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541,165,881,756
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Focused Ion-Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography is an instrument capable of producing a three-dimensional (3D) data cube of a material through SEM imaging of a series of successive FIB cross-sections (\emph{i.e.},\xspace slices): a FIB is used to remove a laye...
541,165,881,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As a family of brain inspired models, deep neural networks (DNNs) have substantially advanced a variety of artificial intelligence tasks including image classification~\cite{krizhevsky2012, simonyan2014, he2016}, natural language processing, speech recognition and face recognition. Despite thes...
541,165,881,758
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Non-recurrent traffic disruptions are a major source of travel delays and air pollution in urban environments \citep{vlahogianni2010freeway, lee2012tim}. As urban traffic around the world increases constantly, main roads encounter more vehicle breakdowns, crashes, adver...
541,165,881,759
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} For each prime number $p$, we consider a graph whose vertices are triples in $\mathbb{F}_p^3$, with edges connecting a vertex $(x,y,z)$ to \begin{align*} m_1(x,y,z) &= (yz-x,y,z) \\ m_2(x,y,z) &= (x,xz-y,z) \\ m_3(x,y,z) &= (x,y,xy-z) \end{align*} The operations $m_1, m_...
541,165,881,760
arxiv
\subsection{Partition regularity} The central notion we are going to consider in this article is the one of partition regularity. This concept comes from Ramsey theory and can be considered as a generalization of the infinite pigeonhole principle. \begin{definition} A \emph{partition regular} class is a collection ...
541,165,881,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the great challenges in astrophysics is to understand the star formation process. Stars form in groups where the mean stellar density exceeds that of the Galactic field by several orders of magnitude \citep{Lada03,Porras03,Bressert10}. At these high densities, environmental conditions can...
541,165,881,762
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As the improved hardware and increased availability of mobile apps are expected to provide personalized user experience, protect users' privacy, and offer minimum latency, mobile Artificial Intelligence (AI) finds application in a wide range of domains, including image classification, healthcare...
541,165,881,763
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Imagine you are given the task of Tower of Hanoi with ten disks, what would you probably do to solve this complex problem? This game looks daunting at the first glance. However through trials and errors, one may discover the key is to recursively relocate the disks on the top of the stack from o...
541,165,881,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} In the present paper we study the Hill's operator \[\widehat{L}_{H} = -\dfrac{d^2}{dx^2} + \ q(x), \] in the Hilbert space $L^2(0, 1)$, where $\ q(x)=q(x+1)$ is an arbitrary complex-valued function of $L^2(0, 1)$. The closure in $L^2(0, 1)$ of the operator $\widehat{L}_{H}$ conside...
541,165,881,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The purpose of this article is to prove Gaussian decay for the $\Box_b$ heat kernel on polynomial models in $\mathbb C^2$ and introduce a class of estimates called quantitative smoothness estimates. We develop a new method for obtaining exponential decay via the Fourier transfor...
541,165,881,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The stellar kinematics of galaxies represent a meaningful benchmark for modern models of galaxy formation. Recent advances in integral field spectroscopy revealed a rich variety of kinematical features in the line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD), especially in {early-type galaxies} (\mbox{...
541,165,881,767
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, Tanaka {\it et al.} reported observation of fractionalization of magnetic flux $\Phi_0$ in a thin superconducting Nb bi-layer \cite{Tanaka} through magnetic field distribution image taken by a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope. As an earlier relevan...
541,165,881,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Paper I of this series (Machalski, Koziel-Wierzbowska \& Jamrozy, 2007) a problem of the cosmological evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) was recalled and a necessity to find distant (z$>$0.5) "giant"-sized radio sources (hereafter referred to as GRSs) with a very low energy densities ...
541,165,881,769
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A precise control of the motion in narrow tracks of stable localized excitations is desirable to realize different devices of current interest in applied physics research. Paradigmatic examples are magnetic domain walls ~\cite{Parkin2008,Emori2013,Blasing2020} or skyrmions \cite{Kiselev2011,Schu...
541,165,881,770
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:AtmosNu}Introduction } Sterile neutrinos with masses in the range $\Delta m^2 = 0.1$~${\rm eV}^2 - 10~{\rm eV}^2$ have been posited to explain anomalies in accelerator \cite{Athanassopoulos:1996jb,Aguilar:2001ty,Aguilar-Arevalo:2013pmq}, reactor \cite{Mention:2011rk}, and radioactive source~\cite{B...
541,165,881,771
arxiv
\section*{1. Introduction} Quantum entanglement \cite{qe1} is of special importance in quantum information processing such as quantum teleportation, dense coding and remote state preparation. To quantify quantum entanglement various entanglement measures have been suggested \cite{ASHD}. Considerable efforts have be...
541,165,881,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:introduction}} Over the past three decades, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has been established alongside conventional CFD methods as an efficient scheme for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. A variety of complex flow problems \cite{BENZI1992145,doi:10.1146/an...
541,165,881,773
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \input{./sections_revised/1_introduction.tex} \section{RANC Ecosystem}\label{sec:ecosystem} \input{./sections_revised/2_ecosystem.tex} \section{Architectural Verification} \label{sec:verification} \input{./sections_revised/3_verification.tex} \section{Case Studies}\labe...
541,165,881,774
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro.sec} Petri nets, or equivalently vector addition systems (VASs), have proved useful to model numerous artificial and natural systems. Their weighted version allows weights (multiplicities) on arcs, making possible the bulk consumption or production of tokens, hence a more compact r...
541,165,881,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction} All graphs in this paper are finite and have no loops or parallel edges. A {\em hole} in a graph is an induced subgraph which is a cycle of length at least four. The {\em length} of a path or cycle $A$ is the number of edges in $A$ and the {\em parity} of $A$ is the parity of its length. For grap...
541,165,881,776
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} {\bf The ATLAS detector at the LHC is equipped with dedicated systems designed for the detection of forward protons produced in diffractive and photon-induced processes. These detectors significantly extend the ATLAS physics reach. Recent measurements performed using these forward proton detectors: ...
541,165,881,777
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ramsey theory, an important and lively branch of combinatorics, concerns the appearance of structure in large and potentially unstructured objects. It was initiated by Ramsey's theorem, which implies that for every graph~$F$ and every number~$r$, if~$N$ is large enough then any $r$-colouring of ...
541,165,881,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We will assume that all algebras are considered over the field $\mathsf k$ of characteristic zero. Let $G$ be a finite group acting linearly on the ring of polynomials $\mathsf k [x_1, \ldots, x_n]$. The ring of invariants $\mathsf k [x_1, \ldots, x_n]^G$ is polynomial if and only if $G$ is a ...
541,165,881,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large-scale fluids such as atmosphere and ocean are parts of geophysical fluids, and the Coriolis force due to the earth rotation plays a significant role in the large scale flows considered in meteorology and geophysics.\\ Mathematically, it was first investigated by Poincar\'e \cite{Po}. L...
541,165,881,780
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Graphs are powerful and expressive data structures, and they serve as a common language for modeling relational data, such as knowledge and social networks. In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been proposed for deep learning on graph data. Due to GNNs' dem...
541,165,881,781
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $R$ be a ring and $M$, $X$ $R$-modules. The \emph{trace module of $M$ in $X$}, denoted $\T X M$, is the $R$-module $\sum \alpha (M)$ as $\alpha $ ranges over $\hom R M X$. Such a trace module is \emph{proper} provided $\T X M \subsetneq X$. We identify a link between trace modules over $...
541,165,881,782
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In a recent paper Bender et al\cite{BGOPY13} discussed the classical and quantum-mechanical versions of a system of two coupled linear oscillators one with gain and the other with loss. When the gain and loss parameters are equal the Hamiltonian derived from the classic...
541,165,881,783
arxiv
\section{Introduction:} Biomolecules ($DNA$ \& $proteins$) live in the crowded, constrained regime. Such molecules are soft object and therefore can be easily squeezed into spaces that are much smaller than the natural size of the molecule in the bulk. For instance, $actin$ filaments in $eukaryotic$ cell \cite{1} or $p...
541,165,881,784
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The unprecedented popularity of wireless communicating devices inflicts enormous challenges on existing wireless communication systems. Future wireless networks are envisioned to be turned into a distributed intelligent communications, sensing, and computing platform \cite{smart-radio}. Among va...
541,165,881,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Int} The improvements in performances and efficiency induced by periodic operations and controls have been increasingly valuable in the current world. The optimization of periodic processes and phenomena leads naturally to periodic optimal control (OC) problems, which has been the subject...
541,165,881,786
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the Dirac equation on the unit torus in one or two dimensions (1D or 2D), which can be represented in the two-component form with wave function $\Phi : = \Phi(t, {\mathbf{x}}) = (\phi_1(t, {\mathbf{x}}), \phi_2(t, {\mathbf{x}}))^T \in \mathbb{C}^2$ \citep{BCJT,CW,Dirac1...
541,165,881,787
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that the lattice local axial vector current $A_\mu^{\rm loc} = \overline{\psi}(x) \gamma_\mu\gamma_5 \psi(x)$ does not satisfy the continuum form of the axial Ward identity \begin{equation} \partial_\mu A_\mu(x) = 2mP(x), \quad P(x)=\bar{\psi}(x)\gamma_5 \psi(x)\,, \end{equati...
541,165,881,788
arxiv
\subsection{Notations and terminology} Let $k$ be a characteristic zero field, $F|k$ be an algebraically closed extension of countable transcendence degree, and $G=G_{F|k}$ be the group of field automorphisms of $F$ leaving $k$ fixed. Let $B$ be the collection of the pointwise stabilizers of the finite subsets in $...
541,165,881,789
arxiv
\section{Executive Summary} Accelerator and beam physics (ABP) is the science of the motion, generation, acceleration, manipulation, prediction, observation and use of charged particle beams. The impressive advancements of accelerator frontiers is inseparable from fundamental accelerator and beam physics research and ...
541,165,881,790
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s::intro} Performing Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations requires to numerically solve Newton's equations of motion for a system of interacting particles. Modern simulations rely on Molecular Mechanics to evaluate the different physical interactions acting on an ensemble of particles. The...
541,165,881,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of topological insulators more than ten years ago~\cite{hsieh_BiSb_nature_08,hsieh_science_2009,kane_hasan_review_2010} has kicked off a classification program of topological band structures~\cite{schnyder_classification_2008,kitaev_classification_2009,chiu_RMP_16}, which is stil...
541,165,881,792
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction} Computer control of experiments is a common task of ever increasing complexity in physics. The implementation of long sequences of events where different instruments must execute commands at a given time is mandatory for all but the simplest experiments. In the past, the...
541,165,881,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introductions} Understanding the behavior of charged macroions in solution is an important problem in fundamental science \cite{barrat96a} as well as in industrial \cite{hara93a} and biological applications \cite{holm01a}. Charged stabilized colloidal dispersions are present in paints, in...
541,165,881,794
arxiv
\section*{Contributions and Outline} \section{Analysis of the over-squashing phenomenon} \label{sec:analysis_bottleneck} \subsection{Preliminaries} Let $G = (V,E)$ be a simple, undirected, and connected graph, where $(i,j) \in E$ iff $i \sim j$. We focus on the unweighted case, although the theory extends to the weigh...
541,165,881,795
arxiv
\section{} \section{Introduction} It is well known that the chaotic motions of Hamiltonian dynamical systems exhibit slow dynamics, such as the polynomial decay of the time correlation function and the $\omega^{-\nu}$ power spectrum~\cite{Aizawa89b, Karney83,ChirikovShepelyansky84,GeiselZacherlRadons87}. These slow mot...
541,165,881,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} As fermion optics research grows, spurred for example by applications to fermionic quantum information processing~\cite{Sig05}, the formal question of how to deal with fermionic coherence mathematically becomes important. For bosons, the natural way to describe coherence and...
541,165,881,797
arxiv
\subsection{The algorithm} \def\pure{\mathrm{pure}} \def\mixed{\mathrm{mixed}} Consider a monomial $\beta^i v_1^j v_2^k \in \CC[\beta, v_1, v_2]$. Using Groebner basis techniques, we can easily reduce this modulo the ideal $$I = \langle \beta\gamma-1, v_1-\beta^n w_1, v_2-\beta^m w_2 - \partial_{w_1}\til{E}(\g...
541,165,881,798
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Convolutional Neural Networks dominates image and video analysis methods. Their ever growing utilization had raise the complexity to the point they are understood as a black box. These deeper networks consist of parameters in the order of the millions, therefore transforming th...
541,165,881,799
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In quantum mechanics, the Schr\"odinger equations which can be completely solved by algebraic methods are rather exceptional. One can attenuate the condition of complete solvability by asking that, at least, a few eigenvectors can be obtained by an algebraic method. The so called ``quasi exactly...
541,165,881,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Pulsars are rapidly-rotating neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields. They emit weak radio beams from their magnetic poles which can be seen as pulses with extremely stable periods. They are used as tools in a wide range of physical experiments: low-frequency gravitation...
541,165,881,801
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Besides the great success of the NASA WMAP satellite on providing a detailed knowledge of the cosmological parameters that define the physical properties of the Universe (e.g.,~\cite{komatsu09, larson10}), some unexpected results have attracted the attention of the cosmological comm...
541,165,881,802
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the gossip problem (\cite{tijdeman:1971,baker72gossips}, see also \cite{HHL88} for an overview) a number $n$ of agents, each one knowing a piece of information (a \emph{secret}) unknown to the others, communicate by one-to-one interactions (e.g., telephone calls). The result of each call is t...
541,165,881,803
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{-0.2cm} Eyes and their movements are considered an important cue in non-verbal behavior analysis, being involved in many cognitive processes and reflecting our internal state \cite{liversedge2000saccadic}. More specifically, eye gaze behavior, as an indicator of human v...
541,165,881,804
arxiv
\section{Overview} In this paper, we introduce a model theoretic construction for the theories of \linebreak uniform layered domains and semifields and prove that for a given layering semifield $L$, the theory of uniform $L$-layered divisibly closed semifields is complete. In the first section we introduce the mode...
541,165,881,805
arxiv
\section{The Charmonium System} The system of mesons formed of a charm quark and its antiquark is known as charmonium. The energy states of this system are well-determined experimentally \cite{charmonium-pdg} and there are a number of states below the `open charm' threshold for decay into $D\bar{D}$. These states can b...
541,165,881,806
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} Let $G_n$ be a split special odd orthogonal group $\mathrm{SO}_{2n+1}(F)$ or a symplectic group $\mathrm{Sp}_{2n}(F)$ of rank $n$ over a $p$-adic field $F$. An \emph{$A$-parameter} for $G_n$ is a homomorphism \[ \psi \colon W_F \times \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C}) \times \ma...
541,165,881,807
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While the existence of dark matter (DM) has only been inferred from its gravitational interactions, additional couplings are usually required to explain its observed relic abundance. Couplings to Standard Model (SM) states are strongly constrained by the combination of direct, indirect and colli...
541,165,881,808
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Postural control is crucial for maintaining independence and quality of life. The two components of posture, orientation and balance, require continual adjustment and coordination between afferent sensory inputs and neuromuscular control~\cite{kandel2000neuralscience,winter1995balance,bell1998bi...
541,165,881,809
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Statement of Results}\label{intro} The estimation of partition functions has a long history. Hardy and Ramanujan \cite{HR} initiated this subject by proving the asymptotic formula \[ p(n)\sim\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}n}e^{\pi\sqrt{\frac{2n}{3}}}\qquad (n\to\infty) \] for the integer partition function...
541,165,881,810
arxiv
\section{Dynamic Placement Algorithms}\label{sec:algos} \subsection{Overview}\label{subsec:overview} In this section, we present the three dynamic placement algorithms for edge computing applications based on microservices architecture. These algorithms are generalizable to any network topology and applicat...
541,165,881,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many of the existing observations in 2D foam rheology \cite{Debregeas01,Lauridsen02,Lauridsen04,Wang06} may be accounted for within the general continuum model that incorporates bulk dissipation and, where appropriate, wall drag \cite{Janiaud06,ClancyEtal06,JaniaudEtal07,WeaireEtal08b}. One fe...
541,165,881,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{-.1in} Radiologists are exceptionally trained specialists who play a crucial role interpreting and assisting other doctors and specialists in diagnosing and treating diseases. Their training program typically requires the trainee to solve tasks of increasing difficulty~\...
541,165,881,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec::Introduction} A point cloud is a set of 3D points that can be used to represent a 3D surface. Each point is usually associated with one single color along with other attributes. The point cloud can be used in many applications involving the rendering of 3D objects \cite{Tulvan2016} su...
541,165,881,814
arxiv
\section*{} \vspace{-1cm} \footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; E-mail: rcvcoelho@fc.ul.pt}} \footnotetext{\textit{$^{b}$~Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisb...
541,165,881,815
arxiv
\section*{Plain Language Summary} Climate models are computer simulation codes that incorporate centuries of human knowledge of the physics of planet Earth. They are used to understand the past, the present and make projections about the future of our climate. To validate a climate model, scientists tune a number of it...
541,165,881,816
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A key to understanding the pairing mechanism in the superconducting state of the iron pnictide and chalcogenide superconductors is characterizing the nature of the electronic interactions that are responsible for the competing spin-density-wave (SDW) state. The origin of the magnetic order, whic...
541,165,881,817
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of continuous-discrete (continuous-continuous) filtering is to estimate the state that is described by a continuous-time stochastic process from the observations of a related discrete-time (continuous-time) stochastic process called the measurement process. The complete solution of t...
541,165,881,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The solar corona is still enigmatic from a scientific point of view, with important unsolved questions about its nature pending, such as solar wind acceleration and coronal heating \citep{ROG:ROG1641,2012RSPTA.370.3217P}. While finding solutions to these questions is important on its own, it is ...
541,165,881,819
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The numbers of radio-quiet (RQ) and radio-loud (RL) gamma-ray pulsars detected have increased rapidly during recent years thanks to the launch of the \textit{Fermi} Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The observed differences between RQ and RL pulsars are expected to be not intrinsi...
541,165,881,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Angular momentum has long been regarded as a crucial ingredient of the cosmic recipe that governs the formation and evolution of galaxies. In the current structure formation paradigm, the net spin of a dark matter halo and of its luminous component originates in torques exerted...
541,165,881,821
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Black holes are central to several areas of astrophysics and supermassive black holes in the cores of galaxies are important factors in galactic evolution. Black holes in astrophysical environments are surrounded by matter and fluids which may form accretion disks orbiti...
541,165,881,822
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Motivated by a wide range of applications, unbounded (non-self-adjoint) operator matrices emerge from coupled systems of linear partial differential equations and have been of considerable interest, see e.g.\ the monograph \cite{Tretter-2008} and the references therein. Typically, the spectr...
541,165,881,823
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Long-range magnetic orders in quasi-periodic lattice have been fascinating and challenging targets since the discovery of quasicrystals~\cite{Shechtman84}. First investigation of magnetism in quasicrystals was performed in Al-Mn based alloy in 1986~\cite{Fukamichi86,Warren86,Hauser86}. Next, Be...
541,165,881,824
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A fundamental task in Physics is the description of the matter-light interaction. The most simple model to deal with is the Rabi model \cite{Rabi}% , which describes the interaction of a two-level atom with a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic (EM) field. The Rabi Hamiltonian (RH) read...
541,165,881,825
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) observatories, LIGO~\cite{aLIGO} and Virgo~\cite{aVirgo} detected GW170817 \cite{GW170817:prl} in about 1.7 seconds advance the observation of a short GRB, GRB170817A~\cite{GRB170817A:gcn} which was identified by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (G...
541,165,881,826
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) Photometric H$\alpha$ survey \citep[IPHAS;][]{Drew2005,Gonzalez2008,Barentsen2014} was designed to provide a more complete sampling of the stellar population in the Northern Galactic Plane between $\pm$5$^{\circ}$. In particular, the survey has all...
541,165,881,827
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Section:1} We are living in a world full of relations. It is of great significance to explore existing social relationships as well as predict potential relationships. These abundant relations generally exist among multiple entities; thus, these relations are also called multivariate rela...
541,165,881,828
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors are power-recycled Michelson interferometers with Fabry-Perot arm cavities.~\cite{LIGOdetectors} These detectors can sense differential-length variations with amplitude spectral densities on the order of $10^{-19}$~m$/\sqrt{...
541,165,881,829
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{EK_Weyl}, we computed the Weyl groups of all fine gradings on matrix algebras, the Cayley algebra $\cC$ and the Albert algebra $\cA$ over an algebraically closed field $\FF$ ($\chr{\FF}\ne 2$ in the case of the Albert algebra). It is well known that $\Der(\cC)$ is a simple Lie algebra...
541,165,881,830
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} The moduli spaces of K\"ahler and complex structure deformations of Calabi-Yau manifolds are naturally related to Special K\"ahler (SK) and quaternion-K\"ahler (QK) geometry. Consequently, these types of manifolds arise in the low energy effective action of string theory ...
541,165,881,831
arxiv
\subsubsection{The $l=2$ ice cone graph} Using reduce we can find the following inhomogeneous differential equation governing the $l=2$ ice cone graph \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} &\left( 4 (-9+s) s^2+2 \left(-36+30 s-52 s^2+7 s^3\right) \theta +(-4+s) \left(18-23 s+14s^2\right) \theta ^2 \right. \\ &\quad \left...
541,165,881,832
arxiv
\section{Example results for EEV variance versus system size\label{sec:Example-results-for}} Figure \ref{fig:example-fit} shows how the exponent $\alpha$ for the scaling of the EEV variance $V$ with Hilbert space dimension $D_{H}$ is extracted. The results shown in Fig. \ref{fig:alpha-vs-u} of the main text are obtain...
541,165,881,833
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are believed to occur through the sudden conversion of magnetic energy into bulk kinetic energy as well as heating and particle acceleration \cite{Forbes2000,Klimchuk2001,Lin2003,Moore2006}. Models of these events generally include a twisted flux rope, or sheared ...
541,165,881,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries} The notion of almost periodicity was introduced by the Danish mathematician H. Bohr around 1924-1926 and later generalized by many other authors (for further information regarding almost periodic functions, we refer the reader to the research monographs \cite{besik}, \cite{di...
541,165,881,835
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_introduction} Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) \cite{coulom2006efficient} is a state-of-the-art planning algorithm \cite{browne2012survey,chaslot2008monte}. The strength of MCTS is the use of statistical uncertainty to balance exploration versus exploitation \cite{munos2014bandits}. A po...
541,165,881,836
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \subsection{Equation details the for Linear dynamics experiment} \textbf{Linear and Gaussian dataset matrices:} The differential equations that describe the dynamics are ($c =0.06$, $\tau = 0.17$): \begin{align}\label{eq:non_uniform_accelerated} \frac{\partial p}{\partial t} & = v, & \fr...
541,165,881,837
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} This paper deals with the semi-stability of radial solutions $u\in H^1(B_1)$ of \begin{equation}\label{mainequation} -\Delta u=g(u) \ \ \mbox{ in } B_1\setminus \{ 0\}\, , \end{equation} \noindent where $B_1$ is the unit ball of $\mathbb R^N$, and $g\in C^1(\mathbb R)$ is a g...
541,165,881,838
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction} Introduction} The Structure of the Universe is seeded by the perturbations in the early universe. Statistical properties of these primordial perturbations are well summarised by their power spectrum. The simplest models of inflation predict the primordial (scalar) power spectrum to be...
541,165,881,839
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In the area of wireless communications, especially with low-power nodes that are not capable of accommodating multiple antennas, making use of cooperation between nodes is a preferred method for creating spatial diversity resulting from the broadcast nature of the communication medium. Through c...
541,165,881,840
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The means by which neurons in a biological network act in coordination to yield patterned electrical activity is a largely open problem. One important question is how the electrophysiological properties of the individual neurons must relate to their synaptic connectivity, such that a reliable p...
541,165,881,841
arxiv
\section{Auxiliary results.} \label{app} In derivation of our results we use the inversion formulae for block partitioned square matrices, included below for the convenience of reader: \begin{itemize} \item assuming that the inverse matrices exist (cf. \ch{MR0346957}, Problem 1.2.8 ), {\small \begin{equation}\label{p12...
541,165,881,842
arxiv
\section{Density Budget of the Universe} As you know, the Universe becomes almost homogeneous and isotropic, when viewed on a sufficiently large scale. This suggests very strongly that it may be described approximately by a Robertson-Walker-Friedmann metric. The crucial parameters describing the expansion of the Univ...
541,165,881,843
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} The aim of these lectures is to explain toric geometry to young researchers in theoretical physics who might have had no prior exposure to the basic concepts of algebraic geometry. Since the subject of algebraic geometry is often seen as very abstract, on the one hand, whi...
541,165,881,844
arxiv
\section*{Appendix #1: #2} \renewcommand{\theequation}{#1.\arabic{equation}} } \def\op#1{\mathop{\fam0 #1}\limits}\defH\'aj\'\i\v cek~{H\'aj\'\i\v cek~} \defEin\-stein~{Ein\-stein~} \defSch\-r\"o\-din\-ger{Sch\-r\"o\-din\-ger} \def\hbox{\rm sinh}{\hbox{\rm sinh}} \def\hbox{\rm cosh}{\hbox{\rm cosh}} \def\hbox{...
541,165,881,845
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{L}{ow}-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, first described by Gallager \cite{Gal62}, are an important class of modern error correcting codes. As a function of channel quality, the error rate performance of an LDPC code under iterative decoding is typically divided into two regions. T...
541,165,881,846
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, the spatial Besov regularity of the solutions of linear stochastic evolution equations on bounded Lipschitz domains is studied. We combine \fli regularity \ilf results by \textsc{Kim} \cite{Kim08} on stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs, for short) on Lipschitz domains...
541,165,881,847
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Chromatic dispersion resulting from the wavelength-dependence of the refractive index is an inescapable feature of optical materials, which leads to pulse broadening and distortion \cite{SalehBook07,Weiner09Book}. One may combat its impact via dispersion \textit{compensation} or dispersion \text...
541,165,881,848
arxiv
\section{Introduction} By observing long-range muons produced in the charged-current reactions $(\nu_{\mu},\bar{\nu}_{\mu})N \rightarrow \mu^{\mp} + \hbox{anything}$, we can hope to detect ultrahigh-energy (UHE) neutrinos from extraterrestrial sources. The diffuse spectrum of neutrinos produced in the interaction...
541,165,881,849
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In Einstein theory of Gravity Newtonian gravitational constant $G$ and Cosmological term $\Lambda$ are considered as fundamental constants. The Newtonian constant of gravitation $G$ plays the role of coupling constant between geometry of space and matter in Einstein field equations. In an evolvi...
541,165,881,850
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{i} We consider a barotropic flow of a compressible viscous fluid in the absence of external forces. Such flow is described by the isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes system \bFormula{i1a} \partial_t \vr + \Div (\vr \vu) = 0, \eF \bFormula{i1b} \partial_t (\vr \vu) + \Div (\vr \vu ...
541,165,881,851
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{ch:msn:intro} In the last couple of years the modeling of financial data observed at high-frequency became one of the major research topics in the field of financial econometrics. It is of high practical relevance because a rising number of market participants execute trades based on high-...
541,165,881,852
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} In 1927 Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty relation, which expresses the fact that the expectation values of two non-commuting observables cannot be determined with arbitrary precision. He demonstrated this by means of a $\gamma$-ray-microscope, which since then has been discussed in many tex...
541,165,881,853
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:kidsonthephone_introduction} The use of mobile devices and the internet by children has increased rapidly in the past decade, approaching saturation by middle childhood in developed countries. Research has been published, exploring both positive and negative consequences of this increa...
541,165,881,854
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A $3$-valent $n$-vertex plane graph is denoted $q_n$ if it has only $q$- and $6$-gonal faces. The graphs $5_n$ correspond to {\em fullerenes}, well-known in Organic Chemistry; graphs $4_n, 3_n$ are also used there. See \cite{DG2} for $\ell_1$-embedding of graphs $q_n$. Denote by $Aut$ the auto...
541,165,881,855
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The simulation of a queueing system is normally an iterative process which involves generation of random variables associated with current events in the system, and evaluation of the system state variables when new events occur \cite{1,2,3,4,5}. In a system being simulated the random variable...