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1,941,325,219,888
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{T}{his} demo file is intended to serve as a ``starter file'' for IEEE Computer Society journal papers produced under \LaTeX\ using IEEEtran.cls version 1.8b and later. I wish you the best of success. \hfill mds \hfill August 26, 2015 \subsection{Subs...
1,941,325,219,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The standardization activities in the integrated 5G networks and low earth orbits (LEO) mobile satellite communication (SatCom) systems and the emerging plans about LEO constellations, introduce a renewed research interest in the performance of inter-satellite links (ISLs) \cit...
1,941,325,219,890
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s1} All matrices and vector spaces are considered over the field $\mathbb C$ of complex numbers. By the theorem on pencils of matrices (see \cite[Sect. XII]{gan}), every pair of $p\times q$ matrices reduces by transformations of simultaneous equivalence \begin{equation}\label{1.a} (A_1...
1,941,325,219,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A topological insulator (TI) is a material in which the bulk is insulating but the surface contains metallic state due to non-zero topological invariants of the bulk band structure\cite{Hasan,Qi,Ando}. SnTe with NaCl-type crystal structure is a topological crystalline insulator (TCI)\cite{Hsieh...
1,941,325,219,892
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The knowledge of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is a fundamental piece of information in many research areas of astrophysics. From a theoretical point of view, providing tight constraints on the IMF properties in different stellar environments - both in the field and in s...
1,941,325,219,893
arxiv
\section{Gradient Q$(\sigma, \lambda)$} We have discussed the divergence of Q$(\sigma,\lambda)$ with semi-gradient method. In this section, we propose a convergent and stable TD algorithm: gradient Q$(\sigma,\lambda)$. \subsection{Objective Function} We derive the algorithm via MSPBE \cite{sutton2009fast_a}: \begi...
1,941,325,219,894
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study the third weight of generalized Reed-Muller codes.\\ We first introduce some notations : \\ Let $p$ be a prime number, $e$ a positive integer, $q=p^e$ and $\mathbb{F}_q$ a finite field with $q$ elements.\\ If $m$ is a positive integer, we denote by $B_m^q$ the $\mathbb...
1,941,325,219,895
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gaussian processes \citep[GPs;][]{rasmussen06} are popular tools among statisticians and engineers for modeling complex problems because of their flexibility, simplicity, and their ability to quantify uncertainty. As Gaussian processes have become more popular in practice, there is an increased ...
1,941,325,219,896
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Long-lived massive particles (LLP) are predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model (SM) that address the hierarchy problem~\cite{Giudice:1998bp, Arvanitaki:2012ps}, naturalness~\cite{Chacko:2005pe, Burdman:2006tz, Craig:2015pha, Curtin:2015fna, Chacko:2015fbc}, the baryon...
1,941,325,219,897
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we are interested in the size of sums such as $$ \sum_{n \leq x} n^{it} \;\;\;\;\; \text{and} \;\;\;\;\; \sum_{n \leq x} \chi(n) , $$ where $t \in \mathbb{R}$ and $\chi(n)$ is a non-principal Dirichlet character modulo a large prime $r$. These zeta sums and character sums are among ...
1,941,325,219,898
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Many organizations undergo rapid digital transformation nowadays. In such a setting, a common challenge is the understanding of software development dynamics. Horizontal relations between development teams are typically obscure and unobvious at a glance. Yet understandin...
1,941,325,219,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} TeV gamma-ray emitting binary systems are extremely rare objects, likely corresponding to a relatively brief period in the evolution of some massive star binaries \citep{2017AnA...608A..59D}. They consist of a neutron star or black hole in a binary orbit with a massive star, a...
1,941,325,219,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} To provide safer, cleaner, and more efficient transportation is the promise of autonomous driving technologies~\cite{anderson2014autonomous}. Thanks to the serious efforts that have been made in both academia and industry to pursue this goal, advances in perception, decision-mak...
1,941,325,219,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $p: X\to Y$ be a holomorphic map of relative dimension $n$ between two non-singular, compact K\"ahler manifolds. We denote by $\Delta\subset Y$ the union of codimension one components of the set of singular values of $p$, and we will use the same notation for the associated divisor. The r...
1,941,325,219,902
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dark Energy is the dominant source causing the current accelerated expansion of the universe, as has been confirmed by observations~\cite{Riess:1998cb,Schmidt:1998ys,Bennett:2012zja,Ade:2013zuv}. Although there exist some possibilities explaining Dark Energy, a tiny positive cosmological consta...
1,941,325,219,903
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that the perturbative approach to finding a theory of quantum gravity faces the problem of non-renormalizability. This is partly solved in string theory, but at the expense of introducing extra dimensions. There exist however, non-renormalizable field theory models for which t...
1,941,325,219,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear, extragalactic X-ray sources with isotropic luminosities that exceed the Eddington limit for a stellar-mass black hole (BH) ($M_{\rm BH}{{\lesssim}}20\,M_{\odot}$: see \citealt{2011NewAR..55..166F} and references therein, and a...
1,941,325,219,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Stein's spherical maximal function and its arithmetic analogue} In \cite{Stein_spherical}, Stein introduced the spherical maximal function and proved that it is bounded on $L^p(\R^\dimension)$ for $p>\frac{\dimension}{\dimension-1}$ and $\dimension \geq 3$. This was later extended t...
1,941,325,219,906
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Roughly speaking, the foundations of Quantum Field Theory dictates that quantum fields are the result of engaging well defined one particle states \cite{Wigner1} into interactions regulated, so to speak, by Lorentz covariance \cite{weinbergfeynman}. Besides, fundamental rules as the...
1,941,325,219,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction} All graphs considered in this paper are finite, connected and simple (they are undirected and do not have loops or multiple edges). A \emph{$2$-arc} of a graph is a triple $(u,v,w)$ of pairwise distinct vertices such that $v$ is adjacent to both $u$ and $w$. We say that a graph is \emph{$2$...
1,941,325,219,908
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The stellar disks of spiral galaxies can extend to many scale lengths (e.g. Davidge 2006; Pohlen \& Trujillo 2006), and the stars that populate the peripheral regions of disks likely have a range of origins. Some of the stars at large radii probably formed {\it in situ}. Ultraviolet light c...
1,941,325,219,909
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Quantum mechanics is a statistical theory that defines the probability of measurement outcomes without referring to a fundamental set of possible realities. The original formulation of the theory was based on analogies between the algebra of operators and the algebra of numbers....
1,941,325,219,910
arxiv
\section{introduction} As is well known, the Heisenberg model is a simple but realistic and extensively studied solid-state system \cite{3hammar,3eggert}. According to the sign of the interaction intensity $J$, the model can be classified as the ferromagnetic type and the antiferromagnetic one. Based on the interactio...
1,941,325,219,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Functional ultrasound (fUS) is a neuroimaging technique that indirectly measures brain activity by detecting changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV) \citep{fusrbc}. The fUS signal is related to brain activity through a process known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). When a brain reg...
1,941,325,219,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that on a compact Riemannian manifold $(X,g)$, any solution $u(t,z)$ of the wave equation $(\partial_t^2+\Delta_g)u(t,z)=0$ expands as a sum of oscillating terms of the form $e^{i\lambda_jt}a_j(z)$ where $\lambda_j^2$ are the eigenvalues of the Laplacian $\Delta_g$ and $a_j$ so...
1,941,325,219,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mixed ruthenates with perovskite based crystal structures have been receiving considerable attention of late \cite {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,27a}, both because of their interesting magnetic properties and because of the recent discovery of supercond...
1,941,325,219,914
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} We are interested in the well-posedness and numerical approximation of the following $d$-dimensional SDE: \begin{align}\label{eq:SDE} X_t = X_0 + \int_0^t b(X_s) \, d s + B_t , \quad t\in [0,1], \end{align} where $X_0 \in \mathbb{R}^d$, $b$ is a distribution in some nonhomogen...
1,941,325,219,915
arxiv
\section{Introduction} % A bipartite network is defined as having two types of nodes, with edges allowed only between nodes of different types. For instance, a network in which edges connect people with the foods they eat is bipartite, as are other networks of associations between two classes...
1,941,325,219,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Classical T~Tauri stars (CTTS) are pre-main sequence, low mass stars (M~$\lesssim $~2\,M$_{\odot}$) that are still accreting matter from a surrounding circumstellar disk at a significant level. CTTS show an emission line spectrum and are often characterized by strong veiling and a large H$\alp...
1,941,325,219,917
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} The transition of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars to the early planetary nebula (PN) stage is a poorly understood phase of stellar evolution. It is agreed upon that a rapid drop in mass loss rate accompanies the transition from the AGB to the post-AGB phase. However, no wel...
1,941,325,219,918
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $R=k[x_1,\ldots,x_d]$ be the polynomial ring over a field $k$, and let $\mathcal{D}_R$ be the ring of $k$-linear differential operators on $R$. For every non-zero $f \in R$, the natural action of $\mathcal{D}_R$ on $R$ extends uniquely to an action on $R_f$. In characteristic 0, it has been p...
1,941,325,219,919
arxiv
\section{Introduction} These notes discuss recent topics in orbit equivalence theory in operator algebra framework. Firstly, we provide an operator algebraic interpretation of discrete measurable groupoids in the course of giving a simple observation, which re-proves (and slightly generalizes) a result on treeability...
1,941,325,219,920
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is not known what the magnetic field associated with sunspots looks like underneath the solar surface. \cite{Cowling1946} proposed that a sunspot extends below the surface as a magnetic flux tube - field lines bound tightly together in a single monolithic column resisting deformation agains...
1,941,325,219,921
arxiv
\section{Proofs} \begin{proof}[\textbf{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:bounded_offset}}] Since $\widehat{f}$ is in the star hull around $\widehat{g}$, $\widehat{f}$ must lie in the set $\H : = \F + \star(\F-\F)$. Hence, in view of \eqref{eq:excess_loss_bound_deterministic}, excess loss $\mathcal{E}(\widehat{f})$ is upper b...
1,941,325,219,922
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Causal inference is grounded in estimation of interventional effects. This requires researchers to identify \emph{which} variables are going to change as the result of an intervention and \emph{in what way} those variables can be expected to change. The former question, regarding \emph{which} va...
1,941,325,219,923
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The forces induced on a isolated system by reaction to the emission of gravitational waves and their impact on the motion of gravitationally bound binary systems have been studied in great accuracy since the first derivation of the radiation reaction force in General Relativity by Burke and Tho...
1,941,325,219,924
arxiv
\section*{Supplemental material} \subsection{Near-zone AdS$_2$ geometry} \noindent Here we elaborate on the geometry of the $(t,r)$ subspace of the near-zone metric~\eqref{near zone metric}. This metric describes ${\rm AdS}_2$ in de Sitter-slice coordinates. In order to see this, we make the coordinate transformatio...
1,941,325,219,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An original goal of this paper was to extend the weak convergence methodology of Dupuis and Ellis \cite{dupuis-ellis} to the context of non-exponential (e.g., heavy-tailed) large deviations. While we claim only modest success in this regard, we do find some general-purpose large deviation uppe...
1,941,325,219,926
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{here} are a number of new memory technologies that are impacting, or likely to impact, computing architectures in the near future. One example of such a technology is so called high bandwidth memory, already featured today on Intel's latest many-core proce...
1,941,325,219,927
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:introduction} Polar codes and Reed-Muller (RM) codes are two closely related code families in the sense that their generator matrices are formed of rows from the same square matrix. Although RM codes were discovered several decades earlier than polar codes, the capacity-achieving pro...
1,941,325,219,928
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Maria Reguera \cite{MR} disproved Muckenhoupt--Wheeden conjecture. Then Maria Reguera and Christoph Thiele disproved Muckenhoupt--Wheeden conjecture \cite{RT}, which required that the Hilbert transform would map $L^1(Mw)$ into $L^{1,\infty}(w)$. It has been suggested in P\'erez' p...
1,941,325,219,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, commonly characterized by loss of movement due to the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord \cite{Brown2017}. Its severe nature and fast progression result in short survival times, averaging 3 to 5 years \cit...
1,941,325,219,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Miniaturized Fabry-Perot cavities are based on mirrors that are directly fabricated onto the end facets of optical fibers. They have emerged as a versatile optical resonator platform during the last decade \cite{hunger2010fiber, gallego2016high}. They can provide small mode-volumes for high field...
1,941,325,219,931
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgments} \section{Introduction} \label{sec: intro} The aim of the pure exploration, stochastic, multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem is to identify, via exploration, the optimal arm among a given basket of arms. Here, each arm is associated with an a priori unknown probability distribution, and the ...
1,941,325,219,932
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The stochastic integrate-and-fire model for the membrane potential $V$ across a neuron in the brain has received a huge amount of attention since its introduction (see \cite{sacerdote:giraudo} for a comprehensive review). The central idea is to model $V$ by threshold dynamics, in which the pot...
1,941,325,219,933
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning techniques have received notable attention in various vision tasks, such as image classification~\cite{he2016deep}, object detection~\cite{ren2015faster}, and semantic segmentation~\cite{long2015fully}. Yet, the success of deep neural networks heavily relies on a tremendous volume...
1,941,325,219,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supernova (SN) rates at high redshift are very important not only because of their ability to allow the direct determination of cosmological parameters such as $H_{o}$, ${\Omega}_{0}$ and ${\Omega}_{\Lambda}$, but also in understanding nucleosynthesis rates, galaxy evolution and star formation....
1,941,325,219,935
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The genesis of this work is our interest in properties of classes of varieties described by equations. Starting from Mal'cev's description of congruence permutability as in \cite{Mal.OTGT}, the problem of characterizing properties of classes of varieties as Mal'cev conditions has led to severa...
1,941,325,219,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of identifying the transition matrices in linear time-invariant (LTI) systems has been extensively studied in the literature \cite{lai1983asymptotic,kailath2000linear,buchmann2007asymptotic}. Recent papers establish finite-time rates for accurately learning the dynamics in various on...
1,941,325,219,937
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As the physical pion mass is accessible in lattice QCD simulations nowadays with larger physical volumes and several lattice spacings with different lattice actions to estimate the associated systematic errors, lattice QCD calculation is getting mature, particularly for flavor physics where the q...
1,941,325,219,938
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{C}{ognitive} radios (CR) \cite{GSSinCRN:Mitola00}\cite{GSSinCRN:Haykin05}, having capable of sensing spectrum availability, is considered as a promising technique to alleviate spectrum scarcity due to current static spectrum allotment policy \cite{GSSinCRN:FCC}. Traditional CR link ...
1,941,325,219,939
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{E}{nergy} poverty is a common problem in many areas around the world. Fossil fuel has deleterious effects on the environment and a major concern for the current situation of global warming. A viable alternative to provide clean energy to the remote places could be the DC microgrid s...
1,941,325,219,940
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Inflationary model building is notoriously hard due to the difficulty to protect the flatness of the inflationary direction against potentially large quantum corrections of different origin. This problem is particularly severe for models with observable tensor modes since they gene...
1,941,325,219,941
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hindi is written in the Devanagari script, which is an abugida, an orthographic system where the basic unit consists of a consonant and an optional vowel diacritic or a single vowel. Devanagari is fairly regular, but a Hindi word's actual pronunciation can differ from what is literally written i...
1,941,325,219,942
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Charged droplets are often encountered in nature, for example, electrified cloud droplets as well as in artificial technologies such as combustion of fuel droplets, spray painting, crop spraying, and inkjet printing. Lord Rayleigh (1882) first derived a threshold value at which a charged drop exh...
1,941,325,219,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro} Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a key ingredient of recent multiple access techniques for the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. By allocating several users to the same resource block, NOMA techniques realize high spectral efficiency and low latency even when a n...
1,941,325,219,944
arxiv
\section[Introduction]{Introduction} In \cite{mat01} Mathias systematically studies and compares a variety of subsystems of $\mathrm{ZFC}$. One of the weakest systems studied in \cite{mat01} is the set theory $\mathbf{M}$ axiomatised by: extensionality, emptyset, pair, union, powerset, infinity, transitive containme...
1,941,325,219,945
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:introduction} Automatic scene classification aims to classify the input signal into one of several predefined scene labels and help machines understand the environments around them. It has enormous potential in the applications of human-computer interaction, intelligent robotics, smart...
1,941,325,219,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that any map $\phi:\mathbb{F}_q\rightarrow \mathbb{F}_q$ can be expressed uniquely as a polynomial $f \in \mathbb{F}_q[x]$ of degree less than $q$. We say that $f$ is the \emph{reduced polynomial} corresponding to $\phi$ and that the \emph{reduced degree} of $\phi$ is the degree...
1,941,325,219,947
arxiv
\section* \thesection {#1}} \addcontentsline{toc}{section} \thesection\ \ \ #1} } \newcommand{\no}{\nonumber\\} \newcommand{\e}{{\rm e}} \newcommand{\ii}{{\rm i}} \newcommand{\dd}{{\rm d}} \newcommand{\eqn}[1]{(\ref{#1})} \newcommand{\be}{\begin{equation}} \newcommand{\ee}{\end{equation}} \newcommand{\beq}{\...
1,941,325,219,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure} \resizebox{\hsize}{!}{\includegraphics{7364fig1.eps}} \caption{Light curves of Abell\,43 shown for the three long NOT runs. The solid lines are synthetic light curves constructed from the parameters listed in Table 2, and shifted downward by 0.005 units for clarity.} \l...
1,941,325,219,949
arxiv
\section{introduction} An $\text{SL}(3,\mathbb{C})$-structure on an oriented manifold of real dimension $6$ is defined by a definite real $3$-form $\rho$, i.e. by a stable $3$-form $\rho$ inducing an almost complex structure $J_{\rho}$ (see \cite{Hitchin,Reichel}). We shall say that the $\text{SL}(3,...
1,941,325,219,950
arxiv
\section{Main results} Throughout this paper, we work over the field of complex numbers. \subsection{Boundedness of singular Fano varieties} A normal, projective variety $X$ is called \emph{Fano} if a negative multiple of its canonical divisor class is Cartier and if the associated line bundle is ample. Fano vari...
1,941,325,219,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This talk is based on Refs.~\cite{Bozek:2012gr,Bozek:2013uha,Bozek:2013ska}, where the details and more complete lists of references can be found (see also the mini-review~\cite{Bozek:2013yfa}). We wish to address here the most intriguing physics questions concerning the topic: \begin{itemize...
1,941,325,219,952
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last decade, tracking algorithms have evolved significantly in both their sophistication and quality of results. However, tracking is still considered a very challenging task in computer vision, particularly because a slight mistake in one frame may be reinforced after an online learning...
1,941,325,219,953
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Confocal quadrics in $\mathbb{R}^N$ belong to the favorite objects of classical mathematics, due to their beautiful geometric properties and numerous relations and applications to various branches of mathematics. To mention just a few well-known examples: \begin{itemize} \item Optical properties...
1,941,325,219,954
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past decade, there has been significant consideration given to topological phases in 3+1d, in addition to the 1+1d and 2+1d cases that have been more heavily studied in the past. So far, results for 3+1d topological phases range from the construction of classes of commuting projec...
1,941,325,219,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} A deconfined, strongly interacting state of matter called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is conjectured to be produced at high temperatures and densities in collisions recorded at high-energy physics experiments. QGP formation is gauged with several proposed signatures, including productio...
1,941,325,219,956
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Empirical Bayes methods enable frequentist estimation that emulates a Bayesian oracle. Suppose we observe $X$ generated as below, and want to estimate $\theta(x)$, \begin{equation} \label{eq:EB} \mu \sim G, \ \ X \sim \nn\p{\mu, \, \sigma^2}, \ \ \theta(x) = \EE{h(\mu) \cond ...
1,941,325,219,957
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Galaxy morphology in the local universe provides significant information about the formation and evolution of galaxies. Massive galaxies in the nearby universe are well described by the Hubble sequence, which correlates with the dominance of galaxy's central bulge, surface brightness and co...
1,941,325,219,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Wigner introduced his famous quasiprobability density function on phase space in order to consider semiclassical approximations to the quantum evolution of the density matrix \cite{Wigner32}. For a system with one degree of freedom and classical Hamiltonian \bea H=p^2/2m +V(q)\,, \label{hamil...
1,941,325,219,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The bounded derived category of coherent sheaves $D^b(\text{coh}(X))$ of an algebraic variety $X$ reflects important properties of the variety $X$. The abelian category of coherent sheaves $(\text{coh}(X))$ can be identified to $X$ itself, but $D^b(\text{coh}(X))$ has more symmetries and the i...
1,941,325,219,960
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s1} The abundance and nature of dark matter in the halo of our Galaxy is rapidly making the transition from theoretical hypothesis to observational science. This has been facilitated by the deep surveys that are now achievable with instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ...
1,941,325,219,961
arxiv
\section{Analysis} Table \ref{tab:qual_examples} shows example interpretations by {\textsc{SelfExplain}}; we show some additional analysis of explanations from {\textsc{SelfExplain}}\footnote{additional analysis in appendix due to space constraints} in this section. \\ \noindent \textbf{Does {\textsc{SelfExplain}}...
1,941,325,219,962
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely adopted in most of the digital video broadcasting standards as DVB-T \cite{DVBT}, DMB-T, ISDB-T. This success is due to its robustness to frequency selective fading and to the simplicity of the equalization function of the receiver...
1,941,325,219,963
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neural machine translation (NMT), which uses a single large neural network to model the entire translation process, has recently been shown to outperform traditional statistical machine translation (SMT) such as phrase-based machine translation (PBMT) on several translation tasks \cite{koehn20...
1,941,325,219,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The last few decades have witnessed the emergence of various algorithms that require the calculation of the eigendecomposition of matrices. A few known examples are Google's PageRank \cite{page1999pagerank}, PCA \cite{shlens2014tutorial}, Laplacian eigenmaps \cite{belkin2003laplacian}, LLE \cite...
1,941,325,219,965
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The proliferation of multi-agent environments in emerging applications such as internet-of-things (IoT), networked sensing and autonomous systems, together with the necessity of training machine learning models using distributed systems in federated learning, leads to a g...
1,941,325,219,966
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} A huge amount of investigations in cosmology during the last quarter of a sentury motivate theoreticians to develop new gravitational theories. Many of these theories are modifications of General Relativity (GR). Any modification of GR includes additional fields (such as scalar field, torsio...
1,941,325,219,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coupled map lattices (CMLs), dynamical systems with discrete space and time, are being intensively investigated since the early 80's as models of many spatiotemporal phenomena occurring in a wide variety of systems \cite{books}. One of such phenomena is synchronization and, in particular, a...
1,941,325,219,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Detached, double-lined spectroscopic binaries that are also eclipsing provide an accurate determination of stellar mass, radius and temperature for each of their individual components, and hence constitute a strong test of single star stellar evolution theory \citep{last}. Eclipsing binary (E...
1,941,325,219,969
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The brain is widely understood to operate via densely-interconnected network behavior \cite{fornito_fundamentals_2016}. Many diseases have been proposed to be essentially ``connectivity diseases", such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, and other dementias \cite{van_den_heuvel_exploring_2010}. He...
1,941,325,219,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} \setcounter{footnote}{0} It is widely believed that supernova remnants (SNRs) are the primary sources of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) observed on Earth, up to the knee energy at $\sim10^{15}$~eV, as first proposed by \cite{Ginzburg1961}. CRs can be accelerated to very hig...
1,941,325,219,971
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}} \def\thesection{\arabic{section}} \def\thesubsection{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}} \def\thesubsubsection{\arabic{subsubsection}} \def
1,941,325,219,972
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for concrete materials to realize novel topological states of matter is an exciting frontier in condensed matter physics \cite{Hasan2010, Qi2011, Ando2013}. In that search, topological superconductors attract particular attention due to the potential appearance of exotic quasipartic...
1,941,325,219,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The Planck's constant $h$ plays a central role in quantum mechanics. It was first introduced in 1900 by Max Planck in his study on the blackbody radiation~\cite{planck} as the proportionality constant between the minimal increment of energy of a charged oscillator in a cavit...
1,941,325,219,974
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1872 Felix Klein formulated his Erlangen program as such: ``A manifold is given and with it a group of transformations. [..] Develop the theory of invariants with regard to this group'' (\cite{Klein1927}, p. 28). According to him, Sophus Lie accepted this program and spread it among his s...
1,941,325,219,975
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the classical combinatorial optimization problems that is studied in computer science is \emph{Bin Packing}. It appeared as one of the prototypical $\mathbf{NP}$-hard problems already in the book of Garey and Johnson~\cite{GareyJohnson79} but it was studied long before in operations re...
1,941,325,219,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this report, we discuss the phase diagram of the charge-neutral quark matter under beta-equilibrium constraint, taking into account the q-$\bar{\rm q}$ vector interaction and/or U(1)$_A$-anomaly-induced chiral-diquark coupling\cite{arXiv:1102.3263}. \subsection{Effect of the ve...
1,941,325,219,977
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past several decades chemistry research has made large strides forward in the description of chemical reactions occurring in environments as diverse as combustion, the earth's atmosphere, and interstellar media where temperature and pressure vary over multiple orders of magnitude \cit...
1,941,325,219,978
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The magnetic moment of the electron which is responsible for the interaction with the magnetic field in the Born approximation can be written in the standard form \begin{eqnarray} \vec{\mu}=g(\frac{e\hbar}{2mc})\vec{s} \end{eqnarray} where $\vec{s}$, e and m is the spin, electric charge a...
1,941,325,219,979
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Data augmentation is a popular step in training deep learning models. Data augmentation becomes necessary due to insufficient training data for a particular task. More training data can be generated through synthetic modification of the available dataset. The advantage of doing this is that it m...
1,941,325,219,980
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Brydges and Imbrie \cite{bi}, and Kenyon and Winkler \cite{kw} study the space of branched polymers of order $n$ in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and $\mathbb{R}^3$. In their definition, a {\bf branched polymer} of order $n$ in $\mathbb{R}^D$ is a connected set of $n$ labeled unit sph...
1,941,325,219,981
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Galaxies can be divided into two main types, blue star-forming galaxies that typically have disky morphologies, and red passive galaxies that on the contrary are bulge-dominated (e.g. \citealt{Gadotti2009}; \citealt{Bluck2014}; \citealt{Whitaker2015}). These two types can be eas...
1,941,325,219,982
arxiv
\section*{References}
1,941,325,219,983
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interaction of atoms and molecules with intense, very short laser pulses results in many interesting phenomena, such as high-order harmonic generation (HHG), above-threshold ionization (ATI) or non-sequential multiple ionization (NSI). All these phenomena, are studied carefully since '80s of the ...
1,941,325,219,984
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(X, \mathsf{d}, \mathfrak{m})$ be a compact metric measure space, that is, $(X, \mathsf{d})$ is a compact metric space with $\supp \mathfrak{m} =X$ and $\mathfrak{m} (X)<\infty$. There are several definitions of `lower Ricci bounds on $(X, \mathsf{d}, \mathfrak{m})$', whose studies are ver...
1,941,325,219,985
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}} \renewcommand{\Im}{{\rm \,Im\,}} \renewcommand{\Re}{{\rm \,Re\,}} \title{Two-dimensional RCFT's without Kac-Moody symmetry} \author{Harsha R. Hampapura$^a$} \author{and Sunil Mukhi$^{a,b}$} \affiliation{$^a$ India...
1,941,325,219,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction and background information} \label{Introduction} \noindent The aim of this note is to present our research of recent years on varieties, generated by (standard) wreath products of abelian groups~\cite{AwrB_paper}--\cite{wreath products Prilozh}, and to display some newest, yet unpublished p...
1,941,325,219,987
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Toxic comments refer to rude, insulting and offensive comments that can severely affect a person’s mental health and severe cases can also be classified as cyber-bullying. It often instills insecurities in young people, leading them to develop low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts. This abusive e...