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1,941,325,218,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Many software systems today face changing and uncertain operating conditions. For such systems, employing a stationary approach that does not adapt to changes may jeopardize the quality goals of the system. Consider for instance a web-based system that runs a fixed number of se... |
1,941,325,218,089 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions and outlook} \label{sec:conclusion}
The objective of this study is to come to a better understanding of the
behaviour of Al, by means of simulating the \text{Al}\ensuremath{_\text{diss}}\xspace distribution in the ocean with
a reversible scavenging and general circulation model, and comparing it t... |
1,941,325,218,090 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION}
It is well recognized that the $\alpha$ particle interaction with atomic nuclei is important in astrophysics \cite{1}. Even if astrophysical reactions involving helium do not proceed through the strong $\alpha$-cluster states (because of their high excitation energy), these sta... |
1,941,325,218,091 | arxiv |
\subsection{Elementary operations with signature transform}
We start with the basic computations of signature applied to synthetic data streams. Consider two one-dimensional sequences:
\begin{eqnarray}
\{X^1\}_{i=4} &=& \{1,3,5,8\}\\
\{X^2\}_{i=4} &=& \{1,4,2,6\}\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
which represents a t... |
1,941,325,218,092 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@
{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}{2.3ex \@plus.2ex
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@
{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}{1.5ex \@plus .2ex
{\normalfont\bfseries}}
\newcommand{\ip}[1]{\left\langle#1\right\rangle}
\... |
1,941,325,218,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Programming languages with dynamic memory allocation, such as Java,
allow creating and manipulating linked data structures in the
\emph{heap}. The presence of cyclic data structures in the heap is a
challenging issue in the context of termination
analysis~\cite{DBLP:con... |
1,941,325,218,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The liquid-gas phase transition is the canonical example of a phase transition in statistical physics \cite{huang}. At a very basic level, the existence of the transition can be directly linked to the structure of the two-body interaction \cite{pathria}. The inter-atomic potent... |
1,941,325,218,095 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
I would like to thank Joakim Arnlind and Martin Bordemann
for discussions, and Jan Plefka for bringing
reference [6] to my attention when discussing together after my seminar at the Albert Einstein Institute.
|
1,941,325,218,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Invented more than 40 years ago~\cite{GN,GM,Zw}, quarks were initially
introduced rather formally, to account for a very limited variety
of hadronic flavor multiplets known at that time. Their simplest
application was to present every baryon as a three-quark system
and every meson as a quark-ant... |
1,941,325,218,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro}
There are two problems that bother cosmologists more than any other: (i) the initial cosmological -- big bang -- singularity, and (ii) the current accelerated pace of the cosmic expansion. While for the latter issue there are plenty of models which have been more or less success... |
1,941,325,218,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
$\sigma$ Orionis E is the archetype of an unusual and rare class of
helium-strong main sequence B stars \citep{Gray2009}, characterized by
extremely large magnetic fields and fast rotation. $\sigma$ Ori E
itself has a measured longitudinal magnetic field varying with an
amplitude of $B_l \sim 2... |
1,941,325,218,099 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Exterior or symmetric powers of modules
play an important role in algebraic $K$-theory,
in representation theory of finite groups, in number theory, or in
algebraic geometry. The object of this paper is to work out their central
role in a fascinating interplay of these four subjects we are no... |
1,941,325,218,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{Most soft materials of industrial and biological importance are viscoelastic and have non-Newtonian behavior under applied stress. For example, at sufficiently high strain rates, the deformation of their microscopic structure gives rise to nonlinear rheological response, \textit{e.g}. shear ... |
1,941,325,218,101 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{sections/1_Introduction}
\section{Experimental setup and data acquisition}
\label{sec:2-Experimental setup and data acquisition}
\input{sections/2_Experimental_setup_and_Data_Acqusition}
\section{Methods}
\label{sec:3-methods}
\input{sections/3_Methods}
\section{Experiments}
\label{sec:... |
1,941,325,218,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Few words have been used with more different meanings than the
word ``duality''. Even within the restricted framework of string
theories, duality originally meant a symmetry between the s and
the t-channels in strong interactions (coming from the demands in
the S-matrix ... |
1,941,325,218,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Landau-Yang theorem \cite{landau1948,yang1949} is an old and well-established result in QED, forbidding the decay of a massive spin-1 particle into two photons. A fine example is provided by orthopositronium: since it cannot decay into two photons but only into at least three, it has a much l... |
1,941,325,218,104 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conc}
\vspace{-0.1in}
We propose \emph{CNC}\ (\textit{\textbf{C}lustering} by learning to optimize \textit{\textbf{N}ormalized \textbf{C}uts}), a framework for learning to cluster unlabeled examples. We define a differentiable loss function equivalent to the expected normalized cuts and ... |
1,941,325,218,105 | arxiv | \subsection{Introduction}
The prospect of sequencing an entire human genome for less than \$1000
USD in a matter of hours is becoming closer to reality~\cite{zwolak08,schloss08,branton08}.
The original DNA-nanopore experiments of Kasianowicz et al.~\cite{Kasianowicz96}
showed polynucleotides can be pulled through nano... |
1,941,325,218,106 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Evidence collected over the past decade suggests that the cosmic,
volume-averaged star formation rate (SFR) density has increased from
the present to $z\sim 1$ (Lilly et al. 1996, Wilson et al. 2002) with
a possible flattening at higher redshift (Steidel et al. 1999,
Giavalisco et al 2004). ... |
1,941,325,218,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Backscatter sensor networks (BSNs) have emerged as a promising
technology for ultra low-cost, large-scale wireless sensor networking
and relevant internet-of-things (IoT) applications \cite{Alevizos_PhD_thesis:17,VaBlLe:08,AlTouBle:18}.
A multi-cell BSN consists of a f... |
1,941,325,218,108 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One primary goal of high energy heavy-ion collisions is to explore the phase structure of strongly interacting hot, dense nuclear matter. It can be displayed in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram, which is characterized by the temperature ($T$) and the baryon chemical potential ($\mu_... |
1,941,325,218,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{./Energy_levels}
\caption{Energy levels of a) neutral magnesium relevant for photoionization and b) $^{25}$Mg$^{+}$ relevant for Doppler cooling, repumping and stimulated-Raman transitions.}
\label{fig:Energylevels}
\end{figure}
Tr... |
1,941,325,218,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dalitz and Von Hippel (DvH)~\cite{DvH} applied the Coleman-Glashow
analysis of electromagnetic mass splittings~\cite{CG} to
the charge asymmetry (CA) of the $\Lambda N$ interaction,
long before the acceptance of $\rho^0 \omega$ mixing as a major
contribution to nuclear charge asymmetry~\cite... |
1,941,325,218,111 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
The present paper discusses three closely interrelated aspects of quantum mechanics: canonical quantization of classical system, quantum-classical correspondence and measurement problem. The discussion will be confined to system of non-relativistic particles with no spin. It is well known that e... |
1,941,325,218,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Automatic processing of 3D data obtained with sensors such as LIDARs, sparse stereo, and sparse time-of-flight is a central problem for various autonomous systems \cite{Hu_2022_CVPR, Fazlali_2022_CVPR, Sautier_2022_CVPR}.
Point clouds---in the form of an array of a fixed ... |
1,941,325,218,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the past decade, various observational discoveries have changed
our view on galactic nuclei rather drastically. Firstly, galactic
nuclei are generally observed to have a cuspy density distribution at
small radii, with densities behaving as $\rho(r)\propto
r^{-\gamma}$. The observed cusp s... |
1,941,325,218,114 | arxiv | \section{\hspace{-1.0em}. #1}}
\begin{document}
\title{\vspace*{-1 cm}
\bf Asymptotic Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Point Processes \\ Based on Scaled Empirical K-Functions}
\author{{\bf Lothar Heinrich}$^1$}
\date{}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
\noindent
{\small We study sequences of scaled edge-corrected emp... |
1,941,325,218,115 | arxiv | \section{\large Introduction and statement of the main result}\label{sec1}
Some basic notations and definitions are included in the next section. Further notations and definitions are introduced by their first occurrence. A celebrated theorem of Delange \cite{[De]}, \cite[Th. 3]{[M]}, \cite[VIII.2, Th. 2.1]{[ScSp]}... |
1,941,325,218,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we are studying the \emph{matrix Schubert varieties} $\overline{X_{\pi}} \cong Y_{\pi} \times \mathbb{C}^q$ associated to a permutation $\pi \in S_N$, where $q$ is maximal possible. They first appear during Fulton’s study of the degeneracy loci of flagged vector bundles in \cite... |
1,941,325,218,117 | arxiv |
\section{Gronwall alternative for the stability result}
If for a given application, Assumption~\ref{Assumption_small} is too restrictive, one may make the following alternative assumption which one can use with Gronwall's inequality.
\begin{assumption}\label{Assumption_app}
We assume that there exists $\overline... |
1,941,325,218,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In classical communication theory it is clear that information cannot be
transmitted on a channel unless there is some \textit{correlation} between the
sent and received data [1]. If Alice and Bob, at the endpoints of the channel,
cannot establish such a correlation then they cannot exchang... |
1,941,325,218,119 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The exploration of the overall Higgs sector will enter in a new era with the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC).
It will focus on processes with much smaller cross-sections around the femtobarn level and even below.
It will request at the same time very high precision for handling ... |
1,941,325,218,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The phenomenon of EIT has been well studied over the years in lambda ($\Lambda$), vee (V) and ladder ($\Xi$) type systems. EIT creates transparency for a weak probe in an otherwise absorbing medium in the presence of a strong control beam by nonlinear modification of the susceptibility of the me... |
1,941,325,218,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $C_1,C_2$ be two structures in a given relational language $\mathcal{L}$. A \textbf{partial isomorphism} from $C_1$ into $C_2$ is an isomorphism of a substructure of $C_1$ onto a substructure of $C_2$. A \textbf{partial automorphism} (or a partial isomorphism) of an $\mathcal{L}$-structure $... |
1,941,325,218,122 | arxiv | \section*{Supplemental Materials}
\end{widetext}
\subsection{Renormalization}
In order to renormalize the bare quasi-TMD matrix elements, the square root of Wilson loop $\sqrt{Z_E}$ and logarithmic divergence factor $Z_O$ need to be computed.
The Wilson loop $Z_E(r=2L+z,b_{\perp},a)$ is defined as the vacuum exp... |
1,941,325,218,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{prima}
Yang-Mills theories on the two-dimensional space-time cylinder
$S_1\times R$ have been extensively studied in the recent
literature \cite{Ra88,He88,He93,He94}. The common wisdom says that, without
fermions, no dynamical
degrees of freedom are available in two dimensions, but only
to... |
1,941,325,218,124 | arxiv |
\subsection{Notation:}
We use the following notation and conventions.
We use one-indexing unless otherwise specified.
We represent matrices with bold uppercase, $\mat{A}$.
We represent column vectors with bold lowercase, $\vec{a}$.
We represent sets with script lettering, $\set{A}$.
We represent scalars ... |
1,941,325,218,125 | arxiv | \section{I\lowercase{ntroduction}}
During a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, loud noise generated by the gradient coils of the scanner typically accompanies the acquisition of brain images \citep{ravi.acoustic.00}. The intensity of this noise can vary between 100 and 120 dBA SPL and the energy c... |
1,941,325,218,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Prior to decoupling at redshift $z\sim 1020$, baryons and dark matter behave differently because they experience different forces. The Universe is ionized, and the electrons are tightly coupled to the photons through Thomson scattering, while the protons follow the electrons und... |
1,941,325,218,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{oftware} defined network (SDN)\cite{8066287} and network function virtualization (NFV) \cite{7243304} play an important role in data center networks \cite{medhat2017service}. They can implement the separation of module functions and dedicated hardware equipments, where the modul... |
1,941,325,218,128 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
We are grateful to M. G. Kozlov, V. V. Flambaum, V. Dzuba and Y. Stadnik for fruitful discussions. We acknowledge technical support from A. Brogna, M. Schott, T.H. Lin and A. D{\"u}dder. The work is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 rese... |
1,941,325,218,129 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries on 2-categories}
We distinguish between \emph{small} and \emph{large} sets. For us \emph{legitimate} \mbox{categories} are categories with small hom sets, also called \emph{locally small}. We freely consider without previous warning illegitimate categories with large hom sets, for example the ca... |
1,941,325,218,130 | arxiv |
\subsection{Model Architecture}\label{sec:model}
Fig.~\ref{fig:predictor_net} shows the architecture of our subtask goal prediction network.
The model takes in the observed high-level action $a$ and the state observations $x$.
For the manipulator example, $x = (x_I,x_{ee},x_g)$ is the image, arm
position, and gripper... |
1,941,325,218,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}}
Black hole thermodynamics has been an intriguing subject of discussions for decades. The analogy between space-time with Black hole horizon and thermodynamics have been extensively investigated \cite{Hawking1973}. The four laws of black hole thermodynamics were discovered by Carter, Hawking, an... |
1,941,325,218,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In past work \cite{Alb90,Alb93} we have addressed the problem of setting up
both the {\em longitudinal} ($R_L$) and the {\em transverse} ($R_T$) responses
that enter in the expression of the inclusive cross section for inelastic
scattering of electrons from nuclei. The inelasti... |
1,941,325,218,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) \cite{xu2018quantization}\cite{xu2018mda}\cite{xu2018scaling}\cite{xu2018accelerating}\cite{xu2017efficient}, smart home, managed by intelligent devices \cite{al2014novel} \cite{al2017demand}, have provided tangible benefits
for customers to contro... |
1,941,325,218,134 | arxiv |
\section*{List of Authors}
\noindent Andre Bourdoux, IMEC, Belgium \\
Andre Noll Barreto, Barkhausen Institut, Germany \\
Barend van Liempd, IMEC, Belgium \\
Carlos de Lima, University of Oulu, Finland \\
Davide Dardari, University of Bologna, Italy \\
Didier Belot, CEA-LETI, France \\
Elana-Simona Lohan, Tampere Uni... |
1,941,325,218,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\object{RX\,J0852.0$-$4622}\ (also called \object{G266.2$-$1.2}) is a
young shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) in the line of sight to the
Vela SNR. The observed X-ray emission of \object{RX\,J0852.0$-$4622}\ extends over a
roughly circular region with a diameter of $\sim \! 2\degr$ with a
brig... |
1,941,325,218,136 | arxiv | \section{\label{1}Introduction}
Hermiticity of system is the basic assumption of quantum mechanics, which plays an important role in the study of topological states and allows the existence of real eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenstates which help to define the classification of topological phase~\cite{1-1,1-2,1-3} ... |
1,941,325,218,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
One interesting phenomenon in human learning by watching demonstrations is that we can not only infer the task definition (specification) from one demonstration video, but also generalize the same task specification by watching a collection of demonstration videos showing the s... |
1,941,325,218,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of symmetries of differential equations goes back to Sophus Lie. The technique for computing the point symmetry group is well described in \cite{olverbook, hydonbook,blumanbook}. At first, symmetry analysis was applied to the particular PDEs in order to understand the geometry of equat... |
1,941,325,218,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the years, the identification of counterfeit goods in market has always posed a challenge for all supply chain stakeholders. As per the latest assessment of EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the global sales of count... |
1,941,325,218,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The hint of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) has come from the measurement of
non zero neutrino masses and astrophysical observations supporting the existence of dark matter (DM).
It is indeed intriguing to identify a common origin of both of these weakly coupled sectors.
In spite of ear... |
1,941,325,218,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
We are interested in the problem of steering the states of a colossal group of agents, of which the dynamics are governed by a discrete-time stable first-order linear system, between an initial and a final probability densities or occupation measures without stochastic d... |
1,941,325,218,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Social scientists have long been interested in how ideas and behavior diffuse across space, networks,
and time. In political science, scholars study the spatial and temporal
clusters of civil wars by analyzing how information, people, and goods move across space \citep{lake1998conflict,
gledits... |
1,941,325,218,143 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The young stellar associations within 100~pc from the Sun are valuable benchmarks to study the evolution and dispersal of young stars in the field. The close proximity and young age has also made them ideal targets to search for planetary-mass companions around young stars \citep[see e.g.][]{Cha... |
1,941,325,218,144 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Compounds are extremely common in Icelandic, accounting for over 88\% of all words in the \textit{Database of Icelandic Morphology} (DIM) \cite{Bjarnadottir_2017,Bjarnadottir_2019}. As compounding is so productive, new compounds frequently occur as out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words, which may adverse... |
1,941,325,218,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section__introduction}
Sustaining operational know-how guarantees companies an advantage over competitors. This can be achieved by establishing best practices that ensure the optimal operation of machines and recording troubleshooting approaches that reduce downtime \cite{Omotayo2015}.
Th... |
1,941,325,218,146 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We would like to thank all the anonymous reviewers for their insightful and valuable suggestions, which help improve this paper's quality. This work is supported by Cognitive Computing and Intelligent Information Processing (CCIIP) Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazh... |
1,941,325,218,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method by White \cite{whitePRL}
has considerably enhanced our abilities to diagonalize numerically the Hamiltonians
of one-dimensional quantum systems. Among the systems treated so far by the DMRG
method we mention Heisenberg spin... |
1,941,325,218,148 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The International Astronomical Consortium for High Energy Calibration (IACHEC)\footnote{\href{http://web.mit.edu/iachec/}{\tt http://web.mit.edu/iachec/}} is a group dedicated to supporting the cross-calibration of the scientific payload of high energy astrophysics missions with the ultimate goa... |
1,941,325,218,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $p$ be a prime number and $F$ be a number field with ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_F$. We let $G_{F}$ denote the absolute Galois group of $F$. Assume that $\overline{r}:G_{F}\rightarrow \text{GL}_2(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p)$ is an irreducible and modular Galois representation.
When $F$ is unra... |
1,941,325,218,150 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Let ${\mathcal O}_n$ be the local algebra of holomorphic function germs at the origin in $\CC^n$ with $n\ge 2$. For every hypersurface germ ${\mathcal V}$ at the origin (considered with its reduced complex structure) denote by $I({\mathcal V})$ the ideal ... |
1,941,325,218,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Charmless non-leptonic decays of $B_{(s)}$ mesons play an important role in quantifying the amount of CP violation,
one of the most subtle phenomena in flavour physics. The structure of the decay amplitude can be generically written as
\begin{align}
{\cal A}(\bar B \to f) &= \lambda_u^{(D)} \, A... |
1,941,325,218,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper deals with the construction of a blow up solution for a one dimensional 2x2 hyperbolic
system of conservation laws related to a particular isothermal gas-solid chromatography process,
called ``Pressure Swing Adsorption'' (PSA), with two species. Each of the two species simultaneousl... |
1,941,325,218,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
In many engineering and scientific problems, we acquire data that
can be modeled as a weighted super-position of pulses (kernels), and
aim to decompose it into its building blocks, frequently called \emph{atoms}.
Typical examples are ultrasound imaging \cite{tur2011innovation,wagner2012compress... |
1,941,325,218,154 | arxiv | \section{Introcuction}
This article deals with the qualitative analysis of the following Reaction-Diffusion (RD) system
\begin{equation}
\label{FHNRD}
\left \{
\begin{array}{rcl}
\epsilon u_t &=& f(u)-v +d u_{xx}, \,(x,t)\in (a,b)\times (0,+\infty) \\
v_t &=& u -c(x)
\end{array}
\r... |
1,941,325,218,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The relationship between gravity in a three-dimensional spacetime and
two-dimensional quantum gravity has been a topic of much interest over the last
decade \cite{verlinde,carkog,iangrav,carlip,kogan,ashw,chvd,kpz}. Of particular
interest is topologically massive gravity \cite{djt} whose relatio... |
1,941,325,218,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Investigations into possible systematic effects entering in the measurement of $\delta\alpha/\alpha\,$ have been discussed among others in Murphy et al (2003), Chand et al (2006), Molaro et al (2008). Here we focus onto the wavelength calibration error.
The wavelength calibration of the QSO ... |
1,941,325,218,157 | arxiv |
\section{Atomic Lipschitz Constants}\label{sec:atomic}
The simplest method for constructing a Lipschitz constant for a neural network composes the Lipschitz constants of atomic components. If $f_1$ and $f_2$ are $k_1$- and $k_2$-Lipschitz continuous functions, respectively, and $f(x) = f_2(f_1(x))$, then $f$ is $k$-... |
1,941,325,218,158 | arxiv | \section{Community detection}\label{sec:comdet}
Community detection is the partitioning of a set
of nodes~$\mathcal{N}$
into non-overlapping~\footnote{We do not consider
generalizations to overlapping communities here.}
and non-empty subsets
$\mathcal{A},~\mathcal{B},~\mathcal{C},\ldots~\subseteq~\mathcal{N}$,
cal... |
1,941,325,218,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A mixed longitudinal study is a mixture of a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional one \citep{berger1986comparison, helms1992intentionally}. Suppose researchers intend to study the social and cognitive development of children aged 4 - 12. In an ideal longitudinal design, a group of 4-year-old... |
1,941,325,218,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Understanding the geometry of noncommutative space is believed to be
crucial in order to approach a quantum theory of gravity. Both String
theory (via the IKKT model \cite{ikkt:superstring}) and the matrix
regularization of Membrane theory
\cite{h:phdthesis,dwhn:supermembranes}, being ... |
1,941,325,218,161 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S1}
Multi-panel massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) is a viable array configuration to realize the future millimeter-wave (mmWave)/terahertz (THz) communications \cite{WZhang_CM18,WZhang_Tcom20}.
Specifically, the antenna elements are integrated into a uniform planar array (UP... |
1,941,325,218,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Dynamical interaction of multiple objects is common in physics and astronomy.
It occurs over a huge range of scales from atoms in molecules to galaxies.
If we know the interaction potential, then it is possible in principle
to calculate the evolution of such a system. As is well known, systems
o... |
1,941,325,218,163 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Human babies gradually make sense of their environment through their experiences.
Via a continuous active engagement, they develop progressively richer ways to interact with the world and richer concepts to think about it.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of this ... |
1,941,325,218,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and results}
First, we describe the usual site percolation model in ${\mathbb Z}^d$.
This model is defined as follows.
For fixed $p\in (0,1)$, consider i.i.d.\ random variables $\omega(x)$, $x\in {\mathbb Z}^d$,
where $\omega(x)=1$ with probability~$p$ and $\omega(x)=0$ with probability
$1-p$. A s... |
1,941,325,218,165 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since spontaneously broken chiral symmetry is thought to be a fundamental
feature of low energy effective Lagrangians, it is remarkable that it is
difficult to describe nuclear matter and nuclei with such a Lagrangian.
For example, it has long been known \cite{kerman} that the standard
Lagrangia... |
1,941,325,218,166 | arxiv | \section{List of Mean-field energies}
The mean-field ground state energy density $E_0$ is given by Eq.~(4) in the main text. For some purely dipolar and purely quadrupolar phases of interest, their $E_0$ can be written down explicitly up to the 3rd nearest neighbor:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Eq:biased}
\text{FM}: E_0 &=& ... |
1,941,325,218,167 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}}
The radio access network (RAN) paradigm is completely changing in
next generation (5G and beyond) mobile systems due to the ever-growing
traffic demand, calling for the fulfillment of strict requirements
in terms of throughput, mobility and latency. Pervasive deploym... |
1,941,325,218,168 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Semi-supervised learning is an important learning paradigm for the situations that a large amount of data are easily obtained, but only a few labeled data are available due to the laborious or expensive annotation process \cite{semilearningbook}. A variety of SSL methods have been proposed over ... |
1,941,325,218,169 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus
-.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\noindent\reset@font\normalsize\bf\raggedright}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus
-.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\noindent\reset@font
\normalsize\it\raggedright\hyphenpenalty=10000\exhyphenpena... |
1,941,325,218,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There has been burgeoning interest in probabilistic programming languages in the
last ten years and workshops on the topic now figure regularly as satellites of
both programming languages conferences and machine learning conferences. The
main motivation is building \emph{compositional} models of... |
1,941,325,218,171 | arxiv | |
1,941,325,218,172 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
By definition, the {\em big J-function} of permutation-equivariant
quantum K-theory of $X=pt$ takes an input of the form
${\mathbf t}(q) =\sum_{k\in \mathbb Z} {\mathbf t}_k q^k$ with coefficients ${\mathbf t}_k$ from a
$\lambda$-algebra $\Lambda$, and assumes the value
\[ \mathcal J_X({\mathb... |
1,941,325,218,173 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Power systems are transitioning to renewable sustainable sources, and the role of inertia is becoming more critical to system frequency stability~\cite{milano2018foundations}. Wind and solar energy account for a continuously higher share of the generation fleet of power systems and are explored u... |
1,941,325,218,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
\beginsec
This paper continues a line of research started
in \cite{ata-bis} that aims at analyzing queueing control problems (QCPs) at
the moderate deviation (MD) heavy traffic regime.
The model under consideration consists of a server that serves
customers from a number of classes,... |
1,941,325,218,175 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:level1}
Understanding collective dynamics and self-organization in the biological sciences has been the subject of much research interest for several decades \cite{berg1993random,couzin2002collective}. Mathematical models describing collective dynamics have been used in the context o... |
1,941,325,218,176 | arxiv | \section{Figurate primes}
In a letter to Crelle's Journal in 1844, Catalan stated that 8 and 9
are the only consecutive perfect powers, i.e., the Diophantine
equation
\[p^a-q^b=1\]
has unique positive integral solution $(p,q,a,b)=(2,3,3,2).$ This
is later known as Catalan's conjecture.
In 2004, P. Mih$\check{a}$iles... |
1,941,325,218,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Windlasses are winches used to pull weight or tighten sails on boats. They typically provide tension in a rope as it is wound around a cylinder, thereby transferring rotation momentum into translation momentum.
In 1989, Vollrath \& Edmonds \cite{Vollrath1989} proposed that the water droplets pre... |
1,941,325,218,178 | arxiv | \subsection{Introduction}
Significant progress has been made in recent understanding of black hole information paradox~\cite{Hawking:1976ra}. In particular the island formula~\cite{Penington:2019npb,Almheiri:2019psf,Almheiri:2019hni} for the von Neumann entropy of Hawking radiation~\cite{Hawking:1975vcx} gives Page cur... |
1,941,325,218,179 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Forecasting the stock market is infamously difficult. Weak predictions are often explained by the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The EMH, in its semi-strong form, says that securities' values are determined by all publicly-available information~\cite{famaBehaviorStockMarketPrices1965, loAdap... |
1,941,325,218,180 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{s:1}
The image of our galaxy's central supermassive black hole Sagittarius~A* (Sgr~A*),
derived recently by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration
(see Figure~\ref{Fig1}A and Refs.~\cite{coll2022a,coll2022b,coll2022c,coll2022d,coll2022e,coll2022f})
shows a multi-spot structur... |
1,941,325,218,181 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well accepted that people often vote strategically in political and other situations, taking into account not just their preferences, but also beliefs about how their vote would affect the outcome~\cite{Forsythe1996ThreeCandidateExperiments,Bassi2008StrategicManipulationExperimentalStudy}.... |
1,941,325,218,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The topic of {\it the quark-gluon medium} is so widely spread nowadays that it deserves a series of monographs, even in spite of still being in
the actively developing stage, and can not be fully covered within a single review paper. That is why we mostly concentrate here on general ideas
about ... |
1,941,325,218,183 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Almost certainly, the sophisticated mechanisms for self-replication found
today in living cells were not present in the earliest replicators
\cite{Szathmary87,Mayn95a,Gest99a}. Instead, some hypothesized that the first
replicators were autocatalytic networks of functional molecules that
collect... |
1,941,325,218,184 | arxiv |
\section{Acknowledgment}
This material is based in part upon work supported by the
National Science Foundation under Grant Number 1900676 and 2019239.
\section{Conclusion}
We present the \textsc{DNNV}\xspace framework for reducing the burden on DNN verifier researchers, developers, and users. \textsc{DNNV}\xsp... |
1,941,325,218,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{gc1}
Manifolds with corners are differential-geometric spaces locally modelled on ${\mathbin{\mathbb R}}^n_k=[0,\infty)^k\times{\mathbin{\mathbb R}}^{n-k}$, just as manifolds are spaces locally modelled on ${\mathbin{\mathbb R}}^n$. Manifolds with corners form a category ${\mathop{\bf Man... |
1,941,325,218,186 | arxiv | \section{Seyfert Unification and the dual-absorber model}
\section{The dual-absorber model}
Seyfert galaxies are generally subdivided into two spectroscopic
classifications:
type 1's have extremely broad permitted emission lines, less broad
forbidden lines, and strong non-thermal continua,
while type 2 Seyferts
exhib... |
1,941,325,218,187 | arxiv | \chapter*{Preface}
This textbook is intended for use by students of physics, physical
chemistry, and theoretical chemistry. The reader is presumed to have a
basic knowledge of atomic and quantum physics at the level provided, for
example, by the first few chapters in our book {\it The Physics of Atoms
and Quanta}. The ... |
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