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1,941,325,220,088
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exoplanet demographics provide one of the ultimate arbiters of theories of exoplanet formation and evolution. Nielsen et al. (2019) used the GPI exoplanet survey to search for planets with masses between 2 and 13 $M_{Jup}$ and semimajor axes between 3 and 100 au, finding that the peak occurrenc...
1,941,325,220,089
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The natural representation for many sources of unstructured data is intuitive to us as humans: for images, a 2D pixel representation; for speech, a spectrogram or linear filter-bank features; and for text, letters and characters. All of these possess fixed, rigid structure in space, time, or seq...
1,941,325,220,090
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Dirac semi-metals, whose low energy physics can be described by three dimensional (3D) pseudorelativistic Dirac equation with the linear dispersion around the Fermi level \cite{Burkov2011}, have attracted lots of attention in recent days, owing to their exotic physical properties \cite{WangZJ...
1,941,325,220,091
arxiv
\section{Motivation} F-theory \cite{Vafa:1996xn, Morrison:1996na, Morrison:1996pp} provides a beautiful connection between the physics of string compactifications and the geometry of elliptically fibred Calabi--Yau manifolds. One of the most basic relationships is the emergence of non-abelian gauge symmetries in F-the...
1,941,325,220,092
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, there has been a considerable amount of interest in supersymmetric (SUSY) models involving odd (anticommuting) Grassmann variables and superalgebras. Supersymmetry was introduced in the theory of elementary particles and their interactions and forms an essential component of att...
1,941,325,220,093
arxiv
\section*{The problem: a Cambrian explosion} Until relatively recently, statisticians had a monopoly on data analysis. They were, and are, highly trained to appreciate the intricate relationships and biases in data and to use relatively \emph{simple} methods (in the best sense of the word) to analyze the data and fit m...
1,941,325,220,094
arxiv
\section{Model configuration} \label{app:architecture} \subsection{Architecture} We picked the hyperparameters and chose the model architecture for all 3 models by only considering their performance (NMI) on the Computer Science\xspace dataset. No additional tuning for other datasets has been done. \textbf{GNN-based m...
1,941,325,220,095
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Actuator systems are embedded in our daily lives to such an extent that it is hard to find an example of an electronic system that does not have actuators in some form. Anything from household devices like smart locks or robotic vacuum cleaners, to transportation to prod...
1,941,325,220,096
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Public authorities currently play a significant role in encouraging sustainable development policies, giving impetus to sustainable urban mobility practices that aim to reduce the use of private cars and increase the use of sustainable transport modes, such as public transport. In urban and peri-...
1,941,325,220,097
arxiv
\section{Local Abstractions} \comment{\outline{ -- why needed? Dining phils -- collapse to generic process -- generalization to parametric case -- }} The symmetry reductions described in the previous section are applicable to several networks which have only a small amount of global symmetry. Still, protocols have o...
1,941,325,220,098
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider minimizers of functionals of the form \begin{equation}\label{Functional} \int_{B_1} F(D{\bf u})\,dx \end{equation} where ${\bf u} \in H^1(B_1)$ is a map from $\mathbb{R}^n$ to $\mathbb{R}^m$ and $F$ is a smooth, uniformly convex function on $M^{m \times n}$ with bounded...
1,941,325,220,099
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The two dimensional Helmholtz equation appears in a wide range of physical and engineering problems across diverse fields $-$ like the study of vibration, acoustic and electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation and quantum mechanics. In a large class of these problems one is required to determine the ...
1,941,325,220,100
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nash Equilibrium problems arise in a broad variety of applications, such as wireless networks \cite{Charilas2010}, construction engineering and management \cite{Kapliski2010} and Smart Grids \cite{Saad2012}. In the latter, for optimal energy provision, Smart Grids are often represented as hierar...
1,941,325,220,101
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Distributed optimization~\cite{bertsekas1989parallel} aims to optimize a global objective formed by a sum of functions: \begin{align} \label{eq:goal} f(x) = \tfrac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m} f_i(x) \qquad f,f_i : \mathbb{R}^d \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, \end{align} where $m$ is the number ...
1,941,325,220,102
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \nt A connected graph $G = (V, E)$ is said to be {\it local antimagic} if it admits a {\it local antimagic edge labeling}, i.e., a bijection $f : E \to \{1,\dots ,|E|\}$ such that the induced vertex labeling $f^+ : V \to \Z$ given by $f^+(u) = \sum f(e)$ (with $e$ ranging over all the edges in...
1,941,325,220,103
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological properties of fermion band theory have dominated research in condensed matter physics and other areas over the past decade or so \cite{has1, has2, cas,wang1, aab1, Xu}. Recently, it has been shown that the magnon bulk bands of Heisenberg (anti)ferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice ...
1,941,325,220,104
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-Intro} Associated with any Lie algebra $\gg$, there is a canonical extension \begin{eqnarray}\label{adExt} \xymatrix{ 0 \ar[r] & \mathfrak{z}(\gg) \ar@{^{(}->}[r] & \gg \ar[r]^{\ad\quad} & \ad(\gg) \ar[r] & 0 } \end{eqnarray} of the linear Lie subalgebra $\ad(\gg)\leq\ggl(\gg)$ by the ...
1,941,325,220,105
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S:intro} Systems of interacting particles arise in a myriad of applications ranging from opinion dynamics ~\cite{hegselmann2002opinion}, granular materials ~\cite{BCCP98,carrillo2003kinetic,BGG2013} and mathematical biology ~\cite{keller1971model,BCM} to statistical mechanics ~\cite{martzel...
1,941,325,220,106
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dualities have vastly contributed towards a better understanding of string theory and beyond. A particular example is mirror symmetry \cite{Lerche:1989uy,Candelas:1989hd,Greene:1990ud,morrison-1993-6,Batyrev:1994hm,Batyrev:1994ju,Batyrev:1997tv,cox1999mirror,mirrorbook} which identifies two Typ...
1,941,325,220,107
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ability of modern deep learning techniques to process high-dimensional sensory inputs (e.g., vision or depth) provides a promising avenue for training autonomous robotic systems such as drones, robotic manipulators, or autonomous vehicles to operate in complex and real-world environments. ...
1,941,325,220,108
arxiv
\subsection*{References}
1,941,325,220,109
arxiv
\section{Lower Bound for Anonymous One-Shot Agreement} \label{m-conc-lower-sec} \indent We now turn to anonymous algorithms, where processes are not equipped with identifiers and are programmed identically. We also assume that the domain of possible input values is \nat. In this section, we show that any $n$-process a...
1,941,325,220,110
arxiv
\section*{Informational Fourth Page} \end{document}
1,941,325,220,111
arxiv
\section{Introduction} From genes and proteins that govern our cellular function, to our everyday use of the Internet, Nature and our lives are surrounded by interconnected systems \cite{barabasi2016network}. Network science aims to study these complex networks, and provides a powerful framework to understand their st...
1,941,325,220,112
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Density matrices traced out in real space are becoming a fundamental tool in characterizing different states of matter in condensed matter systems~\cite{op-2,Amico:rmp08,Vidal:prl03,Pollmann:prb10,Qi:prl12,Kitaev:prl06,Flammia:prl09}. While the interest in spatial reduced density matrices (R...
1,941,325,220,113
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The modern perspective on Effective Field Theories (EFTs) takes them to be well-defined quantum field theories in their own right, with all the attendant structure that implies. In particular, one can define an EFT at the quantum level using a path integral. However, the standar...
1,941,325,220,114
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The identification of dark matter (DM) is a forefront problem in physics, as DM makes up most of the mass in the universe but its particle properties are unknown~\cite{Jun95, WMAP03, Ber04, Clo06, Fen10, Pet12}. As DM is only known to interact gravitationally, we have measured ...
1,941,325,220,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The efficient modeling of the long length- and time-scale dynamics of complex liquids such as colloidal and polymeric suspensions requires a simplified, coarse-grained description of the solvent degrees of freedom. A recently introduced particle-based simulation technique \cite{male_99}---of...
1,941,325,220,116
arxiv
\section*{Highlights} \begin{itemize} \item Si contamination during high-temperature thin-film chalcogenide synthesis is studied. \item A thin TiN layer was used as a diffusion barrier and recombination layer \item No evidence of electrically active defects in Si after CZTS processing \item First proof ...
1,941,325,220,117
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A safety critical system in, for example, nuclear power plants involves complicated and advance safety system for ensuring its running process absolutely safe. The system consists of high number and various types of sensors \cite{jamilAffandi,SciTopics}. All of them gener...
1,941,325,220,118
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Hannes Alfv\'en introduced the notion of magnetic flux conservation in ideal magnetohydrodynamics \cite{Alfven42}. This property of ``flux-freezing'' involves an implicit assumption, however, that plasma fluid velocities remain smooth in the limit of vanishing resistivity. This ass...
1,941,325,220,119
arxiv
\section*{SM1. Eigenstates and eigenvalues of $\tilde H_\text{int}$ for different combinations of interaction terms} Table \ref{tab:eigen} lists all the eigenvectors and eigenvalues for the local Hamiltonians with different interaction terms discussed in the main text. We use 4 bits with values 0, 1 to represent the F...
1,941,325,220,120
arxiv
\section{Keywords:} photonic, reservoir computing, passive, coherent, distributed nonlinearity, Kerr, fiber-ring } \end{abstract} \section{Introduction} In this work, we discuss an efficient, i.e. high speed and low power, analogue photonic computing system based on the concept of reservoir computing (RC) \cite{maass...
1,941,325,220,121
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Even though superconductivity was discovered experimentally in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes \cite{Onnes}, a sufficiently predictive microscopic theory was not available until the work of Bardeen, Cooper and Schriefer, published in 1957 \cite{BCSoriginal} (known today as BCS theory). One of the funda...
1,941,325,220,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Dimensionality reduction (DR) plays a crucial role in handling high-dimensional data. The supervised distance preserving projection (SDPP) is proposed by Zhu et al. \cite{Ref_Zhu2013Supervised} for data dimension reduction (DR), which minimizes the difference of local structure bet...
1,941,325,220,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The optomechanical experiment proposed by {\it Marshall et al.} \cite{Penrose} presents one of the first systems where one attempts to produce and detect coherent quantum superpositions of spatially separated macroscopic states, and to test various decoherence and wave function collapse model...
1,941,325,220,124
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} A probability density $f$ on the real line is called log-concave if it may be written as $$ f(x) \ = \ \exp \phi(x) $$ for some concave function $\phi : \mathbb{R} \to [-\infty,\infty)$. The class of all log-concave densities provides an interesting nonparametric model cons...
1,941,325,220,125
arxiv
\section{Resonances} We study an example of mass parameter $\mu =0.0041$ and eccentricity $e' = 0.02$ of the primary in the framework of the ERTBP. Following P\'{a}ez \& Efthymiopoulos 2014 (hereafter, P\&E14), we describe Trojan orbits in terms of modified Delaunay variables given by \begin{displaymath} x = \sqrt{...
1,941,325,220,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} There is a wealth of empirical information regarding photon fusion reactions to two mesons both at threshold and above~\cite{TPC,MARK,DESY,KEK,DORIS,SAN,KKpm1,TASSO,CELLO,pieta}. At low energy these reactions provide stringent constrainsts on our understanding of broken chiral sy...
1,941,325,220,127
arxiv
\section{Copyright} All papers submitted for publication by AAAI Press must be accompanied by a valid signed copyright form or, in the case of technical reports, by a valid signed permission to distribute form. There are no exceptions to this requirement. You must send us the original version of this form. However, to ...
1,941,325,220,128
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The application of machine learning and deep learning brought a significant impact in healthcare industry, improving diagnosis outcomes and changing the way of providing care to patients~\cite{cheng2016risk}. The main challenge that machine learning is asked to solve is to discover relevant st...
1,941,325,220,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) with $\rm L_{IR} [8 \hbox{--} 1000\mu m] > 10^{11.5} \; L_\odot$, including ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs: $\rm L_{IR} > 10^{12}\; L_\odot$) are mostly advanced mergers \citep{Sanders1988b, Sanders1996, Scoville2000, Veilleux2002}. They harbor extre...
1,941,325,220,130
arxiv
\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@{INTRODUCTION} Two Galactic X-ray sources known to produce relativistic radio jets are GRS 1915+105 \cite{Mir94} and GRO J1655-40 \cite{Tin95,Hje95}. Optical observations of GRO J1655-40 have provided dynamical evidence for a 7 $M_{\odot}$ black hole \cite{Oro97} in a 2.6 day binary orbit...
1,941,325,220,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we investigate quantities of the form \begin{equation} \label{q-versie} % h^{\pm}(q_1,q_2):=\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac{\q{k}}{1\pm \Q{k}},\qquad 0<q_1,q_2<1,\quad q_1\in\mathbb{Q},\quad q_2=1/p_2,\quad p_2\in\mathbb{N}\setminus\{1\}. \end{equation} Since we will assume $q_1 ,q_2$ to be...
1,941,325,220,132
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The core problem when studying dynamical systems is to understand how they evolve as time progresses. For example, we want to understand the equilibrium of a stochastic process. The \emph{Markov semigroup theory} mathematically describes the time evolution of dynamica...
1,941,325,220,133
arxiv
\section{\label{sect.1}Introduction} The $5d$ transition-metal compounds have recently attracted much interest, since the interplay between the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) and the electron correlation strongly influences their electronic structures in such systems. A typical example is Sr$_2$IrO$_4$, which con...
1,941,325,220,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction and results} According to Heisenberg and Dirac, Quantum Mechanics is obtained from Classical Mechanics by replacing classical Poisson brackets, multiplied by the Planck constant, by commutators. Two circles of problems arise from such an \lq\lq ansatz\rq\rq : one concerning the precise content...
1,941,325,220,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since years Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique for analyzing the physical properties of materials down to nanoscale. More recently AFM has made its entry in the biological world, where the fragile nature of samples has prompted new challenges and has led to considerable optimiz...
1,941,325,220,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S introduction} \subsection{Lagrange optimal control problem: classical setting} \label{SS classical setting} Consider a Lagrange optimal control problem with control-affine dynamics: \begin{align} J(x,u) = & \int_0^1 L(x(t), u (t)) \, dt \rightarrow \min, \label{lag} \\ \notag \dot x (...
1,941,325,220,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The aim of this article is to study the complexity of approximating rational points of a projective variety defined over a function field of characteristic zero. Our motivation is work of McKinnon-Roth \cite{McKinnon-Roth} and our main results, which we state in \S \ref{main:results...
1,941,325,220,138
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction} One of the classic questions about stochastic processes is whether they can hit a given set. That is, for a process $X_t$ taking values in a space $S$, and for $A\subset S$, do we have \begin{equation*} \mathbf{P}(X_t\in A\text{ for some $t$})>0. \end{equation*} F...
1,941,325,220,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} For this interim review we summarize the state of the art of Fiber Fabry-Perot Cavities (FFPCs), i.e. Fabry-Perot resonators integrated on optical fibers. We discuss their basic properties and applications (with focus on gaseous media) and we conclude with an outlook into fu...
1,941,325,220,140
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} There are many modern money exchange systems such as paper checks, credit/debit cards, automated clearing house (ACH) payments, bank transfers, or digital cash which are owned and regulated by financial institutions. Nevertheless, in the evolving world of trade, the move...
1,941,325,220,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At the early stage of a non-central heavy-ion collision, a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the reaction plane is created. In asymmetric Cu+Au collisions, due to the difference in the number of spectators, not only the magnetic field but also a strong electric field would exist pointing alo...
1,941,325,220,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of this work is to investigate the so-called electrostatics analogy in the analysis of nematic suspensions or colloids: these consist of small particles immersed in a nematic liquid crystal matrix. The presence of these particles and their alignment induces elastic strains in nemati...
1,941,325,220,143
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} In modern industrial applications, data acquisition systems allow to collect massive amounts of data with high frequency. Several examples may be found in the current Industry 4.0 framework, which is reshaping the variety of signals and measurements that can be gathered durin...
1,941,325,220,144
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\zeta(s)$ denote the Riemann zeta-function. Understanding the distribution of the zeros of $\zeta(s)$ is an important problem in number theory. In this paper, assuming the Riemann hypothesis (RH), we study the pair correlation function \begin{equation*}\label{N alpha} N(T,\beta) \, := \!\!...
1,941,325,220,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cyclotron frequency measurements of single particles and sparse clouds in Penning traps are commonly used in high precision ion mass measurements~\cite{Marshall1998,Bergstrom2002,Dilling2006} and in measurements of the proton~\cite{DiSciacca2012} and electron~\cite{Odom2006} magnetic moments. I...
1,941,325,220,146
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec1:Introduction}} Triangular numbers $T_{t}=\frac{t\left(t+1\right)}{2}$ are one of the figurate numbers enjoying many properties; see, e.g., \cite{key-1,key-2} for relations and formulas. Triangular numbers $T_{\xi}$ that are multiples of other triangular number $T_{t}$ \begin{equ...
1,941,325,220,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Sign language is usually the principal communication method among hearing-impaired people. Sign language recognition (SLR) aims to transcribe sign languages into glosses (basic lexical units in a sign language), which is an important technology to bridge the communication gap ...
1,941,325,220,148
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Compressive sensing (CS) has attracted plenty of recent attention in the field of signal and image processing. One of the key mathematical issues addressed in CS is how a sparse signal can be reconstructed by a decoding algorithm. An extreme case of CS can be cast as the problem o...
1,941,325,220,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The antiferromagnetic (AFM) Heisenberg model (AHM) has been extensively investigated in the recent decades as a prototype for strongly correlated electronic behavior \cite{Auerbach98,Fazekas99}. Special attention has been reserved for lattices and clusters with frustrated...
1,941,325,220,150
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Early observations of the disk-halo interface hinted at the presence of a handful of HI clouds connected to the Galactic disk \citep{1964Prata, 1971Simonson, 1984Lockman}. With higher resolution data it became evident that there is a population of discrete HI clouds within this transition z...
1,941,325,220,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion of homomorphism-homogeneity was introduced by Cameron and Ne\v set\v ril\xspace in \cite{CameronNesetril:2006} as a generalization of ultrahomogeneity. A relational structure $M$ is homomorphism-homogeneous if every homomorphism between finite induced substructures is restriction of an...
1,941,325,220,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The cold dark matter (CDM) model of structure formation has proven a very successful paradigm for understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe. However, as far as galaxy formation is concerned, a number of important issues still remain. A long-standing problem is that ...
1,941,325,220,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interest towards Analysis and Geometry in Metric Spaces grew drastically in the last decades: a major effort has been devoted to the development of analytical tools for the study of geometric problems, and sub-Riemannian Geometry provided a particularly fruitful setting for these investigati...
1,941,325,220,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last decade dozens of new charmonium states have been observed \cite{pdg,hosaka,esposito,nnl}. Among these new states, the most studied one is the $X(3872)$. It was first observed in 2003 by the Belle Collaboration \cite{Choi:2003ue,Adachi:2008te}, and has been confirmed by...
1,941,325,220,155
arxiv
\section{Introduction}% \textsc{Need for fast RT}. The turbulent, multi-phase structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) is shaped by the complex and non-linear interplay between gravity, magnetic fields, heating and cooling, and the radiation and momentum input from stars, in particular massive stars \citep[see e.g.]...
1,941,325,220,156
arxiv
\section{#1}} \def\firstsubsec#1{\obsolete\firstsubsec \subsection{#1}} \def\thispage#1{\obsolete\thispage \global\pagenumber=#1\frontpagefalse} \def\thischapter#1{\obsolete\thischapter \global\chapternumber=#1} \def\nextequation#1{\obsolete\nextequation \global\equanumber=#1 \ifnum\the\equanumber>0 \global\advance\...
1,941,325,220,157
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In the last few years, approximately 40 new Galactic sources of very-high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$-ray emission (100\,GeV$-$100\,TeV) have been discovered using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS\footnote{See http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hfm/HESS/public/HESS\_catalog.htm for a catalog of HESS-de...
1,941,325,220,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of instanton solutions to the Yang-Mills field equations in the four-dimensional Euclidean space has led to an intensive study of such theory and the search for multidimensional generalizations of the self-duality equations. In Refs.~\cite{corr83,ward84}, such equations were foun...
1,941,325,220,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section1} \vspace{-1em} ~~Recently, the distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems has aroused extensive attentions in multiple fields, including wireless communication, robotics and distributed computation as shown in \cite{c1}-\cite{c8}. As an important research topic on th...
1,941,325,220,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{int} A nagging question in contemporary modern physics is about the nature of dark matter (DM) and its feasible non-gravitational interaction with the standard model (SM) particles. This problem is in fact deemed straddling both particle physics and cosmology. On the cosmology side, pre...
1,941,325,220,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many datasets in fields like ecology, epidemiology, remote sensing, sensor networks and demography appear naturally aggregated, that is, variables in these datasets are measured or collected in intervals, areas or supports of different shapes and sizes. For example, census data are usually samp...
1,941,325,220,162
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The process of isospectrally reducing a matrix was first considered in \cite{Bunimovich:2012:IGT}, where it was shown that a weighted digraph could be reduced while maintaining the eigenvalues of the graph's weighted adjacency matrix, up to a known set. The motivation in this setting was to allo...
1,941,325,220,163
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The increasing adoption of electronic technologies is widely recognized as a critical strategy for making health care more cost-effective. Smartphone-based m-health applications have the potential to change many of the modern-day techniques of how healthcare services are delivered by enabling re...
1,941,325,220,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Suppose that you move to a new city and are interested in exploring the local music scene. Typically, you might pick up the arts section of the local newspaper or go online to find a community notice board. Either way you would likely come to a long listing of music event...
1,941,325,220,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent work has shown that spatial structures with density fluctuations weaker at long wavelengths than those of a typical random point set may have desirable physical properties, and such structures are said to be {\em hyperuniform}~\cite{To03a}. Crystals and quasicrystals are hyperuniform, as a...
1,941,325,220,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The noble gas radioisotope \Ar{39} with a half-life of \SI{268\pm8}{years} \cite{Stoenner1965,Chen2018} has long been identified as an ideal dating isotope for water and ice in the age range 50-\SI{1800}{years} due to its chemical inertness and uniform distribution in the atmosphere \cite{Lal196...
1,941,325,220,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automatic speaker verification (ASV) technology is ubiquitous nowadays, being applied to user authentication in an increasingly diverse array of applications from smart-home technology to telephone banking to health-sector applications~\cite{hansen2015speaker,kinnunen2010overv...
1,941,325,220,168
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Aluthge transform of a bounded operator $T$, introduced by Aluthge in \cite{al}, is given by the formula $\widetilde{T}=|T|^{\frac12}U|T|^{\frac12}$, where $T=U|T|$ is the polar decomposition of $T$. It turned out to have many applications, e.g. in the invariant subspace problem (cf. \cite{jkp1...
1,941,325,220,169
arxiv
1,941,325,220,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{ArnADE} Arnol'd found a deep connection between simple function singularities and the Dynkin diagrams $A_k$, $D_k$ and $E_k$ and their corresponding Weyl groups. Later in \cite{ArnBCF} he expanded this classification to the diagrams of types $B_k$, $C_k$ and $F_4$, which turned out to b...
1,941,325,220,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries} Let $\mathbb{R}_{0,m}$ be the $2^m$-dimensional real Clifford algebra constructed over the orthonormal basis $(e_1,\ldots,e_m)$ of the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^m$ (see \cite{Cl}). The multiplication in $\mathbb{R}_{0,m}$ is determined by the relations \[e_je_k+e_ke_j=-2\delt...
1,941,325,220,172
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix}}{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \textwidth 160mm \textheight 230mm \newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equat...
1,941,325,220,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} General relativity is a geometrical theory of gravitation that is determined by the metric of spacetime. Brans-Dicke theory of gravity\cite{B1, B2, B3}, a scalar-tensor theory, introduces an adjustment to the initial framework of Einstein in order to include Mach's Principle by including a scalar...
1,941,325,220,174
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The existence and impact of the magnetic field in astrophysical events have continued to excite researchers, positing interesting issues pertaining to plasma physics. With the advent of high intensity lasers, it has been possible to make interesting observations on the dynamical evolution of ma...
1,941,325,220,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Let $G$ be a reductive algebraic group over the algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p\neq 2$. Let $\theta$ be an involutive automorphism of $G$ and let $d\theta:{\mathfrak g}\longrightarrow{\mathfrak g}$ be the corresponding linear involution of ${\mathfrak g}=\mathop{...
1,941,325,220,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The modern era of exact statistical treatments of the late-time steady states of 2D fluid flows, properly accounting for the infinite number of conserved integrals of the motion, began with the Miller--Robert--Sommeria (MRS) theory of the 2D Euler equation \cite{M1990,RS1991,MW...
1,941,325,220,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction and outline} The relationship between soft theorems in gauge theories and gravity and asymptotic symmetries in these theories is an active area of investigation. The essential idea is simple and can be understood without referring to specific theories. Given a large gauge transformation\footnote...
1,941,325,220,178
arxiv
\section{Inference Comparison (Continued)} \section{Derivations} \label{sec:ap-derivations} \subsection{Acceptance probability} \label{sec:ap-accept} For computing the acceptance probability in the MH scheme, we obtain \begin{eqnarray*} \frac {\mathcal{P}'} {\mathcal{P}} \frac {q(\varphi_n \mid \varphi_n')} {q(\...
1,941,325,220,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has been a lot of interest in the study of asymptotic shape of growing clusters. One of the earliest of such studies was by Richardson, who showed that the asymptotic shape of the infected region in an epidemic model has linear segments ~\cite{Richardson73}. In the Eden model \cite{Eden}, ...
1,941,325,220,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \subsection{Definitions and results}\label{subsec:def} A random-step Markov process, introduced by Kalikow in~\cite{Kalikow90} under the name `random Markov process', is a natural generalization of the classical $n$-step Markov chain. In this type of stationary process, rather...
1,941,325,220,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The pupose of this paper is to determine the density of monic integer polynomials of given degree whose discriminant is squarefree. For polynomials $f(x)=x^n+a_1x^{n-1}+\cdots+a_n$, the term $(-1)^ia_i$ represents the sum of the $i$-fold products of the roots of $f$. It is thus natural to order...
1,941,325,220,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ability of the Italian-Dutch BeppoSAX satellite \cite{psb:95} to accurately locate gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with its Wide Field Cameras \cite{jhzb:95} has led to the discovery of two optical transients, associated with GRB\,970228 \cite{pggks:97} and GRB\,970508 \cite{bond:97}. The detection...
1,941,325,220,183
arxiv
\section{Alternating Turing machines and proof of~\Cref{theorem:kaexp-alternation-complexity}} \label{appendix:ATMs} This section contains the auxiliary technical tools needed to prove~\Cref{theorem:kaexp-alternation-complexity}, as well as the proof of this theorem and of~\Cref{theorem:kaexp-j-prenex-complexity}. ...
1,941,325,220,184
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Efficient coding theories have been extremely influential in understanding early sensory processing in general \cite{attneave1954some,barlow1961possible} and, visual processing in the retina in particular \cite{srinivasan1982predictive,huang2011predictive,atick1992does,atick1992could,van1992theo...
1,941,325,220,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Cosmic Neutrino Background (C$\nu$B), analogous to the cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), carries invaluable independent information on the early universe \cite{dolgov,quigg,long,linholder}. The primordial electron, muon, and tau neutrinos decoupled in helicity eigenstates at tempera...
1,941,325,220,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Rapid acceleration in urbanization and intensive population growth have elevated the global demand for resources, making the trade network vital to cope with the changing market \cite{chen2018global,wang2020mapping}. The recent advances in critical infrastructure with the new trade policies have ...
1,941,325,220,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} RPCs are powerful detectors used in many HEP physics experiments. Their good time resolution and efficiency, in addition to their simplicity and low cost make them excellent candidates for very large area detectors. The high resistivity of glass plates helps to prevent discharge damage in these d...