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1,941,325,217,988 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{lemma}{0} \setcounter{theorem}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The weak Goldbach conjecture asserts that every odd integer greater than $5$ can be represented as the sum of three primes. The well-known Vinogradov three primes theorem says that the weak Goldbach conjecture is true for eve... |
1,941,325,217,989 | arxiv | \chapter*{Supplementary material}\label{sec:supplementary}
\begin{refsection}
\vspace{-1 cm}
\section*{S1 Methods}\label{s:methods}
\subsection*{Upstream determination}
Surface runoff is the excess water from precipitation, i.e. rain and snow, or meltwater from snow or glaciers that does not enter the soil (infiltr... |
1,941,325,217,990 | arxiv | |
1,941,325,217,991 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In this work, we further the study of time evolution for certain Borel measures whose underlying dynamic is provided by a \textit{Hamiltonian} structure.
In particular, for a given measure $\mu_{t}$ on $D:= 2d$--dimensional \textit{phase space} for a fluid or particle system in $d$--dimension... |
1,941,325,217,992 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, all graphs considered are simple. We refer
the reader to \cite{bb} and \cite{lm} for standard graph theoretic
terms not defined in the paper.
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$.
We call a graph with only one vertex {\it trivial} and all oth... |
1,941,325,217,993 | arxiv | \section{Introduction, summary and discussion}
The $AdS$/CFT correspondence, or holographic gauge/gravity duality, has offered a new way of looking at quantum large-$N$ gauge theories in the strongly-coupled regime, providing a reformulation in terms of degrees of freedom propagating in a higher-dimensional, curved s... |
1,941,325,217,994 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Consider an infinite dimensional Banach space $X$. Denote by $\mathcal{L} (X)$ the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on $X$, and by $\mathcal{K}(X)$ the ideal of the compact operators in $\mathcal{L}(X)$.
Given $A \in \mathcal{L}(X)$, a fundamental problem of (linear) ... |
1,941,325,217,995 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The question whether there is a boundary to spacetime
is of fundamental interest for a more complete understanding of the
structure of spacetime and spacetime singularities.
It has been argued \cite{poissonandisrael} that the inner horizon of
black holes (BHs) may be such a boundary. The inn... |
1,941,325,217,996 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Positive topological entropy for random substitutions was already identified in the pioneering work of Godr\`{e}che and Luck \cite{godreche-luck} in 1989, where they introduced and focused on a single example, the random Fibonacci substitution. This was later shown to hold in general for random ... |
1,941,325,217,997 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
In the present paper we elaborate on the connections between fusion systems, chamber systems and parabolic systems.
A fusion system ${\mathcal F}$ is a category whose objects are the subgroups of a finite $p$-group $S$; the morphisms are monomorphisms between these subgroups, such that all monom... |
1,941,325,217,998 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years cloud technologies have become used more extensively in research. The combination of cost-efficient storage and on-demand compute capability have lowered barriers for many who are either not technically savvy or who lack financial resource to create and maintain large scale real-... |
1,941,325,217,999 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider a compact $n-$dimensional $C^{\infty}-$manifold $(M,g)$ without boundary. Writing $\Delta_g$ for the Laplace-Beltrami operator, we
are interested in structural properties of Laplacian eigenfunctions
$$ -\Delta_g u = \lambda u.$$
A natural object of study is the measure of the nodal s... |
1,941,325,218,000 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}This is a following up note of \cite{SW}.
In 1982, R.Hamilton introduced the Ricci flow
in \cite{Hamilton}.
In the K\"ahler setting, the
K\"ahler condition is preserved under the flow. H-D. Cao(\cite{Cao}) first studied the K\"ahler-Ricci flow.
Using Yau's estimates for complex Monge-Amp\`ere ... |
1,941,325,218,001 | arxiv | \section{\textit{Introduction}}
$~~~~~~~$Recently, there has been a noticeable interest from researchers to study nonstationary queueing systems because they represent the actual reality of many applications in our life.
Nevertheless, we find few works around these systems, as studying these systems needs new, unrecogn... |
1,941,325,218,002 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and motivation}
\subsection{Motivation}
Autoregression in the sense of ARIMA time series models cannot be directly
applied to integer values for obvious reasons. Thus, most integer-valued
autoregressive (INAR)\ time series models are based upon thinning operators
such as \cite{Steutel} (see al... |
1,941,325,218,003 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ergodicity of quantum many body system is a complex phenomena which has attracted significant interest in the recent years due to the advancement in cold atom experiments to study the non-equilibrium dynamics of many interacting particles \cite{Polkovnikov}. Quantum ergodicity is one of the key i... |
1,941,325,218,004 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
We propose a model for the description of the disjunction of concepts by using the mathematical structure of quantum field theory. The model predicts with very great accuracy the results of an experiment published in Hampton (1988b). The disjunction of concepts was studied by Hampton as part of ... |
1,941,325,218,005 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The consistency relations for adiabatic modes~\cite{Maldacena:2002vr,Creminelli:2004yq,Cheung:2007sv,Creminelli:2012ed,Hinterbichler:2012nm,Senatore:2012wy,Hinterbichler:2013dpa,Goldberger:2013rsa,Berezhiani:2013ewa,Pimentel:2013gza} serve as a powerful discriminating principle among various cla... |
1,941,325,218,006 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The search for manifestations of New Physics (NP) is part of the
program of future high energy colliders \cite{coll, phys}. As discussed in
previous papers \cite{DeR, blind, GRVZbb}, if no new particles are
produced in the future colliders, these NP manifestations
may appear only as anomalous int... |
1,941,325,218,007 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rarita-Schwinger fields are solutions of the Rarita-Schwinger equation. This equation is the relativistic field equation of spin-3/2 fermions, introduced by W. Rarita and J. Schwinger \cite{RaritaSchwinger}.
We can consider Rarita-Schwinger fields as sections in the kernel of the Rarita-Schwin... |
1,941,325,218,008 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum key distribution (QKD) \cite{BB84} is a technique for distributing information-theoretically secure secret keys between two parties connected by a quantum channel.
Beginning from the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) \cite{BB84}, and the Ekert 1991 protocols \cite{E91}, there is now a variety... |
1,941,325,218,009 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{Intro}}
\subsection{Motivation - a brief (and selective) history of unification}
Just under a century after Newton published his inverse square law of gravitation in 1687, Coulomb published his inverse square law of electrostatics. Over the following period of nearly 80 years, physicists ... |
1,941,325,218,010 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies is a lively debated topic in astrophysics, because the advent of more powerful telescopes stimulated more detailed theories and numerical simulations to interpret new observations. The main issue concerns the role of the comp... |
1,941,325,218,011 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgement}
This research is based upon work supported by U.S. DARPA SemaFor Program No. HR001120C0123. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of DARPA, or the U.S. G... |
1,941,325,218,012 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Opinion dynamics is a sub-field of agent-based modelling focused on people’s opinions \citep{Flache, Castellano_2009}. Models from this field, are good candidates for better understanding pressing social problems, such as vaccine hesitancy. However, current opinion dynamics models are rarely use... |
1,941,325,218,013 | arxiv |
\section{Background}
\label{sec:backgrounds}
In this section, we introduce the preliminaries of transfer attacks, including
the components that may affect the transferability.
\subsection{Transfer Attack}
Transfer attack involves \textit{adversarial attack} and
\textit{transferability}. Specifically, a classifier ... |
1,941,325,218,014 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
On the basis of theoretical and observational considerations \citep* [e.g.,][] {spitzer56, mcgaugh00, pagel08}
and numerical simulations \citep{klypin01} a massive halo of gas is expected around every luminous
late-type galaxy, otherwise these systems would be baryon defici... |
1,941,325,218,015 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the great mysteries in the quark model was why there is no
ninth Goldstone boson whose mass is somewhere between that of
the pion and the kaon. Roughly stated, the problem
is that in the limit of massless quarks, the quark model has
a $U(3)$ chiral symmetry. This chiral symmetry, when b... |
1,941,325,218,016 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
\label{motivation}
Estimating statistical relationships between variables is fundamental to any knowledge discovery process and has become an important topic in the database community \cite{chen1996data, zhu2002statstream, hall2003benchmarking}. Knowing the relationship b... |
1,941,325,218,017 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Molecular communication is a paradigm that aims to develop communication systems at the nanoscale \cite{AkyildizComNet}. In order to ensure efficiency and biocompatibility, the objective of this new communication paradigm is to develop communication systems by utilizing compon... |
1,941,325,218,018 | arxiv | \subsection[#1]{\centering #1}}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\csub[1]}{\centering\subsection{\text{#1} \nopunct} \hfill \justify}
\makeatother
\newcommand{\begin{aligned}}{\begin{aligned}}
\newcommand{\end{aligned}}{\end{aligned}}
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\newcomm... |
1,941,325,218,019 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
The sum-rank metric is a generalization of both the Hamming and the rank metric and was first considered in~\cite[Sec.~III]{lu2005unified} for designing space-time codes.
Later, N{\'o}brega and Uch{\^o}a-Filho showed that the sum-rank metric is suitable for error contr... |
1,941,325,218,020 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Action prediction is a highly practical research topic that could be used in many real-world applications such as video surveillance, autonomous navigation, human-computer interaction, etc. Different from action recognition, which recognizes the human action category upon a complete video, action... |
1,941,325,218,021 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Under the influence of gravity, the initially-small fluctuations in the primordial density field grow to become the hierarchical and nonlinear structures observed today. We can study the late-time clustering of matter by evolving a density field described by an initial power spectrum and compari... |
1,941,325,218,022 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Brauer group of a variety $X$, which in this paper we take to mean
the cohomology group $\Br X = \H^2(X,{\mathbb{G}_\mathrm{m}})$, was extensively studied by
Grothendieck~\cite{Grothendieck:GB}. Brauer groups of singular
varieties are not particularly well behaved: in particular, the Brauer... |
1,941,325,218,023 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the discovery of the streaks in the near-wall region of the turbulent boundary layers by \citet{Kline1967}, the coherent structures, as well as the energy-containing motions (eddies) in wall-bounded turbulence have been extensively investigated over the past decades.
Now, it is understood ... |
1,941,325,218,024 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The relation between thermodynamics and gravitational physics was first described for the case of black holes. It was found that the Einstein equations imply a set of laws of black hole dynamics analogous to those of thermodynamics~\cite{Bardeen:1973} and that black holes posses entropy proport... |
1,941,325,218,025 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum sensing concerns acquiring an ultra-high-precision estimation or measurement of a quantity of interest by making use of certain quantum resources~\cite{RevModPhys.89.035002}, which have no classical counterparts. The most common resources employed in quantum sensing are entanglement~\cit... |
1,941,325,218,026 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Overview of the results}
Let $X$ be a scheme over a field $k.$ Grothendieck defined the algebraic de Rham cohomology of $X$ to be the hypercohomology of the algebraic de Rham complex $\Omega_X^*$ \cite{Gro66}. When $k$ is a field of characteristic zero, de Rham cohomology forms a Weil... |
1,941,325,218,027 | arxiv | \section{The measurement circuit}\label{eqnsol}
Consider a preparation device which can produce a quantum system in either the state $\ket{\psi_0}$, or the state $\ket{\psi_1}$. Suppose that $n$ copies of this device are used independently. Then there are $2^n$ possible joint states of the $n$ systems, depending on wh... |
1,941,325,218,028 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nature of dark matter in the universe is still unknown, and its exploration is a primary subject of astro-particle physics.
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the well-motivated dark matter candidates.
The WIMP particles are thermally produced in the early universe by suffi... |
1,941,325,218,029 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
\else \small
\begin{center}
{\bf Abstract\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{3pt}}
\end{center}
\quotation
\fi}
\def\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}
\def\qed{{\qquad \vbox{\hrule\hbox{%
\vrule height1.3ex\hskip0.8ex\vrule}\hrule
}}\par}
\def\newproof#1{\@nprf{#1}}
\... |
1,941,325,218,030 | arxiv | \section{Aristotle I A E O sentences:\\ the standard interpretation and its inadequacies}
When studying syllogisms and in his square of opposition, Aristotle considered 4 kinds of quantified sentences (see e.g. \cite{AristotleIEP}):
\begin{tabular}{lll}
A& Every S is P& Universal Affirmative \\
I &Some S is P & P... |
1,941,325,218,031 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A large number of cosmological observational data requires the existence of
two exotic components in the matter content of the universe, dark matter and dark energy
\cite{kamion}.
Both constitute the so-called dark sector of the cosmic budget. Dark matter is
necessary, for example, to explain th... |
1,941,325,218,032 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\citet{Harvie2000} represents a milestone in the empirical literature on the Goodwin model. Early attempts
by \citet{Atkinson1969} and \citet{Solow1990} to bring the model to data were restricted to the United States and did not provide formal econometric estimates, but rather in... |
1,941,325,218,033 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we have studied the impact of indirect local image perturbations on the performance of modern semantic segmentation networks.
We have observed that the state-of-the-art segmentation networks, such as PSANet and PSPNet, are more vulnera... |
1,941,325,218,034 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \emph{graph searching}, we consider simplified, combinatorial models for the detection or neutralization of an adversary's activity on a network. Such models often focus on vertex-pursuit games, where agents or cops are attempting to capture an adversary or robber loose on the vertices of a... |
1,941,325,218,035 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we develop a model that simulates trading activity in the Limit Order Book (LOB), the most common form of market mechanism, utilised in major stock exchanges to match the buying and selling interest in stocks \citet{jain2003institutional}. The LOB is a complicated, multivariate, ev... |
1,941,325,218,036 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a wide range of environmental processes and industrial applications that involve suspensions of particles
settling under gravity. Among these we recall the pollutant transport in underground water, soot particle
dispersion, fluidized beds and the settling of micro-organisms such as pl... |
1,941,325,218,037 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The original framework for holographic superconductors was presented in 2008 \cite{Hartnoll:2008vx,Hartnoll:2008kx} based on the previous work of Gubser \cite{Gubser:2008px}. These papers detailed how, via the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Witten:1998qj,Gubser:1998bc}, a supercon... |
1,941,325,218,038 | arxiv | |
1,941,325,218,039 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we presented a computationally efficient and statistically consistent
method, based on $\ell_1$-regularized logistic regression, for learning linear influence games ---
a subclass of parametric graphical games with linear payoffs. Under some mild conditions
... |
1,941,325,218,040 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective variety. For divisors on $X$, it is well-known that algebraic and homological equivalence coincide. Until the work of Griffiths however, it was not clear whether the same would hold for cycles of higher codimension. Griffiths found the first examples of al... |
1,941,325,218,041 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When considering the design of any robot manipulator, the first and foremost design consideration is the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) the robot will have. To determine the DOF, typically the tasks for the robot are considered, determining the requirements of the design \cite{al-dois-task}.... |
1,941,325,218,042 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We begin by recalling a few definitions from Geometric Invariant Theory; for more details, see \cite{B-S}.
Let $G$ be a connected affine algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic zero. An affine
$G$-variety $X$ is
an affine variety together
with an algebraic action... |
1,941,325,218,043 | arxiv | \section*{Checklist}
\section{Separable Reweighted Adversarial Training (SRAT)}\label{sec:methodology}
The observations from both preliminary studies and theoretical understandings indicate that more separable data will advance the reweighting strategy in adversarial training under imbalanced scenarios. Thus... |
1,941,325,218,044 | arxiv | \section{Deduction of Equation \ref{eqn:llse1}} \label{appendix:proof.eqn.llse1}
Assume that the LLSE estimate $\hat{X}(Y) = A Y + b$, where $A$
and $b$ are parameters.
LLSE minimizes the square errors between the estimated data $\hat{X}(Y)$
and the original data $X$, i.e.,
$$
\begin{array}{lcl}
J & = & {1\over2} E\{Tr... |
1,941,325,218,045 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}Given $QED$ in $D = 2+1$, can one find a dual theory such that the antiparticles of $QED$ are realized as particles in the dual gauge theory? In this paper we present a construction of such a duality while working within a Hamiltonian framework in the continuum. Our search for a particle-hole symm... |
1,941,325,218,046 | arxiv |
\subsection{Proof of \cref{lem:aux}}
\label{app:proof-aux}
\begin{proof}
\textit{a)}
Since $\vw[\obj]$ is $\lips$-smooth, it holds for all $\point, \alt{\point}\in\vecspace$ that
\begin{small}
\begin{equation}
\notag
\norm{\grad\vw[\obj](\point)-\grad\vw[\obj](\alt{\point})}^2
\le2\lips(\vw[\obj](\point)-... |
1,941,325,218,047 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An international collaboration is proposing\cite{pbar-LoI} to revive the experimental program at the Fermilab Antiproton Accumulator. We summarize the goals of this effort in the context of other efforts world-wide.
\subsection{Antiproton sources}
The world's highest-energy and highest-intensit... |
1,941,325,218,048 | arxiv |
\section*{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
Magnetic skyrmions are spatially localized spin textures with a well-defined
topology \citep{Nagaosa.2013,Soumyanarayanan.2016j7e}. Their nanoscale
size and ambient stability in metallic thin films \citep{Soumyanarayanan.2017,Boulle.2016,Moreau-Luchaire.2016,Je.2020},
as well ... |
1,941,325,218,049 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The flat/inverted radio spectrum seen in the hard state of black hole
X-ray binaries \citep[XRBs, e.g.,][]{Hynes00, Fender01, Fender06}, is
naturally accounted for by self-absorbed synchrotron emission from
jets \citep{BK79, HJ88, FB99}, analogous to the compact radio cores of
... |
1,941,325,218,050 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading}
In the last few years, a number of molecular systems that show room-temperature polariton condensation have emerged \cite{Kena-Cohen2010,Daskalakis2014,Plumhof2014}. Polaritons are hybrid exciton-photon quasiparticles that form in optical microcavities when dissipation i... |
1,941,325,218,051 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgements}
We want to thank Nadia Heninger and Josh Fried for augmenting their database
with our moduli and attempting to find factors in them. We also want to
thank Ralf-Philipp Weinmann, Ivan Pustogarov, Alex Biryukov from the Trawling
research team and Donncha O'Cearbhaill from The Tor Project for ... |
1,941,325,218,052 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Authors publish because they want to transfer information. An essential ingredient for this transfer is being able to find this information. Of course, it is also in the interest of a publisher or somebody running a search engine service to have efficient and intelligent tools for information dis... |
1,941,325,218,053 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The terms artificial intelligence (AI) are used to illustrate a diversity of technologies referring to the creation of intelligent software or hardware able to learn and solve problems. According to \citet{Thormundsson} from Statista Research Department, the global AI software market is predictab... |
1,941,325,218,054 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section:intro}
Recently there has been a upsurge in interest in the theory of
orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC). To a large extent
this can be attributed to the two volumes by Barry Simon devoted to
the theory of these polynomials. If $\mu$ is a positive probability
measur... |
1,941,325,218,055 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
In this appendix we discuss the change in the
superfluid density as a result of a vortex lattice, and its effect on
the validity of approximation (\ref{Eq:gaussden}) and the resulting
expression for the interspecies vortex attraction, Eq. (\ref{Eq:E12})
and (\ref{Eq:interspecies}).
First consider a... |
1,941,325,218,056 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The process of radiative Bhabha scattering,
\begin{equation}
e^-(p_1)\;e^+(q_1)\;\;\to\;\;e^-(p_2)\;e^+(q_2)\;\gamma(k)\;\;,
\label{theprocess}
\end{equation}
where we have indicated the various momenta, is expected to play
an important r\^{o}le in several physical problems. In the first
place, ... |
1,941,325,218,057 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{rtificial} Intelligence (AI) and more
specifically deep learning research have been moving in the
direction of emulating the human brain both functionally as well
as structurally.
A human brain is capable of learning, understanding,
discriminating, imagining, inferring, memorizin... |
1,941,325,218,058 | arxiv | \section{What Every Physicist Should Know about Noncommutative Spacetime}
Since Newton the concept of space and time has gone through various changes. In retrospect,
the upheaval of new physics has accompanied the novel concept of space and time.
And history is a mirror to the future. The concept of emergent gr... |
1,941,325,218,059 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a graph with $n$ edges. The \emph{period} of $G$ is a residue of the Feynman integral of $G$ viewed as a Feynman diagram in massless scalar field theory. This paper takes its physical motivation from graphs in $\phi^4$ theory, a field theory in which vertices have degree at most four.... |
1,941,325,218,060 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Polymeric materials play an important role in materials science and engineering. Along with traditional polymeric materials such as rubbers and plastics, thin films of polymers, often grafted to surfaces to form ``polymer brushes," have become prominent in many technological applications such as... |
1,941,325,218,061 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Video content occupied more than 70\% Internet traffic, and it became a big challenge for transmission and storage along its explosive growth. Researchers, engineers, etc, continuously pursue the (next-generation) high-efficiency video compression for wider application enabling and larger market ... |
1,941,325,218,062 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The most mysterious aspect of the Standard Model may be the pattern of fermion
masses and mixing. These are characterized by many parameters, whose patterns
are difficult to discern. Two major classes of theoretical approaches
to the question of fermion masses
may be distinguished: Grand Unif... |
1,941,325,218,063 | arxiv | \section{Derivation for Lemmas}
\label{lemma}
\begin{proof}[of Lemma~\ref{theorem1}]
Suppose $e(\tilde{w},\mathbf{C}_j)$ is a well-defined random variable. Note that $e(\tilde{w},\mathbf{C}_j)$ is measurable with respect to the $\sigma$-algebra generated by $\mathbf{C}_j$, and this implies $f_{W_j} \{\tilde{w}\mid \mat... |
1,941,325,218,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple connected graph. We use the standard graph notation. In particular, ${\rm Aut}(G)$ denotes the automorphism group of $G$. For simple connected graph $G$, and $v \in V$,
the \textit{neighborhood} of a vertex $v$ is the set $N_G(v) = \{u \in V(G) : uv \in E(G)\}... |
1,941,325,218,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological insulators (TIs) have been an intense focus of research and witnessed impressive experimental breakthroughs in the past years \citep{KaneMele_QSHE_PRL05, Hasan_TI_RMP10, Qi_TI_RMP_10, Qi_TFT_PRB08}. Several materials were predicted to exhibit TI behavior \cite{Zhang_TI_BandStr_NP09},... |
1,941,325,218,066 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In order to extend solvable potentials in one-dimensional quantum mechanics
\cite{infhul,susyqm,nieto}, two methods are well-known; the Darboux
transformation \cite{darb,crum} and the Abraham-Moses transformation
\cite{A-M}. The latter, about 30 years old, does not seem to have bee... |
1,941,325,218,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
In order to understand the underlying distribution of parameters of Galactic pulsars, it is general to perform Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of pulsar populations to generate artificial pulsars that satisfy the criteria of detection of exsisting surveys, and then... |
1,941,325,218,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The calculation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equilibria is an indispensable
element of basic plasma physics, as well as the application to magnetic fusion research.
Many methods for equilibrium calculations have been developed for two-dimensional and three-dimensio... |
1,941,325,218,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The investigation of nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collision mechanisms
at low and intermediate energies is a source of understanding the interplay
between macroscopic and microscopic aspects of interaction in hot, high-spin
nuclear matter. In this sense, fission mechanism of heavy nucl... |
1,941,325,218,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a random vector (rv) $\bm{U}=(U_1,\dots,U_d)^{\mathpalette\raiseT\intercal}$ whose distribution
function (df) is a copula $C$, i.e., each $U_i$ follows the uniform
distribution on $(0,1)$. The copula $C$ is said to be in the max-domain of attraction of an extreme value
df (EVD) $G$ on ... |
1,941,325,218,071 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgement}
The author is grateful to Ron Aharoni for many helpful discussions.
|
1,941,325,218,072 | arxiv | \subsection{Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in Subsection Title}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
The diagnostics of high relativistic electrons and emission source regions in solar flares are essential based on their emission spectra at various wavelength ranges (Gary 19... |
1,941,325,218,073 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The celebrated Mountain Pass Theorem of Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz \cite{Ambrosetti1973} is a very useful tool in nonlinear analysis with many important applications. For more details, we refer the reader to the comprehensive monographs \cite{Ambrosetti2007, Jabri2003, Nirenberg1981, Rabinowitz19... |
1,941,325,218,074 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to change the world, just as the Internet did~\cite{ashton2009internet}. This term is referred to the set of objects, sensors, and everyday items that are equipped with computing capability and network connectivity to send/receive data through the ... |
1,941,325,218,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The interaction between blackbody radiation (BBR) and atomic system has long attracted physicists' interests. With rapid improvements in atomic physics, the importance of BBR is more and more obvious, in both fundamental and applied science. In determination of frequency and time, the roles of u... |
1,941,325,218,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past few years, dedicated space-borne and ground-based observatories and
refined techniques have allowed us to discover and analyze galaxies
at increasingly large distances. It is common practice
in observational cosmology to select efficiently star-forming galaxies
(e.g. Lyman break g... |
1,941,325,218,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
The mean-median-mode trio involves the three most frequently used measures of central tendency of a dataset. They are taught within the very first classes of any course on basic Statistics. However, they do not share the same degree of importance: the sample mean (or average) is... |
1,941,325,218,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Human pose estimation is key for many applications, such as action recognition, animation, gaming, to name a few \cite{kalfaoglu2020late, starke2019neural, shotton2011real}.
State of the art methods \cite{cao2017realtime,tome2017lifting} that rely on RGB images can corr... |
1,941,325,218,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) is a complex and widely studied computer vision problem in research community. In HTR, cursive strokes of handwritten text need to be recognized. Available text can be either in online or offline form \cite{Kumari2022}. In online HTR, the time ordered sequence o... |
1,941,325,218,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\baselineskip=14pt
\elevenrm
During a dinner a few weeks ago, Mario Tonin reminded us that
Cardinal Bellarmino was right in the argument with Galileo. Bellarmino
agreed that indeed the picture of the planets going around the earth on
circles with epicycles could be simplified by putting the ... |
1,941,325,218,081 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Although originally purposed for radio-wave detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos interacting in cold polar ice via the Askaryan effect\cite{Askaryan1962a,Askaryan1962b,Askaryan1965}, the RICE\cite{KravchenkoFrichterSeckel2003}, ANITA\cite{GorhamAllisonBarwick2009}, ARA\cite{Allison:2011wk} a... |
1,941,325,218,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
\subsection{Resonance varieties}
\label{subsec:res-intro}
The cohomology ring of a space $X$ captures deep, albeit incomplete information
about the homotopy type of $X$. A fruitful idea, which arose in the late 1990s from
the theory of hyperplane arrangements \cite{Fa97,CS9... |
1,941,325,218,083 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
It is widely accepted that most massive galaxies harbor supermassive black holes \citep[for reviews see][]{Ho2008,Kormendy2013}. However, It is still unknown what fraction of small, bulgeless galaxies contain nuclear black holes \citep[for a review see][]{Greene2012}. If they ... |
1,941,325,218,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The issue of global warming has emerged as a central international environmental question over decades. As a consequence of industrialization and economic development, human-caused emissions of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide ($\rm CO_2$), contribute to a significant increase in th... |
1,941,325,218,085 | arxiv | \section{Socialist science}
\label{sec:SocialistScience}
Basic science is currently a socialist enterprise, funded by the taxpayer, with the results available to society at large. Government agencies centrally plan the bulk of funding decisions, with peer review providing input to committees that assist these agencie... |
1,941,325,218,086 | arxiv | \subsection{A concern} Steve Awodey at the ASL in Philadelphia noted that version did not address coherence. I believed use of a (not-necessarily-univalent) universe following \cite[\S 1]{KapuLenFanuVoev} would carry over routinely. I now think Steve is right this belief needs more careful verification. If it does ... |
1,941,325,218,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Modern time series analysis is increasingly using high-dimensional datasets, typically available at different frequencies. Conventional time series are often supplemented with non-traditional data, such as the high-dimensional data coming from the natural language proces... |
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