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2,877,628,088,754
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Here I consider the problem of establishing the identifiability of the standard parametrisation of a generalized linear mixed mode (GLMM). The concept of identifiability that I use here is the following (see Bickel and Dokuson, 1977, page 60, Lehman 1983 and J{\o}rgesen and Labouriau 2012). Con...
2,877,628,088,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has long been known that on-shell gauge invariance can be utilized to obtain universal soft behaviours of scattering amplitudes for photons and gravitons. Gauge invariance dictates that the amplitude must vanish when one of its polarization vector/tensor is replaced by the momenta. Taking one ...
2,877,628,088,756
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} \indent From the first attempts in the nineteenth century to account for the effects of randomness in nature, fluctuations have been recognized as a fundamental component in the description of several physical, chemical and biological systems \cite{Gardiner, Nelson, VanKampen}. ...
2,877,628,088,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Gideon and Rothan (2011), the use of correlation coefficients (CC) was related to existing optimal linear estimation of variation or scale on ordered data. Another paper, Gideon (2012), gives Correlation Estimation System (CES) examples in many areas: simple linear regression, scale equatio...
2,877,628,088,758
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} A standard way to describe a $d$-dimensional field theory at {the} classical level is through an action which is the integral of a Lagrangian over a $d$-dimensional manifold ${\cal M}$. For physical theories, ${\cal M}$ is typically a Lorentzian manifold which may have a codimension ...
2,877,628,088,759
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much of the evolution of galaxies takes place in the group environment. Despite the small number of galaxies a typical group contains compared to a cluster, the role of galaxy groups in the construction of large-scale structures is fundamental. With approximately 70\% of galaxies located in gr...
2,877,628,088,760
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Extensive spectropolarimetric surveys have revealed that $7\% $ of massive OB stars host an observable surface magnetic field \citep{morel2015,fossati2015,wade2016,grunhut2017,shultz2018}. These fields are strong (on the order of kG), mostly dipolar, stable on long time-scales, and are understood...
2,877,628,088,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The field of reinforcement learning (RL) involves an agent interacting with an environment, maximizing a cumulative reward \citep{puterman2014markov}. As RL becomes more instrumental in real-world applications \citep{lazic2018data,kiran2021deep,mandhane2022muzero}, exogenous inputs beyond the pr...
2,877,628,088,762
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction} We present a measurement of the cross section $\sigma(p\bar{p} \to Z/\gamma^{*}\mbox{ }Z/\gamma^{*})$ at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$~TeV, using events where each $Z/\gamma^{*}$ results in two charged leptons. Because the branching fraction of the $Z$ boson to charged leptons is...
2,877,628,088,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} concept of {\em linear complementary dual} (LCD) codes was introduced by Massey in 1992 \cite{M}, and they have interesting applications in communication systems, cryptography, and data storage. In particular, Carlet et al. \cite{BCCGM, CG2,CG1} found a new application of bin...
2,877,628,088,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction and overview} \label{sec:intro} A multivariate normal distribution is determined by its covariance matrix and its mean vector. So for a fixed $n\geq 1$, the family $\domain{N}$ of $n$-variate normal distributions is a differentiable manifold which can be identified with the product of the space o...
2,877,628,088,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Path integrals are widely used in various fields of physics \cite{{Feynman},{Schulman},{Kleinert},{Swanson}}. They are thought to be particularly suited to semi-classsical evaluation of quantum mechanical transition amplitudes (or partition functions), since apparently they can incorporate a ...
2,877,628,088,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modeling in computer vision has long been dominated by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Recently, transformer models in the field of natural language processing (NLP) \cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1810-04805,NIPS2017-3f5ee243,10.1145/3437963.3441667} have attracted great interests of compute...
2,877,628,088,767
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Initializing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) correctly is crucial for trainability and convergence. In the recent years, there has been remarkable progress in tackling the problem of exploding and vanishing gradients. One line of work utilizes the convergence of DNNs to Gaussian Processes in the lim...
2,877,628,088,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par Jackiw--Teitelboim (JT) gravity \cite{Teitelboim83, Jackiw84} is a two-dimensional (2D) topological quantum gravitational theory that is considered on Riemann surfaces, possibly with boundaries. When the Riemann surfaces have asymptotic boundaries, the quantum fluctuations or ``wiggles'' alo...
2,877,628,088,769
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} $N=2$ susy gauge theories possess an important holomorphicity property. The low-energy effective action of the $SU(2)$ theory e.g. is characterized by a holomorphic function ${\cal F}(a)$, or actually by two such functions $a(u)$ and $a_D(u)={\cal F}'(a(u))$. Knowledge of these two functions com...
2,877,628,088,770
arxiv
\section*{Statement of Changes} \title{Learning Safe, Generalizable Perception-based Hybrid Control with Certificates} \author{Charles Dawson$^{1}$, Bethany Lowenkamp$^{2}$, Dylan Goff$^1$, and Chuchu Fan$^{1}$% \thanks{Manuscript received: September 9, 2021; Revised November 23, 2021; Accepted Decembe...
2,877,628,088,771
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X_1, \dots, X_n$ be independent uniform random variables on $[0,1]^2$. Let $d(x,y) = \Vert x - y \Vert_2$ be the Euclidean distance. Let $L(X_1, \dots, X_n)$ be the distance of the optimal Traveling Salesman tour through these points, under distance $d(\cdot, \cdot)$. In seminal work, Beard...
2,877,628,088,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} {Active sensing} consists of controlling the sensor state to gather (more) informative observations~\cite{radmard2017active} or to accomplish a task (e.g., find a target within a certain time budget~\cite{MTS_Rinner}). This control framework has been largely used to solve autono...
2,877,628,088,773
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Division of labor is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biology. In sufficiently complex multicellular organisms, various tasks necessary for organismal survival (metabolism, nutrient transport, motion, reproduction, information processing, etc.) are performed by distinct parts of the organism \cite{O...
2,877,628,088,774
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \emph{sandwiched surface singularity} is a normal surface singularity that admits a birational morphism to $\mathbb{C}^2$. Sandwiched surface singularities are introduced and classified in Spivakovsky~\cite{Spivakovsky-1990}. Sandwiched surface singularities are rational singularities and they...
2,877,628,088,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A polynomial in variables $x_1,\dots,x_n$ is \emph{symmetric} if permuting the variables does not change it. Another way to view symmetric polynomials is as invariant polynomials under the action of the symmetric group. A natural generalization of symmetric polynomials then arises: if $s_{i,j}$ ...
2,877,628,088,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Generalized grey Brownian motion (ggBm) is a two-parameter stochastic process $B_{\alpha,\beta}$, which is in general not Gaussian. Introduced in~\cite{MuMa09,MuPa08}, ggBm has been considered in the physics literature to model anomalous diffusions with non-Gaussian marginals, including both slo...
2,877,628,088,777
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} In the U.S. more than $375,000$ deaths are associated with heart diseases each year \cite{american2015heart}. Early diagnosis of heart disease can reduce the mortality rate and provide useful information on proper therapies. Several noninvasive techniques have been used to characteriz...
2,877,628,088,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The history of $\kappa$-{\em deformation} has begun in 1992 with the work of J. Lukierski, A. Nowicki and H. Ruegg \cite{LNR}, where this deformation of the enveloping algebra of Poincar\'{e} Group appeared for the first time. Next important step was the paper by S. Majid and H. Ruegg in...
2,877,628,088,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The mass transport (MT) process in astrophysical environments has relevance for different phenomena in our Universe. It is important for planet formation in proto-planetary discs, it triggers the AGN activity associated to super massive black hole (SMBH) accretion at high redshift and it is resp...
2,877,628,088,780
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite their remarkable successes, both the Standard Model of Particle Physics and the Standard Model of Cosmology face multiple open questions. Examples include the origin and composition of dark matter, the origin of dark energy, the evolution of the Universe during the first minute after the...
2,877,628,088,781
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although deep neural networks have achieved significant success on a variety of challenging machine learning tasks, including state-of-the-art accuracy on large-scale image classification \cite{he2016identity,huang2017densely}, the discovery of adversarial examples \cite{szegedy2013intriguing} ...
2,877,628,088,782
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large dimensional random matrices play important roles in high dimensional statistics and machine learning theory. Given a data matrix $Y,$ researchers are interested in understanding the behavior of the singular values and vectors of $Y,$ or equivalently, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of $YY^...
2,877,628,088,783
arxiv
\section[#1]{#2}} \def\pr {\noindent {\it Proof.} } \def\rmk {\noindent {\it Remark} } \def\n{\nabla} \def\bn{\overline\nabla} \def\ir#1{\mathbb R^{#1}} \def\hh#1{\Bbb H^{#1}} \def\ch#1{\Bbb {CH}^{#1}} \def\cc#1{\Bbb C^{#1}} \def\f#1#2{\frac{#1}{#2}} \def\qq#1{\Bbb Q^{#1}} \def\cp#1{\Bbb {CP}^{#1}} \def\q...
2,877,628,088,784
arxiv
\section{Approach} \label{sec:approach} The following presents the components of \name{} outlined in the previous section in more detail. \subsection{Dynamic Analysis of Assignments} \label{subsec:data_extraction} The goal of this component is to gather name-value pairs from a corpus of programs. Our analysis focus...
2,877,628,088,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Text-to-speech (TTS) and Voice Conversion (VC) are technologies that generate speech with a target voice from a text or a source utterance input. Recent studies have shown that we can clone new voices for these speech generation systems using a small amount of speech data either with or without ...
2,877,628,088,786
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we want to point out the similarities between the dynamics of vector fields in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and those of reaction-diffusion equations on bounded domains. More precisely, we consider the following classes of equations.\\[2mm] {\noindent \bf Class of vector fields}\\ Let $d\geq ...
2,877,628,088,787
arxiv
\section{Electronic Submission} \label{submission} Submission to ICML 2023 will be entirely electronic, via a web site (not email). Information about the submission process and \LaTeX\ templates are available on the conference web site at: \begin{center} \textbf{\texttt{http://icml.cc/}} \end{center} The guidelines b...
2,877,628,088,788
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} In this paper, we considered the problem of distributed decision-making in multi-agent systems (via potential games) with an emphasis on the impact of realistic communication links. We showed how to extend the current literature on potential games with binary log-linear learning to account for s...
2,877,628,088,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Harder's reduction theory (\cite{Harder:1968}, \cite{Harder:1969}) provides filtrations of Euclidean buildings that allow one to deduce cohomological (\cite{Harder:1977}) and homological (\cite{Stuhler:1980}, \cite{Bux/Wortman}) properties of $S$-arithmetic groups over global function fields. In...
2,877,628,088,790
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} During the past two decades, cosmological observations have achieved a remarkable degree of precision. Measurements of Type~Ia supernovae~\cite{Riess:2016jrr}, the cosmic microwave background (CMB)~\cite{Planck2018VI}, and large scale structure~\cite{SDSS14,Samushia:2013yga}, in...
2,877,628,088,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The isotropy of the cosmic expansion is well-constrained for the early universe, particularly by Cosmic Microwave Background observations, and is a basic tenet of physical cosmology. The change from a matter-dominated to a dark energy-dominated universe in recent times, however, raises the po...
2,877,628,088,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of $\imath$crystals associated to a quantum symmetric pair $(\U,\Ui)$ of certain quasi-split type. This study is motivated by the theory of canonical bases for quantum symmetric pairs (also known as the theory of $\imath$canonical bases) initiated...
2,877,628,088,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In their seminal paper \citet{abrams:mtd03} developed a simple ODE model, \begin{equation}\label{e:i1} \dot{u}=(1-u)u^p-Au(1-u)^p, \end{equation} to help understand language competition and the decline in the number of people who speak such historic languages as Welsh, Quechua, and Scotti...
2,877,628,088,794
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The classical Schwarz-Pick lemma \cite{Pic15} states that every holomorphic map from the unit disc $D$ of $\mathbb{C}$ into itself is distance-decreasing with respect to the Poincar\'e metric. This was later generalized by Ahlfors \cite{Ahl38} to holomorphic maps from the unit disc ...
2,877,628,088,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems, operating in frequency bands of 30-300 GHz, are considered as a promising technology for 5G and beyond cellular systems to achieve a high data rate thanks to wide frequency bands \cite{6G}. Due to the large isotropic path loss, ...
2,877,628,088,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} Suppose that we observe $(x_1, y_1), \ldots, (x_n, y_n)$ where $x_i=(x_{i1}, \ldots, x_{ip})^t$ is a $p$-dimensional predictor and $y_i$ is the response variable. We consider a standard linear model for each of $n$ observations $$ y _i= \sum_{j=1}^p \beta_j x_{ij} +\epsilon_...
2,877,628,088,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent progress in nano-technology has attracted much interest in studying quantum transport in mesoscopic systems. Among others, a quantum dot (QD) \cite{Kouwen} has played an important role to reveal correlation effects in the nanoscale systems. In particular, the observation \cite{Gold,Cronen}...
2,877,628,088,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theory of the strong interaction, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), has a global chiral $U(N_{f})_{R} \times U(N_{f})_{L}$ symmetry, for $N_{f}$ flavors of massless quarks. This symmetry is spontaneously broken in the vacuum, which has important consequences for hadron phenomenology. Due to...
2,877,628,088,799
arxiv
\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.3 ex plus .2ex}{\centering\large\bf}{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{2.3 ex plus .2ex}{\centering\large\bf}} \makeatother \theoremstyle{plain} \newtheorem{theorem}{\noindent\bf Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{lemma}[theo...
2,877,628,088,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} With the development of observational tools and techniques, we are gaining a better understanding of the gas surrounding galaxies, known as the circumgalactic medium (CGM; see \citealt{2017ARA&A..55..389T} for a recent review). The CGM and the intracluster medium (ICM) in galax...
2,877,628,088,801
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nano-mechanical resonators are actively and widely investigated \cite{prm,rew_nm}. Their importance for ultra-light mass detection, ultra-small displacements or very small force measurements is now well recognized \cite{rew_nm} (and references therein). Significant contributions were achieved t...
2,877,628,088,802
arxiv
\section{Introduction} F-theory \cite{Vafa:1996xn} is a powerful tool to engineer gauge theories appearing in type IIB string theory and in the hetorotic string theory using the geometry of elliptic fibrations \cite{Morrison:1996na, Bershadsky:1996nh}. When the structure of an elliptic fibration is seen through the...
2,877,628,088,803
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lattice QCD is a powerful method to study Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in a nonperturbative way. In lattice QCD, a path integral is directly evaluated on a discrete space-time lattice by means of the Monte Carlo method. As computer technology advances PC clusters can also be used for lattice...
2,877,628,088,804
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Turbulent flows are known to be significantly affected by rotation. Many geophysicists, astrophysicists, meteorologists, and engineers are interested in the effects of rotation on turbulence. In a rapidly rotating fluid, the well known Taylor-Proudman theorem suggests that a fl...
2,877,628,088,805
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stochastic interacting particle systems with cyclic structure, sometimes called stochastic Lotka-Volterra (LV) systems or rock-paper-scissors games, play an important role in modelling in a large variety of different fields: ecology and population dynamics \cite{BM15,BRSF09,CFM06,M10}, evolutiona...
2,877,628,088,806
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the field of spintronics \cite{Igor,Hirohata,Taniyama,Yuasa}, spin-based logic devices using semiconductors have so far been proposed theoretically \cite{Tanaka,Saito_TSF,Saito_JEC,Dery_Nature}. To achieve these concepts, electrical spin injection, transport, and detection in semiconductors h...
2,877,628,088,807
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The last decade has seen an increasing interest in the study of out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics at the micro- and nanoscale. Such interest is impelled by the development of quantum technology and experimental control methods at small scales. In this scenario energy fluctuations play an imp...
2,877,628,088,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Recently, neural transducer based end-to-end (E2E) models \cite{Graves-RNNSeqTransduction, he2019streaming, attentionisallyouneed, yeh2019transformer, TT, Li2019RNNT, battenberg2017exploring,chiu2018state, Li2020comparison, xiechen, E2EOverview}, such as recurrent neural netwo...
2,877,628,088,809
arxiv
\section*{Author Summary} The key to the genesis of migraine with aura is a traveling wave phenomenon called cortical spreading depression (SD). Migraine is characterized by recurrent episodes, the aura phase usually lasts only about 30$\,$min. Thus, SD is a transient state. During its course, SD massively perturbs t...
2,877,628,088,810
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Brascamp--Lieb inequality is a far-reaching common generalisation of well-known multilinear functional inequalities on euclidean spaces, such as the H\"older, Loomis--Whitney and Young convolution inequalities. It is typically written in the form \begin{equation}\label{BL} \int_{H} \prod_{j=1...
2,877,628,088,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many-body systems with dipolar interactions have attracted a lot of attention recently. Unlike the properties of ultracold atomic alkali vapors, which can be described to a very good approximation by a single scattering quantity (the $s$-wave scattering length), those of dipolar gases addition...
2,877,628,088,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Let $\ground$ be a field and fix an integer $m\geq 1$. Following \cite{ST}, we consider the path algebra $\ground\quiv$ of the quiver $\quiv$ with $m$ vertices $\{0,1,\ldots, m-1\}$ and $2m$ arrows given by $(a_i: i \rightarrow i+1)$ and $(\ol{a}_i: i+1 \rightarrow i)$ for $i\...
2,877,628,088,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $P$ be a set of $m$ distinct points in $\reals^3$ and let $L$ be a set of $n$ distinct lines in $\reals^3$. Let $I(P,L)$ denote the number of incidences between the points of $P$ and the lines of $L$; that is, the number of pairs $(p,\ell)$ with $p\in P$, $\ell\in L$, and $p\in\ell$. I...
2,877,628,088,814
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{AnotherPresentation} W. van der Kallen proved that the linear Steinberg group \(\stlin(n, K)\) over a commutative ring \(K\) is a central extension of the elementary linear group \(\elin(n, K)\) if \(n \geq 4\). More precisely, he showed that the Steinberg group admits a more invarian...
2,877,628,088,815
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A quantitative description of the nature of strongly bound systems is of great importance for an improved understanding of the fundamental structure and origin of matter. One of the most promising ways to access information on the dynamical structure of the nucleon is through exclusive reaction...
2,877,628,088,816
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The sharp increase in uses of video-conferencing creates both a need and an opportunity to better understand these conversations \citep{kim2019review}. In post-event applications, analyzing conversations can give feedback to improve communication skills \citep{hoque2013mach, naim2015automa...
2,877,628,088,817
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} Transversity quark distributions in the nucleon remain among the most unknown leading twist hadronic observables. This is mostly due to their chiral odd character which enforces their decoupling in most hard amplitudes. After the pioneering studies \cite{tra}, much work...
2,877,628,088,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth, trim=3.5cm 3.5cm 6cm 3.2cm, ,clip]{images/schema.pdf} \end{center} \caption{\textbf{Conventional technology-mediated persuasion (left) compared to \emph{latent persuasion} by language models (right).} In conventional ...
2,877,628,088,819
arxiv
\section{\toolname: Algorithm} \label{sec:algo} \begin{figure}[h] \centering \includegraphics[width=0.6\columnwidth]{plots/our-architecture.pdf} \caption{\toolname's architecture.} \label{fig:our-architecture} \end{figure} \Cref{fig:our-architecture} shows the architecture of \toolname. We train a mo...
2,877,628,088,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When a large population of limit cycle oscillators with slightly different natural frequencies are coupled, they often come to oscillate with an identical frequency. Such collective synchronization phenomena have been observed in various oscillatory systems in physics, biology, chemistry, and ...
2,877,628,088,821
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are increasing evidences that the Universe is expanding with acceleration and the transition from decelerated expansion to accelerating expansion happened in the recent past. The transition redshift $z_T>0.2$, we use the subscript $T$ to denote the transition throughout this paper. These re...
2,877,628,088,822
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A large number of systems in optics and atomic physics feature a dual-core (double-well) structure, based on an effective potential in the form of a symmetric set of two minima (wells). The wells are linked by the tunneling of optical waves or matter waves, trapped in them, across the barri...
2,877,628,088,823
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{secIntroduction} It was first proposed by Cachazo, He and Yuan (CHY)~\cite{Cachazo:2013iaa,Cachazo:2013gna,Cachazo:2013hca,Cachazo:2013iea} that the tree-level scattering amplitudes of many massless theories are supported by the solutions to the scattering equations \begin{equation} \labe...
2,877,628,088,824
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout the paper $R$ will denote a commutative ring. In \cite{Nee} Neeman gives a new description of the homotopy category $\mathbf{K}(\mathrm{Proj}(R))$ as a quotient of $\mathbf{K}(\mathrm{Flat}(R))$. The main advantage of the new description is that it does not involve projective object...
2,877,628,088,825
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{D}{omain} adaptation (DA) aims to learn a discriminative classifier in the presence of a shift between training data in source domain and test data in target domain \cite{Ben_DA_bounds,GaninL15,XiaoG15,Kun_zhang_multi_source,Kun_zhang_TCS,stojanov2019data}....
2,877,628,088,826
arxiv
\section*{Contents} \renewcommand{\labelenumii}{\Roman{enumii}} \begin{enumerate} \item Abstract \item Introduction \item CNN Architecture \item Implementation details \item Results \item References \end{enumerate} \section{Abstract} We propose novel methods of solving two tasks using Convolutiona...
2,877,628,088,827
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Currently several gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO~\cite{LIGO:2007kva,LIGO_web}, Virgo~\cite{VIRGO_FAcernese_etal2008,VIRGO_web} or GEO~\cite{GEO_web} are already operating, while several others are in the planning or construction phase~\cite{Schutz99}. One of the most promising source...
2,877,628,088,828
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nature of the obscuration that defines Seyfert-2 AGN remains a matter of study. The obscuring gas and dust may be associated with a distant, parsec-scale torus that covers about half of the sky, as seen from the central engine (e.g., Antonucci 1993). However, the obscuration could originate...
2,877,628,088,829
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent In the Earth's outer core, turbulent motions of the electrically conducting fluid sustains the geomagnetic field through dynamo action. Part of this field, the poloidal one, crosses the mantle and can be observed at the Earth's surface and above. Because of the low conductivity of th...
2,877,628,088,830
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Vector equilibrium problem is a unified model of several problems, for instance, vector variational inequalities and vector optimization problems. For further relevant information on this topic, the reader is referred to the following recent publications available in our bibliography: [1-7]...
2,877,628,088,831
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The rearrangement of the multiplet structure of elementary fields in Gauge\-+Higgs models in the process of symmetry breaking is one of the most fundamental concepts upon which the Standard Model of elementary particle interactions is built \cite{higgs64,higgs66}. The transmutation of the pseudo-...
2,877,628,088,832
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Let $M$ be an oriented $3$-manifold, $R=\mathbb{Z}[u^{\pm1},z^{\pm1}]$, $\mathcal{L}$ the set of all oriented links in $M$ up to ambient isotopy in $M$ and let $S$ the submodule of $R\mathcal{L}$ generated by the skein expressions $u^{-1}L_{+}-uL_{-}-zL_{0}$, where $L_{+}$, $L_{-}$ ...
2,877,628,088,833
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Laakso spaces are introduced in \cite{Laakso2000} as a quotient space of the cartesian product of the unit interval with the middle thirds Cantor set, and in \cite{ST08} it is shown that such spaces can be constructed as the projective limit of quantum graphs, verifying a comment in \cite{Barlow...
2,877,628,088,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Strong gravitational lensing by galaxies enables the study of distant sources and luminous and dark matter in galaxies over a range of redshifts. When the source is a quasar, its multiple images give a wealth of information on: the source central engine and the stellar content of the lens, via m...
2,877,628,088,835
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The probabilistic notion of independence underlies several key concepts in ergodic theory as means for expressing randomness or indeterminism. Strong mixing, weak mixing, and ergodicity all capture the idea of asymptotic independence, the first in a strict sense and the second two in a mean sens...
2,877,628,088,836
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section1} This paper is devoted to the study of the boundedness of the curl of solutions to a semilinear system in a bounded and convex domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$: \begin{equation}\label{1.1} \begin{cases} \curl\left(|\curl\mathbf u|^{p-2}\curl\mathbf u\right)={\bm f} &\text{\rm in }...
2,877,628,088,837
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multicomponent flows appear in many applications including sedimentation, dialysis, electrolysis, and ion transport \cite{WeKr99}. These flows may be described by Euler or Euler-Korteweg equations for the various species, coupled through interaction forces proportional to the difference of the ...
2,877,628,088,838
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Central compact objects (CCOs) constitute a group of X-ray-emitting, radio-quiet neutron stars found near the centers of supernova remnants (SNRs). To date, X-ray pulsations have been firmly detected from only three CCOs. They have relatively long spin periods ($0.1-0.4$ s), and long-term m...
2,877,628,088,839
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Face recognition (FR) is now one of the most well-studied problems in the area of computer vision and pattern recognition. The rapid progress in face recognition accuracy can be attributed to developments in deep neural network models~\cite{he2016deep,huang2017densely,simonyan2014very,tan2019...
2,877,628,088,840
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although we often work with user-labeled data, and we can quantify inter-annotator agreement -- we often do not know what these agreement scores mean in terms of our target measures, like mean average precision (mAP), or F1. What does an agreement of 70\% allow for us to understand on this datas...
2,877,628,088,841
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a set $S$ of $n$ points in the plane, we say a line $l$ is a spanning line of $S$ (or $l$ is spanned by $S$) if $l$ contains at least two distinct points of $S$. The following theorem was proposed by Erd\H{o}s and proved by Beck in \cite{Beck}: \begin{thm}\label{Erdos-Beck} [Erd\H{o}s...
2,877,628,088,842
arxiv
\section{The image of $\mathrm{tmf}_*\mathrm{tmf}$ in $\mathrm{TMF}_*\mathrm{TMF}_\mathbb{Q}$: two variable modular forms}\label{sec:2var} \subsection{Review of Laures's work on cooperations} \emph{In this brief subsection, we do \emph{not} work $2$-locally, but integrally.} For $N > 1$, the spectrum $\mathrm{TMF}_1...
2,877,628,088,843
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The production of an electroweak boson at large transverse momentum is arguably the most basic hard-scattering process at hadron colliders. In fact, it was one of the first for which the next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative corrections were computed \cite{Ellis:1981hk,Arnold:1988dp,Gonsalve...
2,877,628,088,844
arxiv
\section{} Let $S$ be a scheme and let $f: G\to S$ be a finite flat finitely presented $S$-group scheme. The \emph{order}, or \emph{rank}, of $G$, namely, the rank of the locally free $\mathcal{O}_S$-module of finite type $f_*\mathcal{O}_G$, is a locally constant function on $S$. We say that $G$ is of \emph{prime orde...
2,877,628,088,845
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let $p\in\C[t,x,y]$ be a homogeneous polynomial of degree $d\ge 1$. A \emph{(linear symmetric) determinantal representation} of $p$ is an expression \[ p=\det(tM_1+xM_2+yM_3) \] where $M_1,M_2,M_3$ are complex symmetric matrices of size $d\times d$. Determinantal representations of plane curve...
2,877,628,088,846
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a striking paper, Groenewold \cite{gr} showed that one cannot ``consistently'' quantize all polynomials in the classical positions $q^i$ and momenta $p_i$ on $\Bbb R^{2n}.$ Subsequently Van Hove \cite{vh1,vh2} refined and extended Groenewold's result, in effect showing that there does not exi...
2,877,628,088,847
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbb{k}$ be an arbitrary field, ${\normalfont\mathbb{P}} = {\normalfont\mathbb{P}}_\mathbb{k}^{m_1} \times_\mathbb{k} \cdots \times_\mathbb{k} {\normalfont\mathbb{P}}_\mathbb{k}^{m_p}$ be a multiprojective space over $\mathbb{k}$, and $X \subseteq {\normalfont\mathbb{P}}$ be a closed sub...
2,877,628,088,848
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many combinatorial optimization problems are ${\cal NP}$-hard, and the theory of ${\cal NP}$-completeness has reduced hopes that ${\cal NP}$-{\it hard} problems can be solved within polynomial bounded computation times. Nevertheless, sub-optimal solutions are sometimes easy to find. Consequently...
2,877,628,088,849
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When searching for new physics, a discovery claim is made if the data collected by the experiment provides sufficient statistical evidence in favor of the new phenomenon. If the background and signal distributions are specified correctly, this can be done by means of statistical tests of hypoth...
2,877,628,088,850
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formation and evolution of the Milky Way disk is one of the outstanding questions facing Galactic archaeology today \citep{2002ARA&A..40..487F}. However, new observational data are providing avenues to resolve this longstanding question. With the advent of the \textit{Gaia} satellite \citep{2...
2,877,628,088,851
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Sorting $n$ real values stored in an array $\mathbf{x}=(x_1,\dots,x_n)\in\mathbb{R}^n$ requires finding a permutation $\sigma$ in the symmetric group $\mathcal{S}_n$ such that $\mathbf{x}_\sigma:=(x_{\sigma_1},\dots, x_{\sigma_n})$ is increasing. A call to a sorting procedure ...
2,877,628,088,852
arxiv
\section{\textbf{Introduction and Preliminaries}} \label{sec:intro} Fixed-point theory has been extensively studied by various aspects. One of these is the discontinuity problem at fixed points (see \cit {Bisht-2017-1, Bisht-2017-2, Bisht-3, Bisht and Rakocevic, Bisht-Tbilisi, Bisht 2019, PantA, Pant, Pant-Ozgur-T...
2,877,628,088,853
arxiv
\section{The elliptic function $\dd$} \medbreak Fix $\kappa \in (0, 1)$ as modulus, with corresponding (acute) modular angle $\alpha \in (0, \tfrac{1}{2} \pi)$ defined by $\sin \alpha = \kappa$ and with complementary modulus $\lambda \in (0, 1)$ defined by $\lambda = (1 - \kappa^2)^{1/2}$. The rule $$f(T) = \i...