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2,877,628,090,154 | arxiv | \section*{Main text}
\section{Introduction}
Photonics has deep utility in a broad range of scientific and technological domains. Integrated photonic systems enable novel light sources~\cite{Watts2013, Lipson2018}, classical communication platforms \cite{SiliconPhotonics2016, Bergman2018}, and quantum optical proces... |
2,877,628,090,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We consider the large time behavior for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger
equation
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:nls}
i{\partial}_t u +\frac{1}{2}\Delta u = V(x)u + |u|^{2{\sigma}}u,
\end{equation}
where $u:(t,x,y)\in \R\times \R\times \R^{d-1}\to \C $, with $d\geqslant 2$,
$\Delta$... |
2,877,628,090,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have revealed that many circumstellar disks contain intricate radial substructures \citep{2015ApJ...808L...3A,2016ApJ...820L..40A,2016ApJ...818L..16Z,2016ApJ...819L...7N,2016Sci...353.1519P,2016PhRvL.117y1101I,2016Natur.535... |
2,877,628,090,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At high velocities space and time are merged together into Minkowski
spacetime, and even though both distances and durations depend on the
observers frame, then the 4-vector $(ct, \vec x)$ has invariant length
under Lorentz transformations. Similarly the energy-momentum
4-vector, $(\varepsilo... |
2,877,628,090,158 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The binary $\beta$ Lyr is a nearly edge-on, semi-detached interacting
system that has undergone mass reversal and remains in a phase of
large-scale mass transfer. The primary, mass-losing star (the ``Loser'')
is a B6-B8 IIp star. The mass-gaining star (the ``Gainer'') is embedded
in an opticall... |
2,877,628,090,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the outstanding unsolved problems in molecular biology is protein
folding\cite{bra} \cite{dag}. The principle through which the amino acid
sequence determines the native structure, as wells as the dynamics of the
process, remain open questions. Generally speaking, there have been two
type... |
2,877,628,090,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The versatile technique of positron annihilation makes use of the fact that positrons ($e^+$) are trapped at free
volume-type defects which allows their detection by a specific variation of the positron-electron annihilation characteristics \cite{Hautojaervi79, Brossmann12, Krause-Rehberg99, Pu... |
2,877,628,090,161 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The explosion of a supernova triggered by the collapse of a massive star produces several solar masses of stellar ejecta expanding at $\sim$10$^4$~km~s$^{-1}$ into the surrounding circumstellar (CSM) and interstellar (ISM) material. The resulting forward shock compresses and heats the gas to h... |
2,877,628,090,162 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
In this paper we present a numerical study of a mathematical model of spiking neurons introduced by Ferrari et al. in \cite{ferrari2018phase}.
In this model we have a countable number of neurons linked together in a network, each of them having a membrane potential taking value in the integers, and... |
2,877,628,090,163 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Exclusive reactions induced at high momentum transfer in few body
systems provide us with an original way to study the production and propagation of hadrons in cold nuclear matter. In very well defined parts of the phase space, the reaction amplitude develops a logarithmic singularity which enhan... |
2,877,628,090,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Unification of forces has been the most challenging task the science community has ever faced. So far that quest has successfully brought the electromagnetic, strong and weak forces under one roof. However the unification scheme hits a wall when one tries to incorporate in it the only other fund... |
2,877,628,090,165 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment}
All authors would like to thank Ms. Jing Lin, Mr. Wu Shi, and Zuwen Zhu for the design and implementation of the Pegasus-Mini.
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{Q}{uadruped} locomotion has been a vibrant research field within recent years. Although blindly l... |
2,877,628,090,166 | arxiv | \section{ALICE experiment at CERN}
\label{intro}
A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE)~\cite{Carminati:2004fp,Alessandro:2006yt,ALICEjinst} is one of the four major experiments
currently operating on the beams of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
The aim of... |
2,877,628,090,167 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a long time dissipation has mainly been considered as a nuisance which destroys the coherence of a quantum state. However, in the last decade dissipation has been turned into a tool and the dissipative attractor dynamics has been used to stabilize complex quantum states \cite{MuellerZoller201... |
2,877,628,090,168 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction and informal summary of results}
Recently, there has been much interest in the performance of asymptotically infinite-width neural nets which afford efficient training, as optimization entails perturbing the weights minimally away from a Gaussian initialization --- the aptly named ``lazy trainin... |
2,877,628,090,169 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The solar corona can be described as a low $\beta$ plasma at low densities and high
temperatures. With the presence of coronal magnetic fields, this leads
to plasma, where the magnetic pressure is higher than the
gas pressure.
Therefore, the plasma
motions are dominated by the magnetic field, a... |
2,877,628,090,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tunneling is a fundamental effect in wave mechanics, which allows for entering
classically inaccessible regions.
While textbooks focus on tunneling through potential barriers, tunneling
processes in nature often take place in the absence of such energetic barriers.
Instead one observes dynamical... |
2,877,628,090,171 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental Materials}
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\section{I. Bogoliubov... |
2,877,628,090,172 | arxiv | \section*{Supplementary Material}
\renewcommand\thefigure{S\arabic{figure}}
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\section{Quantum computation details}
\subsection{Encoding}
To go from fermionic variables to spin variables to write the Hamiltonian, one must provide an encoding scheme. Here we use the straightforward Jordan-Wigner ... |
2,877,628,090,173 | arxiv | |
2,877,628,090,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The first detailed calculations of the final, neutrino-cooled burning stages prior to core collapse
of massive stars were done by \cite{rsz67},
with simplified energy generation rates, and by \cite{wda68} using a small (24 species)
network.
Because of the extreme demands upon computer resources ... |
2,877,628,090,175 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Let \(X\) be a compact connected CW complex, let \(\widetilde{X}\) be the universal covering and let \(\overline{X}\) be a finite sheeted Galois covering. In this paper we will define the \emph{alpha numbers} \(\alpha_p(\overline{X}) \in \R\) in terms of the singular value decompositi... |
2,877,628,090,176 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
One of the primary goals of cosmology is to accurately measure
the expansion history and the growth of structure in the Universe.
Many of the cosmological probes used for this purpose can be
classified as standard candles or standard rulers.
The most obvious examples are
ty... |
2,877,628,090,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Most of the light mesons listed in the Particle Data Group (PDG) \cite{pdg} can be understood as quark-antiquark ($\bar{q}q$) states \cite{isgur}, see also e.g. the review in\ Ref. \cite{klemptrev}. Quark-antiquark mesons, also denoted as conventional mesons, are groupe... |
2,877,628,090,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Collisionless shocks play important roles in the generation of high-energy particles
in various situations,
which is one of the most important outstanding issues in plasma physics.\cite{Balogh_2013,Burgess_2015}
Recently, laboratory experiments using high-power lasers are conducted
on the ge... |
2,877,628,090,179 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An obstacle course might react to what you do: for example, if you step on a certain
button, then spikes might appear. If you spend enough time in such an obstacle course,
you should eventually figure out such patterns.
But imagine an ``oracular'' obstacle course which reacts to
what you would h... |
2,877,628,090,180 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The evaluation of treatment effects on a single (or just a few) treated unit(s) based on counterfactuals (i.e., the unobservable outcome had there been no intervention) constructed from artificial controls has become a popular practice in applied statistics since the proposal of the synthetic c... |
2,877,628,090,181 | arxiv | \section{Formulation of results}
According to \cite{GrLaPo}, given a closed smooth $n$-manifold $M^n$ and a Morse function $\varphi:M^n\to\mathbb R$ is called a {\it Morse-Lyapunov function} for Morse-Smale diffeomorphism $f:M^n\to M^n$ if:
1) $\varphi(f(x))<\varphi(x)$ if $x\notin Per(f)$ and
$\varphi(f(x))=\varp... |
2,877,628,090,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Vector is the general format of input data of algorithm, and each component
of vector is stored in classical memory sequentially in general. Thus there
are two questions for general quantum algorithm, the first question is that
which state is suitable to represent all information of vector for f... |
2,877,628,090,183 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
General relativistic spaces filled with black holes have recently
been under scrutiny as exact cosmological models with a discrete mass
distribution which is, in some sense, uniform on large scales. The
construction of these spaces in numerical relativity has enabled
the investigation of several... |
2,877,628,090,184 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\symbolfootnote[0]{\hspace*{-0.5em}$^\dag$%
To appear in
\textsc{The Astrophysical Journal} %
(v652 n2 December 1, 2006 issue).
Also available as ApJ preprint doi: %
\texttt{10.1086/508451... |
2,877,628,090,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Vision and Language tasks, such as Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN)~\cite{mattersim}, Visual Question Answering (VQA)~\cite{VQA,cao2018visual} and Referring Expression Comprehension (REF)~\cite{KazemzadehOrdonezMattenBergEMNLP14,yang2020graph,yang2020relationship} etc., have been ex... |
2,877,628,090,186 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent developments on integrability of ${\cal N}=4$ SYM opened the way to impressive results in the context of scattering amplitudes. In particular, using a new powerful duality symmetry in \textit{momentum space}, the complete calculation of all tree level amplitudes as well as up to fourth or... |
2,877,628,090,187 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The two-dimensional ($n+1$)-periodic Toda lattice with opposite sign is the system
\begin{eqnarray}
\left\{
\begin{array}{l}2 (w_i)_{z\bar z} =-e^{2 (w_{i+1}-w_i)}+e^{2 (w_i-w_{i-1})}\\
w_{i+n+1}=w_i
\end{array}
\right. ,
\label{Toda-N}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\bar z$ denotes the complex conjugat... |
2,877,628,090,188 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
A population of objects in co-orbital motion, as one of long-term stable and thus presumably primordial (i.e., $>4$~Gyr lifetimes) populations or as temporary captures, is known to exist with every planet in the Solar System with the sole exception of Mercury. Long-range planet... |
2,877,628,090,189 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We are used to the topological properties of fermion band theory in electronic systems, which have been studied extensively over the past decade \cite{sem1, sem, yu, yu1, yu2, yu3, yu4, yu5, yu6, yu7, yu8, fdm}. Recently, the study of topological band theory has been extended to bosonic systems... |
2,877,628,090,190 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) admit Virasoro symmetry, which allows to study these theories to a large extent due to this infinite dimensional symmetry. The Virasoro algebra is generated by a spin-2 current, and extended algebras can be constructed by adding higher spin curre... |
2,877,628,090,191 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Increasing the data rate in wireless networks usually comes through a larger bandwidth, or a more efficient use of the available bandwidth. In cellular applications, the performance is interference-limited in most cases, meaning that increasing the transmission power does not substantially improv... |
2,877,628,090,192 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the central object of probability is Brownian motion (Bm), which is the microscopic picture emerging from a particle moving in $n$-dimensional space and of course the nature of Brownian paths is of special interest.
In this paper, we study the features of Brownian motion indexed by an $\m... |
2,877,628,090,193 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Complex networks are graphs representative of the intricate connections between elements in many natural and artificial systems \cite{strogatz,havlin,barabasi,physrep}, whose description in terms of statistical properties have been largely developed looking for a universal classification of them.... |
2,877,628,090,194 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Multi-robot collision avoidance in cluttered environments is a fundamental problem when deploying a team of autonomous robots for applications such as coverage \citep{Breitenmoser2016}, target tracking \citep{zhou2018resilient}, formation flying \citep{Zhu2019ICRA} and multi-vie... |
2,877,628,090,195 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum mechanics knows many examples of discrete states coupled to a
continuum. Much work has been devoted to these problems in the past. In
this paper we are going to review these works briefly, but reconsider them
as methods to prepare time dependent states. All tunnelling problems are of
thi... |
2,877,628,090,196 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Neutrino oscillograms of the Earth are contours of constant oscillation
or survival probabilities in the plane of neutrino energy and nadir
or zenith angle of neutrino trajectory. They encode information on both the
neutrino parameters and the Earth density profile and proved to be a very
usef... |
2,877,628,090,197 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Understanding the principles guiding neuronal organization has been a major goal in
neuroscience. The ability to reconstruct individual neuronal arbors is necessary, but not sufficient to achieve this goal: understanding how neurons of the same and different types co-locate the... |
2,877,628,090,198 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Recent years have seen a great improvement in text-independent speaker verification. The speaker verification system extracts speaker characteristic information from a given utterance and then verify the speaker ID. In the state-of-the-art methods of speaker verification, i-vector \cite{i-vecto... |
2,877,628,090,199 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\indent
The link between Coronal Mass Ejection, the perturbations of the corona they induce and the production of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) is a topic of active research. During the launch of an energetic CME, moving fronts, or waves, are frequently observed in Extreme UltraViolet imag... |
2,877,628,090,200 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Multivariate regression analysis is an important tool for empirical research in strategic management and economics. These methods account for confounding influence factors between a treatment and an outcome by including a set of control variables in order to obtain unbiased causal effect estima... |
2,877,628,090,201 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\textit{Multi-agent reinforcement learning} (MARL) is a machine learning paradigm which enables multiple agents to concurrently learn behaviour from interactions with the environment as well as interactions with each other. MARL methods have become increasingly capable of... |
2,877,628,090,202 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Investigating molecular dynamics of glass-forming liquids is one of the most intriguing topics. It has been experimentally established that the structural relaxation time ($\tau_\alpha$) reflecting the time scale for liquid structure reorganization systematically deviates from the simple Arrheniu... |
2,877,628,090,203 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
In many scientific problems, the parameter of interest is a component-wise monotone function. In practice, an estimator of this function may have several desirable statistical properties, yet fail to be monotone. This often occurs when the estimator is obtained through t... |
2,877,628,090,204 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
What happens to orbits subject to linear frictional drag?
In typical physical settings, such as Rydberg
atoms or stellar binaries, the effective frictional
forces are nonlinear and, typically, lead to
the circularization of the orbit. Orbital evolution under
linear friction is special in th... |
2,877,628,090,205 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS-LMXBs), a neutron star accretes matter from a low-mass companion star. The vast majority of NS-LMXBs contains weakly magnetized neutron stars, and these systems are traditionally divided into two main subclasses based on their correlat... |
2,877,628,090,206 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories
(SGUT)~\cite{GeorgiGlashow74,Raby,Mohapatra,Raby2} have achieved some
degree of success: unification of gauge couplings, charge
quantization, prediction of the weak mixing angle, the mass-scale
of neutrinos. Detection of weak scale superpartners or proton
dec... |
2,877,628,090,207 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a compact connected Lie group and let $H\subset G$ be the
centralizer of a one--parameter subgroup in $G$. The homogeneous space $G/H$
is known as a \textsl{flag variety}. We fix a maximal torus $T\subseteq H $
and write $W$ (resp. $W^{^{\prime }}$) for the Weyl group of $G$ (resp. $H... |
2,877,628,090,208 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
A two-dimensional normal density or Student $t$-density is constant on
boundaries of certain ellipses. Outside such an ellipse the density is
lower than inside. It is straightforward to find such an outer region
and its contour (line), for a given small probability. We can consi... |
2,877,628,090,209 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In non-critical strings of the type discussed in~\cite{aben},
one has a conformal field theory formulated in general in a
non-critical number of spatial dimensions with a central charge deficit $Q$.
This might either assume
discrete values, as in the minimal models discussed in~\cite{aben}, or
p... |
2,877,628,090,210 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $L$ be a finite lattice and $K[L]$ the polynomial ring over a field $K$ whose variables are the elements of $L.$ Let $I_L$ be the {\em join-meet
ideal} of $L,$ that is, the ideal of $K[L]$ which is generated by all the binomials of the form $f=ab-(a\wedge b)(a\vee b)$, where $a,b\in L$ are... |
2,877,628,090,211 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a popular framework for the control of autonomous agents, due to its ability to autonomously derive control policies without assuming that the dynamics of the environment are known \citep{Sutton1998,bertsekas1996neuro}.
Despite the many remarkable successes in diff... |
2,877,628,090,212 | arxiv | \section{Prelude}
Legal arguments extensively involve text and speech. For any statement to be generated in the legal context, we require a comprehensive knowledge of prior information regarding the case, the arguments that have previously been made as well as external knowledge and facts. This makes the industry heavi... |
2,877,628,090,213 | arxiv | \section{}
In recent papers \cite{Hill1,Hill2, Hill3} we have computed the effect of a coherent
oscillating axion dark matter field, via the electromagnetic anomaly, upon
the magnetic moment of an electron, or arbitrary magnetic multi-pole source.
Figure (1) has been computed in several
ways and the results ar... |
2,877,628,090,214 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The Galilean satellites of Jupiter -- namely, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto -- were discovered by Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. They were the first objects to be observed orbiting another body than the Earth and Sun. Historically, their importance lies in the fact t... |
2,877,628,090,215 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The analysis and interpretation of ongoing and future neutrino oscillation
experiments strongly rely on the nuclear modeling for describing the
interaction of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos with the detector.
Moreover, neutrino-nucleus scattering has recently become a matter of debate
in co... |
2,877,628,090,216 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Seals and gaskets are crucial components in many hydraulic systems
such as water taps, pipes, pumps, or valves\cite{Flitney07}.
Their main function is to prevent undesired or uncontrolled leakage of
gases or fluids from one region to another.
Despite their importance, attempts to estima... |
2,877,628,090,217 | arxiv |
\section{Compositionality}\label{sec:background}
\subsection{Compositional Generalization}
\ld{a rough first pass; will condense and make more precise once the story is more coherent! see also \href{https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uuIPmM_bShv7eti9J4V_Qlo64a6y0wryHR5QLbdBfmc/edit}{this}}
Basically, comp... |
2,877,628,090,218 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\noindent Let $u$ be a nonnegative function on ${\mathbb R}^n$
that vanishes at infinity.
Many geometric inequalities
relate $u$ with its symmetric decreasing rearrangement,
$u^\star$.
The {\em P\'olya-Szeg\H{o} inequality} states that
\begin{equation}\label{PS}
\| \nabla u^\... |
2,877,628,090,219 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several years ago, I wrote some lectures\cite{Donoghue:1995cz} on the application of effective field theory (EFT)
to general relativity. Because those lectures were given at an advanced school on effective field theory, most
of the students were well versed about the effective field theory side,... |
2,877,628,090,220 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Applying a surveillance scheme to monitor the stability of dispersion (homogeneity, scale or other related notions)
is a common task used in industry to maintain, for example, the repeatability level of gauges,
the uniformity of certain entities over time or space, the risk level of some financ... |
2,877,628,090,221 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper investigates the problem of multi-terminal channel coding
for relayless networks with the general message access structure
shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:channel}.
Multi-terminal channels include
broadcast channels~\cite{C72}\cite{GP80}\cite{IO05}\cite{LKP11}\cite{M79}\cite{ITW13},
multiple-a... |
2,877,628,090,222 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Settings}
\label{sec-settings}
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded and connected open subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d \geq 2$,
with Lipschitz boundary $\partial \Omega$.
Let $a:=(a_{i,j})_{1 \leq i,j \leq d} \in L^\infty(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d^2})\cap H^1(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{d^2})$
be symmetric,... |
2,877,628,090,223 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The precise determination of the CKM matrix element $V_{ub}$ remains an important goal in flavour physics, instrumental in performing stringent tests of the CKM matrix unitarity, see
\cite{Bevan:2014iga} for a review.
$|V_{ub}|$ can be extracted from $b\to u \ell\nu$ decays, and in
in particul... |
2,877,628,090,224 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s1}
\numberwithin{equation}{section}
Virtually every area of quantum physics is, at least partially, concerned with coherent states. This is due to their relevance in relation to the classical limit of quantum theories. Indeed, a minimum requirement for a family of coherent states is that ... |
2,877,628,090,225 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The era of atmospheric characterization of rocky exoplanets is imminent with the advent of new telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST, successfully launched in December 2021), the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), the Large Ultraviolet/Optical/Infrare... |
2,877,628,090,226 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A major part of non-thermal emission from high energy astrophysical objects is almost always characterized by
the radiation from relativistic electrons moving in magnetic fields.
Usually it is interpreted in terms of the synchrotron radiation.
However, synchrotron approximation is not always vali... |
2,877,628,090,227 | arxiv | \chapter[The cavity method]{The cavity method: from exact solutions to algorithms}
\centerline{\large Alfredo Braunstein$^1$, Guilhem Semerjian$^2$}
\bigskip
\noindent
$^1$ Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, I-10129, Torino, Italy,
Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, IRCCS Candiolo, SP-142, I-... |
2,877,628,090,228 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is being increasingly used in various domains such as robotics, computer networks, traffic, resource management, robotic teams and distributed control in general \cite{Busoniu2008}. Many of these situations pose complex challenges to multi-agent systems d... |
2,877,628,090,229 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While there is a plethora of different reduction notions that have been studied in computational complexity (see e.g.~\cite{hemaspaandraO02} for an overview), it has often been observed that in nearly all $\mathsf{NP}$-completeness proofs in the literature logarithmic space many-one reductions su... |
2,877,628,090,230 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cooling flow groups and clusters contain large amounts of hot
X-ray emitting gas that should be radiatively cooling on time
scales less than a Hubble time (see Fabian, Nulsen \& Canizares
1984 for an early review of cooling flows). The primary uncertainty
in the original cooling flow scenario... |
2,877,628,090,231 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Introduction-Section1}
Inclusive insurance (or microinsurance) relates to the provision of insurance services to low-income populations with limited access to mainstream insurance or alternative effective risk management strategies. Many individuals excluded from basic financial services ... |
2,877,628,090,232 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The description of the dynamics of open
quantum systems has attracted increasing
attention during the last few years \cite{Breuer02a}. The major
reason for this is the identification of
the phenomena of decoherence and dissipation, which
characterize the dynamics of open
quantum systems interacti... |
2,877,628,090,233 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The reasons for investigation of
the charge-nonsymmetric muonic molecules like $H\! eH\mu $ are as
follows. First, a direct charge-exchange reaction from the
ground-state muonic hydrogen atom to helium nuclei is suppressed, the
transfer proceeds through the formation of the molecule in the in... |
2,877,628,090,234 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The analysis of network data has achieved increasing interest in the last years. \cite{Golden:10}, \cite{Hunter:12}, \cite{Fien:12} and \cite{Salter:12}, respectively, published survey articles demonstrating the state-of-the-art in the field. We also refer to \cite{Kol:09}, \cit... |
2,877,628,090,235 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In magnetic confinement fusion, the stellarator configuration offers viable solutions for what today appear to be serious problems of the more developed tokamak concept. Since the confining field of a stellarator is created by external coils, without the need to drive large amounts of current wi... |
2,877,628,090,236 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Many textbooks on Quantum Mechanics, like Feynman's lectures \cite{Feynman}, describe a thought-experiment based on the Young's double-slit interference setup, and realised with independent particles sent one at a time through the interferometer. The striking feature is that the ima... |
2,877,628,090,237 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:motivation}
Classification tasks on data sets with large feature dimensions are very common in real-world machine learning applications. Typical examples include microarray data for gene selection and text documents for natural language processing. Despite the large number of features... |
2,877,628,090,238 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix: Analysis of $\overline{\text{P}}_{b}(t_w)$}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendices}
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\Alph{subsection}}
In order to find the optimal value of $t_w$ and correspondingly $t_i$, the derivation of $\overline{\text{P}}_{b}(t_w)$ with respect to $t_w$ is given as follows
... |
2,877,628,090,239 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\indent{} The topology-dependent electronic properties of solids are the subject of considerable current research. Although theoretical and experimental exploration of the electronic implications of topology fall clearly in the realm of materials physics \cite{RevModPhys.82.3045}, the compounds ... |
2,877,628,090,240 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
\label{sec:intro}
The past few years have been marked by a slow, but steady, shift from the era of the detections of exoplanets to the new age of the characterization of their atmospheres. Exoplanets transiting in front of their host stars allow for atmospheric features to be imprinted onto the ... |
2,877,628,090,241 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It goes without saying that symmetry is a central theme in theoretical physics as it provides strong constraints on the dynamics of physical systems. A textbook example is Noether's theorem in classical physics, which states that every continuous symmetry is associated with a conservation law.
At... |
2,877,628,090,242 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Main Result}
A $2$-$(v,k,\lambda )$ \emph{design} $\mathcal{D}$ is a pair $(\mathcal{P},%
\mathcal{B})$ with a set $\mathcal{P}$ of $v$ points and a set $\mathcal{B}$
of blocks such that each block is a $k$-subset of $\mathcal{P}$ and each two
distinct points are contained in $\lambda $ block... |
2,877,628,090,243 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson (BGW-) process is a basic model for the stochastic dynamics of the size of a population formed by independently reproducing particles. It has a long history \cite{HS} with its origin dating back to 1837. This paper is devoted to the BGW-processes with countably many ... |
2,877,628,090,244 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In this article we prove the Hardy--Stein type identity for a regular pure-jump Dirichlet form
\begin{align}
\label{eq:E2=iintFp}
\mathcal{E}(u,v)
=
\frac{1}{2}\iint\limits_{\mathclap{E\times E\setminus\mathrm{diag}}} (u(y)-u(x))(v(y)-v(x))\,J(dx,dy)
\end{al... |
2,877,628,090,245 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper is a direct sequel to \cite{BP_FCOP},
assembling the model structures on the categories
$\sOp_{\mathfrak C}^G$
of equivariant simplicial operads with a fixed
$G$-set of colors $\mathfrak C$
\cite[Thm. \ref{OC-THMI}]{BP_FCOP}
to a Dwyer-Kan style model structure on the categor... |
2,877,628,090,246 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}}
Meshless methods have a rich variety of applications in hydrodynamic
modeling, particularly in situations that are challenging to mesh
initially or where complex flows make it difficult to maintain a good
meshed description. Examples include problems with large deformatio... |
2,877,628,090,247 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For most of the mathematical constants used today, like $\pi$, $e$ or $\zeta$, very efficient
algorithms to approximate these constants are known. There are, however, rare cases such as Bloch's, Landau's or the Hayman-Wu constant,
where conjectures and rough bounds on such constants are known b... |
2,877,628,090,248 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
On March 11, 2020 World health organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, as a pandemic. More than a million people across 203 countries have already been affected by this disease, with more than 50,000 lives lost globally (as of April 2, 2020). In addition, daily lives ... |
2,877,628,090,249 | arxiv |
\section{Structure of claw-free graphs}
In this section, we prove that for every $k$, every claw-free graph with bounded maximum degree and with no induced subgraph isomorphic to the line graph of a $(k\times k)$-wall has bounded treewidth. Our proof relies on a structural description of claw-free graphs due to the ... |
2,877,628,090,250 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}
\par The
ongoing experiments like ultra-relativistic heavy-ion
collision at BNL and the large hadron collider at CERN have
focussed on the search of
the QCD phase structure and the formation of mini big bang.
The experiments at BNL and
CERN will provide the best platform to study
the ... |
2,877,628,090,251 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In order to test the wide-band imaging capabilities of the
EVLA\footnote{The EVLA is operated by the National Radio Astronomy
Observatory (NRAO) for Associated Universities Inc. under a license
from the National Science Foundation of the USA.}, we have
observed several known and possible Gal... |
2,877,628,090,252 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last decades, there has been a lot of progress on the two-dimensional steady water wave problem with vorticity (see for example \cite{C, EEW2011, Varholm20, Wahlen06, WahlenWeber21} and references therein). The corresponding three-dimensional problem is significantly more challenging, due... |
2,877,628,090,253 | arxiv |
\section{Framework of the Burnett spectral method}
\label{sec:general}
Burnett polynomials are introduced in \cite{Burnett1936} to study
high-order approximation to the distribution function for a slightly
non-uniform gas. Here we adopt a normalized form and write Burnett
polynomials as
\begin{displaymath}
p_{lmn}(\bv... |
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