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2,877,628,090,354 | arxiv | \section{Mathematical description of gravitational clustering}
The gravitational clustering of a system of collisionless point particles in an expanding universe poses
several challenging theoretical questions. Though the problem can be
tackled in a `practical' manner using high resolution numerical simulations,
such ... |
2,877,628,090,355 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quantum adiabatic algorithm was introduced \cite{adiabatic} as a quantum algorithm for
finding the minimum
of a classical cost function $h(z)$, where $z=0,\dots,N-1$. This cost function is used to define
a quantum Hamiltonian diagonal in the $z$ basis:
\begin{eqnarray}
H_P = \sum_{z=0}^{N-... |
2,877,628,090,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Submodular functions} have a wide veriety of applications in combinatorial optimization, economics, communication, and machine learning~\cite{Fujishige2005,Krause2014survey}.
A set function $f: 2^V \to \mathbb{R}$ on a ground set $V$ is called a \emph{submodular function} if it satisfies $f... |
2,877,628,090,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Probably the most extreme example of `starburst activity in galaxies'
occurs when a nuclear starburst behaves like an AGN. But is that
possible? Can the basic properties of Active Galactic Nuclei be
understood in terms of physical processes associated with a starburst?
By the mid 80's the answ... |
2,877,628,090,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Most real world systems, like airport transportation~\cite{Colizza:et.al:2006:PNAS,Verma:et.al:2014:SciReports}, power grid \cite{Albert:et.al:2004:PhyRevE,Cuadra:et.al:2015:Energies}, Internet infrastructure~\cite{Yook:et.al:2002:PNAS} and etc., can be abstracted as complex net... |
2,877,628,090,359 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Face anti-spoofing has always been a key challenging task of all face verification and recognition systems. Conventional face anti-spoofing systems used eigen faces~\cite{zhang1997face}, HoG (Histogram of Gradient)~\cite{albiol2008face}, or LBP (Local Binary Pattern) features to perform the task... |
2,877,628,090,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
Networked Control Systems (NCSs) are an integral part of modern day Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. While these applications typically involve a large number of plants, bandwidth of shared communication networks is often limited. The sc... |
2,877,628,090,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{intro}}
One of the greatest challenges in Extragalactic Astronomy is to fundamentally explain the formation and evolution of late-type galaxies (LTGs) and their main structural components. To this end, it is crucial to assess the build-up histories of galactic disks and bulges, given that... |
2,877,628,090,362 | arxiv | \chapter{Introdu\c{c}\~ao}
H\'a pouco mais de cem anos, Albert Einstein \cite{Ein} estabeleceu uma teoria em que o papel do observador assume uma certa relev\^ancia na determina\c{c}\~ao dos fen\^omenos f\'isicos e na aplica\c{c}\~ao das pr\'oprias leis da F\'isica, quando as velocidades dos objetos em questão são pró... |
2,877,628,090,363 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{introduction}
\section{Methods}
\input{model}
\section{Experiments}
\input{experiments}
\section{Analysis}
\label{sec:analysis}
\input{analysis}
\section{Related Work}
\input{related}
\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we propose a direct approach of improving content preservation... |
2,877,628,090,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In quantum field theory, branes are space-filling hypersurfaces located in a higher-dimensional spacetime.
Branes may be viewed as solitons on which particles can be localized.
Similar objects naturally appear in string theory as D-branes, which are dynamical objects with quantum properties ... |
2,877,628,090,365 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
The static electromagnetic properties of deuterium provide interesting
information on the dynamics at work within the nucleus. The fact that
deuterium's charge is one teaches us little other than the validity of
charge conservation in the nuclear system, but that its magnetic
... |
2,877,628,090,366 | arxiv |
\section{Benchmark quantities\label{sec:benchmark}}
With recent advances, the field of Lattice QCD is mature enough to provide reliable
information about the world of nuclear physics.
The first major breakthrough was a successful calculation of the hadron
spectrum~\cite{Durr:2008zz}.
The next milestone that has ne... |
2,877,628,090,367 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mid-infrared (IR) array detectors have been used in space for focal-plane instruments aboard IR astronomical satellites, such as $\it ISO$/ISOCAM \citep{Cesarsky1996}, $\it {Spitzer}$/IRAC \citep{Fazio2004}, MIPS \citep{Rieke2004}, IRS \citep{Houck2004}, $\it {AKARI}$/IRC \citep{Onaka2007} and $\... |
2,877,628,090,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Divergent series and integrals appear in several areas of mathematics and modern physics.
Zeta function regularization method assigns finite values to divergent sums and this technique is commonly applied in number theory and theoretical physics to give precise meanings to ill-conditioned su... |
2,877,628,090,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Component-based design is based on the separation between coordination and
computation. Systems are built from units processing sequential code
insulated from concurrent execution issues. The isolation of coordination
mechanisms allows a global treatment and analysis.
Fundam... |
2,877,628,090,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The populous family of compactness theorems is established by Arzel\'a and Ascoli. Our starting point, the Kolmogorov-Riesz theorem characterizes precompact (totally bounded) sets of $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$, see e.g. \cite{a}. Besides, such a characterization is interesting in itself, it has several... |
2,877,628,090,371 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Solid-state based quantum-light sources are elementary building blocks for future photonic quantum networks \cite{Aharonovich2016}, quantum information processing \cite{Kok2007} and quantum metrology \cite{Giovannetti2004}. To date, the performance of non-classical light sources has reached suc... |
2,877,628,090,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Photons with a helical phase front have a definite orbital angular momentum (OAM)
$l\hbar$, with $l$ an arbitrary integer \cite{AndrewsBook}.
The arguably most
attractive feature of this spatial degree of freedom is that it spans an unbounded, discrete Hilbert space and, thus, can be used
to... |
2,877,628,090,373 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The power of multi-layer convolutional networks for learning features has been established in audio signal processing, such as speech recognition and music classification~\cite{lecun1995convolutional, hinton2012deep, lee2009unsupervised}. The idea of a convolutional network is t... |
2,877,628,090,374 | arxiv |
\subsection{The distance between the invariant manifolds of \texorpdfstring{$L_3$}{L3}}
The one dimensional unstable and stable invariant manifolds of $L_3$ have two branches each (see Figure~\ref{fig:L3Outer}).
One pair circumvents $L_5$, which we denote by $W^{\unstable,+}(\mu)$ and $W^{\stable,+}(\mu)$, and the... |
2,877,628,090,375 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of ferrous meteorites informs our understanding of the solar system as well as of terrestrial metallurgy. These bodies consisting primarily of iron and nickel, are remnants of protoplanetary cores that formed during the early solar system \cite{krot2008,goldstein2009,weiss2013,Scott2020... |
2,877,628,090,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
The physicist Ernest Rutherford is believed to have once distinguished physics from the other sciences, referring to the latter as
merely ``stamp collecting''~\cite{Bernal1939}.
While Rutherford may have been exceptional in explicitly voicing the traditional arrogance of physicists... |
2,877,628,090,377 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph{Background: previous notions of classicality.}
Studying the non-classicality of quantum mechanics is a field that originated from the collective effort of the scientific community to obtain meaningful interpretations of the ontologically opaque yet undoubtedly successful theory of qu... |
2,877,628,090,378 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Spintronics \cite{zutic2004,wolf2001}, a new sub-disciplinary field
of condensed matter physics, has been regarded as bringing
hope for a new generation of electronic devices. The advantages of
spintronic devices include reducing the power consumption and overcoming
the velocity limit of electri... |
2,877,628,090,379 | arxiv | \section{Main Theorems}
The common theme of the subject of irregularities of distribution is to
show that, no matter how $N$ points are selected, their distribution must be far from uniform.
In the present article, we are primarily interested in the precise
behavior of such estimates near the $ L ^{\infty }$ endpoi... |
2,877,628,090,380 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In recordings produced in natural settings with multiple speakers present, it often occurs that more than one person will speak at the same time.
The resulting overlapped speech can cause a severe degradation in the performance of speech processing technologies designed for only... |
2,877,628,090,381 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
The condition for the vanishing of the conformal
anomaly for a bosonic string in a curved space is
expressed, in $\sigma$-model perturbation theory,
as $R_{\mu\nu}+\ldots=0$, where the ellipsis denotes
rank two tensors constructed from
derivatives and powers of the Riemann tensor~[1,2].
An examp... |
2,877,628,090,382 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Every calculus student knows that computing the derivative of a
function directly from the definition is an excruciating task, while
computing the derivative using the rules of differentiation is a
pleasure. A differentiation rule is a function, but not a usual
function like ... |
2,877,628,090,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Active suspensions of micro-swimmers such as spermatozoa (\cite{Creppy2015}), bacteria (\cite{Wensink2012}) or microalgae are common both in the natural environment, such as oceans (\cite{Pedley1992,Stocker2012,Durham2013}), lakes, ponds and within living organisms, such as the human body. Such... |
2,877,628,090,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Accurate prediction is important in any number of applications. In a
modern multi-core computer, for instance, an accurate forecast of
processor load could be used by the operating system to balance the
workload across the cores. The traditional models used in the
computer systems community us... |
2,877,628,090,385 | arxiv | \section{Abstract}
\begin{center}
\begin{quote}
We present a method for calculating expectation values of operators
in terms of a corresponding c-function formalism
which is not the Wigner--Weyl position-momentum phase-space,
but another space.
Here,
the quantity representing
the quantum system
is the expectation value... |
2,877,628,090,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dealing with a given Lie algebra $\fg$ and modules over it,
especially when $q$-quantizing, we need a convenient {\it
presentation} of $\fg$, i.e., a description in terms of generators
and defining relations. Obviously, the basis elements qualify as
generators, but there are too many of them. It... |
2,877,628,090,387 | arxiv | \section{Circuit Model}
\label{app:CircuitModel}
In this appendix, we consider a flux qubit coupled to transmission lines (see Fig.~\ref{fig:model}) and derive the effective spin-boson model~\cite{Peropadre2013}.
For example, we consider a uniform transmission line with constant capacitance and inductance ($C_i = C$,... |
2,877,628,090,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par Online payment has become an indispensable way of payment in people's life. In order to ensure the security of payment, online payment is achieved through an authoritative agent. However, the cost of establishing an authority is enormous, which increases the cost of payment. Blockchain tech... |
2,877,628,090,389 | arxiv | \section{Light-front Helicity operator $J^3$ from the manifestly gauge
invariant energy momentum tensor}
It is well-known that even though the {\it energy-momentum density} (which gives rise to
Hamiltonian and three-momentum) and the {\it generalized angular momentum
density} (which gives
rise to angular momentum and... |
2,877,628,090,390 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Medical image segmentation is the base for diagnosis, surgical planning, and treatment of diseases. Recent advances in deep learning\cite{Bao2015Multi}\cite{Chen2017VoxResNet}\cite{Hao2016Deep}\cite{Hao2016DCAN}\cite{Xu2016Gland}\cite{Moeskops2016Automatic}\cite{Dong2016Fully}\cite{Zhang2015Deep}... |
2,877,628,090,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays, arbitrarily large datasets of high-resolution images have become available thanks to almost unlimited sources of data, such as videos acquired by autonomous vehicles with multi-camera rigs and Internet pictures uploaded by millions of users on Social Media. While this large amount of d... |
2,877,628,090,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \setcounter{equation}{0}
While the QCD gauge coupling is not perturbative at low energies, it is
nonetheless possible to formulate an expansion in terms of the parameter
$1/N_c$, where $N_c$ is the number of colors \cite{tHooft}. In recent years,
effective field theories for... |
2,877,628,090,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{growthSequence_bubbletraj.pdf}
\caption{(A) A series of transmission electron microscopy images of a bubble growing under high, non-uniform confinement witinh a liquid cell, FIG. S1 and movie S1. The bubble formation occurred while imaging ... |
2,877,628,090,394 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In studies of nonlinear wave dynamics in physical systems, nonlinear
Schr\"{o}dinger (NLS)-type equations play a prominent role. It is
known that a weakly nonlinear one-dimensional wave packet in a
generic physical system is governed by the NLS equation
\cite{Benney}. Hence this equation a... |
2,877,628,090,395 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics is not capable to account for the apparent matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. Physics beyond the SM is required and it is either probed by employing high energies (\textit{e.g.}, at LHC), or by striving for ultimate precision and sensitivity (... |
2,877,628,090,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
An increasing number of remote sensing instruments measure the
polarization state of electromagnetic radiation. Therefore,
polarized radiative transfer codes
are required to interpret and analyze the measurements and to
develop retrieval algorithms. Sensors that measure polar... |
2,877,628,090,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the new generation of telescopes and instruments, such as multi-object spectrographs and large field of view camera, it now becomes possible to perform large, deep redshift surveys. Using these data, the structure and geometry of the Universe can be studied through new channels, namely geo... |
2,877,628,090,398 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider a nonlinear volume-surface reaction-diffusion system, which couples a non-negative volume-concentration $u(x,t)$ diffusing on a bounded domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N (N\geq 1)$ with a non-negative surface-concentration $v(x,t)$ diffusing on the sufficiently smooth ... |
2,877,628,090,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In many interesting physical, biological and social phenomena, whenever no intrinsic scale for the relevant variables is present, the emergence of "scaling laws" is phenomenologically observed~\cite{Newman}.
However, strictly speaking, a power law is not a proper way of fitting empirical data, s... |
2,877,628,090,400 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
The study of quantum phase transition is a central issue in modern
condensed matter physics. It is widely believed that the
Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson theory for classical phase transition may
fail to describe the quantum phase transition as a result of the
quantum interference effect between clas... |
2,877,628,090,401 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) are now recommending face masks be used by the general public and it is believed that, in conjunction with other mitigating behaviors, the wide-spread use of face masks can reduce community spread o... |
2,877,628,090,402 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors (FFs) play a key role in
understanding the hadronic dynamics. They describe the coupling
between a photon and a nucleon pair, and represent the only
quantities, connected to the nucleon quark structure, that can be
measured.
Physica... |
2,877,628,090,403 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of dynamics of rational functions in one complex variable enjoys a long and celebrated history, which stretches back to classical work of Fatou, Julia and others \cite{fat1, fat2, jul}. In this setting, one has a field $K$ and a rational function $f\in K(x)$, which one regards as a regu... |
2,877,628,090,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: Deformations and Singleton Physics}
Physical theories have their domain of applicability mainly depending on
the velocities and distances concerned. But the passage from one domain
(of velocities and distances) to another one does not appear in an
uncontrolled way. Rather, a new fundamental cons... |
2,877,628,090,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recall that a random variable $Z$ has a {\em symmetric $\alpha$-stable} (S$\alpha$S) distribution with $0<\alpha\le 2$,
if ${\mathbb E}\exp(itZ) = \exp(-\sigma^\alpha|t|^\alpha)$ for all $t\in\mathbb R$ with some constant $\sigma>0$. A process
$X=\indt X$ is said to be S$\alpha$S if all its fi... |
2,877,628,090,406 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An order received by a commercial warehouse operator may comprise of several order-lines which specify a required item and a quantity. \textit{Order-picking} is the process of retrieving these items from the warehouse and delivering them to a target location within the warehouse for further hand... |
2,877,628,090,407 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Chance-constrained programming is an important paradigm in optimization under uncertainty. It acknowledges that it may not be possible to satisfy all constraints of a system due to the inherent uncertainty in the model parameters; instead, it aims to satisfy the system constra... |
2,877,628,090,408 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The Ising model, proposed by Lenz~\cite{Lenz}, and solved in one dimension by his student Ising~\cite{Ising}, is one of the most studied models of statistical mechanics.
It was introduced as a model for ferromagnetism with the intention to explain spontaneous magnetization. Ising proved that the... |
2,877,628,090,409 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the behaviour of rotating black holes
and their ergoregions when immersed in
magnetic fields forms a central part of
astrophysical theories of quasars, active galactic nuclei
and other objects containing black holes (see, for example,
\cite{KKL,BlandfordZnajek,Bicak1}).
Typically... |
2,877,628,090,410 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Lattice QCD calculations can now achieve a very high level of accuracy for
ground-state meson masses. For example, a recent calculation of the
mass splitting between the $J/\psi$ and $\eta_c$ achieved an accuracy
of 1 MeV~\cite{Hatton:2020qhk}. This precision requires that QE... |
2,877,628,090,411 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
When the CEO of a major Swiss telecommunication provider was asked about the long-term goal of his company, he replied: Still being in the market in five years.
This example could well serve as a shorthand description of resilience.
Being there in five years means that t... |
2,877,628,090,412 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Definitions}
\begin{definition}
A word $w$ is called a $factor$ of a word $u$ if there exists words x, y such that $u=xwy$.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}
An abelian-square is a word of length $2n$ where the first $n$ symbols form an anagram of the last $n$ symbols.
\end{def... |
2,877,628,090,413 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent significant progress in deep neural networks has led to remarkable success in computer vision tasks\cite{lee1999integrated, lee2003pattern, yang2007reconstruction} such as image classification\cite{he2016deep, kipf2016semi,zoph2018learning,dosovitskiy2020image} and object detection\cite{gi... |
2,877,628,090,414 | arxiv | \section{What is order?}
The human brain is very skilled at detecting patterns and recognising
order in a structure, and ordered structures permeate cultural
achievements of human civilisations, be it in the arts, architecture
or music. The ability to detect and describe patterns is also at the
basis of all scientific... |
2,877,628,090,415 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{Acknowledgments}
VK is a doctoral student at the University of Oxford funded by Samsung R\&D Institute UK through the AIMS program.
SW has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 637713).
The e... |
2,877,628,090,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Identifying causal structure from observational data is an important but also challenging task in many practical applications. This task can be formulated as that of finding a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) that minimizes a score function defined w.r.t.~the observed data.
However,
searching ... |
2,877,628,090,417 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are many good reasons for the analysis of orbital periods of
eclipsing binaries hereafter EBs). Many of the mysterious,
astrophysically interesting binaries were revealed thanks to the
analysis of their odd orbital period variations. Fine period analysis
provide additional informatio... |
2,877,628,090,418 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sect_intro}}
While active galactic nuclei (AGN) are thought to be powered by
accretion onto super-massive black holes \citep{lynden71}, much
remains unknown about the physical distribution and kinematics of the
surrounding gas.
A portion of this gas is deep enough in the potential of the... |
2,877,628,090,419 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Deep neural networks trained with backpropagation have commonly attained superhuman performance in applications of computer vision \cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet} and many others \cite{schmidhuber2015deep} and are thus receiving an unprecedented research interest. Despite t... |
2,877,628,090,420 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We derive a bound on the difference in expectations of smooth functions of maxima of finite dimensional Gaussian random vectors.
We also derive a bound on the Kolmogorov distance between distributions of
these maxima. The key property of these bounds is that they depend on the dimension $... |
2,877,628,090,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
CNNs have achieved unprecedented success in visual recognition tasks. The development of mobile devices drives the increasing demand to deploy these deep networks on mobile platforms such as cell phones and self-driving cars. However, CNNs are usually resource-intensive, makin... |
2,877,628,090,422 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Model selection task commonly appears in many branches of science. Investigators are often interested in finding the best model for the dependent variable which lead to a good quality of fit and parsimony. A compromise is to be made between fitness and parsimony, as inclusion of too many depende... |
2,877,628,090,423 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Statement of the Main Results}\label{intro}
Throughout this paper, unless specified, $M$ denotes a closed surface and $\mathrm{End}^1(M)$ the space of all the $C^1$-maps from $M$ into itself endowed with the usual $C^1$-topology. The elements of $\mathrm{End}^1(M)$ will be called \textit{end... |
2,877,628,090,424 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Wyner \cite{wyner1975} introduced the notion of the wire-tap channel
(Fig.~\ref{fig:wiretapChannel}) in 1975:
Alice wants to communicate a message $W \in \{1,\dots,M\}$ to Bob through a
communication channel $\mathsf{V}: \mathcal{X} \rightarrow \mathcal{Y}$. Eve also has access to
what Alice ... |
2,877,628,090,425 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
Subluminous B stars (sdBs) show
similar colours and spectral characteristics as main sequence stars of
spectral type B, but are much less luminous.
Compared to main sequence B stars the hydrogen Balmer lines in the spectra
of sdBs are stronger while the helium lines are muc... |
2,877,628,090,426 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The study of phonon dynamics in the context of nanoscale solid-state heat transport has received considerable attention \cite{ThermalSpectroscopy2011, Mojtaba2016, Mojtaba2018, MojtabaAPL, Cahill2001, Johnson, Minnich2012, Broido2010, Esfarjani2011, Pop, Pop_micro, NanoTransport2, T... |
2,877,628,090,427 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\def\Subsection#1{{\vskip-0.8cm}\hbox{\,}\subsection{#1}}
\journalid{337}{15 January 1989}
\articleid{11}{14}
\slugcomment{Submitted to ApJL August 5, 1998}
\lefthead{de Oliveira-Costa {{\frenchspacing\it et al.}}}
\righthead{MAPPING THE CMB}
\begin{document}
\title{Mapping the CMB III: combined anal... |
2,877,628,090,428 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{com}}
In years past we have been working on weak interaction inverse beta
decay\cite{WL1:2006,WL2:2007,Cirillo:2012}
including electromagnetic interactions with collective plasma modes of motion.
Our considerations have been recently
criticized\cite{Ciuchi:2012}. Our neutron production... |
2,877,628,090,429 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
One of the goals of the 4SECURail project\footnote{https://4SECURail.eu November 2019 -- November 2021.} is to observe the possible approaches, benefits, limits, and costs of introducing formal methods inside the \emph{requirements definition} process in the context of railway-signaling syste... |
2,877,628,090,430 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\input{sections/1.introduction.tex}
\section{Problem Setup}\label{sec:problem}
\input{sections/2.problem.tex}
\section{Method}\label{sec:method}
\input{sections/3.methods.tex}
\section{Experiments}\label{sec:experiments}
\input{sections/4.experiments.tex}
\section{Con... |
2,877,628,090,431 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Simultaneous interpretation (SI) is the act of translating speech in real-time with minimal delay, and is crucial in facilitating international commerce, government meetings, or judicial settings involving non-native language speakers \citep{bendazzoli05epic,hewitt1998court}.
Ho... |
2,877,628,090,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are powered by accretion of material onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs), which releases energy in the form of radiation and/or mechanical outflows to the interstellar medium (ISM) of the host galaxy. The impact of the energy released by AGN in its surrounding envir... |
2,877,628,090,433 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{Introduction}
We live in the age of large astronomical surveys. These surveys detect and record tracers of cosmic structure across vast volumes of the Universe, using electromagnetic and gravitational waves. A non-exhaustive list includes optical and infrared imaging and spectroscopic sur... |
2,877,628,090,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} In their seminal work \cite{PS} P\'olya and Schur completely characterized all sequences of real numbers $\{\gamma_k\}_{k=0}^{\infty}$ satisfying the following property.
\medskip
\noindent {\bf Property A.} Given any real polynomial
\[
f(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n a_k x^k
\]
with only real zeros, the ... |
2,877,628,090,435 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\textcolor{black}{Numerous problems of relevance in biomechanics, have at their core, the presence of a deformable solid matrix which experiences flow-induced strain : skin (brain (\citet{Budday_2019, HosseiniFarid2020, Franceschini2006, Urcun_2022}), muscle tissue (\cit... |
2,877,628,090,436 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:Intro}
The realization of Majorana bound states (MBSs) in topological superconductors (SCs) has received great attention during the last decade, not only because they represent a new state of matter but also due to their potential for novel applications~
\cite{kitaev09,RevModPhys.... |
2,877,628,090,437 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The unification of the standard model (SM) gauge groups into a larger
group, like in $SU(5)$ grand unified theories (GUTs)
\cite{Georgi:1974sy, Georgi:1974yf, Buras:1977yy}, is an attractive
possibility of a new physics beyond the SM. One of the... |
2,877,628,090,438 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Planetary transits are one of the many methods by which extrasolar planets
have been discovered, and are also the one that provides the most complete set
of information about the planetary system. Only planets with very
specific orbital characteristics have a transit visible from Earth,
because ... |
2,877,628,090,439 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec1}}
The flow properties of a solution of polymers have attracted the
interest of physicists for a long time. One side of the problem
concerns how the concentration of dissolved polymers influences
e.g. the viscous (or viscoelastic) properties of the fluid. The other
side concerns how flu... |
2,877,628,090,440 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The wave equation of the following form
\begin{eqnarray}\label{main}
\begin{cases}
u_{tt}-\Delta u+a|u_t|^{q-2}u_t=b|u|^{p-2}u,\ \ \ &(x,t)\in D \times (0,T),\\
u(x,t)=0, &(x,t)\in\partial D\times (0,T),\\
u(x,0)=u_{0}(x),\ \ \ u_t(x,0)=u_1(x),\ \ \ &x\in D,
\en... |
2,877,628,090,441 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The hallmark of topological states of matter is the exact quantization of a physical observable in terms of a conserved quantity, the topological invariant~\cite{thouless_quantized_1982,thouless_quantization_1983}.
A paradigmatic example is the quantum Hall conductance, which is quantized as int... |
2,877,628,090,442 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The results from the \textsc{Planck}\ satellite have recently demonstrated the consistency between the temperature and the polarization data \citep{planck2014-a15}.
Adding the information coming from the velocity gradients of the photon--baryon fluid through the polarization power spectra to t... |
2,877,628,090,443 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The permitted O\emissiontype{I} lines at 1304, 8446, and 11287 \AA\ are common features in
AGN (active galactic nuclei) and
have been used to study the physical properties of BLR (broad-line
region) clouds (e.g., \cite{Grandi80}; \cite{Kwan81};
\cite{Rudy89}; \cite{Laor}).
As shown in the par... |
2,877,628,090,444 | arxiv | \section{\textbf{Introduction}}\label{S:intro}
The study of minimal surfaces has been one of the prime drivers of
the study of geometry and calculus of variations in the twentieth
century and, in particular, the Bernstein problem has played a
central role. Bernstein proved his Theorem \cite{Bernstein}, that a
$C^2$ m... |
2,877,628,090,445 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The turbulent cascade, a mechanism for the nonlinear transfer of energy across scales, is a key idea for understanding kinetic magnetized plasma turbulence. By considering simplified models, in uniform magnetic geometry, one can obtain a theoretical prediction for the spectrum of fluctuations, ... |
2,877,628,090,446 | arxiv | \section{System description}
We consider the system consisting of one queue of finite capacity $N$,
served by single server.
Customers arrive at the system according to the Poisson flow of rate $\lambda$.
If a customer sees the system full it is lost,
otherwise it occupies one place in the queue if the server
is busy... |
2,877,628,090,447 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Automatic verification of semantic properties of modern programming languages
is an important step toward reliable software systems.
For higher-order programming languages with inductive datatypes
or polymorphic instantiation, the main verification tool has been type systems,
w... |
2,877,628,090,448 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Motivation}
The Toda lattice is a completely integrable system of modern vintage (late 1960’s), which over the ensuing decades has shown remarkable resilience in applicability to a wide range of problems in applied mathematics, geometry and analysis. Though initi... |
2,877,628,090,449 | arxiv | \section*{Version fran\c{c}aise abr\'eg\'ee}
\section*{Abridged French version}
Soit $X$ une vari\'et\'e alg\'ebrique point\'ee d\'efinie sur le corps ${\mathbf{C}}$ des nombres complexes, suppos\'ee irr\'eductible et quasi-projective.
L'espace topologique point\'e $X({\mathbf{C}})$ est alors connexe;
on d\'esigne par ... |
2,877,628,090,450 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\subfloat{\includegraphics[trim={100 335 110 290},clip,width=\columnwidth]{images/cmp_entrance_hdr}%
\label{fig:cmp_entrance_hdr}}
\vspace*{-6pt}
\subfloat{\includegraphics[trim={100 335 110 290},clip,width=\columnwidth]{images/cmp_en... |
2,877,628,090,451 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
{\bf
Recently in Ref.\,\cite{Wen:2021qgx}, one of the authors introduced the balanced partial entanglement (BPE), which has been proposed to be dual to the entanglement wedge cross-section (EWCS). In this paper, we explicitly demonstrate that the BPE could be considered as a proper measure of the to... |
2,877,628,090,452 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\; \; Percolation is a fundamental discrete model in random spatial processes and statistical physics that manifest phase transitions.
Bond percolation is the usual model on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, which has a phase transition at the
critical point $p_c \in (0, 1)$, the connected components are alm... |
2,877,628,090,453 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction } }
Once Poincare said \emph{\textquotedblleft The scientist does not
study nature because it is useful to do so. He studies it because
he takes pleasure in it; and he takes pleasure in it because it is
beautiful. If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing,... |
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