uuid
int64
541B
3,299B
dataset
stringclasses
1 value
text
stringlengths
1
4.29M
541,165,881,956
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*}[t!] \centering \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{schematic_1panel.pdf} \label{Fig:analytical_schematic} \caption{Schematic setup of our analytical calculation (Sect. \ref{sect:analytical}). We consider a two-dimensional cloud of mass $M_\mathrm{cl}$ in a stationary frame, whos...
541,165,881,957
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A building is called \emph{right-angled} if its Coxeter group is right-angled, which means that the only values occurring in its Coxeter matrix are $1$, $2$ and $\infty$. The prototypical example is the case where the Coxeter matrix has rank $2$ with a label $\infty$, in which case the building ...
541,165,881,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{I} Black holes are important objects in theoretical physics. Black hole thermodynamics is the best way to study them \cite{01,02}. We can increase our knowledge about the quantum gravity by studying the perturbative \cite{03,04,05}, and non-perturbative \cite{06,07,08,09,10} quantum correc...
541,165,881,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Storage for quantum information is one of the essential parts of quantum computing and quantum communication \cite{NC01, Stolze:2008xy}, and the essential features of quantum memories have been demonstrated in different physical implementations \cite{Julsgaard2004, Rabl2006, Morton2008, Lvovsky2...
541,165,881,960
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The explosive growth in computer systems and networks has increased the role of computer security within organizations \cite{Stallings1995Network}. In many cases, ineffective protection against computer security treats leads to considerable damage, and even can cause an organization to be ...
541,165,881,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite the success of the Standard Models (SM) of Particle Physics and Cosmology, the origin of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe remains as a puzzling but unexplained phenomenon. Sakharov discovered that CP violation is a necessary condition for explaining the matter-antimatter asymm...
541,165,881,962
arxiv
\chapter*{KhCurves-pics-classification: diagrams for classification section} {\psset{arrowsize=3pt 2} \section{\textbackslash ArcSystemForTwistedComplexes} { \psset{arrowsize=3pt 2} \psset{unit=0.25} \begin{pspicture}[showgrid=false](-15.5,-7.5)(15.5,7.5) \pnode(-10,0){x} \pnode(0,0){...
541,165,881,963
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, offline reinforcement learning (RL) methods have shown that it is possible to learn effective policies from a static pre-collected dataset instead of directly interacting with the environment \citep{laroche2019safe, fujimoto2019off, yu2020mopo, swazinna2021overcoming}. Since direct inte...
541,165,881,964
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} In this paper we have presented the notion of spread net which is able to represent the non sequential behaviors of safe nets, in particular of {\textsl{mc}-net}{s}. A spread net is a net where each place has an annotation representing the amount of information that has been collected to \emph{p...
541,165,881,965
arxiv
\section{% \label{sec:intro} Introduction } To represent a many-body system using minimal bases has been a challenging subject in numerical renormalization-group (RG) calculations~\cite{White1992,White1993,NishinoOkunishi1996,NishinoOkunishi1997,LevinNave2007,EvenblyVidal2009,EvenblyVidal2015}. Developing numerica...
541,165,881,966
arxiv
\section{Motivation} There is an ongoing debate regarding the exact shape of galaxy- and cluster-scale dark matter haloes in the Universe. N-body simulations carried out under the assumption of the standard concordance cosmological model, $\Lambda$CDM, suggest that cold dark matter haloes are well fit by Navarro-Frenk...
541,165,881,967
arxiv
\section{Preface.} A little-known, but ,at least, theoretically existing paradoxical phenomenon of the \emph{quantum-mechanical potential} (it will further be denoted as QMP) arises generically in quantization of a particular class of conservative Hamilton systems which are called \emph{the natural sys...
541,165,881,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inflation not only solves the flatness, horizon, and monopole problems in the standard big bang cosmology, but also provides the initial condition for the formation of the large-scale structure \cite{starobinskyfr, guth81, linde83, Albrecht:1982wi}. The quantum fluctuations of the inflaton lead ...
541,165,881,969
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) \cite{VAE} is a popular generative deep learning model with remarkable successes in learning unsupervised tasks by inferring probabilistic data representations \cite{VAE_symmetric}, for disentangled representation learning \cite{baeVAE,JontLatentVAEs} and for ...
541,165,881,970
arxiv
\section{#1}} \def\bar{e}{ \begin{equation} } \def \end{equation}{ \end{equation}} \def{\rm cok}{{\rm cok}} \def{\rm Co}_0{{\rm Co}_0} \def{\rm cot}{{\rm cot}} \def{\rm det}{{\rm det}} \def{\rm dim}{{\rm dim}} \def{\rm exp}{{\rm exp}} \def{\rm Ext}{{\rm Ext}} \def{\rm GeV}{{\rm GeV}} \def{\rm Hom}{{\rm Hom}}...
541,165,881,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A graph is \textit{ternary} if it has no induced cycle of length divisible by three. A ternary graph is also called a Trinity Graph by others \cite{BCT, Ka14}. Given a graph $G$, let $f_G$ be the sum of $(-1)^{\vert A\vert}$ over all independent sets $A$. Recently, Chudnovsky, Scott, Seymour an...
541,165,881,972
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The space $\mathcal{H}$ of all complex valued harmonic polynomials on $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ admits a linear basis of the form \begin{eqnarray*} f(x,y,z)=(x\pm yi)^{k}p(x,y,z), \end{eqnarray*} where $p$ is a homogeneous polynomial which depends only on $x^{2}+y^{2}$ and $z$. The polynomials $f$ are ...
541,165,881,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section: Introduction} The quantum Hall effect (QHE) is an extraordinary materials phenomenon: a two-dimensional semiconductor in a high magnetic field can exhibit a Hall conductivity quantized with part-per-billion precision in integer multiples of only fundamental constants $(e^{2}/h...
541,165,881,974
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Adversarial learning is a major threat to the field of computer security research. With the advancement in technology, the growing dependency on the Internet has exposed users to serious cyber threats like phishing and pharming. Despite considerable research to counter su...
541,165,881,975
arxiv
\section*{\refname}}{}{}{} \renewcommand{\dag}\footnotetext{Corresponding author}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} \newcommand\blfootnote[1]{% \begingroup \renewcommand\dag}\footnotetext{Corresponding author{}\footnote{#1}% \addtocounter{footnote}{-1}% \endgroup } \section{Introduction} A key problem in computer vision...
541,165,881,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\arabic{footnote}} A \emph{clique} in a graph\footnote{We consider simple finite undirected graphs $G$ with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$. For each vertex $v\in V(G)$, let $N_G(v)$ or simply $N(v)$, be $\{w\in V(G):vw\in E(G)\}$.} is a set of pairwise ...
541,165,881,977
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Resonances are spectral objects attached to differential operators acting on non-compact domains and appear as poles of the meromorphic continuation of the resolvent of these operators. Their study evolved from an investigation of the Schrödinger operators on the Euclidean spaces like $\math...
541,165,881,978
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two perfectly aligned layers of identical two-dimensional (2D) materials have the same structural periodicity as the individual layers. The structural periodicity of the bilayer can be seamlessly manipulated by twisting or straining relative to each other, or by replacing one of the layers with...
541,165,881,979
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The well known Sz\'{a}sz-Mirakyan operators are defined as \begin{align*} B_{n}^{0}(f,x) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty e^{-nx}\frac{(nx)^k}{k!} f(k/n), \hspace{10mm} x \in [0,\infty). \end{align*} In order to generalize the Sz\'asz-Mirakyan operators Jain, \cite{J}, introduced the following operators \begi...
541,165,881,980
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The diffusion of a tracer particle is typically characterised in terms of the mean squared displacement (MSD) \begin{equation} \left< x^2(t)\right>=\int x^2P(x,t)dx=2K_{\gamma}t^\gamma \label{eq-ad} \end{equation} corresponding to the second moment of the probability density function $P(x,t)$ ...
541,165,881,981
arxiv
\section{Introduction: a brief history} Since many decades model atmospheres have been a fundamental tool to understand the physical nature of the PN Central Stars and the ionization and emission of their surrounding nebulae. After the pioneering work by Aller (1948), which revealed the importance and enormous poten...
541,165,881,982
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} While the discovery, 10 years ago, of the Higgs boson has provided the Standard Model (SM) with the needed missing piece, questions remain as to how complete a description of nature it offers. Thus far, its agreement with experiment is remarkable, but still outstanding questi...
541,165,881,983
arxiv
\subsection{Modified \texttt{Dias}\xspace} We now describe \texttt{LexMIB}\xspace and show that it finds all MIBs in lexicographic order. The first issue in \texttt{Dias}\xspace arises when in line 8, $Y_j$ is empty and $X_j$ does not contain any neighbors of $j$. In this case, we fail to satisfy the \textbf{if}-con...
541,165,881,984
arxiv
\section{Outline}\label{outline} \section{Introduction} Graphene is a unique 2D material that combines extraordinarily high electrical and thermal conductivity~\cite{{Novoselov04},{graphene-el-mobility08}} with mechanical strength, flexibility, thermal and chemical stability. Interest in this system increased...
541,165,881,985
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nuclear modifications of the nucleon parton structures, discovered by the European Muon Collaboration \cite{Aubert:1983xm} several decades ago, cannot be explained by means of inclusive measurements only. One of the possible ways out is to perform nuclear imaging, now possible for the first tim...
541,165,881,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} First-order methods for convex optimization have come to play an important role in the design of algorithms and in Theoretical Computer Science in general, with applications including numerical methods~\cite{ST04,KOSZ13}, graph algorithms~\cite{KLOS2014,Sherman2013}, submodular ...
541,165,881,987
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is a continuation and complement of our previous work \cite{CFS}. We look at ``$p$-adic period domains'' from a different perspective (we refer to \cite{CFS} and the references therein for more background on $p$-adic period domains). We also extend the main result of \cite{CFS} to gene...
541,165,881,988
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The starting point of our work is the classical Muckenhoupt inequality, i.e., there exists a constant $c>0$ such that \begin{equation} \label{muc-inequality0} \|f\|_{L^q(\mu)} \le c \, \|f' \|_{L^{p}(\nu)} \end{equation} for any regular enough function $f$, where $1< p \le q < \iy$, and...
541,165,881,989
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} It has become increasingly clear that studies of magnetic ordering quantum transitions in metallic, fermionic systems will be of significant utility in understanding the properties of strongly correlated systems like the cuprates or the heavy-fermion compounds~\cite{hertz,CHN,jinwu,...
541,165,881,990
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Material research primarily directed towards optimising the energy consumption are increasingly favoured, due to its overt implications. Particularly in the automotive industries, attempts are extensively made to introduce fuel-efficient materials with enhanced mechanical properties. In order ...
541,165,881,991
arxiv
\subsection{Acknowledgements:}} \def\APPENDIX#1#2{\par\penalty-300\vskip\chapterskip \spacecheck\chapterminspace \chapterreset \xdef\chapterlabel{#1} \titlestyle{APPENDIX #2} \nobreak\vskip\headskip \penalty 30000 \wlog{\string\Appendix~\chapterlabel} } \def\Appendix#1{\APPENDIX{#1}{#1}} \def
541,165,881,992
arxiv
\section{\labelH{sec:introduction}Introduction} Dust plays an important role in many astrophysical environments, \cd{and it is also the building material of planets.} Small grains can stick to each other thanks to van der Waals forces \citep{1971ProcRSocLonA..324.301J,1975JournCollInterfSci...53..314D}. Depending on ...
541,165,881,993
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum sensing consists in using quantum systems to perform measurement of given physical quantities \cite{Degen2017}. Among the various systems that have been developed, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been used to demonstrate and implement a broad variety of sensing proto...
541,165,881,994
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Electronic-structure calculations based on Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT)~\cite{kohn65,kohn96} provide an excellent balance between accuracy and computational efficiency by reducing the many-body Schr\"odinger problem of interacting electrons into an equivalent pro...
541,165,881,995
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Urban freight transport logistics is an energy-intensive activity that involves vehicle movement on congested roadways in densely populated regions. The widespread use of conventionally powered \acp{ICEV} over many years has been negatively impacting the environment in many ways. Greenhouse gas e...
541,165,881,996
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When modelling the dynamics of a finite population it is necessary to consider the effects of fluctuations introduced by genetic drift. The most influential theoretical approach to this problem has been to formulate a model of the allele frequency dynamics which incorporates drift and selection ...
541,165,881,997
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for the origin of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) has been a long journey \cite[{\it e.g.},][]{1995ARA&A..33...19H,1995_DIBs_book,2014IAUS..297}; a journey that is far from over despite the recent assignment of two DIBs to the fullerene cation, C$_{60}^+$.\citep{2015Natur.523..3...
541,165,881,998
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Motivated by the application of cognitive radio \citep{anandkumar2010opportunistic,anandkumar2011distributed,gai2010learning}, the multi-player version of the multi-armed bandits problem (MP-MAB) has sparked significant interests in recent years. MP-MAB takes player interactions ...
541,165,881,999
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let us consider an $M$-particle state and assume that its density matrix is \begin{equation}\label{defden} \rho(\textbf{K},\textbf{q}) = e^{-v(\textbf{K}) -\frac{1}{2}\textbf{q}\textbf{L}^2\textbf{q}+ i\textbf{q}\overline{\textbf{X}}(\textbf{K})}, \end{equation} where $\textbf{K} = \frac{1}{2...
541,165,882,000
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field of order $q$, where $q$ is a prime power. For $E, F\subset \mathbb{F}_q^d$, the set of dot products between $E$ and $F$ is defined by \[\prod(E, F):=\{x\cdot y\colon x\in E, y\in F\}\subset\mathbb{F}_q.\] When $E=F$, we write $\prod(E)$ instead of $\prod(E, F...
541,165,882,001
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Among the primary targets of the proposed space-based gravitational wave observatory, LISA, are waves from stellar black holes spiraling in to supermassive black holes in galactic centers. Because the ratio $m/M$ is small, the orbits and gravitational waves from these binary sys...
541,165,882,002
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence of radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAFs) have been confirmed in low-luminosity state of X-ray binaries and nuclei of galaxies (Narayan et al. 1996; Esin et al. 1997; Di Matteo et al. 2003; Yuan et al. 2003). It was understood that RIAFs are likely to be convectively unstab...
541,165,882,003
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} The observation of neutrinos and antineutrinos is often based on their interaction with complex nuclei. The study of the corresponding neutrino-nuclear cross section is rarely the primary motivation of these experiments; their aim most often belongs to the category of ``fundamental ...
541,165,882,004
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \iffalse The discovery that black holes radiate light \cite{Hawking:1974sw}, unified aspects of gravitation, quantum mechanics, and thermodynamics. Subsequently, a single perfectly reflecting accelerating point in a flat-spacetime background, dubbed the `moving mirror model' \cite{DeWitt:197...
541,165,882,005
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Solving large sparse linear systems is at the heart of many application problems arising from engineering problems. Advances in combinatorial methods in combination with modern computer architectures have massively influenced the design of state-of-the-art direct solvers that ar...
541,165,882,006
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concept of ergodicity is important not only for measure preserving dynamical systems but also for systems which admits a natural quasi-invariant measure. Given a probability space $(X,\mu)$ and a transformation $T$ of $X$, $\mu$ is said to be {\em quasi-invariant} if the push forward ...
541,165,882,007
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are regarded as the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of a new treatment. In RCTs with time to event outcomes, the primary outcome is to measure the differences in the survival curves of the different arms and report the treatment effect to quantify ...
541,165,882,008
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automated analysis from radiology images like X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound is becoming a valuable support tool for diagnosing and treating injuries and diseases. With the success of deep learning for image classification more and more applications come within reach of becoming standard tools f...
541,165,882,009
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Photosynthesis is the main resource of energy supply for living beings on earth. Therein, efficient light harvesting process, which delivers the captured photon energy to the reaction center, plays a crucial role in natural photosynthesis \cite{Blankenship02,May04,Amerongen00,Fleming08}. B...
541,165,882,010
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S-I} Let $(S_n)$ be a standard random walk in $\mathbb{R}^d$. The center of mass $G_n$ of $S_n$ is defined by \begin{equation} \label{CM} G_n=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^n S_k. \end{equation} The question of the asymptotic behavior of $G_n$ was first raised by Paul Erd\"{o}s. Very recently, Lo ...
541,165,882,011
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \label{sec:appendix} \section{Background} \label{sec:background} Microservers have the potential to reduce the energy consumption of datacenters by using low-power processors designed for the embedded systems market~\cite{Rajovic:2013:SCC:2503210.2503281}. Back-of-the-envelope estimates suggest ...
541,165,882,012
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{Motivation and results.} The standard algorithm used to compute persistent homology, first introduced in \cite{edelsbrunner2000topological}, is based on the Gaussian reduction of the boundary matrix. It performs left-to-right column additions until the lowest elements of non-zero colu...
541,165,882,013
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The discovery of $\Omega$ baryon dates back to 1964 and yet till today it is the least observed in the experiments worldwide. $\Omega^{-}$ holds a place in decuplet family with isospin I=0 and strangeness S=-3 with sss quarks. \begin{table*} \centering \caption{PDG $\Omega$ baryon ...
541,165,882,014
arxiv
\chapter*{Zusammenfassung\label{abstract} } Die Quantenchromodynamik (QCD) ist die Theorie, welche die Wechselwirkung zwischen Quarks und Gluonen beschreibt. Die fundamentale Symmetrie, die der QCD zugrunde liegt, ist die lokale $SU(3)_c$-Farbsymmetrie. Aufgrund vom Confinement der Quarks und Gluonen werden im niedere...
541,165,882,015
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The optical analogy of supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY QM) can be traced back to planar waveguides with elliptic transversal index profile, where the paraxial approximation provides exact SUSY that breaks for non-paraxial fields \cite{Chumakov1994p51}. Theoretical curiosity gave place to...
541,165,882,016
arxiv
\section{PZ Phase} In the PZ phase only $\boldsymbol{k}_{00} = \boldsymbol{0}$ with spin up is occupied. Thus, $N_0^\uparrow = N_0$ and $N_0^\downarrow = 0$. We define $U_s$ by $2U_s = U^{\uparrow\uparrow}N^\uparrow/N_s = UN/N_s$. We decided to define $2U_s = UN/N_s$ such that we use the same $U_s$ in all phases. Fur...
541,165,882,017
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An important task of modern-day astrochemistry is to understand how complex organics and possible pre-biotic molecules form near young stars. The high sensitivity and angular and spectral resolution of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) enables detection of molecular species ...
541,165,882,018
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Word Embedding models are very useful in Natural Language Processing downstream tasks and got modernized usage with learning paradigms like zero-shot learning \citep{zeroshot}, addressing labels representation problems in both image and text classification tasks \citep{norouzi2014zeroshot,esann16...
541,165,882,019
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are energetic celestial objects prominent in a wide range of electromagnetic bands, from the radio up to the highest energies (X-rays and $\gamma$-rays). The rich observational phenomena of AGN can be understood in the framework of the orientation-based unified sche...
541,165,882,020
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent release of the PLANCK data \cite{planck16}, the european space agency's satellite designed to produce the most accurate observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) sky ever, has confirmed that the $\Lambda$CDM model is our best, and at the same time the simplest, general rel...
541,165,882,021
arxiv
\section{\label{intro}Introduction} \section{\label{intro}CPT test with neutrino} The CPT theorem, which connects three discrete symmetries: charge conjugation (C), parity (P), and time reversal (T), and has been theoretically proved in different ways~\cite{Luders1954,1955nbdpbookPauli,Jost1957,Schwinger1958,johnbell},...
541,165,882,022
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many processes in chemistry take place in a specific spatial region of a molecular system. To rationalize local phenomena, the concept of local occupied molecular orbitals (LMOs) is particularly useful in bridging chemical intuition and theoretical chemistry.\cite{hoyvik2016characterization} The...
541,165,882,023
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} The existence of various types of pulsating white dwarf (WD) stars characterized by multiperiodic luminosity variations due to $g$(gravity)-mode pulsations has been well established by theoretical and observational evidence \citep{2008ARA&A..46..157W,2008PASP..120.1043F,2010...
541,165,882,024
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the ongoing era of LHC a precise theoretical description of high-energy proton-proton collisions requires inclusion of multiple-parton interactions (MPI). Over last years several experimental and theoretical studies of soft and hard MPI effects for different processes have been performed (see...
541,165,882,025
arxiv
\section{The Formalism of Stacks} In this section we recall some definitions related to stacks and details can be find in [Vis]. \subsection{Fibered Category} \ Given a base category \(\mathcal{C}\), a category over \(\mathcal{C}\) actually means a functor \(F:\mathcal{D}\rightarrow \mathcal{C}\). If \(X\in \mathrm{O...
541,165,882,026
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since 2003, a large number of exotic hadronic states have been discovered, which attracted a lot of attention both theoretically and experimentally. Though their nature is largely undetermined, the hadronic molecular interpretation of these states has become rather popular because of the fact t...
541,165,882,027
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{zero} In this note, we prove the quantitative equivalence of two geometric boundary regularity conditions, that are often used in Analysis and PDEs: the uniform supporting sphere condition and the Lipschitz continuity of the unit normal vector. This latter condition is often referred to a...
541,165,882,028
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} R.S.D. and E.J.M. acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation, Award number OAC-1835630. B.J.B., A.W.D., and E.J.M. acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation, Award number CBET-1917474. B.J.B. acknowledges funding from the Richard and Peggy Notebaert Premier Fello...
541,165,882,029
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{2m}$ be a bounded domain. In this context we study the existence of multiple solutions in $W^{m,2}_{\mathcal{N}}(\Om) = \{u \in W^{m,2}(\Omega): \Delta^j u = 0 \mbox{ on } \partial \Omega \text{ for } 0 \leq j < \frac{m}{2}\}$ of the following $2m$-th order problem...
541,165,882,030
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are created from density inhomogeneities in many scenarios of the early universe~\cite{Carr2010}. The initial mass of a PBH is expected to be roughly equal to or smaller than the horizon or Hubble mass at formation, giving possible PBH masses ranging f...
541,165,882,031
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations (NLS): \EQn{ \label{eq:nls} \left\{ \aligned &i\partial_t u + \Delta u = \mu |u|^p u, \\ & u(0,x) = u_0(x), \endaligned \right. } where $p>0$, $\mu=\pm1$, and $u(t,x):{\mathbb R}\times{\mathbb R}^d\rightarrow {\mathbb C}$ is ...
541,165,882,032
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $U\in {\bf U}(N)$ be taken from the Circular Unitary Ensemble (CUE) of random matrices. Consider its characteristic polynomial, \begin{equation}\label{charact} Z_{U}(\theta) := \prod_{n=1}^{N}\Bigl(1 - e^{i(\theta_n - \theta)}\Bigr), \end{equation} where $e^{i\theta_1}, ..., e^{i\theta_{N}}$ ...
541,165,882,033
arxiv
\section{Details for the Adaptive $\alpha$-Compression Algorithm} \label{apx:compressionbasedalgorithm} We proceed by giving the final details of the algorithm and proofs for the Adaptive $\alpha$-Compression Algorithm that exceeded the space in the main text. \subsection{Establishing the state invariant (Lemma~\ref{...
541,165,882,034
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Quantum Internet is attracting worldwide research interest, given its potential of enabling a set of applications with no counterpart in the classical Internet~\cite{WanRahLi-22}. Yet a misconception that may arise with the research interest is the idea of the Quantum Internet even...
541,165,882,035
arxiv
\chapter[Pupil Plane Phase]{Pupil Plane Phase Apodization}\label{sec:ppp} \author[M. Kenworthy, J. Codona and F. Snik]{Matthew A. Kenworthy, Johanan L. Codona\footnote{Steward Observatory, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA} and Frans Snik} \address{Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, \\ P.O. Box 9...
541,165,882,036
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formation of quantum spin singlet states in magnetic materials has attracted much attention. Although there are many quantum spin systems in $d$-electron compounds, it is very rare in $f$-electron compounds. This is because the total angular momentum $J$, as a result of a strong spin-orbit ...
541,165,882,037
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At high energy or, equivalently small~$x$, the interactions of hadrons are expected to be dominated by nonlinear strong color fields. A convenient effective theory approach to studying these color fields is provided by the Color Glass Condensate (for reviews see e.g.~\cite{Gelis:2010nm,Lappi:2...
541,165,882,038
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The main channel by which black holes (BHs) form is considered to be the gravitational collapse of massive stars. Numerical studies agree that a progenitor with a compact inner core can fail to revive the bounce shock (e.g. \citealt{OConnor11}). These failed supernovae will be observed as massiv...
541,165,882,039
arxiv
\section*{Notation} % $\mv{x} := (x_1, \dots, x_n)^\top\in \R^{n}$:~column vector, $n \in \N$. $\mv{0}_n \in \R^n$:~zero vector. $\norm{\mv{x}} := {\small \sqrt{\mv{x}^{\top}\mv{x}}}$:~Euclidean norm of $\mv{x}$. $\mm{A} \in \R^{n \times m}$:~real matrix, $n,m\in\N$, $\det(\mm{A})$:~determinant of $\mm{A}$. $\mm{I}...
541,165,882,040
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{} The Lyman-alpha emission (Ly$\alpha$) has become the most powerful tracer of star-formation in the high-redshift universe. It becomes the strongest emission line in the optical and near infrared (NIR) domain at redshift $z\geq2.1$, and is likely to remain a very competitive tool, eve...
541,165,882,041
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} The damping of quasiparticles via electron collisions is expected to produce a $T^2$ variation of the resistivity in a standard Fermi liquid described by a spherical Fermi surface. In ordinary metals this contribution is so weak that it is hardly detectable\cite{ashcroft}. However, recent disco...
541,165,882,042
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Outer spiral arm of the Milky Way (also called the Cygnus arm) is located beyond the Perseus arm and may be the outermost arm of the Galaxy's stellar disk (see Fig.~\ref{mw}). It is traceable across portions of the fourth and first quadrants of the Galaxy and it can be detected through the em...
541,165,882,043
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Conclusion} It has been recently proposed by Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena that the ${\cal N}}\def\CO{{\cal O}}\def\CP{{\cal P}=6$ superconformal Chern-Simons theory with gauge group $U(N)\times U(N)$ describes the low-energy dynamics on N M2-branes at the tip of the orbifold spac...
541,165,882,044
arxiv
\section{Algebraic preliminaries\label{background}} We begin by recalling some definitions and theorems from commutative algebra. What follows in this introductory section is contained in the paper of Eliahou and Kervaire (\cite{EK90}). Let $I$ be a monomial ideal in a polynomial ring whose coefficient field has char...
541,165,882,045
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Applications that seek to advise or nudge consumers into better decision-making (e.g., concerning personal health or finance) can only be effective when consumers trust their guidance. Trustworthiness is an essential aspect in the design of such \textit{persuasive technology} (P...
541,165,882,046
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \textit{Overview}: Quantum phases of matter have attracted interest from several disciplines such as condensed matter theory, quantum information and quantum materials. For describing phases like quantum Hall states\cite{fqh1,fqh2} or quantum spin liquids\cite{sl1,sl2}, the framework of gauge th...
541,165,882,047
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many multi-agent system (MAS) platforms have been developed by the scientific community~\cite{kravari2015survey}. However, these platforms are rarely applied outside of academia, likely because they require the adoption of design paradigms that are fundamentally different from industry practices ...
541,165,882,048
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Advanced LIGO's first observation periods \cite{2015CQGra..32g4001T,2013arXiv1304.0670T} represent a major step in probing the dynamical origin of high-energy emission from cosmic transients \cite{2013CQGra..30l3001B}. The significant improvement in gravitational wave (GW) search sensitivity en...
541,165,882,049
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Early-type galaxies (ETGs, with either elliptical or lenticular morphologies) have been the subject of many studies in recent decades. Far from the simple objects that they were once perceived to be, ETGs are now known to host a wide range of kinematic and dynamical features, believed to be the ...
541,165,882,050
arxiv
\section{The Model} In this work we consider the quantum phase transition induced by a magnetic impurity inserted in a conventional superconductor \cite{sakurai,satori,salkola,morr1,morr2,review,abrikosov60,ramazashvili97}. Consider a classical spin immersed in a two-dimensional $s$-wave conventional superconductor. W...
541,165,882,051
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Contemporary machine learning models perform well when training and testing data are identically distributed. However, in practice it is often impossible to obtain an unbiased sample of real-world data for training, and therefore distribution-shift inevitably exists between training and deploymen...
541,165,882,052
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgement} The ideas and methodology discussed in Section~\ref{sec:method} have been supported by General Atomics internal R\&D funds. Their application towards quantum chemistry problems as discussed in Section~\ref{sec:numerical} and Section~\ref{sec:hardware} is based upon work supported by the U.S. ...
541,165,882,053
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the eighties it was found that a relatively large fraction of Seyferts had a close companion (\cite{dah84,dah85}), although claims that this excess was due to selection effects were never dismissed (\cite{fuentes88}). More recent work revealed significant differences between Seyfert 1 and Se...
541,165,882,054
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1_intro}Introduction} The current filamentation instability (CFI) emerges as an essential process in various fields of plasma physics. It develops in anisotropic plasmas (where it is usually referred to as the Weibel instability) \cite{Weibel_1959, Davidson_1972} or multi-stream plasmas \cite...
541,165,882,055
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G=(V,E)$ be a nontrivial simple connected graph, where $V = \{v_1, v_2, \cdots, v_n\}$ and $E$ are the vertex set and edge set of $G$, respectively. $A(G)=(a_{ij})_{n \times n}$ is the adjacency matrix of $G$, where $a_{ij} =1$ if $v_i v_j \in E$, and $a_{ij} =0$ otherwise. Let $d_i$ be...