing localized {\it d} or {\it f} electrons
such as some transition-metal or rare-earth compounds.
The local den... |
2,877,628,088,485 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The electric dipole polarizability $\alpha$ is one of the most fundamental atomic properties important for many atomic and molecular properties and applications \cite{bonin1997,Bishop1999,maroulis2004,maroulis2006,Mitroy2010,champagne2010,Safronova2015}. Whereas we have some knowledge of static ... |
2,877,628,088,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ammonia (NH$_3$) was the first polyatomic molecule discovered in space
\citep{Cheung1968}, and has subsequently been one of the most extensively
observed molecules in the interstellar medium \citep{Ho1983}, with a set 23
GHz of inversion transitions that are readily detectable from many radio
t... |
2,877,628,088,487 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Basing on \cite{Perlings}, it was proposed in \cite{VMSS} the following model describing a nonlinear elastic medium with internal inclusions, cavities or microcracks:
\begin{eqnarray}
u_t+\frac{1}{\nu+2}\partial_x\,\left(\beta+\sigma\partial^2_x\right) \rho^{\nu+2} =0, \label{Perl_1A}\\
\rho... |
2,877,628,088,488 | arxiv | \section*{\refname}}
\begin{document}
\preprint{APS/123-QED}
\title{Constraint-free wavelength conversion supported by giant optical refraction \\ in a 3D perovskite supercrystal}
\author{Ludovica Falsi}
\affiliation{Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`{a} di Roma ``La Sapienza'', 00185 Rome, Italy}
\affiliation{Di... |
2,877,628,088,489 | arxiv |
\section{System Model}
\label{model_mec}
\subsection{Mobile Application Model}
We consider a mobile application that is composed of mutually dependent computation task modules (i.e., procedures/components), which need to be executed in a specific order. Thus, a mobile application can generally be modeled as a direct... |
2,877,628,088,490 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Model predictive control (MPC) is currently the most popular control methodology employed in process control and its impact on industry has been recognized \cite{Samad2017survey}. In MPC, the control action is calculated through solving a finite-horizon open-loop optimal control problem at each ... |
2,877,628,088,491 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}%
\z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}%
{\bfserie
\centering
}}
\def\@secnumfont{\bfseries}
\makeatother
\setlength{\textheight}{19.5 cm}
\setlength{\textwidth}{12.5 cm}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem... |
2,877,628,088,492 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum theory provides, for a given state preparation,
expectation values and distributions for a number of observables
whose operators have been identified by a combination of heuristic
arguments (e.g. quantization rules),
and consistency arguments. Their relevance and validity is eventu... |
2,877,628,088,493 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we are concerned with uniqueness of nontrivial classic solution to the following class of nonlocal elliptic equations
\begin{equation}\label{P}\tag{P}
\left \{ \begin{array}{ll}
-\left(a(x)+b(x)\int_{\Omega}|\nabla u|^{2}dx\right)\Delta u=h(x) & \mbox{in $\Omega$,}\\
u=0 & \mbox{... |
2,877,628,088,494 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section1}
The one dimensional Hausdorff operator is defined by
$$ H_{\Phi}(f)(x)=\int\limits_{0}^\infty{\frac{\Phi(y)}{y}f\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)dy},$$
where $\Phi$ is an integrable function on the positive half-line. The Hausdorff operator may be originated by Hurwitz and Silverman \cite... |
2,877,628,088,495 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{S:intro}
Richard Thompson introduced his group $F$ in 1965, and it has since been extensively studied. $F$ is finitely presented, has exponential growth, and its abelianization is $\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}$. The question as to whether $F$ is amenable was first posed in 1979. $F$ is... |
2,877,628,088,496 | arxiv | \section{Introduction, results and outlook}\label{intro}
Holography \cite{Maldacena:1997re, Gubser:1998bc, Witten:1998qj, Witten:1998zw}
is a correspondence between quantum field theory and gravity. It
provides a powerful tool to analyze strong-coupling theories by using
the dual gravity description.
At finit... |
2,877,628,088,497 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec_introduction}
\noindent A real matrix is called {\itshape totally positive} if all of its minors (i.e.\ determinants of square submatrices) are positive. Totally positive matrices first appeared in the 1930's in work of Schoenberg \cite{schoenberg30} and Gantmakher and Krein \cite{gant... |
2,877,628,088,498 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deciding reachability between a pair of vertices in a graph is an important computational problem from the perspective of space bounded computations. It is well known that reachability in directed graphs characterizes the complexity class nondeterministic logspace (\NL). For undirected graphs th... |
2,877,628,088,499 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Milne-like spacetimes are a class of $k = -1$ FLRW spacetimes which admit continuous spacetime extensions through the big bang. This extension was observed in \cite{GalLing_con},\footnote{These extensions have been noted previously in the physics literature, see e.g. \cite{Coleman}.} and furthe... |
2,877,628,088,500 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known in statistical physics that N-body correlations have to be carefully described in order to characterize statistical properties of complex systems.
For instance, in the case of the Liouville equation for Hamiltonian dynamics, this problem is at the heart of the derivation of th... |
2,877,628,088,501 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Relative pose estimation from two views of a camera, or a multi-camera system is regarded as a fundamental problem in computer vision~\cite{HartleyZisserman-472,scaramuzza2011visual,kazik2012real,schoenberger2016sfm,guan2018visual}, which plays an important role in simultaneous localization and ... |
2,877,628,088,502 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Blowup Algebras, in particular the Rees algebra $\mathcal{R}(I) = R[It]$
($t$ a variable) and the associated graded ring $\mathcal{G}(I) =
\mathcal{R}(I)/I\mathcal{R}(I)$ of an ideal $I$ in a Noetherian ring
$R$ play a crucial role in the birational study of algebraic
varieties. Th... |
2,877,628,088,503 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec:Introduction}
Let $(\Om,\cF,\dbP)$ be a complete probability space on which a standard $d$-dimensional Brownian motion $W=\{W(t);0\les t<\i\}$ is defined, and let $\dbF=\{\cF_t\}_{t\ges0}$ be the natural filtration of $W(\cd)$ augmented by all the $\dbP$-null sets in $\cF$. Let $T>0$... |
2,877,628,088,504 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Big Numbers}
Of the things I am going to discuss, the most difficult to accept may be the incredibly large numbers that are an unavoidable part of them. We have already had to swallow some pretty big numbers. For example, the observed flatness of the universe implies that it is ... |
2,877,628,088,505 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep learning (DL) was first proposed to solve problems where a set of training data was collected for centralized data processing. In recent years, with the rapid advancement in this field, its applications have extended to various industries, benefiting people’s life. However, collecting and tr... |
2,877,628,088,506 | arxiv | \section{The CSL model}\label{sec:tcm}
Using the language of non-relativistic quantum field theory,
the CSL model is formulated in terms of a stochastic differential equation in the Fock space
associated with the system \cite{Ghirardi1990}.
Given different types of particles, where the type $j$ has mass $m_j$,
the mass... |
2,877,628,088,507 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Finding materials with the desired properties is an important task in the condensed matter physics and material sciences, and guides the direction in the structural search field \cite{Review_1,Review_2}.
Alloying is commonly used for obtaining the desired materials, as the structural, electronic... |
2,877,628,088,508 | arxiv |
\subsubsection{Outline of the Neural Network}
The goal of the network is classifying whether a pulsar search observation contains a pulsar or not.
In order to do this we use a neural network with two parts: dedisperision and classification.
The dedispersion part is described in detail in Section \ref{dedis_arch}.... |
2,877,628,088,509 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Motivated by significant applications in medical imaging \cite{SA99} and exploration geophysics \cite{BA84}, we consider the two-dimensional
inverse acoustic scattering of time-harmonic point sources by a locally rough surface, which aims to reconstruct the shape
and location of the rough surfac... |
2,877,628,088,510 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Alpha estimation is a regression problem that calculates the opacity value of each blended pixel in the foreground object. It serves as a prerequisite for a broad range of applications such as movie post production, digital image editing and compositing live action.
Formally, the composition ... |
2,877,628,088,511 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nucleon spin structure function $g_1$, extracted from
the deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering with
polarization \cite{EMC1,EMC2}, if interpreted in the
infinite momentum frame, defines a fraction of
the nucleon spin carried by quark spins. Accordingly,
only about 30\% of the nucl... |
2,877,628,088,512 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Quantum entanglement, one of the most striking consequences of nonlocal
quantum correlation, is fundamental in quantum physics both for
understanding the nonlocality of quantum mechanics\cite{Einstein} and its
role in quantum computations and communications\cite{Nielsen}. The
entanglement ... |
2,877,628,088,513 | arxiv |
\section{Related Work}\label{sec:relatedwork}
\textbf{Scan Matching}.
The most basic element of lidar-based navigation is \emph{local} data association, often referred to as scan matching.
It is frequently carried out by iterative closest point (ICP)~\cite{besl1992method} and its variants~\cite{rusinkiewicz200... |
2,877,628,088,514 | arxiv | \section{Optical forces and noise acting on a dielectric sphere}
To illustrate our idea, we consider a sub-wavelength dielectric sphere interacting with two standing-wave optical modes of a Fabry-Perot cavity~(Fig.~\ref{fig:schematic}a). One resonantly driven mode provides an optical dipole trap for the sphere. The se... |
2,877,628,088,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
t-distributed Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding (t-SNE) is a well-known nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique with applications in many fields. It is frequently used to generate two- or three-dimensional visualizations of high dimensional datasets, often for the purpose of visualizing and ... |
2,877,628,088,516 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
To address the rapid increase of wireless data traffic demand in the upcoming years, the wireless industry has turned its attention to the unlicensed spectrum bands as a way to aggregate additional bands and improve the capacity of future cellular systems~\cite{zhangh:15,zhan:1... |
2,877,628,088,517 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2)~\cite{atfweb},~\cite{atf2proposalVol1},~\cite{atf2proposalVol2} at KEK has been designed to prove the principle of the compact final focus beam optics design based on the local chromaticity correction~\cite{finalFocus} required for future L... |
2,877,628,088,518 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we give a topological viewpoint for the index and its localization phenomena of elliptic operators on certain fiber bundles using the notion of the joint spectral flow, which is a generalization of that of spectral flow introduced by Atiyah-Patodi-Singer~\cite{AtiyahPatodiSinger197... |
2,877,628,088,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Event causality identification (ECI) aims to identify causal relations between events in texts, which can provide crucial clues for NLP tasks, such as logical reasoning and question answering \cite{girju2003automatic,oh2013question,oh2017multi}. This task is usually modeled as a c... |
2,877,628,088,520 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let ${\mathfrak g}$ be a simple Lie algebra of type $ADE$ over ${\mathbb C}$ with the
index set $I$ of simple roots, $\mathbf L\g = {\mathfrak g} \otimes {\mathbb C}[z,z^{-1}]$ be its
loop algebra, and $\Ul$ be its quantum universal enveloping algebra,
or the quantum loop algebra for short. It... |
2,877,628,088,521 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The intention of this article is to make it clear to theorists how to use available experimental data to carry out standard Bayesian inference, by which they can estimate and set limits on parameters of interest of their own theoretical models or, depending on the mood, of their friends' models.... |
2,877,628,088,522 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The binary system \object{PSR~B1259$-$63}/\object{LS~2883}\footnote{Star 2883 in the catalog of Luminous Stars in the Southern Milky Way \citep{stephenson71}. The use of SS~2883 should be avoided, see \cite{negueruela11}.} is formed by a young 48~ms radio pulsar in an eccentr... |
2,877,628,088,523 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Accurate clip-level video classification, utilising a rich vocabulary of sophisticated terms, remains a challenging problem.
One of the contributing factors is the complexity and ambiguity of the interrelations between linguistic terms and the actual audio-visual content of the video. For exampl... |
2,877,628,088,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of collective states of anyonic excitations is an exciting and yet relatively unexplored area of condensed matter physics. The nontrivial exchange behaviour of nonabelian anyons may be exploited for universal quantum computation,\cite{kitaev2003,nayak2008}
with the simplest suitable m... |
2,877,628,088,525 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Realistic systems are always coupled to environments. Small effects
of the environment on the system can nicely be described using random
perturbations (noise). In Hamiltonian systems, noise induces dissipation,
can destroy the regular dynamics, and affects transport, to mention... |
2,877,628,088,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Young star clusters are usually found embedded in molecular clouds from which they were recently born. The surrounding gas is expelled by feedback, in the forms of ultraviolet radiation, massive stellar winds from OB stars, and/or supernovae (SNe) explosion. The star clusters l... |
2,877,628,088,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
For many years it was thought that the expansion of the universe should be slowing due to the gravitational attraction of matter, but measurements of Type Ia supernovae and other observations have shown that the expansion rate is in fact accelerating \citep{1998AJ....116.1009R,1... |
2,877,628,088,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since thousands of years, the epidemic spreading of diseases has been one of the greatest threats to societies around the world. Now, with increased mobility, diseases tend to spread faster and wider due to air traffic and, in fact, often globally. The resulting pandemics can cost the lives of m... |
2,877,628,088,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The proper identification of the difficulty levels of reading materials is a vital aspect of the language learning process. It enables teachers and educators alike to assign appropriate materials to young learners in which they can fully comprehend, preventing boredom and disinterest ~\cite{guev... |
2,877,628,088,530 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent surge in popularity of podcasts presents a big opportunity and a unique set of challenges to existing content discovery and recommendation systems. Podcasts usually require active attention from a listener for extended periods unlike listening to music. Subjective attributes such as t... |
2,877,628,088,531 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most important recent findings of the higher-dimensional
General Relativity is a one-rotational black ring solution by Emparan and Reall
\cite{ref1}.
This solution is a vacuum, axially symmetric and asymptotically flat solution
of the five-dimensional General Relativity.
The topology... |
2,877,628,088,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Recently, Calabi-Yau singularities have played a prominent role in ``bottom-up'' approaches connecting string theory to particle physics. The basic idea behind these constructions is to first locate a set of D-branes giving rise to the desired particle physics model a... |
2,877,628,088,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
Global gravitational anomalies \cite{Witten:1985xe} are anomalous phases picked by the partition function of quantum field theories under large diffeomorphisms of spacetime. Just as for local anomalies \cite{AlvarezGaume:1983ig}, their cancellation is required in quantum field theori... |
2,877,628,088,534 | arxiv |
\section{Implementation Details} \label{sec:implementationdetails}
We used Caliban~\cite{ritchie2020caliban} to manage all experiments in a reproducible environment in Google Cloud’s AI Platform.
Each point in plots show the mean value taken over at least five different runs.
\subsection{Training for MLP} \label{sec... |
2,877,628,088,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dust plays several prominent roles in the physics of the interstellar medium (ISM) and star formation. Dust absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by young stars. This absorbed UV radiation is re-emitted at infrared (IR) wavelengths, cooling the dust and also cooling the gas via collisions wi... |
2,877,628,088,536 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As machine learning continues to be more widely used for applications with societal impact such as credit decisioning, predictive policing, and employment applicant screening, practitioners face regulatory, ethical, and legal challenges to prove whether or not their models are fair~\cite{ainow20... |
2,877,628,088,537 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime \cite{Birrell:1982ix,Parker and Toms,Fulling:1989nb,Wald:1995yp,Mukhanov:2007zz,Fabbri:2005mw} is an exciting arena
in which two cornerstones of modern physics, quantum field theory and general relativity, merge to produce surprising results. One classic ... |
2,877,628,088,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Particles floating at an interface can interact and form aggregates~\cite{nicolson1949,kralchevsky1994,kralchevsky2000,vella2005}.
This is a well-known effect of the deformation of the surface around each particle.
Indeed, a single floating particle is often surrounded by a meniscus that is a fu... |
2,877,628,088,539 | arxiv | \section{}
The conformational states of a semiflexible polymer enclosed in a volume $V:=\ell^{3}$ are studied as stochastic realizations of paths using the stochastic curvature approach developed in [Rev. E 100, 012503 (2019)], in the regime whenever $3\ell/\ell_ {p}> 1$, where $\ell_{p}$ is the persistence length. The... |
2,877,628,088,540 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Parallel computing approaches for solving complex problems modeled by partial differential equations have become increasingly attractive over the last decade, as Moore's Law has continued, but transitioned from fabricating more transistors on a chip to constructing mor... |
2,877,628,088,541 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of fractional calculus is an extension of ordinary calculus
that considers integrals and derivatives of arbitrary real
or complex order. Although its birth goes back to Euler,
fractional calculus has gained a great importance
only in recent decades, with the applicability
... |
2,877,628,088,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the physics determining charge transport at interfaces between metal electrodes and molecules is key to the advancement of the field of molecular electronics. In a molecular device, the alignment of frontier molecular orbital levels relative to the metals' Fermi energies determines... |
2,877,628,088,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
\label{sec:intro}
Supersymmetric localization leads to a dramatic simplification of the calculation of
sphere partition functions (and some other observables) by reducing the infinite
dimensional path integral to a finite dimensional matrix model \cite{Pestun2012,Kapustin2010}
Thi... |
2,877,628,088,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Description of the model}
\qquad In this paper, we analyse the stability of non-conforming numerical schemes~for~a~system~describing the evolution of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid. Namely, for a given spatial domain $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$, with $d\in\{2,3\}$, and a ... |
2,877,628,088,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a 1982 paper \cite{Za82} Tudor Zamfirescu proved a remarkable result saying that `most mirrors are magic'. For the mathematical formulation let $\mathcal{C}$ be the set of all closed convex curves in the plane ${\mathbb{R}^2}$. Fix some $C \in \mathcal{C}$ and $z \in C$ so that the tangent l... |
2,877,628,088,546 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
Recent development in topological insulators (TI) has greatly
enhanced our understanding of topological properties in condensed
matter \cite{Hasan2010,Qi2010,Moore2010}. Band insulators with time
reversal symmetry can be classified by a $Z_{2}$ topological
invariant $\nu $ associated with the... |
2,877,628,088,547 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
The study of the synthesis of distributions can be traced back to the seminal
work by Wyner \cite{Wyner}
where the problem studied was to characterize the smallest rate, in bits per symbol,
at which common randomness needs to be provided to two agents, Alice and Bob, each... |
2,877,628,088,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sintro}
The last few decades have seen tremendous applications of heterogeneous materials in automotive industry, civil, aerospace and mechanical engineering. These materials possess superior mechanical properties attributed to the unique architecture and complex microstructure. Most commo... |
2,877,628,088,549 | arxiv |
\section{Problem Formulation}
Given a rooted tree $T = (V,E)$, let $L \subset V$ be the set of leaf nodes. We wish to find
a set $P \subseteq L$ which comprises a ``good'' placement. Let $f(P) \in \natnum^{\repfact + 1}$ be defined as:
$$f(P) := \langle p_o, p_1, ..., p_\repfact \rangle, ~~ p_i = |\{ v \in V \m... |
2,877,628,088,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{s:intro}
From the deployment experiences of long term evolution (LTE) relay in operator's network, the most powerful competitor for relay is the repeaters, which can be viewed as an amplify-and-forward relay. Compared with relay specified in 3GPP Release 10 \cite{wg2010evolved}, the repea... |
2,877,628,088,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\pi$ be a unitary cuspidal automorphic representation for ${\rm GL}(2)$ over a number field $F$. We assume that it is not of solvable polyhedral type, which means that it does not correspond to an Artin representation of dihedral, tetrahedral, or octahedral type. Associated to a finite plac... |
2,877,628,088,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{fig1.eps}
\caption{
Optical spectra of three nova-like variables:
RW Sex (top; Beuermann et al. 1992),
IX Vel (top middle; A. F. Pala \& B. T. Gaensicke, private communication)
and RW Tri in and out of eclipse ... |
2,877,628,088,553 | arxiv | \section{1. Introduction}
The freedom of a general coordinate transformation allows a local Lorentz frame to be defined sufficiently locally around a point in curved spacetime. In this frame, also called an inertial frame, first derivatives of the metric vanish, and therefore the connections vanish, and gravitational f... |
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