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2,877,628,089,554 | arxiv | \section{Dataset details and preparations}
\label{sec:appendix-datasets}
\subsection{WikiBio}
The WikiBio corpus \citep{lebret2016neural} comprises $728,321$ biography-infobox pairs from English Wikipedia (dumped in 2015). The task consists of generating the first sentence of a biography conditioned on the structured i... |
2,877,628,089,555 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
The homogeneous spaces $G/H$, where $G$ is a compact connected Lie
group and $H$ is its closed connected subgroup of maximal rank are
classical manifolds, which play significant role in many areas of
mathematics. They can be characterized as homogeneous spaces with
positive Euler characteristic... |
2,877,628,089,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) through the non-vanishing
expectation value $\langle \Phi \rangle \neq$ 0 of a
self-interacting scalar field $\Phi(x)$ is the essential ingredient
to generate the particle masses in the Standard Model. This old idea
\cite{Higgs:1964ia,Englert:1964et} of a fund... |
2,877,628,089,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The advent of ubiquitous large-scale distributed systems advocates that tolerance to various kinds of faults and hazards must be included from the very early design of such systems. \emph{Self-stabilization}~\cite{D74j,D00b,T09bc} is a versatile technique that permits forward recovery from any k... |
2,877,628,089,558 | arxiv |
\subsection{Compute-Data Co-location Algorithm}
\label{subsec:algorithm}
In traditional GPUs, thread-blocks can be scheduled in any order, as they are supposed to run concurrently.
The number of thread-blocks that can be run together in one SM is determined by thread-block resource constraints.
Normally, the thread-... |
2,877,628,089,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In molecular communication, signals are conveyed from transmitter to receiver in patterns of molecules, which propagate via Brownian motion; see \cite{Nakano2013c}. For example, information can be conveyed in the quantity of molecules. A single bit $\{0,1\}$ may be transmitted by releasing zer... |
2,877,628,089,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Automatic evaluation of natural language generation (NLG) is a complex task due to multiple acceptable outcomes.
Apart from manual human evaluation, most recent works in NLG are evaluated using word-overlap-based metrics such as BLEU \cite{gkatzia_snapshot_2015}, which compute ... |
2,877,628,089,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
New fundamental, massive, neutral, spin-1 gauge bosons ($Z'$) appear ubiquitously in theories Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The strongest limits for such a state generally exist for the $e^+e^-$ and $\mu^+\mu^-$ signatures, known collectively as Drell-Yan (DY). Howeve... |
2,877,628,089,562 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of pseudodifferential operators has proven to be a powerful tool in many disciplines of mathematics.
The space of conormal distributions was designed to contain the Schwartz kernels of pseudodifferential operators with H\"ormander symbols, see \cite[Chapter~18.2]{Hormander0}.
Con... |
2,877,628,089,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{section intro}}
Feature selection is indispensable for predicting clinical or biological outcomes from microbiome data as researchers are often interested in identifying the most relevant microbial features associated with a given outcome. This task can be particularly challenging in micr... |
2,877,628,089,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Theoretical models of the UV line-driven winds of hot stars \citep{1988ApJ...335..914O}
predict that internal instabilities should produce
high-density clumps and low-density voids, as the hypersonic acceleration cannot be maintained smoothly.
Also, in CAK theory \citep*{1975ApJ...195..157C},
the... |
2,877,628,089,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph{}
The surprising discovery of the Bartnik-McKinnon (BM) non-trivial particle-like
structure~\cite{bartnik} in the Einstein-Yang-Mills system
opened many possibilities for the existence of non-trivial
solutions to Einstein-non-Abelian-gauge systems.
Indeed, soon after its discovery, man... |
2,877,628,089,566 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec.introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}he morphological examination of bone marrow cells plays a vital role in the diagnosis of blood diseases. It can identify the morphological characteristics of blood diseases such as acute leukemia, hemolymphoid tumors, and dysplasia\cite{MedicalKnowledge200... |
2,877,628,089,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Strong gravitational lenses are excellent tools for cosmological and
astrophysical studies \citep[see, e.g.,][]{cskreview}. Because of
their utility, an increase in the number of lenses is a highly
desirable goal, especially when the numbers become large enough to
marginalize over hidden parame... |
2,877,628,089,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Light--cone(LC) dominated hard scattering processes, like deep
inelastic scattering
and deeply virtual Compton scattering, and various hadronic
wave functions, e.g.,~vector meson amplitudes, appearing in (semi) exclusive
processes are most effectively described by the help of the {\em nonlocal}... |
2,877,628,089,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
We begin with some notation. Let $[n] = \{ 1,2,3,\cdots, n\}$, which we view as our canonical set of
size $n$. Let $\binom{[n]}{r}$ be the collection of $r$-subsets of $[n]$,
and for $k\leq r$ let $\binom{[k]}{r}$ denote the collection of all $r$-subsets of an
arbitrary set $S\... |
2,877,628,089,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Analog to analog compression}
Analog to analog (A2A) compression of signals has recently gathered interest in information theory \cite{verdu, WV2, montanari, HAT}. In A2A compression, a high dimensional analog signal $x^n \in \mR^n$ is encoded into a lower dimensional analog signal $y... |
2,877,628,089,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Line charts are widely used to represent data in a wide range of documents such as financial forecasts, research publications, and medical reports \cite{kobayashi1999toward,wang2003cost}. Automatic analysis of line charts can facilitate document mining, medical diagnosis, and h... |
2,877,628,089,572 | arxiv |
\section{The BA model with $m=1$}
\ \ \ \ Denote the first-passage probability of the Markov chain
by $f(k,i,t)=P\{k_i(t)=k,\ k_i(l)\neq k,\ l=1,2,\cdots,t-1\}$.
First, the relationship between the first-passage probability and
the vertex degrees is established.
\medskip
\textbf{Lemma 1} For $k>1$,
\begin{eqnarray}
... |
2,877,628,089,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is increasingly clear from observations that
protoplanetary discs are highly structured --- exhibiting gaps,
asymmetries, and spirals --- and thus deviate
significantly from simple smooth disc models (Andrews et al.~2011, Muto et
al.~2012, Perez et al.~2014, Brogan et al.~2015). Besides
these... |
2,877,628,089,574 | arxiv | \chapter*{Preface}
In this thesis, we study deformations of compact holomorphic Poisson manifolds \footnote{For general information of Poisson geometry, see Appendix \ref{appendixa}. A holomorphic Poisson manifold is a complex manifold such that its structure sheaf is a sheaf of Poisson algebras. For more details of d... |
2,877,628,089,575 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Knowing the true effect size of clinical interventions in randomised clinical trials is key to informing the public health policies. Vaccine efficacy is defined in terms of the relative risk or the ratio of two disease risks. However, only approximate methods are available for estimating the varianc... |
2,877,628,089,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Fuchsian differential equation is a linear differential equation whose singularities are all regular.
It frequently appears in a range of problems in mathematics and physics.
For example, the famous Gauss hypergeometric differential equation is a canonical form of the second-order Fuchsian... |
2,877,628,089,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the integrated volatility of a discretely-observed one-dimensional It\^o semimartingale over a finite interval.
The class of It\^o semimartingales has many applications in various area such as neuroscience, physics and finance. Indeed, it incl... |
2,877,628,089,578 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Statisticians and data scientists are often called to manipulate,
analyze, and summarize datasets that present high-dimensional and
elaborate dependency structures. In multiple cases, these large datasets
contain variables characterized by a considerable amount of redundant
inf... |
2,877,628,089,579 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
The temporal fluctuations of spatially averaged (or, global) quantities are of interest in several fields of research including turbulent flows~\cite{Fauve_etal_1993,Niemela_etal_2000,Aumaitre_Fauve_epl_2003,Gerolymos_etal_2014}, nanofluids~\cite{Kakac_Pramuanjaroenkij_2009}, bi... |
2,877,628,089,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Future sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems are expected to rapidly evolve towards an ultra-high speed and low latency with the software-based functionality paradigm \cite{Akyildiz_Thz2018wcm,han2014multi,Sarieddeen2020wcm,chongwenhmimos,MarcoJSAC2020}. Although current millime... |
2,877,628,089,581 | arxiv | \section*{Overview}
This is a summary of the splitting circle method as implemented$^1$ in Pari. The overall idea is to recursively split the polynomial $p(x)$ into two equal-degree factors $F(x), G(x)$ at each step until we reach linear factors which are the roots.
We can divide the algorithm into two parts: determin... |
2,877,628,089,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
Experimental analyses of pedestrian dynamics for behavioural insights or predictive model validation saw a rapid proliferation over the last years~\cite{PhysRevLett.113.238701,johansson2010analysis,helbing2012crowd,johansson2007ACS,helbing2007dynamics}.
Fine-scale t... |
2,877,628,089,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this paper is to study the probability law of the real-valued solution of the following general class of stochastic partial differential equations:
\begin{equation}
L u(t,x) = \sigma(u(t,x)) \dot{W} (t,x) + b(u(t,x)),
\label{1}
\end{equation}
$t \geq 0$, $x\in \mathbb{R}^{d}$, wh... |
2,877,628,089,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The 2D Edwards-Anderson (EA) model in statistical mechanics is defined
by a set $\sigma=\{s_1\ldots s_N\}$ of $N$ Ising spins $s_i=\pm 1$
placed on the nodes of a 2D square lattice, and random interactions
$J_{i,j}$ at the edges, with a Hamiltonian
\[
\mathcal{H} (\sigma) = - \sum_{<i,j>} J_{i,j... |
2,877,628,089,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a long time, the scientific community tried to preserve the classical determinism for quantum events, one of the most relevant and best-structured theories about this theme comes up from the de Broglie-Bohm formulation of the quantum mechanics \cite{HOLLIVRO:93,bricmont2016broglie,sanz2019bo... |
2,877,628,089,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The statistical model has succeeded in the description of the soft
part of particle production in heavy-ion collisions \cite{bib1}.
In particular, particle yield ratios and $p_{T}$ spectra of
identified hadrons have been reproduced with a good accuracy.
Transverse energy ($dE_{T}/d... |
2,877,628,089,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
M82 has been one of the most frequently targeted
candidates for studying sturburst galaxies and
is distinguished by its very high IR luminosity ($L_{IR} = 3 \times 10^{10}L_{\odot}$,
Telesco \& Harper 1980).
A cluster of young supernova remnants has also been observed around the nucleus
of M82 ... |
2,877,628,089,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}}
\label{sec:intro}
\IEEEPARstart{D}{eep} learning, especially deep neural networks (DNNs), has been successfully adopted in widespread applications for its high effectiveness and efficiency \cite{lecun2015deep,feng2020performance,minaee2021image}. In general, obtaining well-performed DNNs is usu... |
2,877,628,089,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A real hypersurface $M^3$ in a 2-dimensional complex manifold (such as $\C^2$) inherits an intrinsic geometric structure from the complex structure of its ambient space. This is called a CR structure and can be thought of as an odd-dimensional version of a complex structure. A more precise defin... |
2,877,628,089,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{D}{ecreasing} the number of required samples for unique representation of a class of signals known as \emph{sparse} has been the subject of extensive research in the past five years. The field of compressed sensing which was first introduced in \cite{Donoho2006} and further in \cite... |
2,877,628,089,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Cooling phenomena are widely used in everyday applications, such as food storage and medical treatment, and also in technology for next-generation electronics, such as hydrogen-fuel cells\cite{Turner-1999,Steele-2001,Schlapbach-2001,Crabtree-2004} and quantum information proces... |
2,877,628,089,592 | arxiv |
\section{How to Use this Template}
\section{Introduction}
In the current understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), short GRBs are produced when two compact objects merge together \cite{npp92,je99,fwh99}, while a long GRB is a result of the collapse of a massive star \cite{le93, w93, mw93}. In both cases, a bipolar ... |
2,877,628,089,593 | arxiv | \section{\label{IntroSec} Introduction}
Ionisation chambers are of great utility for measuring radionuclide activities and half-lives. The chamber outputs a current proportional to the activity of the source inside the chamber, with the constant of proportionality determined by primary calibration methods involving ab... |
2,877,628,089,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The mechanism of core collapse supernovae (ccSNe) remains an open problem
despite over half a century of theoretical effort. In particular, theory
cannot reliably predict which stars that undergo core collapse become
ccSNe or which form black holes instead of neutron st... |
2,877,628,089,595 | arxiv | \chapter*{Abstract}
We formulate new boundary conditions that prove well defined variational principle and finite response functions for conformal gravity (CG).
In the Anti--de Sitter/conformal field theory framework, gravity theory that is considered in the bulk gives information about the corresponding boundary the... |
2,877,628,089,596 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Over the past years, more and more data have been being collected at ever higher frequency that developing efficient pattern-detection methods and data-mining techniques has become very crucial to identify a few highly informative features. In this context, one of the most relevant ... |
2,877,628,089,597 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental Material}
\section{I. More details about the processing procedure of the specific heat data}
In the inset of Fig. 2 in the main text, we fit the low-temperature specific heat data following the procedure in Ref.~\cite{1han_correlated_2016}:
\begin{small}
\begin{equation}
C=Rx\int \frac{d \omega... |
2,877,628,089,598 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\blfootnote{Project webpage will be released.}
Creating presentations is often a work of art. It requires skills to abstract complex concepts and conveys them in a concise and visually pleasing manner. Consider the steps involved in creating presentation slides based on a white paper or manuscri... |
2,877,628,089,599 | arxiv | \section{X-ray spectral modeling}\label{spectral}
In this study, we used all available data obtained from different space-based satellites, covering a time-span
from July 2011 until end of April 2012. Spectra were extracted for all the {\em RXTE}/PCA, {\em Swift}/XRT, {\em Suzaku}/XIS03,
and {\em XMM--Newton}/pn\, d... |
2,877,628,089,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Higher twist terms contribute to the nucleon structure functions at lower scales $Q^2$. The range
in which these terms may be safely neglected against the leading twist contributions, partly depends
on the size of the experimental errors in the respective measurement. Highly precise data at low... |
2,877,628,089,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Motivation}
What is the best way to partition a cake into two pieces for two different people? This question, even when properly quantified, will not have a clear universal answer. However, it is conceivable to pose a number of axioms that one wishes a cake-division rule to satisfy and study... |
2,877,628,089,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the present paper we give a Lie algebraic and differential
geometry derivation of a wide class of multidimensional nonlinear
systems. The systems under consideration are generated by
the zero curvature condition for a connection on a trivial principal
fiber bundle $M \times G \to M$, constrai... |
2,877,628,089,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{General background}
The theory of \emph{cubespaces} and its important subclass of \emph{nilspaces} originated in the work of Host and Kra \cite{HK08} under the name of \emph{parallelepiped structures}, and was developed further by Antolín Camarena and Szegedy \cite{ACS12}. A \emph{c... |
2,877,628,089,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.25em}
Superstring theory is a promising candidate for the quantum gravity.
The theory is consistently defined in 10-dimensional space-time, although we have observed that our universe is 4-dimensional space-time.
The compactification is a mechanism to describe how to effectively realiz... |
2,877,628,089,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cluster analysis is a classical procedure to aggregate elements according to their similarity.
Among the most popular methods to do clustering, we find
the well-known $k$-means
\citep{Lloyd19823} and the partitioning around medoids (PAM) \citep{Kaufmann19873} algorithms.
These two procedures ha... |
2,877,628,089,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A \emph{square} is a nonempty word of the form $XX$. A word $W$ \emph{contains} a square if it can be written as $W=PXXS$, with $X$ nonempty, while $P$ and $S$ possibly empty. Otherwise, $W$ is called \emph{square-free}. A famous theorem of Thue \cite{Thue} (see \cite{BerstelThue}) asserts that ... |
2,877,628,089,607 | arxiv |
\section{Abstraction Functions} \label{abstraction-functions}
This section defines the abstraction functions used throughout this paper.
In particular, the following abstraction functions links the concrete and the abstract configuration-spaces in Section~\ref{pdcfa}.
The abstraction function recurs structurally:
\be... |
2,877,628,089,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
The partial differential equations (PDE) of numerical relativity have
typically been solved using finite difference methods. In finite
differencing (FD) one first chooses a finite number of coordinate
``grid'' points $x_{n}$ and approximates the space and time
derivatives in the PDE... |
2,877,628,089,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recognizing what a group of people is doing, which is named the collective activity, is critical and useful in some real-world applications including visual surveillance. A critical point for collective activity analysis is to model the interaction between persons in the collective scenario, and... |
2,877,628,089,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Filaments are crucial to star formation in giant molecular clouds \citep{2014prpl.conf...27A}, as they contain the majority of the mass budget at large column density and contain the majority of star-forming cores in the clouds \citep{2015A&A...584A..91K,2020A&A...635A..34K}. Un... |
2,877,628,089,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\hspace{16pt} A multi-level inverter is a power electronic system that synthesizes a desired voltage output from several levels of DC voltages as inputs \cite{pv-citation-1}. Today, there are many different topologies of multilevel converters including, but not limited to, Diode-Clamped, Flying C... |
2,877,628,089,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The STEREO experiment \cite{stereoRef1,stereopost} searches for a sterile neutrino by measuring the anti-neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the distance from the source, the core of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) research nuclear reactor.
This measurement will be done usin... |
2,877,628,089,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A star can be tidally stripped into pieces near a black hole as the tidal force exceeds the star's self-gravity and this phenomenon is called a tidal disruption event (TDE) \citep{1976MNRAS.176..633F, 1988Natur.333..523R}. In a simplified fallback model, an impulse approximation is assumed where... |
2,877,628,089,614 | arxiv | \section{Definitions}\label{definitions}
We will define the higher-order degrees $\bar{\delta}_\Gamma$ and ranks $\operatorname{r}_{_\Gamma}$ of a group $G$ and surjective homomorphism $\phi_\Gamma : G \twoheadrightarrow \Gamma$. This definition will agree with the definition of $\bar{\delta}_n$ given for a CW-compl... |
2,877,628,089,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Set-up}
In this note, we study a topic regarding the behaviour
of Ricci curvature for K\"ahler-Ricci flows over closed
K\"ahler manifolds. This relates to the general brief
(or conjecture) that Ricci curvature would have uniform
lower bound towards (most) finite or infinite time
singular... |
2,877,628,089,616 | arxiv | \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{10pt}{-1.25ex plus -1ex minus -.1ex}{0ex plus 0ex}{\normalsize\bf}{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{10pt}{-1.25ex plus -1ex minus -.1ex}{0ex plus 0ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{10pt}{-1.25ex plus -1ex minus -.1ex}{0ex plus 0ex}{\normalsize\textit}{\@startsection{... |
2,877,628,089,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In many research and engineering areas the matched filter (MF) represents the standard tool for the detection of signals with amplitude smaller than the level of the contaminating noise \citep{kay98, tuz01, lev08, mac05}.
The MF is a linear filter that optimally filters out the Fourier frequenc... |
2,877,628,089,618 | arxiv |
\section{Configuration of the Systems and Methodology}\label{sec:config_details}
To facilitate repeatability of our experimental results,
we describe how we configured each of the tested systems.
For BANKS, we tested both of their variants, but the figures show the
running times of the more efficient one, namely, bi... |
2,877,628,089,619 | arxiv | \section*{ACKNOWLEDGMENT}
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\subsection{IDM Variables}
\begin{table}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l|l}
\textbf{Variable} & \textbf{Definition} \\
\hline
& \\
$v_0$ & Desired velocity \\
$T$ & Safe time headway \\
$a$ & Maximum acceleration \\
$b$ & Comfortable deceleration \\
$\delta$ &... |
2,877,628,089,620 | arxiv | \section{Background}\label{section.background}
The goal of MBRL is to solve a task through learning a model $f$ of the true dynamics $f_\text{real}$ of the system that is subsequently used to solve an optimal control problem. The dynamics are described through $x_{t+1} = f(x_t,u_t)$ where $x_t$ and $u_t$ are the state ... |
2,877,628,089,621 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:sec1}
The Domain Name System (DNS) \cite{rfc1034} is critical to the integrity of Internet services and applications. The DNS is a distributed database for storing information on domain names, the primary namespace for hosts on the Internet. The name space is organised in a hierarchic... |
2,877,628,089,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s1}
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants all natural persons the right of access to their personal data if this is being processed by data controllers, such as tech companies, governments and mobile phone providers \citep{regulation2016regulation}. Data controllers are obl... |
2,877,628,089,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a dataset $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times d}$, which consists of $m$ individuals with $d$-dimensional features,
methods for preprocessing or prediction from $A$ often use the covariance matrix $M:= A^\top A$ of $A$.
In many such applications one computes a rank-$k$ approximation to $M$, ... |
2,877,628,089,624 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
With this paper we introduced a fast and unsupervised method addressing the problem of finding semantic categories by detecting consistent visual pattern repetitions at a given scale. The proposed pipeline hierarchically detects self-similar regions represented by a seg... |
2,877,628,089,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Although the uncertainty principle is usually considered to be a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics, its precise theoretical formulation is not always clear. A breakthrough in the investigation of measurement uncertainties was achieved when Ozawa demonstrated in 2003 that the uncertainty... |
2,877,628,089,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
The Volterra model, also known as the KM system is a well-known integrable system defined by
\begin{equation} \label{a1}
\dot x_i = x_i(x_{i+1}-x_{i-1}) \qquad i=1,2, \dots,n,
\end{equation}
where $x_0 = x_{n+1}=0$. It was studied by
Lotka in \cite{lotka} to model oscillating ch... |
2,877,628,089,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
Given a smooth projective variety $X$, choose a normal crossings compactification
$\overline{X}=X\cup D$ and define a simplicial set called the {\em dual boundary complex}
${{\mathbb D} \partial} X$, containing the combinatorial information about multiple intersections of
divi... |
2,877,628,089,628 | arxiv | |
2,877,628,089,629 | arxiv | \section{Preamble}
The study of the individual contributions to the nucleon spin provides a critical window
for testing detailed predictions of QCD for the internal quark and gluon structure of hadrons.
Fundamental spin predictions can be tested experimentally to high precision,
particularly in measurements of deep ... |
2,877,628,089,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By describing the competition between kinetically induced electron delocalization and electron localization due to the Coulomb repulsion, the non-trivial Hubbard model remains one of the most challenging systems in condensed matter physics~\cite{hubbard_electron_1963}.
Indeed, despite its simpl... |
2,877,628,089,631 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
Low dimensional semiconductor structures exhibit different characteristics, ruled
by the size and morphology of the system. Recently, there is an increasing interest
in nanowhiskers (NWs), also known as nanowires. These are one dimensional nanostructures
grown perpendicular to the surface ... |
2,877,628,089,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduce1}
As an important research area of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), there are still many puzzles on the phase transition of strongly interacting matters. Lattice simulations show evidence that the QCD matters exhibit a crossover transition with the increase of temperature $T$ at zer... |
2,877,628,089,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Results}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In this paper we discuss the dynamics of a relativistic string in
constant
curvature spacetimes, using a combination of geometrical methods and
physical
insight. The kind of problems we are interested in here and the way
of
reasoning, historically had the orig... |
2,877,628,089,634 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Gamma-ray observations have played a central role in multi-messenger astronomy. The detection of the gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A by \textit{Fermi}-GBM shortly after the gravitational wave signal GW170817 \citep{grbgw170817}, and the gamma-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056... |
2,877,628,089,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The authentication of public messages is a fundamental problem
nowadays for bipartite and network communications.
The scenario is the following: Alice sends a (classical)
message to Bob through a public channel, together with an
authentication tag through a private or public channel. The tag wil... |
2,877,628,089,636 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the development of wireless communication and machine learning, a huge amount of intelligent applications have appeared in the networks \cite{IoTData}. To support massive connectivity for these applications over limited wireless resources, the conventional communication systems are facing... |
2,877,628,089,637 | arxiv | \section{\normalsize Introduction}
Throughout the paper, by an algebra we mean an artin algebra over
a fixed commutative artin ring $R$, that is, an $R$-algebra
(associative, with identity) which is finitely generated as an
$R$-module. For an algebra $A$, we denote by $\mod A$ the category
of finitely generated ri... |
2,877,628,089,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many real-world problems involve the cooperation of multiple agents, such as unmanned aerial vehicles~\citep{pham2018cooperative, zhao2018multi} and sensor networks~\citep{stranders2009decentralised}. Like in single-agent settings, learning control policies for multi-agent teams largely relies on... |
2,877,628,089,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is observationally known that
there exists a net excess of baryons over antibaryons in
the Universe.
In order to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU)
from a state in which baryons and antibaryons have same abundances,
the Sakharov's three conditions \cite{Sakharov1} must ... |
2,877,628,089,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Federated learning is a machine learning methodology where the model updates happen in many clients (mobile devices, silos, etc.), as opposed to a more traditional setting, where training happens on a centralized server. This approach has many benefits, such as avoiding the upkeep of a central... |
2,877,628,089,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work, we study the uniform computational strength of theorems arising in classical descriptive set theory related to perfect subsets of Polish spaces. In general, if $P$ is a subset of a topological space $\mathcal{X}$, a point $x \in P$ is a \emph{limit point of $P$} if for every open ... |
2,877,628,089,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One-dimensional driven-diffusion systems have been a subject of study in recent years because they exhibit interesting properties such as non-equilibrium phase transitions~\cite{Schmittmann}. These systems have many applications in different fields of physics and biology~\cite{Schutz,MacdonaldGi... |
2,877,628,089,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of complex networks \cite{Dorogovtsev:2003, Newman:2003, Boccaletti:2006, Caldarelli:2007, Doro_review,Barrat:2008} has flourished thanks to the availability of new datasets on large complex systems ,such as the Internet or the interaction networks inside the cell.
In the last ten y... |
2,877,628,089,644 | arxiv | \section{Metric--affine gravity (MAG)}
In 1976, a new metric--affine theory of gravitation was published
\cite{MAG}. In this model, the {\em metric} $g_{ij}$ and the linear
(sometimes also called affine) {\em connection} $\Gamma_{ij}{}^k$ were
considered to be independent gravitat... |
2,877,628,089,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The physics program of super B-factories requires the best possible reconstruction of all final state particles in a given event. The differentiation between charged particles species (electrons, muons, pions, kaons, protons) is accomplished by dedicated particle identification (PID) subdetectors... |
2,877,628,089,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cognates are words that are known to have descended from a common ancestral language. In historical
linguistics, identification of cognates is an important step for positing relationships between
languages. Historical linguists apply the comparative method \cite{trask1996historical} for
positi... |
2,877,628,089,647 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recognizing emotions from speech has usefulness in many areas such as psychology, medicine and designing human-computer interaction systems \cite{el2011survey}. The fact that speech is easy to collect unlike physiological signals has made it a popular candidate to build models for such tasks. Typ... |
2,877,628,089,648 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
In uses of pre-trained machine learning models, it is a known issue that the target population in which the model is being deployed may not have been reflected in the data with which the model was trained. There are many reasons why a training set would not match the ta... |
2,877,628,089,649 | arxiv |
\section[Introduction]{Introduction} \label{Introduction}
Best practices can be slow to propagate between disciplines. This
paper attempts to address this problem between the fields of psychology and
software engineering. In particular, we look at the state of practice for the
development of statistical software mea... |
2,877,628,089,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Communications research has almost exclusively focused on
systems based on electromagnetic propagation. However, at scales
considered in nano-technology, it is not clear that these methods
are viable.
Inspired by the chemical-exchange communication performed by
biological cells,
this paper cons... |
2,877,628,089,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among the variants of the seesaw mechanism, inverse seesaw \cite{Mohapatra:1986bd,Bernabeu:1987gr,Mohapatra:1986aw,Schechter:1981cv,Palcu:2014aza,Schechter:1980gr
,Fraser:2014yha,Hettmansperger:2011bt,Adhikary:2013mfa,Law:2013gma,Dev:2012sg,Malinsky:2009dh,Hirsch:2009mx} stands out as an attrac... |
2,877,628,089,652 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A gas of massive fermions which interact only gravitationally
has interesting thermal properties which may have important
consequences for the early universe.
The canonical and grand canonical ensembles
for such a system
have been shown to
have a nontrivial thermodynamical limit~\cit... |
2,877,628,089,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\subsection{Orientation}
{\junk{testing}}
In the last several years there has been a revolution
in string theory. There are two major developments responsible for
this revolution.
\vspace{0.05in}
\noindent
{\sl i}. It has been found that
all five string theories, as ... |
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