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541,165,881,756 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Focused Ion-Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography is an instrument capable of producing a three-dimensional (3D) data cube of a material through SEM imaging of a series of successive FIB cross-sections (\emph{i.e.},\xspace slices): a FIB is used to remove a laye... |
541,165,881,757 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a family of brain inspired models, deep neural networks (DNNs) have substantially advanced a variety of artificial intelligence tasks including image classification~\cite{krizhevsky2012, simonyan2014, he2016}, natural language processing, speech recognition and face recognition.
Despite thes... |
541,165,881,758 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Non-recurrent traffic disruptions are a major source of travel delays and air pollution in urban environments \citep{vlahogianni2010freeway, lee2012tim}.
As urban traffic around the world increases constantly, main roads encounter more vehicle breakdowns, crashes, adver... |
541,165,881,759 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
For each prime number $p$, we consider a graph whose vertices are triples
in $\mathbb{F}_p^3$, with edges connecting a vertex $(x,y,z)$ to
\begin{align*}
m_1(x,y,z) &= (yz-x,y,z) \\
m_2(x,y,z) &= (x,xz-y,z) \\
m_3(x,y,z) &= (x,y,xy-z)
\end{align*}
The operations $m_1, m_... |
541,165,881,760 | arxiv |
\subsection{Partition regularity}
The central notion we are going to consider in this article is the one of partition regularity.
This concept comes from Ramsey theory and can be considered as a generalization of the infinite pigeonhole principle.
\begin{definition}
A \emph{partition regular} class is a collection ... |
541,165,881,761 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the great challenges in astrophysics is to understand the star formation process. Stars form in groups where the mean stellar density exceeds that of the Galactic field by several orders of magnitude \citep{Lada03,Porras03,Bressert10}. At these high densities, environmental conditions can... |
541,165,881,762 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As the improved hardware and increased availability of mobile apps are expected to provide personalized user experience, protect users' privacy, and offer minimum latency, mobile Artificial Intelligence (AI) finds application in a wide range of domains, including image classification, healthcare... |
541,165,881,763 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Imagine you are given the task of Tower of Hanoi with ten disks, what would you probably do to solve this complex problem? This game looks daunting at the first glance. However through trials and errors, one may discover the key is to recursively relocate the disks on the top of the stack from o... |
541,165,881,764 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
In the present paper we study the Hill's operator
\[\widehat{L}_{H} = -\dfrac{d^2}{dx^2} + \ q(x), \]
in the Hilbert space $L^2(0, 1)$, where $\ q(x)=q(x+1)$ is an arbitrary complex-valued function of $L^2(0, 1)$.
The closure in $L^2(0, 1)$ of the operator $\widehat{L}_{H}$ conside... |
541,165,881,765 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The purpose of this article is to prove Gaussian decay for the $\Box_b$ heat kernel on
polynomial models in $\mathbb C^2$ and introduce a class of estimates called quantitative smoothness estimates.
We develop a new method for obtaining exponential decay via the Fourier transfor... |
541,165,881,766 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The stellar kinematics of galaxies represent a meaningful benchmark for modern models of galaxy formation. Recent advances in
integral field spectroscopy revealed a rich variety of kinematical features in the line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD), especially
in {early-type galaxies} (\mbox{... |
541,165,881,767 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, Tanaka {\it et al.} reported observation of fractionalization of magnetic flux $\Phi_0$ in a thin superconducting Nb bi-layer \cite{Tanaka} through magnetic field distribution image taken by a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscope. As an earlier relevan... |
541,165,881,768 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Paper I of this series (Machalski, Koziel-Wierzbowska \& Jamrozy, 2007) a problem
of the cosmological evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) was recalled and a
necessity to find distant (z$>$0.5) "giant"-sized radio sources (hereafter referred to
as GRSs) with a very low energy densities ... |
541,165,881,769 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A precise control of the motion in narrow tracks of stable localized excitations is desirable to realize different devices of current interest in applied physics research.
Paradigmatic examples are magnetic domain walls ~\cite{Parkin2008,Emori2013,Blasing2020} or skyrmions \cite{Kiselev2011,Schu... |
541,165,881,770 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:AtmosNu}Introduction }
Sterile neutrinos with masses in the range $\Delta m^2 = 0.1$~${\rm eV}^2 - 10~{\rm eV}^2$ have been posited to explain anomalies in accelerator \cite{Athanassopoulos:1996jb,Aguilar:2001ty,Aguilar-Arevalo:2013pmq}, reactor \cite{Mention:2011rk}, and radioactive source~\cite{B... |
541,165,881,771 | arxiv | \section*{1. Introduction}
Quantum entanglement \cite{qe1} is of special importance in quantum information processing
such as quantum teleportation, dense coding and remote state preparation.
To quantify quantum entanglement various entanglement measures have been
suggested \cite{ASHD}. Considerable efforts have be... |
541,165,881,772 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:introduction}}
Over the past three decades, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has been established alongside conventional CFD methods as an efficient scheme for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. A variety of complex flow problems \cite{BENZI1992145,doi:10.1146/an... |
541,165,881,773 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\input{./sections_revised/1_introduction.tex}
\section{RANC Ecosystem}\label{sec:ecosystem}
\input{./sections_revised/2_ecosystem.tex}
\section{Architectural Verification} \label{sec:verification}
\input{./sections_revised/3_verification.tex}
\section{Case Studies}\labe... |
541,165,881,774 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro.sec}
Petri nets, or equivalently vector addition systems (VASs), have proved useful to model numerous artificial and natural systems.
Their weighted version allows weights (multiplicities) on arcs,
making possible the bulk consumption or production of tokens,
hence a more compact r... |
541,165,881,775 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All graphs in this paper are finite and have no loops or parallel edges. A {\em hole} in a graph is an induced subgraph which is a cycle of length
at least four. The {\em length} of a path or cycle $A$ is the number of edges in $A$ and the {\em parity} of $A$ is the parity of its length.
For grap... |
541,165,881,776 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
{\bf
The ATLAS detector at the LHC is equipped with dedicated systems designed for the detection of forward protons produced in diffractive and photon-induced processes.
These detectors significantly extend the ATLAS physics reach.
Recent measurements performed using these forward proton detectors: ... |
541,165,881,777 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ramsey theory, an important and lively branch of combinatorics, concerns the
appearance of structure in large and potentially unstructured objects.
It was initiated by Ramsey's theorem, which implies that for every graph~$F$ and
every number~$r$, if~$N$ is large enough then any $r$-colouring of ... |
541,165,881,778 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We will assume that all algebras are considered over the field $\mathsf k$ of characteristic zero.
Let $G$ be a finite group acting linearly on the ring of polynomials $\mathsf k [x_1, \ldots, x_n]$. The ring of invariants $\mathsf k [x_1, \ldots, x_n]^G$ is polynomial if and only if $G$ is a ... |
541,165,881,779 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Large-scale fluids such as atmosphere and ocean are parts of geophysical fluids, and the Coriolis force due to the earth rotation plays a significant role in the large scale flows considered in meteorology and geophysics.\\
Mathematically, it was first investigated by Poincar\'e \cite{Po}. L... |
541,165,881,780 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Graphs are powerful and expressive data structures, and they serve as a common language for modeling relational data, such as knowledge and social networks.
In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been proposed for deep learning on graph data.
Due to GNNs' dem... |
541,165,881,781 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $R$ be a ring and $M$, $X$ $R$-modules. The \emph{trace module of $M$ in $X$}, denoted $\T X M$, is the $R$-module $\sum \alpha (M)$ as $\alpha $ ranges over $\hom R M X$. Such a trace module is \emph{proper} provided $\T X M \subsetneq X$. We identify a link between trace modules over $... |
541,165,881,782 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In a recent paper Bender et al\cite{BGOPY13} discussed the classical and
quantum-mechanical versions of a system of two coupled linear oscillators
one with gain and the other with loss. When the gain and loss parameters are
equal the Hamiltonian derived from the classic... |
541,165,881,783 | arxiv | \section{Introduction:}
Biomolecules ($DNA$ \& $proteins$) live in the crowded, constrained regime. Such molecules are soft object and therefore
can be easily squeezed into spaces that are much smaller than the natural size of the molecule in the bulk. For instance,
$actin$ filaments in $eukaryotic$ cell \cite{1} or $p... |
541,165,881,784 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The unprecedented popularity of wireless communicating devices inflicts enormous challenges on existing wireless communication systems. Future wireless networks are envisioned to be turned into a distributed intelligent communications, sensing, and computing platform \cite{smart-radio}. Among va... |
541,165,881,785 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Int}
The improvements in performances and efficiency induced by periodic operations and controls have been increasingly valuable in the current world. The optimization of periodic processes and phenomena leads naturally to periodic optimal control (OC) problems, which has been the subject... |
541,165,881,786 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider the Dirac equation on the unit torus in one or two dimensions (1D or 2D), which can be represented in the two-component form with wave function $\Phi : = \Phi(t, {\mathbf{x}}) = (\phi_1(t, {\mathbf{x}}), \phi_2(t, {\mathbf{x}}))^T \in \mathbb{C}^2$ \citep{BCJT,CW,Dirac1... |
541,165,881,787 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that the lattice local axial vector current $A_\mu^{\rm loc} = \overline{\psi}(x) \gamma_\mu\gamma_5 \psi(x)$
does not satisfy the continuum form of the axial Ward identity
\begin{equation}
\partial_\mu A_\mu(x) = 2mP(x), \quad P(x)=\bar{\psi}(x)\gamma_5 \psi(x)\,,
\end{equati... |
541,165,881,788 | arxiv | \subsection{Notations and terminology} Let $k$ be a characteristic zero
field, $F|k$ be an algebraically closed extension of countable transcendence
degree, and $G=G_{F|k}$
be the group of field automorphisms of $F$ leaving $k$ fixed. Let $B$ be the
collection of the pointwise stabilizers of the finite subsets in $... |
541,165,881,789 | arxiv | \section{Executive Summary}
Accelerator and beam physics (ABP) is the science of the motion, generation, acceleration, manipulation, prediction, observation and use of charged particle beams. The impressive advancements of accelerator frontiers is inseparable from fundamental accelerator and beam physics research and ... |
541,165,881,790 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{s::intro}
Performing Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations requires to numerically solve Newton's equations of motion for a system of interacting particles. Modern simulations rely on Molecular Mechanics to evaluate the different physical interactions acting on an ensemble of particles. The... |
541,165,881,791 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The discovery of topological insulators more than ten years ago~\cite{hsieh_BiSb_nature_08,hsieh_science_2009,kane_hasan_review_2010} has kicked off a classification program of topological band structures~\cite{schnyder_classification_2008,kitaev_classification_2009,chiu_RMP_16},
which is stil... |
541,165,881,792 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction}
Computer control of experiments is a common task of ever increasing
complexity in physics. The implementation of long sequences of events
where different instruments must execute commands at a given time
is mandatory for all but the simplest experiments.
In the past, the... |
541,165,881,793 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introductions}
Understanding the behavior of charged macroions in solution is an important
problem in fundamental science \cite{barrat96a} as well as in industrial
\cite{hara93a} and biological applications \cite{holm01a}. Charged stabilized
colloidal dispersions are present in paints, in... |
541,165,881,794 | arxiv | \section*{Contributions and Outline}
\section{Analysis of the over-squashing phenomenon}
\label{sec:analysis_bottleneck}
\subsection{Preliminaries}
Let $G = (V,E)$ be a simple, undirected, and connected graph, where $(i,j) \in E$ iff $i \sim j$. We focus on the unweighted case, although the theory extends to the weigh... |
541,165,881,795 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
It is well known that the chaotic motions of Hamiltonian dynamical systems exhibit slow dynamics, such as the polynomial decay of the time correlation function and the $\omega^{-\nu}$ power spectrum~\cite{Aizawa89b, Karney83,ChirikovShepelyansky84,GeiselZacherlRadons87}.
These slow mot... |
541,165,881,796 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
As fermion optics research grows, spurred for example by applications to fermionic
quantum information processing~\cite{Sig05}, the formal question of how
to deal with fermionic coherence mathematically becomes important.
For bosons, the natural way to describe coherence and... |
541,165,881,797 | arxiv |
\subsection{The algorithm}
\def\pure{\mathrm{pure}}
\def\mixed{\mathrm{mixed}}
Consider a monomial $\beta^i v_1^j v_2^k \in \CC[\beta, v_1, v_2]$. Using Groebner basis techniques,
we can easily reduce this modulo the ideal
$$I = \langle \beta\gamma-1, v_1-\beta^n w_1, v_2-\beta^m w_2 - \partial_{w_1}\til{E}(\g... |
541,165,881,798 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Convolutional Neural Networks dominates image and video analysis methods. Their ever growing utilization had raise the complexity to the point they are understood as a black box. These deeper networks consist of parameters in the order of the millions, therefore transforming th... |
541,165,881,799 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In quantum mechanics, the Schr\"odinger equations which can be
completely solved by algebraic methods are rather exceptional.
One can attenuate the condition of complete solvability
by asking that, at least, a few eigenvectors can be obtained
by an algebraic method.
The so called ``quasi exactly... |
541,165,881,800 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Pulsars are rapidly-rotating neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields. They emit weak radio beams from their magnetic poles which can be seen as pulses with extremely stable periods. They are used as tools in a wide range of physical experiments: low-frequency gravitation... |
541,165,881,801 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Besides the great success of the NASA WMAP satellite on providing a detailed knowledge of the cosmological parameters that define the physical properties of the Universe (e.g.,~\cite{komatsu09, larson10}), some unexpected results have attracted the attention of the cosmological comm... |
541,165,881,802 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In the gossip problem (\cite{tijdeman:1971,baker72gossips}, see also
\cite{HHL88} for an overview) a number $n$ of agents, each one
knowing a piece of information (a \emph{secret}) unknown to the
others, communicate by one-to-one interactions (e.g., telephone calls).
The result of each call is t... |
541,165,881,803 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
Eyes and their movements are considered an important cue in non-verbal behavior analysis, being involved in many cognitive processes and reflecting our internal state \cite{liversedge2000saccadic}. More specifically, eye gaze behavior, as an indicator of human v... |
541,165,881,804 | arxiv | \section{Overview}
In this paper, we introduce a model theoretic construction for the theories of \linebreak uniform layered domains and semifields and prove that for a given layering semifield $L$, the theory of uniform $L$-layered divisibly closed semifields is complete.
In the first section we introduce the mode... |
541,165,881,805 | arxiv | \section{The Charmonium System}
The system of mesons formed of a charm quark and its antiquark is known as charmonium. The energy states of this system are well-determined experimentally \cite{charmonium-pdg} and there are a number of states below the `open charm' threshold for decay into $D\bar{D}$. These states can b... |
541,165,881,806 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}
Let $G_n$ be a split special odd orthogonal group $\mathrm{SO}_{2n+1}(F)$ or a symplectic group $\mathrm{Sp}_{2n}(F)$
of rank $n$ over a $p$-adic field $F$.
An \emph{$A$-parameter} for $G_n$ is a homomorphism
\[
\psi \colon W_F \times \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C}) \times \ma... |
541,165,881,807 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While the existence of dark matter (DM) has only been inferred from its gravitational interactions, additional couplings are usually required to explain its observed relic abundance. Couplings to Standard Model (SM) states are strongly constrained by the combination of direct, indirect and colli... |
541,165,881,808 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Postural control is crucial for maintaining independence and quality of life. The two components of posture, orientation and balance, require continual adjustment and coordination between afferent sensory inputs and neuromuscular control~\cite{kandel2000neuralscience,winter1995balance,bell1998bi... |
541,165,881,809 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Statement of Results}\label{intro}
The estimation of partition functions has a long history. Hardy and Ramanujan \cite{HR} initiated this subject by proving the asymptotic formula
\[
p(n)\sim\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}n}e^{\pi\sqrt{\frac{2n}{3}}}\qquad (n\to\infty)
\]
for the integer partition function... |
541,165,881,810 | arxiv |
\section{Dynamic Placement Algorithms}\label{sec:algos}
\subsection{Overview}\label{subsec:overview}
In this section, we present the three dynamic placement algorithms for edge computing applications based on microservices architecture. These algorithms are generalizable to any network topology and applicat... |
541,165,881,811 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many of the existing observations in 2D foam rheology
\cite{Debregeas01,Lauridsen02,Lauridsen04,Wang06} may be
accounted for within the general continuum model that incorporates bulk
dissipation and, where appropriate, wall drag
\cite{Janiaud06,ClancyEtal06,JaniaudEtal07,WeaireEtal08b}. One fe... |
541,165,881,812 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace{-.1in}
Radiologists are exceptionally trained specialists who play a crucial role interpreting and assisting other doctors and specialists in diagnosing and treating diseases.
Their training program typically requires the trainee to solve tasks of increasing difficulty~\... |
541,165,881,813 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec::Introduction}
A point cloud is a set of 3D points that can be used to represent a 3D surface.
Each point is usually associated with one single color along with other attributes.
The point cloud can be used in many applications involving the rendering of 3D objects \cite{Tulvan2016} su... |
541,165,881,814 | arxiv | \section*{}
\vspace{-1cm}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; E-mail: rcvcoelho@fc.ul.pt}}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{b}$~Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisb... |
541,165,881,815 | arxiv | \section*{Plain Language Summary}
Climate models are computer simulation codes that incorporate centuries of human knowledge of the physics of planet Earth. They are used to understand the past, the present and make projections about the future of our climate. To validate a climate model, scientists tune a number of it... |
541,165,881,816 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A key to understanding the pairing mechanism in the superconducting state of the iron pnictide and chalcogenide superconductors is characterizing the nature of the electronic interactions that are responsible for the competing spin-density-wave (SDW) state. The origin of the magnetic order, whic... |
541,165,881,817 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of continuous-discrete (continuous-continuous) filtering is to estimate the state that is described by a continuous-time stochastic process from the observations of a related discrete-time (continuous-time) stochastic process called the measurement process. The complete solution of t... |
541,165,881,818 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The solar corona is still enigmatic from a scientific point of view, with important unsolved questions about its nature pending, such as solar wind acceleration and coronal heating
\citep{ROG:ROG1641,2012RSPTA.370.3217P}. While finding solutions to these questions is important on its own, it is ... |
541,165,881,819 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The numbers of radio-quiet (RQ) and radio-loud (RL) gamma-ray
pulsars detected have increased rapidly during recent years
thanks to the launch of the \textit{Fermi} Gamma-ray Space
Telescope. The observed differences between RQ and RL pulsars
are expected to be not intrinsi... |
541,165,881,820 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Angular momentum has long been regarded as a crucial ingredient of the
cosmic recipe that governs the formation and evolution of galaxies. In
the current structure formation paradigm, the net spin of a dark
matter halo and of its luminous component originates in torques
exerted... |
541,165,881,821 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Black holes are central to several areas of astrophysics
and supermassive black holes in the cores of galaxies are
important factors in galactic evolution. Black holes in
astrophysical environments are surrounded by matter and
fluids which may form accretion disks orbiti... |
541,165,881,822 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Motivated by a wide range of applications, unbounded (non-self-adjoint) operator matrices emerge from coupled systems of linear partial differential equations and have been of considerable interest, see e.g.\ the monograph \cite{Tretter-2008} and the references therein.
Typically, the spectr... |
541,165,881,823 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Long-range magnetic orders in quasi-periodic lattice have been fascinating and challenging targets since the discovery of quasicrystals~\cite{Shechtman84}.
First investigation of magnetism in quasicrystals was performed in Al-Mn based alloy in 1986~\cite{Fukamichi86,Warren86,Hauser86}.
Next, Be... |
541,165,881,824 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A fundamental task in Physics is the description of the matter-light
interaction. The most simple model to deal with is the Rabi model \cite{Rabi}%
, which describes the interaction of a two-level atom with a single mode of
the quantized electromagnetic (EM) field. The Rabi Hamiltonian (RH) read... |
541,165,881,825 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) observatories, LIGO~\cite{aLIGO} and Virgo~\cite{aVirgo} detected GW170817 \cite{GW170817:prl} in about 1.7 seconds advance the observation of a short GRB, GRB170817A~\cite{GRB170817A:gcn} which was identified by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (G... |
541,165,881,826 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) Photometric H$\alpha$ survey \citep[IPHAS;][]{Drew2005,Gonzalez2008,Barentsen2014} was designed to provide a more complete sampling of the stellar population in the Northern Galactic Plane between $\pm$5$^{\circ}$. In particular, the survey has all... |
541,165,881,827 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Section:1}
We are living in a world full of relations. It is of great significance to explore existing social relationships as well as predict potential relationships. These abundant relations generally exist among multiple entities; thus, these relations are also called multivariate rela... |
541,165,881,828 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors are power-recycled Michelson interferometers with Fabry-Perot arm cavities.~\cite{LIGOdetectors} These detectors can sense differential-length variations with amplitude spectral densities on the order of $10^{-19}$~m$/\sqrt{... |
541,165,881,829 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{EK_Weyl}, we computed the Weyl groups of all fine gradings on matrix algebras, the Cayley algebra $\cC$ and the Albert algebra $\cA$ over an algebraically closed field $\FF$ ($\chr{\FF}\ne 2$ in the case of the Albert algebra). It is well known that $\Der(\cC)$ is a simple Lie algebra... |
541,165,881,830 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The moduli spaces of K\"ahler and complex structure deformations of
Calabi-Yau manifolds are naturally related to Special
K\"ahler (SK) and quaternion-K\"ahler (QK) geometry. Consequently,
these types of manifolds arise in the low energy effective action
of string theory ... |
541,165,881,831 | arxiv | \subsubsection{The $l=2$ ice cone graph}
Using reduce we can find the following inhomogeneous differential equation governing the $l=2$ ice cone graph
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
&\left( 4 (-9+s) s^2+2 \left(-36+30 s-52 s^2+7 s^3\right) \theta +(-4+s) \left(18-23 s+14s^2\right) \theta ^2 \right. \\
&\quad \left... |
541,165,881,832 | arxiv | \section{Example results for EEV variance versus system size\label{sec:Example-results-for}}
Figure \ref{fig:example-fit} shows how the exponent $\alpha$ for
the scaling of the EEV variance $V$ with Hilbert space dimension
$D_{H}$ is extracted. The results shown in Fig. \ref{fig:alpha-vs-u}
of the main text are obtain... |
541,165,881,833 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are believed to occur through the sudden conversion of magnetic energy into bulk kinetic energy as well as heating and particle acceleration
\cite{Forbes2000,Klimchuk2001,Lin2003,Moore2006}. Models of these events generally include a twisted flux rope, or sheared ... |
541,165,881,834 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
The notion of almost periodicity was introduced by the Danish mathematician H. Bohr around 1924-1926 and later generalized by many other authors (for further information regarding almost periodic functions, we refer the reader to the research monographs \cite{besik}, \cite{di... |
541,165,881,835 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec_introduction}
Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) \cite{coulom2006efficient} is a state-of-the-art planning algorithm \cite{browne2012survey,chaslot2008monte}. The strength of MCTS is the use of statistical uncertainty to balance exploration versus exploitation \cite{munos2014bandits}. A po... |
541,165,881,836 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
\subsection{Equation details the for Linear dynamics experiment}
\textbf{Linear and Gaussian dataset matrices:}
The differential equations that describe the dynamics are ($c =0.06$, $\tau = 0.17$):
\begin{align}\label{eq:non_uniform_accelerated}
\frac{\partial p}{\partial t} & = v, &
\fr... |
541,165,881,837 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
This paper deals with the semi-stability of radial solutions $u\in
H^1(B_1)$ of
\begin{equation}\label{mainequation}
-\Delta u=g(u) \ \ \mbox{ in } B_1\setminus \{ 0\}\, ,
\end{equation}
\noindent where $B_1$ is the unit ball of $\mathbb R^N$, and $g\in
C^1(\mathbb R)$ is a g... |
541,165,881,838 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:introduction} Introduction}
The Structure of the Universe is seeded by the perturbations in the early universe. Statistical properties of these primordial perturbations are well summarised by their power spectrum. The simplest models of inflation predict the primordial (scalar) power spectrum to be... |
541,165,881,839 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In the area of wireless communications, especially with low-power nodes that are not capable of accommodating multiple antennas, making use of cooperation between nodes is a preferred method for creating spatial diversity resulting from the broadcast nature of the communication medium. Through c... |
541,165,881,840 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The means by which neurons in a biological network act in coordination to yield patterned electrical activity is a largely open problem. One important question is how the electrophysiological properties of the individual neurons must relate to their synaptic connectivity, such that a reliable p... |
541,165,881,841 | arxiv | \section{Auxiliary results.} \label{app}
In derivation of our results we use the inversion formulae for block partitioned square matrices, included below for the convenience of reader:
\begin{itemize}
\item assuming that the inverse matrices exist (cf. \ch{MR0346957}, Problem 1.2.8 ), {\small
\begin{equation}\label{p12... |
541,165,881,842 | arxiv | \section{Density Budget of the Universe}
As you know, the Universe becomes almost homogeneous and
isotropic, when viewed on a sufficiently large scale. This
suggests very strongly that it may be described approximately by
a Robertson-Walker-Friedmann metric. The crucial parameters
describing the expansion of the Univ... |
541,165,881,843 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}
The aim of these lectures is to explain toric geometry to young researchers in theoretical physics who might
have had no prior exposure to the basic concepts of algebraic geometry. Since the subject of algebraic geometry
is often seen as very abstract, on the one hand, whi... |
541,165,881,844 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix #1: #2}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{#1.\arabic{equation}}
}
\def\op#1{\mathop{\fam0 #1}\limits}\defH\'aj\'\i\v cek~{H\'aj\'\i\v cek~}
\defEin\-stein~{Ein\-stein~}
\defSch\-r\"o\-din\-ger{Sch\-r\"o\-din\-ger}
\def\hbox{\rm sinh}{\hbox{\rm sinh}}
\def\hbox{\rm cosh}{\hbox{\rm cosh}}
\def\hbox{... |
541,165,881,845 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{L}{ow}-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, first described by Gallager \cite{Gal62}, are an important class of modern error correcting codes.
As a function of channel quality, the error rate performance of an LDPC code under iterative decoding is typically divided into two regions.
T... |
541,165,881,846 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, the spatial Besov regularity of the solutions of linear stochastic evolution equations on bounded Lipschitz domains is studied. We combine \fli regularity \ilf results by \textsc{Kim} \cite{Kim08} on stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs, for short) on Lipschitz domains... |
541,165,881,847 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Chromatic dispersion resulting from the wavelength-dependence of the refractive index is an inescapable feature of optical materials, which leads to pulse broadening and distortion \cite{SalehBook07,Weiner09Book}. One may combat its impact via dispersion \textit{compensation} or dispersion \text... |
541,165,881,848 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
By observing long-range muons produced in the charged-current
reactions $(\nu_{\mu},\bar{\nu}_{\mu})N \rightarrow \mu^{\mp} + \hbox{anything}$, we can hope to
detect ultrahigh-energy (UHE) neutrinos from extraterrestrial
sources. The diffuse spectrum of neutrinos produced in the
interaction... |
541,165,881,849 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Einstein theory of Gravity Newtonian gravitational constant $G$ and Cosmological term $\Lambda$ are considered as fundamental constants. The Newtonian constant of gravitation $G$ plays the role of coupling constant between geometry of space and matter in Einstein field equations. In an evolvi... |
541,165,881,850 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{i}
We consider a barotropic flow of a compressible viscous fluid in the absence of external forces. Such flow is described by the isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes system
\bFormula{i1a}
\partial_t \vr + \Div (\vr \vu) = 0,
\eF
\bFormula{i1b}
\partial_t (\vr \vu) + \Div (\vr \vu ... |
541,165,881,851 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{ch:msn:intro}
In the last couple of years the modeling of financial data observed at high-frequency became one of
the major research topics in the field of financial econometrics. It is of high practical relevance
because a rising number of market participants execute trades based on high-... |
541,165,881,852 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In 1927 Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty relation, which
expresses the fact that the expectation values of
two non-commuting observables cannot be
determined with arbitrary precision. He demonstrated this by means
of a $\gamma$-ray-microscope, which since then has been
discussed in many tex... |
541,165,881,853 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:kidsonthephone_introduction}
The use of mobile devices and the internet by children has increased rapidly in the past decade, approaching saturation by middle childhood in developed countries. Research has been published, exploring both positive and negative consequences of this increa... |
541,165,881,854 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A $3$-valent $n$-vertex plane graph is denoted $q_n$
if it has only $q$- and $6$-gonal faces.
The graphs $5_n$ correspond to {\em fullerenes}, well-known in
Organic Chemistry; graphs $4_n, 3_n$ are also used there.
See \cite{DG2} for $\ell_1$-embedding of graphs $q_n$.
Denote by $Aut$ the auto... |
541,165,881,855 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The simulation of a queueing system is normally an iterative process which
involves generation of random variables associated with current events in the
system, and evaluation of the system state variables when new events occur
\cite{1,2,3,4,5}. In a system being simulated the random variable... |
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