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2,877,628,088,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
On scales relevant to the large-scale structure of
reionization -- hundreds of Mpc -- numerical calculations cannot
self-consistently track all the sources and sinks of ionizing
radiation. Resolving the IGM on the small scales relevant to QSO
absorption systems optically-thick at the Lyman edge,... |
2,877,628,088,655 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgement}
F.L. was supported by ERC grant
NORIA and by the French government under management of Agence Nationale de la Recherche,
as part of the ``Investissements d’avenir'' program, reference ANR19-P3IA-0001 (PRAIRIE 3IA
Institute). F.L. also received funding from the European Research Council unde... |
2,877,628,088,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are two familiar versions of (RNS covariant open) superstring
field theory\footnote{See~\cite{Fuchs:2008cc} for a review of recent
developments in string field theory. More detailed background on
the construction of superstring field theories can be found in section 8
therein.}. The first ... |
2,877,628,088,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Early spectroscopic measurements of emission lines formed at
$\sim$10~MK obtained during the rise
phase of solar flares revealed blue-shifted components corresponding to
plasma upflows of several hundred km~s$^{-1}$\
\citep{doschek80,antonucci82}. Theoretical models of 1D solar loops in
which e... |
2,877,628,088,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two operator algebras $A$ and $B$ are called stably isomorphic if the algebras $A\otimes \cl K$ and $B\otimes \cl K$
are isomorphic as operator algebras. Here, $\cl K$ is the set of compact operators acting on $l^2(\bb N).$ Stably isomorphic $C^*$-algebras
are strongly Morita equivalent in... |
2,877,628,088,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To present knowledge leptons have dimensions of less than $10^{-18}m$ and may therefore
be regarded as point-like objects. The muonium atom ($M=\mu^+e^-$) is the
hydrogen-like bound state of leptons from two different particle generations,
an antimuon($\mu^+$) and an electron($e^-$) \cite{Hu... |
2,877,628,088,660 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lovelock gravity is the most natural extension of general relativity (GR) in dimension higher than four, as it retains the basic character of the theory --the equation of motion remains second order despite the action being higher order in Riemann curvature. No other purely gravitational theory p... |
2,877,628,088,661 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
To fully comprehend a scene, one should not only be able to detect the objects in the scene but also understand the attributes (properties) of each object detected. Even if two objects belong to the same category, their behavior might vary depending on their attributes. For example, we can't pr... |
2,877,628,088,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Dusty disks made up of rocky and icy debris have been observed around
other stars, both in reflected optical light \citep{Smith:1984} and in
long wavelength thermal radiation \citep{Aumann}. Multiple surveys
have reported that a significant fraction of main-sequence star... |
2,877,628,088,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Data preprocessing, which involves data labeling, is often the most expensive aspect of deploying machine learning\cite{polyzotis2018data}. Active learning is a sub-field of machine learning that proposes a solution to this problem; it is concerned with selecting which unlabeled datapoints would... |
2,877,628,088,664 | arxiv | \section{Background} \label{sec:intro}
We consider a random access system with symmetric users who
compete to communicate with a common receiver, or a base station
(BS). Traditional approaches for analyzing such systems use the
simplified collision model (\cite{BG:92} and references therein),
which assumes that a messa... |
2,877,628,088,665 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgements}
The authors want to thank D. Awschalom, H.D. Chen, Y. Kato, J.
Orenstein and J. Zaanen for useful discussions. B.A.B. acknowledges
support from the Stanford Graduate Fellowship Program. This work is
supported by the NSF under grant numbers DMR-0342832 and the US
Department of Energy, Office o... |
2,877,628,088,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In order to confront the\ parameter space of the\ Minimal Supersymmetric
Standard Model (MSSM)~\cite{mssm,HaK85,GuH86} with experimental data,
one can take a purely phenomenological approach in which the\
soft SUSY-breaking parameters are specified at low energies, and\ are no... |
2,877,628,088,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cardiac auscultation is the most practiced non-invasive and cost-effective procedure for the early diagnosis of various heart diseases. Effective cardiac auscultation requires trained physicians, a resource which is limited especially in low-income countries of the world \cite{alam2010cardiac}. T... |
2,877,628,088,668 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:intro}
This paper is the second installment, following \cite{KYP1}, on the infinite dimensional bounded real lemma for discrete-time systems and the discrete-time Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) inequality. In this context, we consider the discrete-time linear system
\begin{equation}\la... |
2,877,628,088,669 | arxiv |
\section*{Errata}
\section{Definitions of quantities in the main text}\label{sec:analytic_expression_overline}
\subsection{Full definitions of $\overline \cU$, $\overline \cT$, $\cA_U$, and $\cA_T$ in Proposition \ref{prop:concentration_lag}}\label{sec:analytic_expression_U_T}
We first define functions $m_1(\cdot... |
2,877,628,088,670 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction}
The underlying theory of strong interaction is quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which is nonperturbative at low energy. Therefore, it is very difficult to be solved by the hadron spectrum model independently. Although the traditional quark model can well describe the hadro... |
2,877,628,088,671 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Message-driven executions with over-decomposition of tasks constitute an important model for parallel programming and provides multiple benefits including providing communication-computation overlap and minimizing idling on resources. \textsc{Charm++} \cite{kale-charm-pp1996} from UIUC, USA is ... |
2,877,628,088,672 | arxiv | \subsubsection{Introduction}
Both classical 1-D persistent homology and zigzag persistent homology
use data structures that fall under the same quiver theoretic notion:
they are both orientations of \emph{Dynkin quivers of type A}, which
are written throughout as \(\mathbb{A}_n\) where \(n\) is the number
of vertices ... |
2,877,628,088,673 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological phases of quantum systems have been at the focus of intense studies in recent years.\cite{HasanKane} Many topological insulators are exotic
band insulators where the energy bands are characterized by non-trivial topological quantum numbers.
These topological quantum numbers reflect ... |
2,877,628,088,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SEC:intro}
Recall the classical Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality \cite{CKN84}:
\begin{thm}\label{clas_CKN}
Let $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and let $p_{1}$, $p_{2}$, $p_{3}$, $a$, $b$, $d$, $\delta\in \mathbb{R}$ be such that $p_{1},p_{2}\geq1$,
$p_{3}>0$, $0\leq\delta\leq1$, and
\begin{equation... |
2,877,628,088,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Donaldson--Thomas (DT) invariants, first introduced by Thomas \cite{Tho00}, are integer-valued deformation invariants on a compact Calabi--Yau $3$-fold. It provides a virtual count of curves embedded into a Calabi--Yau $3$-fold, and is conjecturally equivalent to other enumerative invariants, su... |
2,877,628,088,676 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Let $\mathcal{H}$ denote the class of complex valued harmonic functions $f$ in $\mathbb{D}$ normalized by $f(0)=f_z(0)-1=0.$ Each such function $f$ can be expressed uniquely as $f=h+\overline{g},$ where $h$ and $g$ have the following power series representations:
\begin... |
2,877,628,088,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At birth, protostars are surrounded by circumstellar
(CS) gaseous disks that become the natural sites
for planet formation. An important constraint for any planet formation scenario is
the timescale available during which planet formation can occur,
before the CS disks dissipate.
Several stu... |
2,877,628,088,678 | arxiv | \section{Linear scattering of photons}
We consider a typical scattering scenario, where a highly coherent many photon state of light is injected through waveguides into a complex array of optical elements, such as \textit{e.g.}~in \cite{hong-ou-mandel,QW4,DQW_Coin1,DQW_twophotons,DQW_disorder}. We further assume tha... |
2,877,628,088,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Interest for studying the production of hyperon--antihyperon pairs following
antiproton--proton annihilations is based largely on the aim to understand the
nature of flavour production and its dynamics. There is a large amount of data from the
PS185~\cite{PS185} collaboration as reported during t... |
2,877,628,088,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An important step in the analysis of data from wide-field surveys is the classification of sources into stars and galaxies.
Although challenging, this separation is crucial for many areas of cosmology and astrophysics.
Different classification methods have been proposed in the literature, e... |
2,877,628,088,681 | arxiv | \section*{Author Summary}
Gene activation is an inherently random process because numerous diffusing
proteins and DNA must first interact by random association before transcription can begin.
For many genes the necessary protein--DNA associations only begin after activation, but it has recently
been noted that a large... |
2,877,628,088,682 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a previous work \cite{2016PhPl...23g2507P} we extended the equilibrium code HELENA \cite{huysmans1991IsobicHerelesolGraequ} to stationary equilibria with rotation parallel to the magnetic field based on experimental and theoretical evidence that plasma flow has impact on the equilibrium, stab... |
2,877,628,088,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ be a bounded domain with smooth boundary. We consider weak solutions to a variant of the Navier-Stokes-Fourier system, in the presence of no external forces and subject to heat conduction driven by Fourier's law:
\begin{align}
\label{nsf_system}\left\lbrace \b... |
2,877,628,088,684 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix A}
We show below that within the statistical ensemble $(N{\bm P}T)$, there is a natural way to define and compute an internal instantaneous first Piola-Kirchhoff tensor that adopts a virial form and whose statistical average at equilibrium is automatically equal to the externally applied Piola-Kirch... |
2,877,628,088,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nesterov's accelerated gradient descent algorithm~\cite{Nes83} was introduced in 1983, and it exhibits the convergence rate of $\mathcal{O}(1/k^2)$ when applied to a convex objective function, which is faster than the $\mathcal{O}(1/k)$ convergence rate of standard gradient descent methods.
It i... |
2,877,628,088,686 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: DSSV global analysis}
Helicity-dependent parton densities (PDFs) tell us precisely
how much quarks and gluons with a given momentum fraction $x$ tend to have their
spins aligned with the spin direction of a nucleon in a helicity eigenstate.
Their knowledge is essential in the quest to answer o... |
2,877,628,088,687 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\label{sec-1}
Membrane proteins are fundamental for life, and their structures and dynamics are essential for their biological functions. About 30 \% of proteins encoded in genomes are estimated to be of membrane proteins by bioinformatics.\cite{krogh2001predicting,sawada2012biological}
Althoug... |
2,877,628,088,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The advent of ubiquitous traffic sensing provides unprecedented real-time, high-resolution data that elucidate historical trends and current traffic conditions. However, traditional signal timing approaches have yet to take full advantage of these data \cite{Kurzhanskiy:2015fj}. Surveys of pract... |
2,877,628,088,689 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of (approximately) uniform sampling of simple graphs with a given degree sequence has received considerable attention, and has applications in domains as diverse as hypothesis testing in network structures \cite{Olding2014} and ecology, see, e.g., \cite{Rao1996} and references therei... |
2,877,628,088,690 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Data structures with the same value during the rest of their common
life can share the same representation. This is exploited in various
contexts, e.g., by the {\em intern} method for Strings in Java, by
hash-consing in functional languages \cite{goto74}, and by
data deduplication d... |
2,877,628,088,691 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Transform-based methods are widely
employed in digital signal processing applications~\cite{ahmed1975}.
In this context,
the efficient computation of
discrete transforms
has constantly attracted community efforts
and
the proposition of fast algorithms~\cite{Blahut2010}.
In particular,
the 8... |
2,877,628,088,692 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electric charges are ubiquitous in the colloidal domain, and often a major
player shaping the behaviour of soft matter systems. Counter-intuitive phenomena
often ensue, such as overcharging (charge inversion) or effective attraction between like-charged
macro-ions \cite{GBPP00,HL00,GNS02,L02,L05,... |
2,877,628,088,693 | arxiv | \section{The scVI probabilistic model} \label{model}
Figure \ref{graph} represents the probabilistic model graphically.
Latent variable
\begin{align*}
z_n \sim \mathcal N(0, I)
\end{align*}
is a low-dimensional random vector describing cell $n$. For neural
network $f_w$, latent variable
\begin{align*}
w_{ng} \sim \mat... |
2,877,628,088,694 | arxiv | \section{Envy-Freeness} \label{EFdivisions}
In this section we develop an efficient algorithm for finding envy-free allocations in cake division instances with MLRP (Theorem~\ref{theorem:EFdivision}). Towards this goal, we define a class of cake divisions, referred to as \emph{ripple divisions} (Definition~\ref{defn:RD... |
2,877,628,088,695 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a lot of current interest in the problem
of elastic lattices in the presence of substrate disorder.
This is important in various physical systems such as
flux lattices in superconductors
\cite{blatter-vortex-review},
charge density waves \cite{gruner-revue-cdw},
colloids and magnetic bu... |
2,877,628,088,696 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Click prediction is an important and central component in any online advertisement system. Predicting the probability of clicks and click through rate is central in sponsored search advertising and display advertising, and several downstream systems including our auction mechanism rely on being a... |
2,877,628,088,697 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Advanced LIGO~\cite{TheLIGOScientific:2014jea} has just completed its first science run. Results from the first 5 weeks of data have been made public, and include the binary black hole (BBH) coalescence GW150914~\cite{GW150914-DETECTION}. Advanced Virgo~\cite{TheVirgo:2014hva} is expected to j... |
2,877,628,088,698 | arxiv | \subsection{Data representation}
Following~\cite{ctgan&tvae}, we use mode-specific normalization for numerical features and one-hot encoding for categorical features. Mode-specific normalization preserves the multi-modal distribution of numerical features and improves the performance of tabular data synthesizers~\cite{... |
2,877,628,088,699 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The notion of sparsification is ubiquitous in applied mathematics and
combinatorial optimization is no exception. For instance, shortest
paths to a fixed root vertex in a graph $G=(V,E)$ are usually stored
as a tree directed towards the root. Another classical application is
that of Gomory-Hu (G... |
2,877,628,088,700 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{} Let $W$ be a finite complex reflection group. Associated to $W$ is a family of noncommutative algebras, the rational Cherednik algebras. These algebras depend on a pair of parameters, $t$ and $\mbf{c}$ (precise definitions are given in section \ref{subsection:defns}). At $t = 0$ th... |
2,877,628,088,701 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
The LHCb Collaboration has recently presented
evidence~\cite{Aaij:2020fnh} for the observation of at least one
resonance in the $J/\psi$-pair spectrum at about 6900~MeV, and the
likely presence of at least one additional resonance lying below this
mass but above the 6200~MeV $J... |
2,877,628,088,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Discussion}
Symmetry has proved to be of utmost importance in unveiling the remarkable beauty hidden in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills. Two examples illustrate this rather nicely:
\begin{enumerate}
\item The study of the planar spectrum of this gauge theory is mapped to the study of an inte... |
2,877,628,088,703 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Higher education institutions are nationally assessed in a periodic manner across the globe, examples include the Research Excellence Framework~\cite{REF} in the United Kingdom, Excellenzinitiative~\cite{Excellen} in Germany and Star Metrics~\cite{StarMetrics} in the United States, and tremend... |
2,877,628,088,704 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The unusual title of this paper is meant to indicate the emotional
aspects of being a coronal loops modeler. Whenever we start to feel
confident that the problem is solved, new observations come along
and force us to modify our thinking. It can be frustrating, but it
is also very rewarding whe... |
2,877,628,088,705 | arxiv | \section*{Supplemental Material}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\subsection{Solution of the Low equation}
The Low equation with $V_{p,k}$ neglected reads
\begin{align}
T_{p,k} = \frac{g(p)\, g^*(k)}{h_k-E_B } + \int_0^\infty \frac{q^2dq}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{T_{p,q}T_{k,q}^*}{h_k+i\varepsilon-h_q} \,.
\label{eq:appT}
\en... |
2,877,628,088,706 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The implementation of a collision mitigation or collision avoidance system requires in general the computation of a
measure of criticality in order to assess the current traffic situation as well as its evolution in the short-term future. There are many criticality measures available, for examp... |
2,877,628,088,707 | arxiv |
\section{System and Adversary Model}
\label{sec:model}
We assume a system equipped with Intel SGX, i.e., a hardware mechanism to isolate data and execution of a software component from the rest of the system's software that is considered untrusted.
The resources which are used to execute the isolated component (or enc... |
2,877,628,088,708 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}\label{sec:Conclusion}
In this paper, we have investigated the problem of improving the timeliness of collective road awareness, concentrating on the VRU use case and focusing on a freeway segment under cellular network coverage. With the aim of minimizing \ac{E2E} signaling latency, we have propos... |
2,877,628,088,709 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Magnetic fields hosted by the nearby spiral galaxies
are observed to have a coherent large-scale component
spanning kilo-parsec length scales, and strengths of
several micro-Gauss
\citep{fletcher_nearby_2010,Beck2012,beck_wielebinski,krause2018chang}.
Such large-scale magnetic... |
2,877,628,088,710 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The task of Visual Question Answering has received growing interest in the recent years (see \cite{malinowski2014multi,antol2015vqa,wu2016survey} for example). One of the more interesting aspects of the problem is that it combines computer vision, natural language processing, and artificial inte... |
2,877,628,088,711 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Amorphous packings of particles occur in many contexts, ranging from glassy polymers to colloidal gels and geological sediments. These materials are well known to have complex deformation behavior. For example, their mechanical response is often strain history dependent~\cite{19... |
2,877,628,088,712 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When spacetime is noncommutative, it is often the case that
diffeomorphisms do not act as a {\it group} of automorphisms of
this algebra. Instead it can be the case that symmetries act on
the spacetime algebra as a {\it Hopf} or a {\it quasi-Hopf}
algebra \cite{Dimitrijevic:2004rf, Aschieri:2005... |
2,877,628,088,713 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our use of lattice field theory to calculate the structure of the
nucleon from first principles has two complementary objectives. One
goal is to achieve quantitative agreement with experimental
observables such as nucleon form factors and parton distributions, to
confirm the quantitative precis... |
2,877,628,088,714 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Filamentous actin (F-actin) is a semiflexible biopolymer that has been
the object of intensive research from several domains. As a major
constituent of the cytoskeleton, F-actin networks play a key role in
the ongoing puzzle of cell mechanics \cite{howard01,bausch06} and cell
motility \cite{panta... |
2,877,628,088,715 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The present paper contains a probabilistic analysis of some mathematical
model of asynchronous algorithm for parallel simulation. For the detailed
discussion of synchronization issues in parallel and distributed algorithms
we refer to~\cite{JeWI,BeTsi}. Here we give only a brief description
of t... |
2,877,628,088,716 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Among non-functional properties of programs, bounds on the amount of resources
(like computation time and space) programs need when executed are particularly significant. The problem of deriving such
bounds is indeed crucial in safety-critical systems, but is undecidable whenever non-trivial
pr... |
2,877,628,088,717 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1969, Vitaly Efimov, following a work by Thomas(1935) \cite{0Thomas}, first predicted a puzzling quantum-mechanical effect, when a resonant pairwise interaction gives rise to an infinite number of three-body loosely bound states even though each particle pair is unable to bind \cite{1Efimov:19... |
2,877,628,088,718 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Open charm baryon masses are presently the subject of much experimental
and theoretical interest. In particular, most doubly charmed baryons
(i.e.\ $ccq$ states) have not been experimentally observed even though
as stable states in QCD they must exist. Indeed there has only... |
2,877,628,088,719 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgments}\label{sec:acknowledgements}
This work was funded by grants from the German Government, Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the project D-Werft (03WKCJ4D).
{\footnotesize
\bibliographystyle{splncs03}
\enlargethispage{1.0cm}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
... |
2,877,628,088,720 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the last several decades an extensive literature has developed
describing Monte Carlo simulations of both localized (e.g.~Heisenberg)
and itinerant (e.g.~Hubbard) models of quantum magnetism. An important
subset of these studies has considered situations where the exchange
constants ... |
2,877,628,088,721 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Frustration in magnetic materials offers a fertile ground for studying interesting phenomena in strongly correlated systems~\cite{Diep,Lacroix}.
Competing interactions under frustration often lead to an extensive number of energetically degenerate states.
Even a small perturbation to the degene... |
2,877,628,088,722 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
There are two mathematical frameworks in widespread use for modeling
beliefs in multi-agent systems. One approach, popular among computer
scientists and logicians, utilizes the \emph{possible worlds}
paradigm (see, e.g., \cite{Hal31}). Roughly
speaking, a \emph{probability frame} consists of a ... |
2,877,628,088,723 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Source separation is a signal processing problem that consists in recovering individual superimposed \textit{sources} from a \textit{mixture}. Since 2008, the role of the Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign (SiSEC) has been to compare performance of separation systems on a voluntary and commun... |
2,877,628,088,724 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we consider the question of classifying the homomorphisms from $C_0(0,1]$ to
a C*-algebra $A$. In \cite{ciuperca-elliott}, Ciuperca and Elliott show that
if $A$ has stable rank 1 then this classification is possible---up to approximate unitary equivalence---by
means of the the C... |
2,877,628,088,725 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Upcoming neutral hydrogen (H\,{\small I}) surveys \citep[e.g.,][]{ Apertif3,duffy} will deliver large
datasets. The daily data-flow will be of the order of TBytes
and several hundreds of galaxies will be detected.
To find and
characterize H\,{\small I} objects, automated processin... |
2,877,628,088,726 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We present a new completely elementary model which describes
creation, annihilation and motion of non-interacting electrons and positrons along a line (see Definitions~\ref{def-anti-alg}, \ref{def-anti-combi}, and~\ref{def-multipoint}).
It is a modification of the model known
as Feynman checkers... |
2,877,628,088,727 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Nowadays there are several semi-phenomenological NN potentials that may
be considered as realistic because they provide good
descriptions of cross sections, scattering amplitudes and phase shifts.
Nevertheless, it is possible to notice important discrepancies when one
compares directly their c... |
2,877,628,088,728 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Density functional theory\cite{PhysRev.140.A1133,RevModPhys.61.689,jones2015density} (DFT) and beyond-DFT methods are often used in combination with photoelectron spectroscopy to obtain physical insights into the electronic structure of molecules and solids.
The Kohn-Sham (KS) eigenvalues are no... |
2,877,628,088,729 | arxiv | \section{Details of Minimum ISE}
\section{Connection with Clustering Based Algorithms}
\subsection{Gaussian Barycenter}
\subsubsection{Guassian Baycenter under KL Divergence}
\label{sec:kl_barycenter}
We proof Lemma~\ref{lemma:Gaussian_KL_barycenter} in this section.
\begin{proof}
The KL-divergence between two G... |
2,877,628,088,730 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A connected graph is called transient (resp. recurrent) if the simple random walk on it is transient (resp. recurrent).
Benjamini, Gurel-Gurevich and Lyons \cite{BGGL} showed the cerebrating result claiming that the trace of the simple random walk on a transient graph is
recurrent
almost s... |
2,877,628,088,731 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In very simple terms we can define
spinons as elementary excitations carrying spin but no charge. They emerge
in two-dimensional Mott insulators as a consequence of electron fractionalization.
\cite{Sachdev-Review}
Similarly to quarks in QCD, spinons do not emerge so easily out of a confined... |
2,877,628,088,732 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Early phase II studies in clinical oncology are conducted after investigation of
safety and dosage of a new anti-tumor agent in preceding phase I studies.
The objective of such early phase II trials is to identify substances that show
promising anti-tumor activity warranting f... |
2,877,628,088,733 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is with great pleasure that we contribute to this book in honor of
Prof. Takeo Fujiwara.
GTL enjoyed eighteen months of Prof.
Fujiwara's hospitality at the University of Tokyo during the early 1990's.
At that time the work of Prof. Fujiwara in the field of electronic
structure of q... |
2,877,628,088,734 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent decades, many indications have been found that Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs) are not simple stellar populations (SSP), i. e. systems where all the stars share the same age and chemical composition, but that most of them host multiple stellar populations. The multiple populations (MPs... |
2,877,628,088,735 | arxiv | \section{Diophantine approximation on submanifolds of $\R^n$.} A vector $x \in \R^n$ is called \emph{extremal} (or \emph{not very well approximable}), if for every $\varepsilon>0$ there is $c_\varepsilon>0$ such that
$$|q \cdot x + p| > \frac{c_\varepsilon }{\|q\|^{n+ \varepsilon}} $$
for all $p \in \Z$ and all $q ... |
2,877,628,088,736 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{O}{rthogonal} Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems are widely used and their signals are generated by Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation (IFFT) \cite{ofdmcdma}. One advantage for OFDM systems is that OFDM systems can deal with multi-path delay. Since OFDM systems are impl... |
2,877,628,088,737 | arxiv | \section{Model}
Our model adopts the widely used two-stage pipelined approach for passage retrieval \cite{multi-stage-bert,rethink_bert_reranker, duoT5}, which consists of a retrieval stage and a reranking stage. While many prior works have shown its effectiveness, they use either a sparse model (e.g., BM25) or a dens... |
2,877,628,088,738 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Boltzmann equation, introduced by L. Boltzmann \cite{boltzmann} and J.C. Maxwell \cite{maxwell} describes the time evolution of the probability density of a rarefied, monoatomic gas in thermal non-equilibrium in $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $d\geq 2$. The Boltzmann equation accurately describes very... |
2,877,628,088,739 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The so-called TTbar deformations \cite{Smirnov:2016lqw,Cavaglia:2016oda} of two-dimensional quantum field theories (QFTs) has brought about a renewed interest to UV properties of Renormalization Group (RG) flows generated by higher dimensional (a.k.a. ``irrelevant'') operators. T... |
2,877,628,088,740 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
A low-noise, stable magnetic field is useful in a broad range of scientific fields.
Atom interferometry and microgravity~\cite{kubelka-langeThreelayerMagneticShielding2016,zoestBoseEinsteinCondensationMicrogravity2010},
electron microscopy~\cite{krivanekElectronMicroscopeAberrationc... |
2,877,628,088,741 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
The study of electromagnetic excitations localized on
metal-dielectric interfaces, or surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs),
has become of essential importance due to its potentiality for the
implementation of sub-wavelength photonic
circuits.\cite{Ebbesen_Nature_03,Plasmon_devices_... |
2,877,628,088,742 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Continuum robots (CRs) are inspired by biological appendages such as octopus arms, elephant trunk, and monkey's tail \cite{walker2013continuous}. These robots are made of soft, elastic, compliant, and lightweight materials together with some rigid elements \cite{nazari2019forwar... |
2,877,628,088,743 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\IsPreprint}{1}
\newcommand{\select}[1]{
\ifnum \IsPreprint=1
#1
\fi
}
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0}
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.95}
\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{0.95}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2}
\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0... |
2,877,628,088,744 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In late 19th century, due to the outstanding contribution of its founding fathers, Boltzmann, Maxwell and Gibbs, Statistical Thermodynamics has been successfully introduced as the general conceptual framework for understanding equilibrium thermodynamic phenomena by means of statistical mechanic... |
2,877,628,088,745 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the detection of the first planet orbiting a main sequence star,
51 Peg (Mayor \& Queloz 1995), the radial
velocity (RV) method has become the most successful technique for
detecting exoplanets as the vast majority have thus far been
discovered in this way (Udry \& Santos 2007). This metho... |
2,877,628,088,746 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
We have shown the connection between mutual information estimators and neural network classifiers through the variational form of mutual information. The connection explains the rationale behind the use of sigmoid, softmax and cross-entropy from an information-theoretic perspective. The connect... |
2,877,628,088,747 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{}key issue for power-system planning is the contribution of renewable and other emerging energy resources to meeting demand reliably. Mechanical failures, planned maintenance, or lack of generating resource in real-time may leave a system with insufficient capac... |
2,877,628,088,748 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\input{Sections/Introduction}
\section{Motivating Example}
\label{sec:example}
\input{Sections/example}
\section{Overview}
\label{overview}
\input{Sections/Overview}
\section{Data Preparation}
\label{sec:data-preparation}
\input{Sections/DataCollection}
\section{Proposed... |
2,877,628,088,749 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The naturality and adequacy of the language of gerbe theory in the setting of the mechanics of the topologically charged bosonic loop, captured by the two-dimensional non-linear $\sigma$-model, and the efficiency of its higher-geometric, cohomological and categorial methods in the canonical des... |
2,877,628,088,750 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introqp}
\subsection{Quasi-projectivit\'e d'espaces de modules}
La question de la quasi-projectivit\'e des espaces de modules de vari\'et\'es al\-g\'e\-briques a \'et\'e
r\'evolutionn\'ee par Mumford qui a d\'evelopp\'e pour l'\'etudier la th\'eorie g\'eom\'etrique des invariants.
Cett... |
2,877,628,088,751 | arxiv | \section{Summary}
\textit{PyExperimenter}\footnote{\textit{PyExperimenter} repository: \url{https://github.com/tornede/py_experimenter}} is a tool to facilitate the setup, documentation, execution, and subsequent evaluation of results from an empirical study of algorithms and in particular is designed to reduce the in... |
2,877,628,088,752 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.1 cm}
\IEEEPARstart{D}{eep}
learning, especially deep neural networks~\cite{lecun2015deep,graves2013speech,bengio2009learning,tompson2014joint} have shown considerable promise through tremendous results in recent years, significantly improving the accuracy of a variety of challenging ... |
2,877,628,088,753 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations}
The Navier-Stokes equations are a fundamental mathematical model of incompressible viscous fluid flow, which consists of a system of equations
\begin{equation}\label{eq:NSE}
\begin{cases}
\partial_t u - \Delta u + \D( u... |
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