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2,877,628,090,654
arxiv
\section{How to Use This Template} \section{Introduction} The concept of phonemes is well developed in speech recognition and derives from a definition in phonetics as ``the smallest sound one can articulate'' \cite{international1999handbook}. Phonemes are analogous to atoms---they are the building blocks of speech. W...
2,877,628,090,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a parallel machine, the underlying topology is a graph where vertices are processors and edges are physical links between processors. Such a graph in an interconnection network. One may want to cluster the processors into groups and the most basic clusters are clusters of two processors. Such ...
2,877,628,090,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_in} In order to derive duality assertions in set-valued optimization one has the possibilities to use an approach via conjugates, via Lagrangian technique or an axiomatic approach. Conjugate duality statements, based on different types of perturbation of the original problem, have bee...
2,877,628,090,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A large effort has been devoted to understand the QCD dynamics of rapidity gaps in jet events since such processes were observed in $p+\bar{p}$ collisions at the Tevatron more than 10 years ago \cite{d0,cdf}. While describing diffractive processes in QCD has been a challenge for many years, the ...
2,877,628,090,658
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum walks (QWs) are considered to be a quantum analog of classical random walks. The system and the dynamics of QWs have some similarities to those of random walks, but the behavior of QWs is different from that of random walks in terms of their probability distributions . In general, the ...
2,877,628,090,659
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-commutative geometries are widely considered as plausible candidates for describing physics at the Planck scale \cite{noncom} and have natural connections with string theory \cite{SW}. Moreover some of these models can be related to the intuitions of doubly special relativity (DSR) \cite{AMS...
2,877,628,090,660
arxiv
\section*{Data Availability Statement} \nocite{*}
2,877,628,090,661
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec: intro} Over the past several years, the standard cosmological model, $\Lambda$CDM, has come under increased scrutiny as measurements of the late-time expansion history of the Universe~\cite{Scolnic:2017caz}, the cosmic microwave background (CMB)~\cite{Planck:2018vyg}, and large-scale s...
2,877,628,090,662
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction} Random sequential adsorption (RSA) refers to a numerical procedure popularized by Feder and others to model monolayers obtained in irreversible adsorption processes~\cite{feder1980}. It is based upon sequential iterations of the following steps: \begin{itemize} \item[--] a...
2,877,628,090,663
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator, or called the Chern insulator, has aroused the ongoing interests in condensed matter physics, where the dissipationless chiral currents can flow in a zero magnetic field~\cite{D.J.Thouless, F.D.M.Haldane, X.L.Qi}. It was first observed in magnetic to...
2,877,628,090,664
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a given family of finite sets which typically arise from an arithmetic source and whose cardinalities are naturally called class numbers -- for example, the family of ideal class groups indexed by a class of number fields -- the Gauss problem asks for the determination of the subfamily in wh...
2,877,628,090,665
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Krein-Rutman theorem is a fundamental theorem in positive compact linear operator theory. It has been widely applied to Partial Differential Equations, Dynamical systems, Markov Process, Fixed Point Theory, and Functional Analysis. For instance, Krein-Rutman theorem is a basic tool to...
2,877,628,090,666
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} This paper has two main goals. The first is to demonstrate that for any ensemble, whether classical, quantum, discrete or continuous, there is essentially only {\it one} measure of the ``volume'' occupied by the ensemble which is compatible with basic geometric notions. This {\it ensemble vol...
2,877,628,090,667
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Let $K$ be a field and let $\matrices$ denote the space of $m\times n$ matrices over $K$, where we assume that $m\leq n$. We say that a non-zero subspace $\M$ of $\matrices$ is a constant rank $r$ subspace if each non-zero element of $\M$ has rank $r$, where $1\leq r\leq m$. ...
2,877,628,090,668
arxiv
\section{\NP-Hardness}\label{sec:nphard} In this section we prove the following hardness results. First, we prove standard \NP-hardness for the more general problem of \textsc{Min-Unique-Games$(q)$-Full}\xspace. The proof for this theorem is similar in spirit to the hardness reductions of \textsc{MinDisAgree}[$k$] by...
2,877,628,090,669
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS), government-off-the- shelf (GOTS), and open-source face recognition software are widely used for automatically searching large galleries of subjects, with a face image of an unknown subject, to identify a smaller subset of potential candidates. These candidate mat...
2,877,628,090,670
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The field of Numerical Relativity (NR) has progressed at a remarkable pace since the breakthroughs of 2005~\cite{Pretorius:2005gq, Campanelli:2005dd, Baker:2005vv} with the first successful fully non-linear dynamical numerical simulation of the inspiral, merger, and ringdown of an orbiting black...
2,877,628,090,671
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last decade methods from statistical physics have contributed greatly to the theory of complex networks~\cite{ba:rev,mejn:rev,calda:book}. One of the major contributions is the development of methods to characterize and categorize the vertices (nodes) of real-world networks. Numerous ne...
2,877,628,090,672
arxiv
\section{The Euler Characteristic}\label{sec:euler} In this section we prove Cor. \ref{cor:euler}, which computes the Euler characteristic of $I^\#(Y;\lambda)$ where $Y$ is any closed, oriented 3-manifold and $\lambda$ is any unoriented closed 1-manifold in $Y$. The claim is that $\chi(I^\#(Y;\lambda)) = |H_1(Y;\mat...
2,877,628,090,673
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X$ be a set and $Bin(X)$ the set of all binary operations on $X$. We say that $S\subset Bin(X)$ is a distributive set of operations if all pairs of elements $*_{\alpha},*_{\beta} \in S$ are right distributive, that is, $ (a*_{\alpha}b)*_{\beta}c= (a*_{\beta}c)*_{\alpha}(b*_{\beta}c)$ (we ...
2,877,628,090,674
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fundamental blocks of strong interaction have been confirmed to be quark and gluon. Meson, baryon, nucleus, and neutron star are the observed samples of the strong interaction matter. Theoretically it is expected that there should be other samples of the strong interaction matter such as...
2,877,628,090,675
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Biological systems use specialized motor proteins to convert energy from one form to another \cite{Howard2001, Chowdhury2013}. These nanoscale devices operate in an environment dominated by thermal fluctuations and it has been suggested that they harness thermal fluctuations to perform their ta...
2,877,628,090,676
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vskip .1cm Neutrinos are the only fermions which the Standard Model (SM) predicts to be massless. This ansatz was justified due to the apparently masslessness of neutrinos in most experiments. However, the situation has changed due to the important impact of underground experiments, since the ...
2,877,628,090,677
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Metal hydrides are considered as a potential hydrogen storage material because they have a high storage capacity by weight. Especially the magnesium hydride reaches the theoretical maximal value of 7.66 wt\%, but its main drawback are the high sorption temperature (573-673K) and the sluggish ...
2,877,628,090,678
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Having unknown top quark mass$(m_t)$ has long been one of the biggest disadvantage in studying the Standard Model(SM) and its extensions. With the very recent announcement of CDF collaboration at Tevatron on their evidence for top quark production\cite{CDF-top} with $m_t=174\pm 10^{+13}_{-12}\,{...
2,877,628,090,679
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A fundamental problem affecting many application areas is the processing of signals on graphs~\cite{shuman-2013}. In addition to representing networks, graphs provide an underlying structure for data in which connectivity and proximity affect processing. Distances as measured along graph edges...
2,877,628,090,680
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon lattice that exhibits a wide range of unique electronic properties such as linear dispersion of charge carriers, Berry phase, and room-temperature quantum Hall effect~\cite{Rev1,Rev3}. Beyond the purely electronic properties, graphene has attracted a lot of a...
2,877,628,090,681
arxiv
\section{Data used in Plots Generation} In this appendix, we will provided detailed data that was used to generate plots in Section~\ref{sec:experiments}. \subsection{Effect of $\alpha$ and Seasons on Reward} \label{sec:appendix-sim-days} Table~\ref{tab:result-sim-days} provides the data used for generating Figure~...
2,877,628,090,682
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:int}Introduction} Recent observations of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), particularly kHz QPOs, in X-ray emissions from accreting binaries, have aroused a lot of interest in the astrophysical community. The QPOs are very strong and remarkably coherent with frequencies ranging from $\sim 10$ Hz...
2,877,628,090,683
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In their influential paper \cite{AB}, Atiyah and Bott used two--dimensional Yang--Mills theory to compute cohomology of the moduli space $\mathcal N$ of stable holomorhic bundles over a Riemann surface $F$. In essence, the computation was inspired by the idea that the Yang--Mills functional...
2,877,628,090,684
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Microbial genome web portals have a broad range of capabilities that address a number of information-finding and analysis needs for scientists. This article compares the capabilities of the major microbial genome web portals to aid researchers in determining which portal(s) are best suited to solv...
2,877,628,090,685
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Detailed numerical simulations of the formation of the first stars, the so-called population III stars, indicate that they were probably massive, with masses greater than $20 \: {\rm M_{\odot}}$ \citep{abn02,bcl02,yoha06,oshn07}. The fact that no population III star has ever been observed in the...
2,877,628,090,686
arxiv
\chapter[#2]{#1 \newcommand{\Section}[2]{% \renewcommand{}{#2}% \markboth{Section \thesection\quad---\quad\textsc{}}% } \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.4} \usepackage{babel} \addto\extrasfrench{\providecommand{\og}{\leavevmode\flqq~} \providecommand{\fg}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi~\frqq}} \begin{d...
2,877,628,090,687
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We study the problem of synthesizing novel views of a scene from a sparse set of input views. This long-standing problem has recently seen progress due to advances in differentiable neural rendering~\cite{NeRF, NSVF, NeRFW, SRN}. Across these approaches, a 3D scene is represented with a neural n...
2,877,628,090,688
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As generative AI technologies continue to grow in power and utility, their use is becoming more mainstream. Generative models, including LLM-based foundation models~\cite{bommasani2021opportunities}, are being used for applications such as general Q\&A (e.g. ChatGPT\footnote{\url{http://chat.ope...
2,877,628,090,689
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main target of present and future $B$ factories is the study of CP violation. It will provide tests of the flavor sector of the Standard Model, which predicts that all CP violation results from a single complex phase in the quark mixing matrix. The determination of the sides and angles o...
2,877,628,090,690
arxiv
\section{#1}\label{sec:#2}} \def\mysubsection#1#2{\subsection{#1}\label{sec:#2}} \def\mysubsubsection#1#2{\subsubsection{#1}\label{sec:#2}} \newcommand{\refSec}[1]{Section~\ref{sec:#1}} \newcommand{\refFig}[1]{Figure~\ref{fig:#1}} \newcommand{\refEq}[1]{Equation~\ref{eq:#1}} \newcommand{\refTbl}[1]{Table~\ref{tbl:#1}} ...
2,877,628,090,691
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Let $X$ be a finite-dimensional CW-complex. From the perspective of homotopy theory, a topological vector bundle of complex rank $r$ over a space $X$ is identified with a classifying map $X \to BU(r)$. Topologically equivalent vector bundles over $X$ correspond to homotopy equ...
2,877,628,090,692
arxiv
\section{From toric varieties to toric schemes} During the last forty years a huge amount of work on toric varieties was and still is published. Their theory was generalised in several directions, and this often lead to a better understanding of classical toric varieties. However, the generalisation that seems to be t...
2,877,628,090,693
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Massive black hole (MBH) binaries (MBHBs) are among the primary candidate sources of gravitational waves (GWs) at mHz frequencies ~\cite{enelt, jaffe, uaiti, ses04, ses05}, the range probed by the space-based {\it Laser Interferometer Space Antenna} ({\it LISA}, ~\cite{bender}). Today, MBHs ...
2,877,628,090,694
arxiv
\section{} \begin{abstract} We continue previous works by various authors and study the birational geometry of moduli spaces of stable rank-two vector bundles on surfaces with Kodaira dimension $-\infty$. To this end, we express vector bundles as natural extensions, by using two numerical invariants associated to vecto...
2,877,628,090,695
arxiv
\subsection{Architecture Overview} \begin{figure} \begin{center} \includegraphics[trim = 55mm 45mm 0mm 29mm, clip=true, scale=0.4]{Thread.pdf} \caption{DTranx architecture.} \label{fig:seda} \end{center} \vspace{-5mm} \end{figure} As shown in Figure\ref{fig:seda}, DTranx follows the SEDA~\cite{seda} de...
2,877,628,090,696
arxiv
\chapter*{Introduction} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Introduction} K3-surfaces are special two-dimensional holomorphic symplectic manifolds. They come equip\-ped with a symplectic form $\omega$, which is unique up to a scalar factor, and their symmetries are naturally partitioned into symplectic and nonsymplectic tr...
2,877,628,090,697
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most models of galaxy formation in a hierarchical universe assume that the merger history of the surrounding dark matter halo plays an important role in determining the properties of a galaxy (e.g. \cite{wr78,wf91,baugh06} and references therein). Although halo merger histories can be measured u...
2,877,628,090,698
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The baryon-baryon high energy interactions one could decompose into at least two distinct sources of produced hadrons. The first one is associated with the baryon valence quarks and a quark-gluon cloud coupled to the valence quarks. Those partons preexist long time before the interaction and c...
2,877,628,090,699
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is closely related to the authors' recent investigations \cite{FKKM20} on the matricial truncated Hamburger moment problem. In \cite{FKKM20}, the authors obtained a parametrization of the Stieltjes transforms of the solution set in terms of a linear fractional transformation. Thi...
2,877,628,090,700
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Star formation in galaxies is regulated by a wealth of complex physical mechanisms, such as the formation, growth and merger of dark matter halos, and the cooling and heating of baryon gas by radiative and feedback processes. Characterising the star formation history of observed galaxies re...
2,877,628,090,701
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\em Quadratic gravity} refers to theories generalizing General Relativity (GR) by adding terms quadratic in the curvature to the Lagrangian density. The motivations for such modifications go back several decades ago (see the critic paper \cite{Rose1991}), and today there is a general consensus t...
2,877,628,090,702
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the celebrated discovery of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect~\cite{Yu61,Chang167}, the study of two-dimensional topological quantum systems and the search for new material platforms with a large topological gap has gained significant attention due to their strong potential in spintro...
2,877,628,090,703
arxiv
\section{Applications to A/B testing} \label{s:ab-testing} \label{S:AB-TESTING} We now discuss applications of the inference approach we developed in Section~\ref{s:param-inf} to the problem of A/B testing of auctions. \subsection{Estimating revenues of novel mechanisms} \label{s:ab-revenue} Consider the setup desc...
2,877,628,090,704
arxiv
\section{XOR games with $d$-outputs} \section{Introduction.} Quantum non-local correlations are one of the most intriguing aspects of Nature, evidenced in the violation of Bell inequalities. Besides their foundational interest, these correlations have also proven to be useful in information processing tasks such as sec...
2,877,628,090,705
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:int} Motivated by an increasing amount of observational evidence that in the center of several galaxies there is a black hole \cite{evidence}, Herrera-Nucamendi (hereafter refered to as HN) \cite{ulises} developed recently, a theoretical approach to determine the mass and rotation p...
2,877,628,090,706
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The perturbative QCD description of many observables measured at colliders is plagued by large corrections arising from soft and collinear parton emission, even for fairly generic kinematical conditions. For example, near threshold, large logarithmic corrections remain \...
2,877,628,090,707
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the state-of-the-art standard across a wide variety of fields ranging from computer vision to speech recognition systems, and they have been predominantly adopted by many industries~\cite{abiodun2018state}. As a result, many organizations have come to heav...
2,877,628,090,708
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are bright millisecond-duration radio bursts that are cosmological in origin. They were discovered over a decade ago \citep{lbm+07} and have been studied ever since at major radio observatories including Parkes \citep{lbm+07,ksk+12,tsb+13,zhd+19}, Arecib...
2,877,628,090,709
arxiv
\section{Illustration of the IV Selection Procedure for $P=2$}\label{app:illustration} In figure \ref{fig:Ward2}, the procedure is illustrated. Here, we have a situation with four IVs and two endogenous regressors. Instrument No. 1 is invalid, because it is directly correlated with the outcome, while the remaining thr...
2,877,628,090,710
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Recently neutrino physics has given us many surprises with strong evidences for flavor neutrino conversion to another type of neutrinos. Analysis of data from solar, atmospheric and reactor neutrinos have shown us that no other mechanism can explain all the data, unless you have m...
2,877,628,090,711
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Fast radio bursts \citep[FRBs,][]{lorimer2007bright} are transient pulses of radio light observed out to cosmological distances; both their origins and emission mechanisms remain unclear. Even though thousands of FRB events occur over the full sky every day \citep{CHIMEFRB_C...
2,877,628,090,712
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Multiplex network analysis \rev{has} emerged as a promising approach to investigate complex systems. A multiplex network is a compact network model used to represent multiple modes of interaction or different \rev{types of} relationships among entities of the same type (e.g. peopl...
2,877,628,090,713
arxiv
\section{1. Introduction} In the recent years, the operation of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has open a new era of radio interferometry with an unprecedented number of antennas, offering a broad choice of possible configurations. In particular, the availability of long baselines has often fa...
2,877,628,090,714
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} Let $0<\alpha<n$, $m\in \mathbb{Z}^+$ and $b\in L_{loc}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. The fractional integral operator $I_\alpha$ and its higher order commutator $I_{\alpha}^{b,m}$ are defined by \begin{align*} I_{\alpha}f(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}\frac{f(y)}{|x-y|^{n-\alpha}}dy,\quad I_{...
2,877,628,090,715
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As is well-known, violation of the Bell inequality and other Bell-type inequalities\cite{Bell,CH1,FC,CH2,Aspect1,Aspect2,Aspect3,GM,MWZ, Nat} in the quantum world indicates that quantum mechanics cannot be described as a local hidden variable theory, which we call the {\it nonlocality} of quantum...
2,877,628,090,716
arxiv
\section{Data Assimilation algorithms} \label{sec:DA_algorithms} \graphicspath{{Cordier_Figs/}} \subsection{Kalman filter algorithm} \label{sec:KFalgo} The Kalman filter algorithm discussed at the beginning of Sec.~\ref{sec:maths} corresponds to Fig.~\ref{fig:KF_Init_analyse}. \begin{figure}[htbp] \centering \includegr...
2,877,628,090,717
arxiv
\section{Introduction } The line-ratio method [8] is used for measuring magnetic fields in subtelescopic ($d \leq 10^2$ km) structures on the Sun. The basic idea consists in comparison of magnetograph signals for spectral lines that have the same depth of formation and temperature sensitivity, but have different Lan...
2,877,628,090,718
arxiv
\section*{Introduction and conclusions} The formalism developed by Ferrara, Gibbons and Kallosh (FGK) in Ref.~\cite{Ferrara:1997tw} has proven a formidable tool in the study of 4-dimensional black holes. For extremal 4-dimensional black holes, it has solidly established a connection between the entropy and the va...
2,877,628,090,719
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Breakdown of superfluidity at large velocities of the flow is a fundamentally important problem which has been widely studied in physics of quantum liquids, such as $^{4}$He and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of dilute atomic gases (see book \cite{ps2003} and references therein). As is known, ...
2,877,628,090,720
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exploration of the holographic duality between planar 4D $\cN=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM) and string theory on $\AD$ has led to numerous remarkable results due to integrability discovered on both sides of the duality \cite{Beisert:2010jr}. Integrability has been particularly suc...
2,877,628,090,721
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The role of network and its structure has proved to be crucial in addressing a wide range of phenomena in complex systems. In economics it has been shown that the structure of the network can influence fragility of the market \cite{Schweitzer}-\cite{contreras}. As well it has been proved that ...
2,877,628,090,722
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neural natural language processing (NLP) models have attained state-of-the-art classification tasks, including natural language inference, sentiment analysis, and textual similarity~\cite{devlin2019bert,yang2019xlnet}. What drives this performance? A popular argument is: neural models learn cert...
2,877,628,090,723
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The standard theory of Type~I (low planet mass) migration presents a challenge for understanding planet formation. According to the core accretion model, the growth time from planetesimals to gas giant planets is dominated by a phase that occurs when a newly formed solid core w...
2,877,628,090,724
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{-1.5mm} \gls{ASR} is a key technology for the task of automatic analysis of any kind of spoken speech, e.g., phone calls or meetings. For scenarios of relatively clean speech, e.g., recordings of telephone speech or audio books, \gls{ASR} technologies have improved drast...
2,877,628,090,725
arxiv
\section{introduction} Despite steady successes in fabrication and measurement techniques, the experimental characterization of multi-qubit systems \cite{PhysTod,PhysCan} remains a challenge due to their complicated level structure. Our goal here is to determine the system's {\em parameters}, as distinct from the m...
2,877,628,090,726
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \hspace{.6cm} R-parity is an important symmetry in supersymmetric theories (For a review see \cite{Review}). In supergravity theories~\cite{Chamseddine:1982jx}, over most of the parameter space of models consistent with the radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry, the ...
2,877,628,090,727
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study the problem of constructing extremal K\"{a}hler\ metrics on blow ups at finitely many points of K\"{a}hler\ manifolds which already carry an extremal metric. In \cite{ca}, \cite{ca2} Calabi has proposed, as best representatives of a given K\"{a}hler\ class $[\omega]$ of...
2,877,628,090,728
arxiv
\section{Supplemental Material} \noindent\emph{Experimental details} The atoms were collected using a Magneto-Optical trap, and were depumped to the $F=1$ hyperfine state prior to their release (Fig.~\ref{fig:FigSupp}a). The repelling light sheet was a $\sim 400\,\mathrm{mW}$ elliptical beam with vertical waist ...
2,877,628,090,729
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Atom interferometers have demonstrated excellent performances for precision acceleration and rotation measurements \cite{borde,precision}. Many applications of these sensors, as tests of fundamental physics in space \cite{fundamental} or gravimetry \cite{girafe}, need the setup ...
2,877,628,090,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the recent decades, there have been many quantum algorithms proposed for the problems inefficient to solve on classical computers. The quantum phase estimation algorithm \cite{Abrams,Kitaev} is a leading illustration of such algorithms. It is used for quantum simulations to estimate the eige...
2,877,628,090,731
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Landau continuous phase transitions classified by spontaneous symmetry breaking of local order parameters~\cite{Landau1937} are important concepts in condensed matter physics that lie at the heart of our understanding of various aspects such as quantum magnetism and superconductivity. However to...
2,877,628,090,732
arxiv
\subsection{0pt}{2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}{0pt plus 1pt minus 1pt} \usepackage{verbatim} \usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing} \newcommand{|c|c|c|}{|c|c|c|} \newcommand{ & 0.03 & 0.06 & mean}{ & 0.03 & 0.06 & mean} \newcommand{\results}[3]{&#1&#2&#3} \newcommand{\gripMicrodesc}{gripper+micro ...
2,877,628,090,733
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the ongoing quest to classify \mbox{$C^*$}-algebras of real rank zero by algebraic invariants much progress has been made on classes of \mbox{$C^*$}-algebras defined from a narrow class of {\em building blocks}\/ as the smallest collection, containing these, which is closed under taking matric...
2,877,628,090,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Topological insulators (TIs) are a new class of quantum matter, where strong spin-orbit coupling results in a bulk energy gap but gapless metallic surface states.\cite{Hasan10, Qi11} In strong TIs, a topological invariant associated with the bulk band structure guarantees...
2,877,628,090,735
arxiv
\section{\label{sec-intro}Introduction} Resonances in electron-atom or electron-molecule scattering, also addressed as transient negative ions, have attracted attention over the last decades. It is because these temporary states provide a pathway for electron-driven chemistry via dissociative electron attachment (DEA) ...
2,877,628,090,736
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} In several processes of different nature, the inherent complexity to obtain a detailed model sometimes require the designer to simplify the modeling in order to be able to control the plant \cite{Nise2000}. In some cases, as for power systems \cite{Chaudhuri2012,Xie2021}...
2,877,628,090,737
arxiv
\section{The Direct Proof} \section{Introduction} \label{sect_intro} \vspace{2mm} Theorem 1 in \cite{TAC2008-Z-2008} provides in (19) the set of the admissible solutions $(x_k,p_k,u_k)$ of the singular Hamiltonian system (10) defined on the discrete-time interval $0\le k \le k_f-1$. The proof therein presented i...
2,877,628,090,738
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} {Gamma-ray astronomy with ground-based instruments was enabled by the pioneering efforts by the Whipple collaboration \citep{1989ApJ...342..379W} by demonstrating the excellent inherent sensitivity of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) for detecting astrophysic...
2,877,628,090,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Muons have played an important role in the history of particle physics since their discovery. The absence of the radiative muon decay, $\mu \to e \gamma$, during the early days~\cite{Hincks47} implied that the muon is a distinct elementary lepton rather than an excited electron. Today, muons a...
2,877,628,090,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction } The axioms of vertex algebras (VA), including the Jacobi identity \cite{B86, FLM}, make sense for any commutative ring, thus VA over $\mathbb Z$ can be defined naturally. An integral form of a vertex operator algebra (VOA) has been studied in \cite{BR, B98} for the Monster VOA and in general i...
2,877,628,090,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stochastic analysis on the path space over a complete Riemannian manifold without boundary has been well developed since 1992 when B. K. Driver \cite{D} proved the quasi-invariance theorem for the Brownain motion on compact Riemannian manifolds. A key point of the study is to first establish an i...
2,877,628,090,742
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we give a simplified version of our proof of the following theorem: \begin{theorem} {\bf The Weak Factorization Theorem}\label{th:1} \begin{enumerate} \item Lef $f:X\dashrightarrow Y$ be a birational map of smooth complete varieties over a field of characteristic zero, which i...
2,877,628,090,743
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \subsection*{Overview} Let $X$ be a projective K3 surface $X$, and $\ensuremath{\mathbf v}$ a primitive algebraic class in the Mukai lattice with self-intersection with respect to the Mukai pairing $\ensuremath{\mathbf v}^2 > 0$. For a generic polarization $H$, the moduli space ...
2,877,628,090,744
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Concerning the nuclear many-body problem the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach turned out to be remarkably successful in describing the nuclear matter saturation mechanism. The major improvement compared to non-relativistic treatments is based on an additional density ...
2,877,628,090,745
arxiv
\subsection*{\ \ \ \ List of main notations:} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{ Notations} \ \vspace{-7mm} {\small $q_j$, $j=1,...,N$ -- positions of particles; ${\bar q}_j=q_j-q_0$ -- positions of particles in the center of mass frame, $q_0=(1/N)\sum_k q_k$; $q_{ij} = q_i - q_j$ $x_j=e^{q_j}$ or $x_j=e^{2\pi\imat...
2,877,628,090,746
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On 1998 January 20 during a {\em R}XTE\ observation in the direction of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a previously unknown X--ray source, namely XTE J0055--724, was detected at a flux level (2--10 keV) of $\sim$ 6.0 $\times$ 10$^{-11}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. The source showed pulsation...
2,877,628,090,747
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The temperature anisotropy analysis of the cosmic microwave background~(CMB) has been successful in the past few decades. The standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology explains the existing linear fluctuations very well and shows us a validity of inflationary paradigm. The next issue of modern cosmology ...
2,877,628,090,748
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many problems of classical Euclidean geometry explicitly or implicitly consider objects up to similarity. Understanding and using similarity is an important geometry competence feature for schoolchildren. Recall that two geometric figures $A$ and $B$ are similar if $B$ can be obtained...
2,877,628,090,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We investigate local and metric geometry of a general class of Carnot-Carath\'eodory spaces (see Definition \ref{cc-space}) which generalize classical sub-Riemannian manifolds (see e.g. \cite{bel, herm,jean, gro,lan,mit,mon} and references therein) and naturally arise in different areas, in part...
2,877,628,090,750
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recently observed first neutron star (NS) merger event GW170817 \citep{merger} has allowed to substantially restrict the freedom of constructing NS equations of state (EOS) compatible with observation. In particular the determination of the NS tidal compressibility allowed to derive severe c...
2,877,628,090,751
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the simplest models of inflation, the primordial density perturbations have a negligible degree of nongaussianity. The parameter $f_{NL}$ which characterizes nongaussianity is of the order of $|n-1|\ll 1$ (where $n$ is the spectral index) in conventional inflation models \cite{BMR}-\cite{Se...
2,877,628,090,752
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classical P\'olya urn was introduced by P\'olya and Eggenberger \cite{Polya} describing contagious diseases. The first model is as follows: An urn contains balls of two colors at the start, white and black. At each step, one picks a ball randomly and returns it to the urn wit...
2,877,628,090,753
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Time Series Analysis (TSA) is a successful field of a cross disciplinary character. In economics, climate, geophysics and statistics \cite{GRANGER1986,liming2013, NOAKES1988,KIM2016}, among others, forecasting based on the observation of the previous states of the system is of critical interest...