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1,941,325,218,188 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been shown that site selective fragmentation of C-H, N-H and O-H bonds in molecules are possible using electron energy as a control parameter \cite{c6vsp1,c6ptasinska,c6vsp2}. This functional group dependent site selective dissociation has enormous implications from the point of view of ch... |
1,941,325,218,189 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ultra-cold spinor Fermi gases in optical lattices are a potentially extraordinary tool for the modelling of strongly-correlated condensed matter systems under well-controlled conditions \cite{Lewenstein2006,Bloch2008}. The metal-to-MI transition was experimentally observed with ultra-cold 2-compo... |
1,941,325,218,190 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last few years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs)\cite{deeplearning} have gained lots of attention and been widely adopted in many computer vision tasks such as image classification\cite{alexnet}, object detection\cite{yolo} and face recognition\cite{deepface} due to their ability to deliver nea... |
1,941,325,218,191 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The interest in exploring, not only theoretically but also experimentally, the foundations of quantum mechanics has significantly increased over the years. After the establishment of quantum nonlocality, first with the famous works of J. Bell \cite{bell1964einstein,bell2004sp... |
1,941,325,218,192 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
Business process modeling has evolved from mere collection of requirements artifacts, supported by tools like
ARIS~\cite{aris}, to an important element in the whole development process of complex applications. With the
introduction of execution semantics for BPMN2~\cite{bpmn2spec,allweyer2009bpmn},... |
1,941,325,218,193 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus
-.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalfont\bfseries}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{1}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex
minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalfont\itshape}}
\@addtoreset{equation}{section}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic... |
1,941,325,218,194 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The evolution of a neutron star (NS) in a binary system
differs considerably in the case the donor star is a high
mass giant star in a HMXB
or is a lighter star in a LMXB (see {\it e.g.} Verbunt 1993; Lipunov 1992).
It is only in the former case that the formation of a
pulsar (slowly rotati... |
1,941,325,218,195 | arxiv | \section{Extended Abstract}
\begin{abstract}
We consider a class of visual analogical reasoning problems that involve
discovering the sequence of transformations by which pairs of input/output images are related, so
as to analogously transform future inputs. This program synthesis task can be easily solved
via symbol... |
1,941,325,218,196 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A blockchain is a distributed ledger which enables achieving consensus in a large decentralized network of agents who do not trust each other. It is a ledger in the sense that data stored on a blockchain is transactions like ``Alice sends 1 bitcoin to Bob''. It is distributed in the sense that ... |
1,941,325,218,197 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Recently, \cite{Hernan2018b} classified Data Science into three tasks: description, prediction, and causal inference. The first two fall firmly in the realm of statistical inference in that they are purely data-driven tasks, while the last requires something more than the observed data alone... |
1,941,325,218,198 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Water is the most abundant molecule in the universe after H$_{2}$ and
CO. It is present in many astrophysical environments including the
atmospheres of: M dwarfs (Allard et al.1994), brown dwarfs (Allard et
al. 1996), K and M giants and supergiants (Jennings and Sada 1998;
Ryde et al. 2002; Tsuji... |
1,941,325,218,199 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The energy of a tunnel junction between two superconductors (a Josephson junction) depends on the phase difference $\phi$ of the order parameter on the two sides of the junction. Its derivative vs $\phi$ exactly reflects the Josephson current flowing through the junction in the absence of an appl... |
1,941,325,218,200 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are not only witnesses of the phases of
galaxy formation and/or assembly, but are most likely among leading
actors. Indeed, three seminal discoveries indicate tight links and
feedbacks between super-massive black holes (SMBH), nuclear activity
and galaxy evolution. T... |
1,941,325,218,201 | arxiv | \section{Introduction, main results, and key ideas}
Many models of stochastic interfaces and random growth in two dimensional statistical mechanics exhibit a competition between local roughening forces and global smoothening constraints. These are expected to exhibit characteristic spatial and temporal fluctuation exp... |
1,941,325,218,202 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The emergence of atomically thin semiconductors has opened up a new research venue \cite{ares2021recent}. In particular, vertically stacked van der Waals heterostructures have recently gained much attention \cite{geim2013van,jin2018ultrafast,liao2019van,Merkl2019}, displaying intriguing fundament... |
1,941,325,218,203 | arxiv | \subsection*{Summary}
{\em Paleoclimate time series of greenhouse gases and temperature show Earth's periodic but noisy glacial transitions over the last 800,000 years, which are widely attributed to periodic changes in orbital forcing but are still not understood quantitatively. Here, we examine four time series from ... |
1,941,325,218,204 | arxiv | \section{Introduction }
Many online businesses, especially shopping websites and social media, created a platform that users can upload an image, and it classifies the images into predefined classes, potentially open-set classifiers, which in addition to known classes in the training data set, have an out-of-distribu... |
1,941,325,218,205 | arxiv | \chapter{The~\texorpdfstring{$\O_s$}{Os} notation}
\label{a.bigO}
Throughout the book, we use the symbol $\O_s(\cdot)$ as a way to express inequalities for random variables with respect to what is essentially the Orlicz norm~$L^\varphi(\Omega,\P)$ with $\varphi(t) = \exp \left( t^s \right)$. In this appendix, we coll... |
1,941,325,218,206 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Superheavy elements (SHE) are usually defined as the chemical elements
whose atomic nuclei have a vanishing fission barrier in the liquid drop
model. In this schematic picture, for nuclei with $Z \gtrsim 106$
the strong Coulomb repulsion pushes the nucleus to large deformation
and overcomes the ... |
1,941,325,218,207 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recommender System is a well-recognized and efficient way to provide end users with personalized services and products, overcome information overload and boost sales. Although various recommendation techniques such as collaborative filtering, content-based filtering and context-aware recommenda... |
1,941,325,218,208 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Cosmological measurements from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) have shown that the fraction of non-baryonic dark matter relative to that of the critical density of the Universe is $\Omega_\mathrm{DM}\rm{h}^2\simeq0.11$ \citep{Komatsu2011}, implying a weak ... |
1,941,325,218,209 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Voice biometric systems use \emph{automatic speaker verification} (ASV) \cite{reynolds_SC1995} technologies for user authentication. Even if it is among the most convenient means of biometric authentication, the robustness and security of ASV in the face of \emph{spoofing attacks} (or \emph{pres... |
1,941,325,218,210 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, environmental concerns have motivated a gradual transformation
of power systems, shifting from fossil fuel-based energy sources, such as coal
and natural gas, to Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind and solar
energy.
In this context, microgrids (MGs) have been proposed a... |
1,941,325,218,211 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newcommand{\wave}[1]{\mbox{\raisebox{-.6ex}{$\stackrel{\displaystyle{\sim}}
{\scriptstyle{x \rightarrow {#1}}}$}}}
\newcommand{\tr}[1]{\mbox{\raisebox{-2.7mm}{$\stackrel{\displaystyle
\mbox{\rm Tr}}{\scriptstyle{#1}}$}}}
\newcommand{{\bf Vir}}{{\bf Vir}}
\newcom... |
1,941,325,218,212 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We focus on the following problem: Given a weighted digraph $D=(V,E)$ with weight $w:E\to {\mathbb{R}}^+$, find a \emph{simple} path with high weight. The \emph{weight} of a path is the sum of the individual weights of the edges belonging to the path. A path is said to be \emph{simple} if it con... |
1,941,325,218,213 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We prove the long time convergence to the sum of a soliton and dispersive wave
for the Dirac equation coupled to a relativistic particle.
The convergence holds in global energy norm for finite energy solution
with initial state close to the solitary manifold.
Our main motivation is to develop th... |
1,941,325,218,214 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Secret sharing refers to procedures for distributing a secret among a group of participants, each of whom is allocated a share of the secret such that only certain qualified subsets of participants, known as authorized parties, can collaboratively reconstruct the secret. Secret sharing was first ... |
1,941,325,218,215 | arxiv | \section{Scientific Context}
\label{sec:scicont}
High-Energy Physics (HEP) explores the elementary particles, which are the fundamental constituents of matter, and their interactions. Elementary particles are the underlying structure at the inner kernel of matter and, at the same time, play an essential role in the ev... |
1,941,325,218,216 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The integrality of the coefficients of the mirror map is a central problem in the arithmetic of Calabi-Yau varieties and it has been
investigated in many recent articles \cite{liya, zu02, stsa-09, ksv, kr10}. The central tool in all these works has been the so
called Dwork method developed ... |
1,941,325,218,217 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS) revealed the presence of 16 new $\gamma$-ray sources in the very high energy (VHE; E $>$ 0.1 TeV) domain \citep{hgps}. Among them, HESS\,J1826$-$130 is located in a region that is exceptionally rich in VHE $\gamma$-ray sou... |
1,941,325,218,218 | arxiv | \section{Pro-Coherent $\c O_X$-Modules}
We briefly recall some results on the category of Pro-coherent $\c O_X$-modules.
\defi{NN}
{([SGAIII,1]).
By definition the category
${\rm Pro}(\rm {Coh}(\c O_X))\mathrel{:=} {\rm Ind}(\rm {Coh}(\c O_X)^{\circ})^\circ$.
Objects are filtering projective systems of coherent $\c O_... |
1,941,325,218,219 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It was confirmed two decades ago that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating, and the present Universe is dominated by the dark energy which still remains mysterious \cite{SupernovaSearchTeam:1998fmf,Bernal:2016gxb}. It would be of theoretical interests to figure out what is the influen... |
1,941,325,218,220 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading}
Many stochastic processes such as radioactive decay or the inter-arrival times of new bitcoin blocks are memoryless, i.e. the probability of an event to occur is constant in time. Fluid flows on the other hand are governed by deterministic equations, and the flow state a... |
1,941,325,218,221 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $\alpha$-cluster structures are well known to appear in atomic nuclei.
The cluster structures develop in nuclei when their energies are close to the cluster-decay thresholds.
This threshold rule is based on the fact that the interaction between $\alpha$ clusters is relatively weak, while prot... |
1,941,325,218,222 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sche.pdf
\caption{Schematic picture of our model for AT2018lqh. A rotating massive star collapses to a BH, and material near the star's surface circularizes around the BH and creates a prompt accretion disk. A fast wind is... |
1,941,325,218,223 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
Measurements of charmonia in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHICs) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have demonstrated the importance of charm-quark recombination processes
in the strongly interacting fireball formed in these reactions~\cite{Andronic:2015wma}. Whil... |
1,941,325,218,224 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The foundational problem in online learning of \emph{prediction with expert advice} (or simply \emph{experts' problem}) consists of a sequential game between a player and an adversary. In each turn, the player chooses (possibly randomly) one of \(n\) experts to follow. Concurrently, the adversar... |
1,941,325,218,225 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction and preliminaries}
In this note, a real algebraic curve $X$ is a smooth proper geometrically
integral scheme over $\mathbb{R}$ of dimension $1$.
A closed point $P$ of $X$
will be called a real point if the residue field at $P$ is $\mathbb{R}$, and
a non-real point if the residue field at $P$ ... |
1,941,325,218,226 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
If $G$ and $H$ are finite graphs, their \emph{tensor product} $G\times H$ is the graph on $V(G)\times V(H)$ where vertices $(g_1, h_1)$ and $(g_2, h_2)$ are adjacent if and only if $g_1\sim g_2$ and $h_1 \sim h_2$; here and throughout, we use the notation $\sim$ to denote adjacency. By composing ... |
1,941,325,218,227 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Some relativistic effects have been considered in classic and quantum plasmas \cite{Asenjo PRE 12}-\cite{Haas PRE 12}. In many cases one-particle Schrodinger, Pauli, Klein-Gordon, and Dirac equations have been used to derive set of quantum hydrodynamic equations \cite{Haas PRE 12}, \cite{Takab... |
1,941,325,218,228 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Tracing studies have been the conventional mechanism for studying white matter tracts in the primate brains. There have been many studies over the past century, and neuroinformatics databases such as Collation of Connectivity data on the Macaque (CoCoMac)~\cite{cocomac} have made a valiant effor... |
1,941,325,218,229 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Action localization aims to find spatial and temporal extents as well as classes of actions in the video, answering questions such as \textit{what} are the performed actions? \textit{when} do they happen? and \textit{where} do they take place?
This is a challenging task with many ... |
1,941,325,218,230 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The desire to convert energy from the disordered form of heat into the useful form of work was one of the principal driving forces in developing the theory of thermodynamics \cite{weinberger:2013}. Recent experimental advancements in control over nano-scale systems motivated the investigation of... |
1,941,325,218,231 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
This paper is devoted to the estimation of the
cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies
from the maps of a given experiment. The goodness of a certain experiment
can be tested by using numerically simulated maps
similar to those of the chosen experiment.
Simulations require a theoretical... |
1,941,325,218,232 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Over the past several years, a bright and statistically significant excess of gamma-rays has been reported from the region surrounding the Galactic Center~\cite{Goodenough:2009gk,Hooper:2010mq,Hooper:2011ti,Abazajian:2012pn,Gordon:2013vta,Hooper:2013rwa,Abazajian:2014fta,Daylan:2014rsa,Calore:20... |
1,941,325,218,233 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Matrix models have been considered as constructive definition
of quantum gravity.
Relatively simple one- and two-hermitian matrix models
have been solved exactly and provide nonperturbative
formulation of two-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity coupled to
$c<1$ confor... |
1,941,325,218,234 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
The last few years have shown remarkable progress in the understanding
of pure dark matter structures. This has been provided initially by
numerical simulations which have observed general trends in the
behaviour of the radial density profile of equilibrated dark matter
structur... |
1,941,325,218,235 | arxiv |
\subsection{\pfref{lem:Jeps}}
\begin{proof}
Since the occupancy measure space is convex, one can find a policy $\pi'$ such that $\mu_{\pi'} = (1-\gamma)\mu_{\pi^\star} + \gamma\mu_{\pi^0}$ with $\gamma = \frac{\epsilon}{\tau-c^0}$.
Now by $J^{\pi,d}=\inner{\mu_{\pi}}{d}$:
\begin{align*}
J^{\pi', c} &= (1-\gamma)J... |
1,941,325,218,236 | arxiv | \section*{References}%
\begin{quotation}\mbox{}\par}
\def\refer#1\par{{\setlength{\parindent}{-\leftmargin}\indent#1\par}}
\def\end{quotation}{\end{quotation}}
{\noindent\small{\bf Abstract:}
The observational data guiding the theoretical chemical evolutionary
models of AGB stars come mainly from the analysis of in... |
1,941,325,218,237 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The top quark is the heaviest fundamental particle discovered so far with mass $m_t=173.2\pm 0.9$
GeV \cite{top:mass}. Mainly for this reason, it is considered to be one of the most likely places
where new physics might be discovered. While enough information about the top quark is already
avail... |
1,941,325,218,238 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the analysis of lattice data, the L\"uscher formalism is used
both to evaluate the finite-volume corrections to the stable particle
masses~\cite{Luescher-1}, as well as to extract the two-body scattering
lengths and scattering phase shifts
from the finite-volume energy spectra of the tw... |
1,941,325,218,239 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The mysteries of LLL}
The LLL algorithm (\cite{LLL82}) is one of the most celebrated algorithmic inventions of the twentieth century, with countless applications to pure and computational number theory, computational science, and cryptography. It is also the most fundamental of latt... |
1,941,325,218,240 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The Stein--Chen method (Chen, 1975) enables the distribution of a sum~$W$ of indicator
random variables to be approximated by a Poisson distribution in a wide variety of
circumstances. In addition, it provides an estimate of the accuracy of the
appr... |
1,941,325,218,241 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
The latest observational data give compelling evidence about the
presence of an unknown dark component with negative pressure in the
universe \citep{supernova,plank13,Sanchez:2012sg}. The contribution of
this unknown component, commonly termed as {\it dark energy}
\citep{2000IJMPD...9..373S,2003Rv... |
1,941,325,218,242 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electrochemistry is an old and wide field with an extraordinary number of applications. The introduction of electrochemical methods in the fabrication and study of nanostructures has attracted a lot of interest during the last years. A successful example of the application of electrochemistry to... |
1,941,325,218,243 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols \cite{gisin} allow two
distant parties, traditionally called Alice and Bob, to produce a
shared random bit string consisting of 0's and 1's known only to them,
which can be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages. Based on
fundamental ... |
1,941,325,218,244 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In conventional cellular systems signal transmission and reception are done independently on a per-cell basis. This results in considerable inter-cell interference which ultimately limits the capacity.
However, by interconnecting the BSs and coordinate their actions the inter-cell interference ca... |
1,941,325,218,245 | arxiv | \section{SOM - what is it?}
The Self-Organizing Map is described by its author Teuvo Kohonen
(\cite{Kohonen}) as a map reflecting topological ordering. It is a
list of weight vectors organised as a 2D grid of map nodes
(neurones). Each datum is mapped onto a node associated with the
nearest weight vector, e.g. the one ... |
1,941,325,218,246 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the study of the fractional quantum Hall effect, the gapless state at filling fraction $\nu=\frac12$ has enjoyed a special status.
This state can be described in terms of composite fermions\cite{Jain_CF} (CFs) that are moving in a vanishing effective magnetic field, which form a Fermi liquid ... |
1,941,325,218,247 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of transport phenomena in an electric field has a long history. The seminal work of Kubo \cite{Kubo1956,Kubo1957} in the 1950s opened up a path towards laying bare the quantum mechanical intricacies of such phenomena. This is the second paper in our series on nonlinear quantum transpor... |
1,941,325,218,248 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
Spin transfer effect (ST) - the transfer of spin angular momentum from spin-polarized conduction electrons to magnetic systems~\cite{Slonczewski1996,Berger1996,Zhang2002,Ralph20081190} - is one of the most extensively studied effects in modern nanomagnetism, thanks to the unique fundamental in... |
1,941,325,218,249 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus
-.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus%
-1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\sc}}
\advance \voffset by -1.0in
\advance \hoffset by -0.6in
\textheight=9.5in
\textwidth=6.5in
\def\mbox{tr}{\... |
1,941,325,218,250 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
In mean-field theories, electromagnetic transition rates are often
evaluated using the rotational formula\cite{BM} to relate them to the multipole
moments of the mean-field wave functions.
The formula is justified by factorizing the wave function as
a product of a wave function for the orient... |
1,941,325,218,251 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Kalman filter~\cite{1960Kalman} is a versatile algorithm that has wide applications in various fields,
like~\cite{smith1983monitoring,harvey1990forecasting,siouris1997tracking,vauhkonen1998kalman,blackrnan1999design,jetto1999development,mankel2004pattern,wang2005real,hoppner2010novel} etc. In 19... |
1,941,325,218,252 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
In a pioneering paper Hutchinson \cite{Hutchinson:1948} states: ``\dots
that circular paths often exist which tend to be self-correcting
within certain limits, but which break down, producing violent
oscillations \dots'' An equation to model this situation, is
given in a footnote t... |
1,941,325,218,253 | arxiv | \chapter*{Introduction}%
\include{new_new_introduction}
\mainmatter
\chapter{Subspectral operators in Hilbert spaces}%
\include{new_chapter1}
\chapter{Laplace subspectrality}%
\include{new_chapter2}
\chapter{Necessary conditions for subspectrality}%
\include{new_chapter3}
\chapter{Subspectrality and Polya's eigenva... |
1,941,325,218,254 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Like a Galactic archaeological record, stellar spectra preserve chemical signatures of the interstellar medium (ISM) at the time of their birth. Predictions of Galactic Chemical Evolution (GCE) models depend on their descriptions of the gas accretion, star formation, metal outf... |
1,941,325,218,255 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro}
The gas-phase metallicity of a galaxy is the result of enrichment by stellar processes and the exchange of material with its environment \citep[e.g.][]{Lilly_2013_bathtub}. The assembled stellar mass of a galaxy is known to be strongly positively correlated with its metallicit... |
1,941,325,218,256 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The near-Earth electromagnetic environment belong to the class of far-from-equilibrium complex systems. Indeed, since early 90s it was realized that the Earth's magnetosphere response to solar wind changes at short timescales displays chaotic and nonlinear features \cite... |
1,941,325,218,257 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many spectral properties of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are often explained by appealing
to models involving high velocity clouds that can coexist with more highly ionized surrounding gas
(for an overview see Krolik 1999 and Netzer 2013). However, the AGN environment is very hostile
to such ... |
1,941,325,218,258 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Do the physics of neutrino mass and dark matter share the same origin ?
The experimental evidence for neutrino mass~\cite{SK,SNO,KamLAND,MINOS} has provided
a compelling reason to extend the minimal version of the Standard Model~(SM).
Among possible ways to accommodate the neu... |
1,941,325,218,259 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
We are concerned on the possibility of finite time singularity in
the Cauchy problem of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations in
$\Bbb R^n$, $n=2,3$.
\[
\mathrm{ (MHD)}
\left\{ \aligned
&\frac{\partial v}{\partial t} +(v\cdot \nabla )v =(b\cdot\nabla)b-\nabla (p +\frac12 |b|^2), \\
&\fra... |
1,941,325,218,260 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Chamaeleon~ molecular cloud complex is one of the nearest sites of star formation and dominates the dust extinction maps of the region \citep{luhman08}. The complex and its surroundings are abundant with pre-main-sequence stars of various ages. The large population of young stellar objects (... |
1,941,325,218,261 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:section-1}Introduction}
Generation of ultrashort pulses is the field of active research due to emerging opportunities for real-time control of ultrafast processes \cite{Ramasesha, Peng, Kling, Pfeifer}. Since the optical pulses with few-cycle or even subcycle duration became available, the number... |
1,941,325,218,262 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Much of differential geometry, as we know it today, has its origins in
the theory of surfaces. Initially, this theory had been local,
example oriented, and focused on special surface classes in $\mathbb{R}^3$.
This changed in the middle of the twentieth century when globa... |
1,941,325,218,263 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\red{
}
Networks or graphs have emerged as useful models to represent complex interconnected systems and data defined on them~\cite{jackson2010}.
These representations have wide applicability across multiple domains, including neuroscience~\cite{Medaglia2017brain}, sociology~\ci... |
1,941,325,218,264 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\onlystats{
\renewcommand{\mysubsection}[1]{\subsection{#1}}
\usepackage{shadbox}
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\newcommand{\showguide}[1]{{\em #1}}
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\newcommand{\kappa}{\kappa}
\newcommand{\tau}{\tau}
\renewcommand{\showguide}[1]{}
\renewcommand{\shortrefs}[1]{}
\rene... |
1,941,325,218,265 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:intro}
It has been well established
that neutrinos have nonzero masses
as shown in the neutrino oscillation measurement
~\cite{Ref:solar-v, Ref:atom-v, Ref:acc-v, Ref:acc-app-v,
Ref:short-reac-v, Ref:long-reac-v}
although they are massless particles
in the standard model~(SM)... |
1,941,325,218,266 | arxiv | \subsection*{#1}
}
{
\endMakeFramed
\end{minipage}
\vspace{1em}
}
\newcommand{\url{https://github.com/phbasler/BSMPT}}{\url{https://github.com/phbasler/BSMPT}}
\newcommand{\url{https://phbasler.github.io/BSMPT}}{\url{https://phbasler.github.io/BSMPT}}
\newcommand{\text{BSMPT }}{\text{BSMPT }}
\newcommand{PathToYourLib... |
1,941,325,218,267 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The half-filled Hubbard model on the simple square lattice exhibits strong
antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations at low temperature,
which lead to the opening of a spectral gap for arbitrarily small
interaction~\cite{Vilk96,Vilk97,Schaefer15,Schaefer16,vanLoon18-2,Schaefer20}.
This can be seen as a... |
1,941,325,218,268 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been demonstrated to effectively learn a wide range of reward-driven skills, including playing games~\citep{mnih2013playing,silver2016mastering}, controlling robots~\citep{gu2017deep,schulman2015high}, and navigating complex environme... |
1,941,325,218,269 | arxiv | \section*{NOMENCLATURE}
\list{}{\leftmargin #1}%
}%
{\endlist\par\addvspace{12pt}}
\usepackage{nomencl}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\renewcommand{\nomgroup}[1]{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{R}}{\item[\textbf{Roman Symbols}]}{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{G}}{\item[\textbf{Greek Symbols}]}{%
\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{S}}{\item[\tex... |
1,941,325,218,270 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The black-hole information problem requires no introduction. Decades ago,
Bekenstein~\cite{bek} and Hawking~\cite{hawk} discovered that four-dimensional black holes have
thermodynamical properties such as temperature and non-zero entropy
corresponding to a mixed quantum-mechanical
state. Hawking... |
1,941,325,218,271 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stellar evolutionary tracks and isochrones calculate physical radius,
luminosity, and effective temperature. In order to compare with
observable quantities, almost always magnitudes and colors, a
transformation is essential. The need for such transformations is also
felt when integrated light mo... |
1,941,325,218,272 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the current paradigm of galaxy formation, galaxies form in dark matter halos that grow over time by accreting surrounding material due to gravitational instability \citep{WhiteRees78}. Some of this accretion is smooth, while some is in the form of clumps that have themselves already turned in... |
1,941,325,218,273 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
In addition to direct searches for new physics (NP) at the energy frontier, the CERN LHC has
been testing the standard model (SM) of particle physics through studies of flavor physics.
While up to date there is still no strong evidence of nonstandard particles or interactions
p... |
1,941,325,218,274 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The stereoscopic system of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes
(IACT-system) of the HEGRA collaboration \cite{DAU97}
is a powerful tool for detecting TeV $\gamma$-ray sources and for
performing detailed spectroscopic studies in the energy range from
500~G... |
1,941,325,218,275 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Define a spiral in ${\mathbb{R}}^{d+1}$ as a set of points of the form
\begin{equation}\label{defspiral}
\mathfrak{S}_d\left(\bm{U}\right)\;=\; \left\{\sqrt[d+1]{n}\cdot\bm{u}_n\right\}_{n\ge 1},
\end{equation}
where $\bm{U}=\left(\bm{u}_n\right)_{n\ge 1}$ is a sequence... |
1,941,325,218,276 | arxiv | \section{
Introduction
}
\subsection{
Context
}
The study of modal and temporal logic and the study of
substructural logic went for many years along the following lines:
on the one hand we had syntactic proof theoretic systems, mainly Gentzen
or Hilbert systems and on the other hand we had semantical
interpretations,... |
1,941,325,218,277 | arxiv | \section{Experimental results} \label{results}
\input{kernel-performances.tex}
\input{experiment-neuron.tex}
\input{experimental-benchmark.tex}
\section{Discussion}
Taking global temporal constraints into account, it has been possible to better understand,
at the simulation levels to which extends spiking mechanisms... |
1,941,325,218,278 | arxiv | \section{Background}
In finite dimensions, an {\it operator system} is a linear subspace
$\mathcal{V}$ of $M_n(\mathbb{C})$ with the properties
\begin{itemize}
\item $I_n \in \mathcal{V}$
\item $A \in \mathcal{V} \Rightarrow A^* \in \mathcal{V}$
\end{itemize}
where $I_n$ is the $n\times n$ identity matrix and $A^*$ i... |
1,941,325,218,279 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section1}
The intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) in clusters and filaments of galaxies has attracted much attention. A number of mechanisms which produce primordial magnetic fields in early universe have been proposed, such as inflation \citep{tw88,de09}, phase transition \citep{ho83}, d... |
1,941,325,218,280 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
The author acknowledges F.I. Cooperstock, C.J. Pritchet and R. De Propris for
stimulating discussions, and a referee for suggestions leading to improvements
in the manuscript. This work was supported by the NATO Advanced
Fellowships Programme through the National Research Council of Italy (C... |
1,941,325,218,281 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In this appendix we present the explicit expressions for the
amplitudes depicted in Table \ref{results}. Note, in accordance with
the definition used for dispersive corrections as well as the power
counting, we only keep those amplitudes that contain two--nucleon
... |
1,941,325,218,282 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Individuals with upper-limb impairments typically experience difficulty performing motor tasks, such as activities of daily living (ADLs). These populations could benefit from a soft wearable collaborative robotic device, such as the fabric-based, Soft-Poly Limb (fSPL) presented in this work.
\... |
1,941,325,218,283 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
As a framework for analysis of narrative in many areas of application,
film scripts have a great deal to offer. We present quite a number of
innovations in this work: quantifying and automating a range of
qualitative ways of addressing pattern recognition in narrative; use
of m... |
1,941,325,218,284 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $D = (V,A)$ be a digraph (for all undefined
graph-theoretical terms, see \cite{bo}). The
\emph{competition graph} $C(D)$ of $D$ has the same vertex set as
$D$ and has an edge $xy$ if for some vertex $v \in V$, the arcs
$(x,v)$ and $(y,v)$ are in $D$. The notion of competition graph is
due to... |
1,941,325,218,285 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept that astrophyscal shock waves are efficient accelerators of cosmic rays have widely been accepted for a long time \citep*{bla87, mal01}. Due to the supernova energetics and rates, it seems reasonable that most of Galactic cosmic rays up to 10$^{15}$ eV originate from supernova remnant... |
1,941,325,218,286 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The electron-phonon interaction (EPI) is a fundamental aspect of condensed matter physics. It determines the electrical conductivity in metals and the mobility in doped semiconductors. It drives the temperature dependence of the electronic bands, and thus of the bandgap in semiconductors, and it... |
1,941,325,218,287 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Quark and gluon contributions to the nucleon spin are described by
polarized parton distribution functions (polarized PDFs)
and their first moments. It became clear that only a small fraction
of nucleon spin is carried by quarks and antiquarks. Therefore,
a large gluon polarization... |
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