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2,877,628,090,854
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In order to release statistics about populations without violating privacy, the US Census Bureau announced in 2018 that it would implement differential privacy (DP) on publicly released data products derived from 2020 decennial census data\cite{doi:10.1073/pnas.200371411}. Given t...
2,877,628,090,855
arxiv
\section{Instantaneously Polarizeable Systems} Our central working equation (1) in the main paper is equally valid for non-polarizable and instantaneously polarizable systems. As derived in Ref. \cite{deissenbeck}, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) takes the following form for the electrode charge: \begin{eq...
2,877,628,090,856
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While the notion of anticipation has been known for quite a long time in both psychology, biology or physics domains, it remains difficult to agree on a standard definition that can account for its multiple facets. For example, in \cite{Grush2004}, the author proposes an analogy between motor co...
2,877,628,090,857
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The inflationary paradigm \cite{Starobinsky:1980te,Guth:1980zm,Sato:1980yn,Linde:1981mu,Albrecht:1982wi,Linde:1983gd,Lyth:1998xn,Riotto:2002yw,Kinney:2003xf,Baumann:2009ds} offers, in its numerous constructions (see e.g. \cite{Martin:2014vha}), a testable \cite{Planck:2015xua,Ade:2015oja} descr...
2,877,628,090,858
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{D}{ynamics} of piecewise-smooth systems are encountered in various applications in electrical engineering and physics: controlled buck converter \cite{deane}, boost converter in discontinuous mode \cite{tse}, impact oscillators \cite{grebogi}, etc. Significant theoretical understa...
2,877,628,090,859
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Elucidating the formation mechanism of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is one of the greatest challenges of astrophysics in this century (e.g., Blandford and Znajek 1977; McKinney 2006; Komissarov et al. 2007; McKinney et al. 2012). Plasma composition of jets ...
2,877,628,090,860
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Even though a number of microlensing projects have yielded RR Lyrae light curves with excellent phase coverage \citep[see, for example,][]{soz08}, phase coverage is more of a problem when studying RR Lyraes in external galaxies. In order to overcome this, a number of methods have been developed ...
2,877,628,090,861
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The most important aspect of word learning is often thought to be \emph{referential uncertainty}. Quine \cite{quine2013word} famously framed referential uncertainty as a general problem everybody faces when trying to learn an unknown language. Suppose an anthropologist studies an isolated tribe. ...
2,877,628,090,862
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{theorem}{0} Geometric attempts to generalize the Yang-Mills construction to $p$-form gauge fields with $p>1$ have led to no-go results that indicate that this goal cannot be achieved while maintaining spacetime locality \cite{Nepomechie,Teitelboim1,DaDeCa1}...
2,877,628,090,863
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several families of systems in nonequilibrium steady states, including plasmas~\cite{Lima2000, Ourabah2015, Livadiotis2017} cannot be described by the usual canonical ensembles of statistical mechanics, but instead follow the so-called $q$-canonical distributions $P(\bm x|\beta, q)$, which for a...
2,877,628,090,864
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Twistor correspondences, as pioneered by Roger Penrose \cite{pnlg}, provide a way of understanding certain differential geometries as fundamentally arising from moduli spaces of compact complex curves in a complex manifold. It has emerged only recently, however, that an analogous patt...
2,877,628,090,865
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The creation of matter and entropy from vacuum has been studied via quantum field theory in curved spacetime (see for example \cite{hupark77,creation}). Most cosmological models exhibit a singularity which presents difficulties for interpreting quantum effects, because all macroscopic paramet...
2,877,628,090,866
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Refractive index fluctuations in the interstellar plasma, caused by electron density fluctuations, cause compact radio sources to be angularly broadened (\cite{r90}). Interstellar angular broadening has been observed for pulsars (e.g., Gwinn, Bartel, \& Cordes~1993), masers (e....
2,877,628,090,867
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{-0.5em} State-of-the-art Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems use Deep Neural Networks (DNN) of various architectures for acoustic modeling (AM). Early success using DNNs for ASR came from hybrid DNN-hidden markov models (DNN-HMM) \cite{hmm_dnn}. These were typica...
2,877,628,090,868
arxiv
\section{Abstract} The Exoplanet Modeling and Analysis Center (EMAC) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is a web-based catalog, repository, and integration platform for modeling and analysis resources focused on the study of exoplanet characteristics and environments. EMAC hosts user-submitted resources ranging in cat...
2,877,628,090,869
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interactions of the fermion field with solitons have been subject to intense research since the pioneering work of Jackiw and Rebbi \cite{jackiw1976solitons}. Interestingly, they found that solitons may have an associated half-integer fermion number whenever there exists a bound zero-energy solu...
2,877,628,090,870
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Homological stability is the following question: Given an infinite series of groups $G_n$, such as the general linear groups $\Gl_n$, we consider the sequence of inclusions \[ G_1 \hookrightarrow G_2 \hookrightarrow G_3 \hookrightarrow \cdots. \] Then, if we apply group homology of a fixed degr...
2,877,628,090,871
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of learning from several modalities simultaneously has garnered the attention of several deep learning researchers over the past few years~\cite{ngiam2011multimodal}-\cite{sohn2014improved}. This is primarily because of the wide availability of such data, and the numerous real-world a...
2,877,628,090,872
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{D}{eep} Neural Networks, and specifically models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have reached a remarkable success in several computer vision tasks during the last decade \cite{deng2009imagenet, lin2014microsoft, cordts2016cityscapes}. New ad...
2,877,628,090,873
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \symbolfootnote[0]{ Reaserch partially supported by NSF grant No. DMS-0503735} Let $N^n$ be a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n$ and assume that the Ricci curvature has the lower bound $Ric\geq -(n-1).$ As a consequence of Cheng's theorem (\cite{C}) we know that if $\lambd...
2,877,628,090,874
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last few decades, we can note an increasing research interest in the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the linear differential equations \begin{gather} \label{lineq} \frac{dx}{dt}=A(t)x\ ,\ t\in[0,\infty)\ ,\ x\in\mathbb X\ , \end{gather} where $A(t)$ is in general an unbounded lin...
2,877,628,090,875
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Gravitational wave astronomy has tremendous potential for discovery, as has been spectacularly demonstrated by the ground-based LIGO/Virgo observatories~\cite{PhysRevLett.116.061102, PhysRevLett.119.161101}. The signals that have been detected to-date have all been from binary syste...
2,877,628,090,876
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{introduction} \section{Family of Laplace--Beltrami operators on the embedded surface} \label{sec:general} \input{general} \section{Canonical stochastic process on the embedded surface} \label{sec:stochastic} \input{stochastic} \section{Stochastic processes on quadric surfaces ...
2,877,628,090,877
arxiv
\section{Background} Prior to Hyperledger Fabric all blockchain platforms, permissioned or permissionless, followed \emph{order-execute} pattern, i.e. network participants use consensus protocol to order transactions and only once the order is decided, all transactions are executed sequentially. Thus essentially implem...
2,877,628,090,878
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Summary} A {\em polygonal chain\/} $P=(v_0,v_1,\ldots,v_n)$ is a sequence of consecutively joined segments $s_i =v_iv_{i+1}$ of fixed lengths $\ell_i = |s_i|$, embedded in space. A chain is {\em closed\/} if the line segments are joined in cyclic fashion, i.e., if $v_n=v_0$; otherwise...
2,877,628,090,879
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To provide most precise theoretical predictions for observables at colliders, it is helpful to resum various kinds of large logarithms to all orders in the coupling constants. These large logarithms are usually induced by the soft and collinear radiations. The resummation of these large logarith...
2,877,628,090,880
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section_intro} In recent years, there is a growing interest in distributed algorithms for networks of rational agents that may deviate from the prescribed algorithm in order to increase their profit \cite{DisMeetsGame,DistRobust,LeaderADH,BARFault,RationalSecret}. For example, an agent m...
2,877,628,090,881
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter has become the focus of theoretical and experimental attention. It is believed that the underlying fundamental theory of the strong interaction is described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). At finite temperature and finite densiti...
2,877,628,090,882
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{footnote}{0} The successes of the Standard Model (SM) became so boring that various physicists wonder if they contain an important message: the lack of evidence for new physics pushes many proposed solutions of the higgs mass hierarchy probl...
2,877,628,090,883
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \def\0 {\nonumber} \begin{document} \setcounter{page}{0} \newcommand{\inv}[1]{{#1}^{-1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \newcommand{\be}{\begin{equation}} \newcommand{\ee}{\end{equation}} \newcommand{\bea}{\begin{eqnarray}} \newc...
2,877,628,090,884
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} All fields considered in this paper are of characteristic zero. Let $R$ be a ring. A map $D\colon R \to R$ satisfying $D(a + b) = D(a) + D(b)$ and $D(ab) = aD(b) + D(a)b$ for all $a, b \in R$ is called \textit{derivation}. We will denote $D(x)$ by $x^{\prime}$ and $D^n(x)$ by $x^{(n)}$. A \te...
2,877,628,090,885
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is of vital importance when developing computer software to have testing procedures that ensure it functions as required. Testing aims to provide objective information about the quality of the software and its risks of failure. In general testing may include checking functionality...
2,877,628,090,886
arxiv
\section{Experimental Evaluation}\label{sec:evaluation} We use two Mini-PCs with Intel 5300 wireless NICs as the transmitter and receiver, respectively. The frequency is set at 5GHz and the packet transmission rate is set to 500Hz. As illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:system}~(leftmost), the transmitter and receiver are pl...
2,877,628,090,887
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbb N$ denote the set of nonnegative integers. A \emph{numerical semigroup} $\Gamma$ is a submonoid of $\mathbb N$ with finite complement in $\mathbb N$ (this condition is equivalent to $\gcd(\Gamma)=1$). If $\Gamma$ is a numerical semigroup, the elements in $\mathbb N\setminus \Gamma$ ...
2,877,628,090,888
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Research on the intrinsically quantum properties present in physical systems allows the gaining of a better understanding of the fundamental characteristics of nature and has promoted the construction of methods that contribute to the description, transmission, and manipulation of information con...
2,877,628,090,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intr} \renewcommand{\theequation}{{\thesection}.\arabic{equation}} \setcounter{equation}{0} \subsection{Motivation}\label{sec:setting} We consider the following first-order integro-differential hyperbolic system in one space variable \begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyl...
2,877,628,090,890
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} La th\'eorie des nombres multiz\'etas a d\'ebut\'e dans \cite{Za} avec la construction de familles de relations entre ces nombres, reposant en partie sur le lien observ\'e par Kontsevich entre multiz\'etas et int\'egrales it\'er\'ees sur les espaces de modules de courbes rationnelles avec po...
2,877,628,090,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The two-dimensional models have widely been used in the context of the two-dimensional gravity ($e.g.$ see \cite{1,2,3,4} and references therein) and string theory. From the 2d-gravity point of view, higher-dimensional gravity models, by dimensional reduction reduce to the 2d-gravity \cite{1,2,3...
2,877,628,090,892
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are plasma discharges incorporating at least one layer of dielectric material separating the two electrodes. The dielectric barrier limits the charge transfer and thus the current flow typically producing a non thermal plasma at atmospheric conditions. Thi...
2,877,628,090,893
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Plasma Density Irregularities} The Earth's plasma environment abounds with density irregularities, on scales ranging from those of neutral atmosphere waves (100--1000\,km) down to ion and electron gyroradii (0.1--1\,m) \citep{Yeh1974, Booker1979, Fung2000, Akmaev2011, Wang2011, Nico...
2,877,628,090,894
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Preliminaries} \label{sec:Intro} Many combinatorial objects that are counted by the Catalan numbers have $k$-ary analogues. Heubach, Li and Mansour list several such examples in \cite{Heubach2008Staircase}, among them $k$-ary trees, different families of lattice paths, nonintersecting arc se...
2,877,628,090,895
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a compact complex manifold, $D \subset X$ a smooth divisor and $\beta \in (0,1)$. Let $\omega$ be a $C^{\alpha}$ K\"ahler metric on $X$ with cone angle $2\pi\beta$ along $D$ -see Section \ref{BackgroundSection} for the definitions-; $\alpha \in (0,1)$ is the H\"older exponent, we also...
2,877,628,090,896
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Short-period ($P<10$ days) Jupiter-sized ($R_{p}\ge8~\mathrm{R_{\oplus}}$) exoplanets, or hot Jupiters, are rare in the Galaxy. Results from radial velocity (RV) surveys \citep[e.g.,][]{Cumming2008,Mayor2011,Wright2012}, ground-based photometry surveys \citep[e.g.,][]{Obermeier2...
2,877,628,090,897
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In this work we show how the techniques developed in the companion paper \cite{GP} to investigate the stability properties of the cnoidal periodic waves of the cubic defocusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in one space dimension can be extended to provide a new and rather e...
2,877,628,090,898
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{introduction} \section{Anatomy of a {\mbox{\sc Gemm}} micro-kernel} \input{BLIS} \section{Identifying Outer-Product Kernels} \input{SIMD} \input{queuing} \section{Generating the {\mbox{\sc Gemm}} micro-kernel} \input{generating_the_micro} \section{Experimental Results} \input{experi...
2,877,628,090,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, a complex short pulse (CSP) equation~\cite{Feng_ComplexSPE,KYKPRE14} \begin{equation} q_{xt}+q+\frac{1}{2}\left(|q|^{2}q_{x}\right) _{x}=0\,, \label{CSP} \end{equation}% was proposed as an improvement for the short pulse (SP) equation \begin{equation} u_{xt}=u+\frac{1}{6}\left( u^{3}\r...
2,877,628,090,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Experiments on few-electron double quantum dots allow the measurement and manipulation of the spin degree of freedom of the confined electrons\cite{Hanson2007}. Such control is at the heart of semiconductor-based spintronics~\cite{wolf2001spintronics,awschalom2007challenges} and quantum-informa...
2,877,628,090,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $q$ be a prime power and let $m$ be a positive integer. A $q$-\emph{polynomial}, or \emph{linearized polynomial}, over $\F_{q^m}$ is a polynomial of the form \[f(x)=\sum_{i=0}^t a_i x^{q^i},\] where $a_i\in \F_{q^m}$, $t$ is a positive integer. If $a_t \neq 0$, we say that $t=\deg_q f(x)...
2,877,628,090,902
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Tevatron is a $p\bar{p}$ collider, with collisions occuring at 1.96 TeV center of mass energy. As a hadron collider, the Tevatron has access to all bottom species, including $B^{0}$, $B^{+}$, $B^{0}_{s}$, $B^{+}_{c}$ and $\Lambda^{0}_{b}$ hadrons. The hadronic detector environment is complex...
2,877,628,090,903
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Populations of biological cells frequently show stochastic switching between alternative phenotypic states. This phenomenon is particularly well-studied in bacteria and bacteriophages, where it is known as phase variation \cite{woude2004}. Phase variation often affects cell surface features, and...
2,877,628,090,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Nowadays, agriculture plays an essential role in many developing countries worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia\footnote{\url{https://asean.org/storage/COVID-19-Pandemic-Implications-on-Agriculture-and-Food-Consumption-Final.pdf}}. It reckons for a substantial portion of each cou...
2,877,628,090,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are several methods in which humans and computers can converse, like speaking (audio) and writing (text). At present, research in the field of NLP has advanced a lot to attain a good understanding of textual data but there are still some ways to go to properly contemplate the audio/speech d...
2,877,628,090,906
arxiv
\section{Introduction} SN1a supernovae observations \cite{1.1, 1.2, 1.3} suggest that the universe is currently undergoing an accelerating phase of expansion. Such an uncanny late-time cosmic evolution, is also supported by some other observational evidences like WMAP \cite{1.4}, X-ray \cite{1.5}, LSS \cite{1.6} and...
2,877,628,090,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s_intro} Random interlacements were introduced by Sznitman in~\cite{Szn10}, to model the trace of the simple random walk on the discrete torus $\Z_n^d:=\Z^d/n\Z^d$ or the discrete cylinder $\Z\times\Z^{d-1}$, in dimension~$d\geq 3$. Detailed treatments and reviews of recent results c...
2,877,628,090,908
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} In this paper, we demonstrated that deep neural network based mean opinion score (MOS) estimation of speech signals processed by DNS models can be improved by adding auxiliary supervision on the original distribution of the scores. We demonstrated several ways these extra s...
2,877,628,090,909
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years the field of galaxy cluster surveys has been re-energised by the realisation that a well-measured cluster population places strong independent constraints on cosmological models \citep[e.g.][]{boehringer2004, vikhlinin2009, mantz2010, weinberg2013}. As the largest known bound obj...
2,877,628,090,910
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pair production in strong background fields has been one of the most important issues in theoretical physics since the computation of the one-loop effective action in a constant electromagnetic field by Heisenberg and Euler\,\cite{HeisenbergEuler} and Schwinger\,\cite{Schwinger} and the discover...
2,877,628,090,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Brownian motion with purely time dependent drift and diffusion are ubiquitous in geophysical, environmental and biophysical processes. One can identify numerous geophysical and environmental processes which occur under the crucial effect of external time dependent and random forcing, e.g., th...
2,877,628,090,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the rise of edge computing, FPGA vendors have been releasing and marketing CPU\texttt{+}FPGA SOCs as the ideal solution for this domain. As edge devices are often specialised for a single task in a constrained environment, it is advantageous to build dedicated hardware to improve performanc...
2,877,628,090,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging is growing as a novel imaging modality as it is capable of interrogating the microstructure of the beating heart with no invasive surgery and without the use of any contrast agent \cite{mori_principles_2006}, making it accessible for patients with reduced kidn...
2,877,628,090,914
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Internet Service Providers (ISP) recognize Network Function Virtualization (NFV) as a key concept to reducing capital and operational expenditures. In NFV, service provisioning is achieved by concatenating Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) in a specific sequence order, defined as Service Functio...
2,877,628,090,915
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The work of Mostow and Prasad implies that every finite volume hyperbolic $3$-manifold admits a unique hyperbolic structure, up to isometry \cite{Pr},\cite{Mos}. Thus, geometric invariants of a hyperbolic manifold, such as volume and geodesic lengths, are also topological inva...
2,877,628,090,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interactions of electrons with ions and atoms are atomic processes of fundamental nature. Electron-impact ionization plays a significant role not only in many fields of physics, but also in other sciences. Single ionization is usually the strongest among various ionization processes, but multiple...
2,877,628,090,917
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past few years modeling crowd behavior has become a very active field of applied mathematics. Beyond their importance in real life applications, these modeling problems serve as basic ideas to understand many other phenomena coming for example from biology (cell migration, tumor growth, p...
2,877,628,090,918
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{-one}} It has been known since the work of Taubes \cite{Taubes} that an $SU(2)$-monopole of charge $m$ with well-separated zeros of the Higgs field approximates a collection of $m$ monopoles of charge $1$. This fact is reflected in the asymptotic behaviour of the natural hyperk\"ahler metri...
2,877,628,090,919
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} \printbibliography[keyword=primary] \newrefcontext[sorting=none] \printbibliography[env=bibliographyNUM, title={Additional References}, keyword=secondary, resetnumbers] \end{document} \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Medical visualization research to date has foc...
2,877,628,090,920
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Parallel MRI was introduced to speed up the traditionally slow MR acquisitions. Specifically, the redundancy between the k-space samples is capitalized to highly undersample k-space data, thereby reducing the scan time. The recovery of images from highly under-sampled multi-channel Fourier measu...
2,877,628,090,921
arxiv
\chapter*{Appendix: Mathematical concepts for physicists} \label{appendix} In this appendix we list some mathematical concepts which will be used in the main text, for the benefit of readers whose background is in Physics. \section*{Topology} \label{secA.1} \begin{Def} A {\bf topological space} is a set $M$ with a {...
2,877,628,090,922
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Astrophysical jets as highly collimated beams of high velocity material and outflows of less degree of collimation and lower speed are an ubiquitous phenomenon. The jets are observed over a wide range of luminosity and spatial scale, originating from young stars, micro-quasars, or active galact...
2,877,628,090,923
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the rapid progress of quantum technologies, the design of efficient protocols to control and numerical methods to describe quantum systems quickly moved to the forefront of current research. To achieve a better performance, a crucial element is the ability to perform adiabatic transformati...
2,877,628,090,924
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Xsp$ be a $2$-dimensional manifold possibly non-connected and having a boundary, and $\Partition$ be a one-dimensional foliation on $\Xsp$. We will say that $\Partition$ belongs to class $\classFol$ if it satisfies the following three conditions. \begin{enumerate} \item\label{fol:enum:...
2,877,628,090,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High resolution lithography is a central part of the semiconductor industry. Industrial lithography is usually mask based, to ensure a high production speed. In mask based lithography a photonic beam projects a direct image of a mask onto a substrate. By superposition of images from several masks...
2,877,628,090,926
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*}[t] \centering \vspace{-0.05in} \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{images/radar-v2.pdf} \vspace{-0.1in} \caption{Evaluation tracks of BiBench. Our benchmark evaluates the performance of binarization algorithms on a range of comprehensive evaluation tracks, including: ``Learnin...
2,877,628,090,927
arxiv
2,877,628,090,928
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is indeed not a novel idea to suggest that all the distant objects may be affected by the gravitational lensing of the matter clumps between the sources and the observer. Three decades ago, Barnothy and Barnothy (1968) proposed that all the quasars were nothing but the gravitationally mag...
2,877,628,090,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:int} The inhibition of convection by magnetic field in sunspots is an obvious reason to expect that the temperature and magnetic field are coupled. The magnetic field magnitude $B$ and continuum intensity $I_{\rm c}$, from which the brightness temperature $T_{\rm b}$ can be derived,...
2,877,628,090,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The application of stochastic geometry to the modeling and analysis of wireless networks has attained a lot of attention in recent years. It has enabled a new framework called \emph{transmission capacity} (TC) framework, which led to many new profound results in the topic of wireless networks (cf...
2,877,628,090,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Within reinforcement learning (RL), off-policy evaluation (OPE) is the task of estimating the value of a given evaluation policy, using data collected by interaction with the environment under a different behavior policy \citep{sutton2018reinforcement, precup2000eligibility}. OPE is particularly...
2,877,628,090,932
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction} Coherent processes in atoms and molecules yield many interesting and practical phenomena such as coherent population trapping~\cite{Arimondo1996}, lasing without inversion~\cite{Kocharovskaya1992}, and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)~\cite{Marangos1998}. Pionee...
2,877,628,090,933
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cataclysmic variables (CVs) are binary systems where a white dwarf (WD) accretes material from a secondary star which is filling its Roche lobe (see Warner 1995 for a review). Recent theoretical works (e.g. Howell et al. 2001, and Kolb 2001) predict that the majority of the CV...
2,877,628,090,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{The interface splash singularity} The fluid interface {\it splash singularity} was introduced by Castro, C\'{o}rdoba, Fefferman, Gancedo, \& G\'{o}mez-Serrano in \cite{CaCoFeGaGo2013} in the context of the one-phase water waves problem. As shown in Figure \ref{fig1}, A {\it sp...
2,877,628,090,935
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} Before the ascendency of quantum field theory, Stueckelberg proposed an approach to relativistic quantum field theory based on the conception of particle paths in spacetime, parameterized by an invariant fifth parameter \cite{stueckelberg41, stueckelberg42}. Feynman later con...
2,877,628,090,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} With the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) now in full operation, our understanding of dust-enshrouded star formation at high redshifts is advancing more rapidly than ever before. The most intense star formation in the universe takes place in dusty, star-forming ...
2,877,628,090,937
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{Assumption} Throughout this paper, $A$ is a non-zero commutative ring with identity, and $\mathbb{M}^1, \ldots, \mathbb{M}^d$ are non-zero additive subgroups of $\mathbb{R}$. For $i = 1,\ldots,d$ set $\mathbb{M}^i_{\geq 0} = \{m \in \mathbb{M}^i \; | \; m \geq 0\}$. \end{Assumption} We...
2,877,628,090,938
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the development of computing power and AI (artificial intelligence), significant progress has been made in unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous driving and visual tracking. The applications have to deal with many challenging scenarios including high-speed motion and low light condition in re...
2,877,628,090,939
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Symmetry plays an important role in physics. Sometimes it is spontaneously broken in the low energy, and as a remnant, there appears a massless Nambu-Goldstone boson. If the symmetry is a local one, it is absorbed by the corresponding gauge boson. On the other hand, if the symmetry is ...
2,877,628,090,940
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) fluids have long constituted the best known paradigm of strongly-correlated topological systems \cite{Jain}. Nonetheless, several fundamental issues remain unresolved. These include the exact mechanism leading to the quasiparticle (or fractional elect...
2,877,628,090,941
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When a massive particle falls in a black hole, it induces changes in the spacetime metric that, although considered as an ``ordinary'' perturbation, can produce a phenomenology hardly comparable to what it would be in a flat background. This fact, even if dealing with elementary concepts of Gener...
2,877,628,090,942
arxiv
\section{Supplemental Material for ``Coupled superconducting spin qubits with spin-orbit interaction"} \author{Maria Spethmann} \affiliation {Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland} \author{Xian-Peng Zhang} \thanks{These two authors contributed equally} \affiliation {Department of Physics...
2,877,628,090,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Integer programming continues to be a very popular way to obtain a schedule for a round robin tournament. The ability to straightforwardly model such a tournament, and next solve the resulting formulation using an integer programming solver, greatly facilitates practitioners. Moreover, it is usu...
2,877,628,090,944
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \renewcommand{\theitheorem}{\Alph{itheorem}} We initiate a program which relates the geometry of affine Grassmannians with the representation theory of shifted Yangians. More precisely, we study slices in affine Grassmannians which arise naturally in geometric represe...
2,877,628,090,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Organic conductors of the Bechgaard salts family, $(TMTSF)_2 X$ where $TMTSF$ = tetramethylselenafulvalene are quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) systems, which have been found over the last few years to exhibit fascinating properties under magnetic field \cite{review,gorkov,gm91,pl96,hlm1}. The ...
2,877,628,090,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is one of the simplest molecules capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Despite the simplicity of the compound, the theoretical description of its behavior, especially in the liquid phase, is still far from being fully satisfactory. Much relevant theoretical work has concentra...
2,877,628,090,947
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} \IEEEPARstart{G}{eometric} signal processing tools have found broad applications in data analysis to uncover obscure or hidden structures from complex datasets \cite{c1}. Various data sources, {such} as social networks, traffic flows, and biological images, often feature complex str...
2,877,628,090,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The increasing number of galaxies covered by large-scale spectroscopic surveys \citep{SDSS_DR15,BOSS} provides an opportunity to revisit the fundamental plane of early-type galaxies and to explore new ideas on how to improve this scaling relation as a distance indicator. Furthermore, various othe...
2,877,628,090,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) occurs at the interface between two fluids with different densities, subjected to an acceleration directed from the lower density fluid to the higher density one. A typical case is a heavy fluid resting on the top of a lighter one in the presence of a gravit...
2,877,628,090,950
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The calibrated light sources developed for our SNDICE project \citep{ref1} are based on a direct illumination concept (\citealt{ref1'}) using the new generation of light emitting diodes (LEDs) to reach a high stability of about 10$^{-4}$. This opens the possibility of measuring the sensitivity...
2,877,628,090,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:1} The behaviour of individuals or groups of people analyzed by means of mathematical physics, appended by empirical data (observations) is attracting researchers working in various fields of natural sciences: mathematics, biology, sociology, economy etc., see e.g. \cite{Buchanan, Bar...
2,877,628,090,952
arxiv
\section{\large{Intro: Loop-erasure and random partitioning}}\label{intro} Consider an arbitrary simple undirected weighted graph $G=(V, E, w)$ on $N=|V|$ vertices where $E=\{e=(x,y): x,y \in V \}$ stands for the edge set and $w: E \rightarrow [0,\infty)$ is a given weight function. We call the Simple Random Walk (SRW)...
2,877,628,090,953
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ever increasing flood of information knowledge workers face in their daily lives even intensifies by technological trends like digital transformation. Thus, their usual multi-tasking craziness \cite{GonzalezMark04}, constantly switching from one context to another, each being associated w...