uuid int64 541B 3,299B | dataset stringclasses 1
value | text stringlengths 1 4.29M |
|---|---|---|
541,165,881,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{I}
The study of the in-medium properties of heavy flavor mesons is a very consequential topic of research in strong interaction physics.
Such medium modifications of the properties like masses and decay widths of the produced heavy flavor mesons can further affect the experimental observab... |
541,165,881,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multilingual knowledge graphs (KGs), such as DBpedia \cite{DBLP:dblp_conf/semweb/AuerBKLCI07} and Yago \cite{DBLP:conf/www/SuchanekKW07}, represent human knowledge in the structured format and have been successfully used in many natural language processing applications.
These KGs encode rich mono... |
541,165,881,558 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Setting of the problem}
In this paper we consider the following nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation of derivative type:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:1.1}
i \partial_t u + \partial_x^2 u +i |u|^{2} \partial_x u +b|u|^4u=0 , \quad (t,x) \in {\mathbb R} \times {\mathbb R}, \ b \in {\mathbb... |
541,165,881,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 2007, the Belle collaboration observed the $Y(4360)$ and $Y(4660)$ in the $\pi^+ \pi^- \psi^\prime$ invariant mass distribution with statistical significances $8.0\sigma$ and $5.8\sigma$ respectively in the precess $e^+e^- \to \gamma_{\rm ISR}\pi^+ \pi^- \psi^\prime$ between threshold and ... |
541,165,881,560 | arxiv | \subsection{Average error}
Next we investigate the distance sensitive membership problem with average error $\varepsilon>0$.
\begin{theorem}\label{avg_error_thm}
Assume that $ nB(cr,d)/2^d < \varepsilon < 1/4 $. Then any distance sensitive membership filter with average error $\varepsilon$ must use
$$\BOM{ n \le... |
541,165,881,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}\label{sec1}\label{introduccion}\label{intc3}
For any real-valued semimartingale $Y = (Y_0+M_t+N_t)_{ t\geq0}$ ($M$
martingale and $N$ bounded variation process) and any function $F$ in
$\C^2(\R)$, the classical It\^{o} formula
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{itoc}
F(Y_t)&=&F(Y_0)... |
541,165,881,562 | arxiv | \section{Master Equation}
\label{sec:mastereq}
Let us start our discussion to section III in \cite{Kofinas:2015hla}. After redefining some new variables $(x, y, z)$, the field equations transform into
%
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \dot{y}+\frac{3}{2} y^{2} - \frac{e^{-2x}}{2\nu ^{2} } + \frac{\kappa ^{2} \left(\varepsilon ... |
541,165,881,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Navigation Rules (COLREGs)}
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) promulgated the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs)\cite{COLREG_Convention_on_the_International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea} in 1972. These are considered the "... |
541,165,881,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Let ${\frak g}$ be a simple complex Lie algebra, ${\frak h}$ its Cartan
subalgebra, $\Delta \subset {\frak h}^{*}$ the root system and
\begin{equation} {\frak g} = {\frak h} + \sum_{\alpha\in\Delta}{\frak g}_{\alpha} \end{equation}
the corresponding root space decomposi... |
541,165,881,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Bryan-Steinberg pairs in the Calabi-Yau case}
Let $Y$ be a smooth projective threefold and let $f:Y\to X$ be a birational map with $Rf_*\mathcal{O}_Y=\mathcal{O}_X$.
When $Y$ is Calabi-Yau, Bryan--Steinberg
defined invariants which ``count" certain two term complexes, which we cal... |
541,165,881,566 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Testing a given graph for planarity, and, if it is planar, finding a planar embedding, are classic algorithmic problems.
However, one is often not interested in just any planar embedding, but in one that has some additional properties.
Examples of such properties include that a given existing par... |
541,165,881,567 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The need for safety guarantees when controlling systems arises in many important fields of application, e.g., in air-traffic management \citep{application_aircraftConflict}, biology \citep{application_bacillus}, and flight control \citep{application_spacecraft}. In these applications, safety is ... |
541,165,881,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The physical processes that start the explosion of massive stars
are still not well understood, although this is of crucial importance
for predicting supernova and remnant properties, nucleosynthesis
conditions and yields, and the observable signals from supernovae
like neutrinos and gravitatio... |
541,165,881,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s1}
\paragraph{Double Field Theory.}
The symmetry known as T-duality is one of the main features of String Theory, in comparison with classical field theories.
Double Field Theory (DFT) is an attempt to make this symmetry manifest: in other words it is a T-duality covariant formulation of ... |
541,165,881,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the conventional picture, giant planets form via a two-stage process, known as core-accretion. In such a model, first a massive rocky
core is assembled via gravitational accumulation of planetesimals in the protoplanetary disk and then the core begins to accrete
the surrounding gas once it h... |
541,165,881,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
Large scale coherent magnetic fields are observed in our Milky Way and in external galaxies \citep{beck2008b,beck2008a}; these fields play crucial roles in many astrophysical processes in the interstellar medium (ISM) --- they help to exert pressure to balance ordin... |
541,165,881,572 | arxiv | \section{Applications}
\label{sec:application}
\vspace{.2cm}
In this section, the proposed algorithm from Section \ref{sec:algorithm}
is applied to the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the Lotka-Volterra model and a large-scale MAPK pathway model
together with its gene expression. The validity of the obtained theoretica... |
541,165,881,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{N}=\{1,2,3,\ldots\}$ be the set of integers $\geq 1$. The Syracuse problem also known as the Collatz, Kakutani or 3x+1 problem, concerns the sequence of positive integers generated by the iterations associated to the following map $S:\mathbb{N}:\longrightarrow \mathbb{N}$ defin... |
541,165,881,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In particle theory, the discrete symmetries C, P and T have a central importance. Although C, P, CP and T are violated \cite{violation}, CPT is a good symmetry \cite{cpt} in the Standard Model, therefore, the fundamental CPT violation may be connected to physics beyond the SM, such as string ... |
541,165,881,575 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Sequence design for good correlation finds many important
applications in various transmission systems in communication
networks, and radar systems.
\vspace{0.1in}
\noindent
{\em A. Low Correlation}
In code division multiple access (CDMA) applications of spread
spectral communication, multi... |
541,165,881,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section1}
It is well known that Sobolev-type inequalities and the corresponding variational problems play an important role in many branches of mathematics such as analysis, partial differential equations, geometric analysis, and calculus of variations.
The classical Sobolev inequality pro... |
541,165,881,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The group of $\lambda$\,Bootis stars stand out among the chemically peculiar (CP) stars of
the upper main-sequence. The CP stars normally exhibit strong overabundances
of elements, probably caused by magnetic fields, slow rotation or
atmospheric diffusion \citep[e.g., ][... |
541,165,881,578 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{introduction}
\section{Notation}
\input{notation}
\section{DCTN's description}
\subsection{Input preprocessing}
\label{sec:input_preprocessing}
\input{input_preprocessing}
\subsection{Entangled plaquette states}
\label{sec:entangled_plaquette_states}
\input{ent... |
541,165,881,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the pioneering experiments by Corrsin \cite{Corrsin-1943}, it has
been well known that turbulence is not random but consists of coherent
structures. The notion of coherent structures is powerful because it can
describe, for example, the sustaining mechanism of turbulence near a
solid wall ... |
541,165,881,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Traditional reinforcement learning schemes are concerned with the actions of rational agents seeking to maximize their expected rewards. While these rational agents are risk neutral, reinforcement learning has also been studied under risk-sensitive (risk averse) policies \cite{Mihatsch, ShenS, ... |
541,165,881,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1970, Geroch exhibited in his seminal paper \cite{Geroch} a method for generating vacuum solutions of Einstein's equations, generalizing previous work by Ehlers \cite{Ehlers}.
His starting point was a four-dimensional manifold $\mathcal{M}$, endowed with a metric $\mathrm{g}$ with vanishing ... |
541,165,881,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In recent years, there has been a considerable amount of research into linguistic abstractions emerging in neural networks trained for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks.
It has been found that, to some degree, neural networks often capture abstractions which see... |
541,165,881,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{par.introduction}}
The problem of the non commutativity of the filtering operation
has been considered by Ghosal and Moin (1995)\cite{gm95}, van der Ven (1995)\cite{vdv95}, Fureby and Tabor (1997)\cite{ft97}, Vasilyev \textit{et al.} (1998)\cite{vlm98} and reviewed by Ghosal (1999)\cite... |
541,165,881,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past few years, deep neural network has already shown its great capability and potential in the field of computer vision. From AlexNet \cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet} to Inception \cite{szegedy2016rethinking}, from RCNN \cite{girshick2014rich} to YOLO \cite{bochkovskiy2020yolov4}, from UNe... |
541,165,881,585 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction.\label{sec:introduction}}
\input{introduction}
\section{Non-standard kinetic terms: a brief review.\label{sec:non-standard}}
\input{non-standard}
\section{Generalized $\beta$-function formalism.\label{sec:formalism}}
\input{formalism}
\section{Models with non-standard kinetic terms.\la... |
541,165,881,586 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The following two interrelated problems are among the principal
ones in the theory of twisted conjugacy (Reidemeister) classes in
infinite discrete groups. The first one is the 20-years-old
conjecture on existence of an appropriate twisted
Burnside-Frobenius theory (TBFT), i.e. identificat... |
541,165,881,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetric non-linear $\si$ models in two space time dimensions have been
considered for many years to describe the vacuum state of superstrings
\cite{1}\cite{1a}. In particular Calabi-Yau spaces, {\it i.e.} 6 dimensional
compact K\"ahler Ricci-flat manifolds \cite {2}, appear as good candid... |
541,165,881,588 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In non-destructive testing (NDT), the goal is to inspect the internal structure of materials without causing damage to them. A widely used NDT\ technique is ultrasonic array imaging, where an array of transducers is used to obtain an image of the material under test. There are two different types... |
541,165,881,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At high temperatures the spontaneously broken symmetry of electroweak
interactions is restored \cite{kirlin1}-\cite{kirlin2}. This is a direct
consequence of the Higgs mechanism of symmetry breaking, and the
corresponding phase transition is an intriguing aspect of electroweak
interactions. It is... |
541,165,881,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Section: Introduction}
In recent years, dictionary learning based visual classification tasks have reached or even surpassed human beings' level. The ultimate goal of dictionary learning is to obtain an overcomplete dictionary to represent samples. Early dictionary learning based methods u... |
541,165,881,591 | arxiv |
\section{introduction}
The experimental system consists of a layer of liquid helium with a 2D sheet of electrons above its surface. The surface electrons (SEs) and liquid helium are sandwiched between electrodes forming a parallel-plate capacitor (see Fig 1 of main paper). An electric field $E_{\perp}$ is created perp... |
541,165,881,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The traditional approach to renormalisation theory starts from Bogoliubov
axioms imposed on the $S$-matrix (or equivalently on the chronological
products) and translates them into axioms on the Feynman amplitudes (the
so-called Hepp axioms). Then one tries to find explicit solutions of these
axi... |
541,165,881,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
BHs are special celestial bodies with strong gravitational fields. Since the general relativity has been proposed, the theoretical research and observations on BHs have been widely concerned. In 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) observed the first gr... |
541,165,881,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}%
By S. N. Bernstein \cite{Bern3}, \cite[Ch. II, Sect. 5]{Bernstb},
see also \cite{Akha}, it follows
that the error $E_n(p,a)$ of the best uniform approximation
of $|x|^p$, $p$ not an even integer, on $[-1,-a]\cup[a,1]$ by
polynomials of degree $n=2m$ the following limit exists:
\begin{equa... |
541,165,881,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
General relativity (GR) laid down the foundation of new era of
mathematical physics that has led to the discovery of the new ideas
in the field of astrophysics, cosmology, etc. Einstein came up with
the notion of matter-geometry relationship that led him to explain
the concept of gravity i... |
541,165,881,596 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Current interest in nearby solar-like stars is largely driven by
search of exo-planets. These stars are also ideally suited for the
study of binary statistics, which gives clues to the origin of stellar
and planetary systems. The 25-pc sample of \citet{R10} was rec... |
541,165,881,597 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Prime number races}
Let $\pi(x;q,a)$ denote the number of primes in the progression $a\!\! \mod q$.
For fixed $q$, the functions $\pi(x;q,a)$
(for $a\in A_q$, the set of residues coprime to $q$)
all satisfy
\begin{equation}\label{PNT} \pi(x,q,a) \sim \frac{x}{\varphi(q)\log x}... |
541,165,881,598 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Traditional language specification techniques \cite{Aho1972} require the developer to provide a textual specification of the language grammar.
In contrast, model-based language specification techniques \cite{Quesada2011b} allow the specification of languages by means of data models annotated wit... |
541,165,881,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The coalescent is a widely used model describing the genealogy of a sample taken from a population, arising as the scaling limit of numerous population models \citep{hei:etal:2005}. A key assumption of the basic coalescent is that the population size is large but constant or deterministically ch... |
541,165,881,600 | arxiv |
\section*{\bf \large References}
\list{[\arabic{enumi}]} {\settowidth \labelwidth{[#1]} \leftmargin
\labelwidth \advance \leftmargin \labelsep \usecounter{enumi}}
\def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em} \footnotesize \sloppy \clubpenalty
4000 \widowpenalty 4000 \sfcode`\.=1000 \relax}
\def\BC{\mathb... |
541,165,881,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background and motivation}
Let $A(s)$ be the Dirichlet polynomial
\begin{align} \label{defAmisc}
A(s) := \sum\limits_{n \le N} \frac{a_n}{n^s}, \quad \textnormal{with} \quad a_n \ll_\varepsilon n^\varepsilon, \quad N := T^\theta, \quad \textnormal{and} \quad \theta<1.
\end{align}
Re... |
541,165,881,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Entanglement of compound systems is known to be a key resource in quantum information allowing non-local correlations~\cite{Nie00}. In many practical applications it is of fundamental importance to know whether a state is entangled or not. Very often, however, this informati... |
541,165,881,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the decline of fossil fuels, there is a constant search for alternative energy sources. In this context, the growth of renewable energies has boosted the urgency for better energy storage devices, that is, batteries. They are often made-up of classical ingredients, be it chemical or cell-bas... |
541,165,881,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding and quantitatively characterizing rare phenomena is important to modeling, design, and decision making in a variety of science and engineering disciplines. Examples include studying the failure of materials \cite{liu2015efficient}, predicting the insolvency of financial institution... |
541,165,881,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Anderson model was proposed first to explain the absence of electronic
diffusion in certain random lattices \cite{Ande58} and later to explain
the absence
of diffusion of light in certain amorphous materials \cite{Ande85}.
In the first case, the electron energy is lower than the maxima of ... |
541,165,881,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In our real life, many complex systems can be modeled as networks for analysis, such as power, road, and social networks\cite{Watts1998Collective, Ghosh2011Statistical, Breu2007The}. Therefore, understanding and controlling different networks is of great significance for social development. Compl... |
541,165,881,607 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Liquid water behaviour as a function of temperature and pressure
differs from that of most liquids.
As a major example the presence of a line of maximum
density (TMD line) in the P-T phase diagram
is most significant,
as it divides the entire P-T phase diagram into two regions with remarkably
... |
541,165,881,608 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\textit{Diagrammatic theories} give us a way to study a wide variety of algebraic and coalgebraic structures in monoidal categories. They have played a big role in categorical quantum mechanics, almost since its inception~\cite{CD1,ContPhys,CDKZ}, and are becoming increasingly ... |
541,165,881,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The usual classical energy conditions, (NEC, WEC, SEC, DEC, and their variants), are most typically used within the context of various singularity theorems in general relativity, where they are used to enforce focussing (or defocussing) of null or timelike geodesics~\cite{Hell,Martin-Moruno:201... |
541,165,881,610 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Scientific Method}
According to the philosopher Karl Popper \cite{popper77} ``the scientific method assumes the existence of a~theory which is described by mathematical notions which, in order to be the scientific theory, must~fulfil the criterium of falsifiability i.e., it should ... |
541,165,881,611 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
As global political preeminence gradually shifted from the United Kingdom to the United States, so did the capacity to culturally influence the rest of the world. In this work, we analyze how the world-wide varieties of written English are evolving. We study both the spatial and temporal variations... |
541,165,881,612 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\def\begin{equation}{\begin{equation}}
\def\end{equation}{\end{equation}}
\def\begin{array}{l}{\begin{array}{l}}
\def\end{array}{\end{array}}
\def\begin{eqnarray}{\begin{eqnarray}}
\def\end{eqnarray}{\end{eqnarray}}
\def\eq#1{(\ref{#1})}
\def\fig#1{Fig \ref{#1}}
\def\bar{\wedge}{\... |
541,165,881,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction} Liquid crystalline
elastomers~\cite{WarnerTer2003} are fascinating hybrid materials
that combine the elastic properties of rubber with the
orientational and positional order of liquid
crystals~\cite{deGennesProst93_Chandrasekhar92}. As in
conventional liquid crystals, there e... |
541,165,881,614 | arxiv | \section*{Background}
Living standards in developed countries have improved to the point where natural selection
is no longer a major driver of human evolution; thus, spontaneous mutations, i.e. {\em de novo}
genetic variants, are routinely passed on to the next generation. Mutations that might have been
selectiv... |
541,165,881,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The fractional chromatic number $\chi_f(G)$ of a graph $G$ is {a} natural relaxation of the chromatic number $\chi(G)$ with the advantage that $\chi_f(G)$ is a lower bound for $\chi(G)$ that can be investigated by linear programming methods. The book of Scheinerman and Ullman~\cite{SU} gives a... |
541,165,881,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Correlations of particles between different regions of rapidity
have for a long time been considered to be a signature of new
physics. A shortening in the correlation length in rapidity has
been thought to signal a transition to a quark-gluon plasma \cite{qgp1,qgp2}.
Conversely, the... |
541,165,881,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our understanding of how galaxies form and evolve has changed dramatically over the last few decades \citep[e.g.][]{Dressler1980,Lilly96,MadauD2014}. This has been driven by an intense observational effort \citep[e.g.][]{Poggianti2006,Sobral2013,Bouwens2014,Darvish2016,PA2020}, along with modell... |
541,165,881,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Methods based on the use of effective energy density functionals (EDFs)
\cite{bender03} currently provide the only set of theoretical tools that
can be applied to all bound atomic nuclei but the lightest ones in a
systematic manner irrespective of their mass, isospin, and deformation.
... |
541,165,881,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivations}
Formal methods are essential to guarantee the correctness of safety critical computer systems. Techniques like model-checking~\cite{DBLP:reference/mc/2018} or automated theorem proving~\cite{DBLP:journals/pacmpl/EbnerURAM17} are now routinely used to develop systematica... |
541,165,881,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observations on Type Ia Supernovae(SNE 1a) formed the
basis for standard modeling in cosmology. Early studies\cite{riess1998observational} \cite{perlmutter1999measurements}
conducted in the late 1990's raised the possibility of the expansion
rate of the universe to be accelerating, which... |
541,165,881,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Birch-Tate conjecture states that,
for a totally real number field $K$,
the following equality should hold:
\[ |\zeta_K(-1)| = \frac{|K_2(O_K)|}{|W_2(K)|}. \]
Here $\zeta_K(s)$ is the Dedekind zeta function of $K$,
$K_2(O_K)$ is the second $K$-group of
the ring $O_K$ of integers in $K$,
and ... |
541,165,881,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electromagnetic waves in periodically structured media, such as photonic crystals and metamaterials, are a subject of ongoing interest. Typically, the propagation of waves in such media exhibits \emph{band-gaps}; see e.g. \cite{Joann,KuchRev}. These are intervals on the frequency
or energy axis w... |
541,165,881,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
Active matter is composed of agents that transform free energy into mechanical work, thus making non-equilibrium materials with attractive properties such as spatial self-organization and self-propulsion\cite{marchetti2013hydrodynamics, needleman_active_2017, bricard2013}. In this context, cytosk... |
541,165,881,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\noindent General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations are an important
tool to study many astrophysical scenarios involving neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs).
In particular, they represent the leading approach to investigate the dynamics of binary neutr... |
541,165,881,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
After the discovery of the Higgs particle in July 2012 at the LHC \cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012xdj},
the last missing piece of the standard model (SM) prediction, made almost a half-century ago \cite{Englert:1964et,Higgs:1964pj},
was completed. The SM has been tested by the
most stringent... |
541,165,881,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main purpose of this work is to apply the induced geometry approach to N=1
supergravity to the construction of N=1 SYM theory on a curved superspace.
This approach was
introduced in paper \cite{Gstr} . We refer
the reader to that paper for all details about the geometric constructions... |
541,165,881,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section introduction}
Consider a situation where an adversary attempts to disrupt a distributed system. The adversary may be attempting to jam communications, destabilize a power grid, or counter a miliary attack. We investigate the nature of the communication used to control the system... |
541,165,881,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\blfootnote{
Copyright 2021 IEEE. Published in ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), scheduled for 6-11 June 2021 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to r... |
541,165,881,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We would like to develop techniques to train AI agents that are helpful, honest, and harmless \cite{askell2021general}. In this paper we show that we can train a relatively helpful and harmless\footnote{We do not focus explicitly on honesty/truthfulness in this paper, as we believe that techni... |
541,165,881,630 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
Dynamical systems driven by external stimuli can be universally found in nature, especially in biology.
The dynamical aspects of information processing found in biology have long been a source of inspiration for researchers who wish to create a high-speed, energy efficient, and ... |
541,165,881,631 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a dynamical system $T: \Omega \rightarrow \O$ over a space and a real function $f$, the main problem in \textit{Ergodic Optimization} is to guarantee the existence and characterize the support of the maximizing measures for the system, that is, the invariant Borel probability measures max... |
541,165,881,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Propositional and modal logics, while their history goes back to ancient philosophers, have assumed an outstanding role in the age of modern computer science, with plentiful applications in software verification, modeling, artificial intelligence, or protocol design.
An important property of a l... |
541,165,881,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Logical theories based on strings (or words) over a finite alphabet have been an important topic of study for decades. Connections to arithmetic (see e.g. Quine~\cite{quine1946}) and fundamental questions about free (semi)groups underpinned interest in logics involving concatenation and equality.... |
541,165,881,634 | arxiv | \section{A quickstart guide to the AZ algorithm}%
\label{sec:a_quickstart_guide_to_the_az_algorithm}
The Wilf--Zeilberger method of definite summation is a breakthrough in
automatic summation techniques. Roughly, the Wilf--Zeilberger method can
automatically prove (and semi-automatically discover) most commonly occurr... |
541,165,881,635 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
The classical S-lemma for commutative polynomials
answers the question that when one quadratic inequality is a
consequence of some other quadratic inequalities \cite{PITT2007}. Thus, it is a
special form of Positivstellensatz from real algebraic geometry which
characterizes polynomials that ... |
541,165,881,636 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Quantum entanglement, one of the most intriguing aspects of quantum mechanics,
is an essential resource to quantum information science \cite{Horodecki2009,Giraldi2001}. Therefore, generating a variety of entangled states have been paid much attention in diverse quantum systems \cite{Chuang1995,Re... |
541,165,881,637 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
The massive stellar binary system $\eta$ Carinae displays a
periodicity of $5.54$ years in many emission lines and in the
continuum, from the IR (e.g., Whitelock et al.\ 2004) to the X-ray
(Corcoran et al.\ 2001a; Corcoran 2005; Corcoran et al.\ 2004a,b).
The fading of high exc... |
541,165,881,638 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Frame interpolation is one of the most challenging tasks in the computer vision. The goal of the frame interpolation is to increase the number of frames in a video sequence to make it more visually appealing. Numerous approaches were proposed to solve this problem \cite{JiefuZhai} \cite{SimoneMe... |
541,165,881,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A set of engineering problems are concerned with aggregates simulation. As a rule models of every part of aggregate are simple.
However model of whole aggregate may be very complicated. That is the purpose to which the framework has been developed. You can download source code and
evaluate exa... |
541,165,881,640 | arxiv | \section{1 - Introduction}\label{introduction}}
The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines ``transformative'' as
\begin{quote}
``{[}To{]} cause or be able to cause lasting change in someone or
something''
(\protect\hyperlink{ref-merrian_webster_dictionary_definition_2022}{Dictionary,
2022})
\end{quote}
Following this de... |
541,165,881,641 | arxiv | \section{The method of characteristics, existence and uniqueness of regular solutions.}\label{L1}
We consider a $C^2$ Hamiltonian
$$H(t,q,p):\Rm\times \Rm^d \times \Rm^{d*}\lto \Rm
$$
and study the associated Hamiltonian system
\begin{equation}\label{HS}\tag{HS}
\dot q(t)=\partial _pH(t,q(t),p(t))\quad,\quad
\do... |
541,165,881,642 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The question of the order parameter symmetry is one of the central issues of
high-temperature superconductivity. There is a general consensus that the
superconducting gap is highly anisotropic, but whether the gap has a particular
symmetry under rotations is still
a matter of debate. A number o... |
541,165,881,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Some difficulties have arisen in giving a
precise meaning to the notion of particles in curved
space time\cite{HAW}\cite{HAJ1}\cite{HAJ2}
(for a review on the subject of quantum fields in
curved space-time see \cite{BD}). These are due to the
curvature of space, which
creates particles ... |
541,165,881,644 | arxiv | \section{\protect\bigskip Introduction}
Since the discovery of the high $T_{c}$ cuprate superconducting material
\cite{1}, it is gradually realized that the strong correlation effect of
electrons play a key role in understanding of the normal and superconducting
states of these materials\cite{2,3,4,5}. Up to now t... |
541,165,881,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems occur whenever there is a requirement to select the best option from a finite set of alternatives. They arise in a wide range of application areas, including business, medicine, and engineering \citep{paschos2013applications}.
Many CO problems are NP-compl... |
541,165,881,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many combinatorial classes are naturally endowed with a reflection operation, namely, an involution.
For those classes, it is natural to study the subset of objects that are {\em symmetric}, that is, invariant under such reflection. Some examples of symmetric combinatorial objects in the literat... |
541,165,881,647 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Catalan is a Romance language evolved in the north-east of the Iberian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire \cite{Lleal1990, Vila2008}. This language was linked to the political institutions emerging in that region within the Crown of Arag\'on. This polity included s... |
541,165,881,648 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental material}
\subsection{Details on entanglement entropy measurements}
As described in the main text, we make use of the Levin-Wen construction \cite{levin2006:tee} to extract the topological entanglement entropy, which can be written as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:TEES}
2\gamma=S^{(2)}_{\mybendr} ... |
541,165,881,649 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{table*}
\caption{Overview of the follow-up observations, giving dates,
telescopes, instruments and observers. For details of the set-ups of
the different instruments, see text.}
\label{tab:obs}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lllll}\hline \hline
Date & Observatory & Telesco... |
541,165,881,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quest to uncover the identity of dark matter (DM) is one of the
key challenges facing fundamental physics. Of the many types of dark
matter candidates proposed, Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
(WIMPs) are singled out as theoretically compelling candidates that
can be meaningfully pro... |
541,165,881,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A \emph{Bailey pair} relative to $a$ is a pair of sequences $(\alpha_n,\beta_n)_{n \geq 0}$ satisfying
\begin{equation} \label{pairdef}
\beta_n = \sum_{k=0}^n \frac{\alpha_k}{(q)_{n-k}(aq)_{n+k}}.
\end{equation}
Here we have used the standard $q$-hypergeometric notation,
\begin{equat... |
541,165,881,652 | arxiv | \section{Background}
\label{sec:background}
The goal of this section is to given an overview on foundational models. More specifically, we describe how BERT models are trained, and how they learn numerical representations (i.e., high-dimensional vectors) -- also called \textit{embeddings} -- for words. However, bef... |
541,165,881,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Due to the heterogeneity in patients' responses to the treatment, one-size-fits-all strategy may no longer be optimal \citep{jiang2017estimation}. Precision medicine aims to identify the most effective treatment strategy based on individual patient information. For example, for many complex dis... |
541,165,881,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A long-standing and long-term problem in the quantum Hall effect
\cite{gp} is the understanding of Laughlin incompressible fluids
\cite{laughlin}, their geometry and dynamics, in relatively simple
analytic terms. For what concerns the edge physics, a clear
description has been given by the conf... |
541,165,881,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we concentrate on the calculation of two-loop form factors of half-BPS operators in $\cN=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM).
In particular we look at operators of the form $\cO_k :={\rm Tr} (\phi_{12}^k)$,
with $k>2$, and their superpartners, which can be packaged into a ... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.