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1,941,325,220,288 | arxiv | \section{The nuclear mean field}
The cross sections involving neutrons and protons
impinging on nuclei display a marked energy variation
generally interpreted as an interference
between the incident and the transmitted waves.
This occurrence in turn implies a
mean free path for collisions between the nuclear
con... |
1,941,325,220,289 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
Nuclei in the mass $\sim$ 130 region are known to exhibit a rich variety of
shapes and structures. In this region, interesting phenomena of
shape co-existence \cite{coe1, coe2}, strongly deformed \cite{hd2} to
superdeformed \cite{sd1, sd2} shapes, chiral doublet bands \cite{cdb... |
1,941,325,220,290 | arxiv | \subsection{Introduction}
\noindent It has been shown many years ago [1-6] that the main prerequisites
used to prove the Bell inequalities (BI) [7,8], or Clauser,Horn
,Shimony,Holt (CHSH) inequalities [9] \ such as the use of a common
probability space, joint probability distributions for non-commuting
observables etc... |
1,941,325,220,291 | arxiv | \section{Set-up}
We assume that in the market, there is a single risky asset at discrete times $t=1,\dotso,T$. Let $S=(S_t)_{t=1}^T$ be the canonical process on the path space $\mathbb{R}_+^T$, i.e, for $(s_1,\dotso,s_T) \in \mathbb{R}_+^T$ we have that $S_i(s_1,\dotso,s_T)=s_i$. The random variable $S_i$ represents... |
1,941,325,220,292 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Thermonuclear detonations are common to all current likely models of Type Ia
supernovae (SNe Ia), but how they are actually generated in progenitor systems
is still an open question. Different models predict different locations for
the detonation and different mechanisms... |
1,941,325,220,293 | arxiv | \section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Recent advances in collecting and analyzing large datasets have led to the information being naturally represented as higher-order tensors. Tensor Decomposition transforms input tensors to a reduced latent space which can then be leveraged to learn salient fe... |
1,941,325,220,294 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since its invention in \cite{ChTk81,Tk81}, the method of integration by parts
has become the commonly used platform for reduction of loop integrals to basic
(master) integrals. The distinguishing feature of this method is rapidly increasing
volume of symbolic algebraic computation needed for man... |
1,941,325,220,295 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Robinson's Joint Consistency Theorem \cite{rob} gives a sufficient condition in
the context of first-order logic for two theories to have a common model. This
result was originally proved by A. Robinson with the aim of providing a new
purely model-theoretic proof of the Beth definability prope... |
1,941,325,220,296 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\begin{eqnarray}}{\begin{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\end{eqnarray}}{\end{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\begin{displaymath}}{\begin{displaymath}}
\newcommand{\end{displaymath}}{\end{displaymath}}
\newcommand{\alpha}{\alpha}
\newcommand{$B \to X_s e^+ e^-$ }{$B \to X_s e^+ e^-$ }
\n... |
1,941,325,220,297 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec: introduction}
Environment perception in Autonomous Vehicles (AV) is a challenging problem. With the current approach of using only on-board sensors to solve the perception problem, it is impossible to sense occluded areas and mitigate the effects of sensor outage. Complex traffic in... |
1,941,325,220,298 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2~(HER2) amplification status is an important tumor marker in breast and gastric cancer. It indicates a more aggressive disease with a greater rate of recurrence and mortality. Hence, it influences the decision making for finding an appropriate therapy~\... |
1,941,325,220,299 | arxiv | \section{Asset taxonomy}
\label{appendix:a}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{Figures/Figure_Asset_Taxonomy.png}
\end{figure}
\section{Classification of cash (green) and bitcoin (orange)}
\label{appendix:b}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{Figures/... |
1,941,325,220,300 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Understanding the acceleration of atomic nuclei to macroscopic energies $\gtrsim50\,{\rm J}$ is one of the great challenges of modern astrophysics. These Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) accelerators operate undercover because the Universe is filled with electromagnetic and hy... |
1,941,325,220,301 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Detailed measurements of atomic spectra were key to the discovery of quantum mechanics and the development of relativistic quantum electrodynamics (QED). Today, precision atomic spectroscopy underpins the SI system of units, provides the values of some fundamental constants, an... |
1,941,325,220,302 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are the most massive and most luminous galaxies in the universe
today. BCGs are so massive ($M_{star}>10^{11} M_{\odot}$) that their formation and evolution is closely tied
to the large scale structure of the universe (Conroy et al. 2007). Sem... |
1,941,325,220,303 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro} In social and economic life, as well as in many research fields such as data mining, image processing and bioinformatics, we often have the need to separate a set of objects to different groups according to their similarity to each other, so that we can subsequently represent or pro... |
1,941,325,220,304 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Amid the gamut of approaches, whose goal is a quantum theory of
gravity, some clearly protrude, namely, they entail the
modification of the dispersion relation \cite{[1]}. These ideas
appear in several models, for instance, quantum--gravity
approaches based upon non--commutative geometry \cite{[... |
1,941,325,220,305 | arxiv | \section{\label{intro} Introduction}
The conversion of magnetic field energy into internal energy of plasmas in weakly collisional or collisionless plasmas is not fully understood and has important implications for space plasma and astrophysical plasma phenomena~\citep{parashar2015}.
A magnetic field in a non-potenti... |
1,941,325,220,306 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ever since a moving detector was introduced by Unruh \cite{Unr76} to depict analog Hawking effect \cite{Haw74,HawHar76} it has become a useful means to extract information about a quantum field, as is done in many work in relativistic quantum information \cite{RQI}. For cosmology a detector i... |
1,941,325,220,307 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The theory of linear flow networks provides a powerful framework, allowing to study systems ranging from water supply networks~\cite{Hwan96,diaz2016} and biological networks, such as leaf venation networks~\cite{Corson2010,Kati10,Hu2013}%
, to resistor networks~\cite{bollobas1998... |
1,941,325,220,308 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this era of exponential information growth, it is now possible to collect abundant data from different sources to perform diverse tasks, such as social computing, environmental analysis, and disease prediction. These data are usually heterogeneous and possess distinct physical properties suc... |
1,941,325,220,309 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By an interpolation inequality in quasi-Banach spaces $X_1 , X_2$, and $X$ with $X_1 \cap X_2 \subset X$, we mean any inequality of the form
$$
\|f\|_X \lesssim \|f\|_{X_1}^{1-\theta} \|f\|_{X_2}^\theta \quad (f \in X_1 \cap X_2 ),
$$
where $0< \theta < 1$ is a constant. Here for two non... |
1,941,325,220,310 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction}
The classical results by Halmos \cite{HalmosPaper} and Rokhlin \cite{Rokhlin} state that a ``typical'' measure-preserving transformation on a probability space $(X,\mu)$ is weakly but not strongly mixing. More precisely, the set of weakly mixing transformations is a dense... |
1,941,325,220,311 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The gravitational instability of collisionless matter in a cosmological
framework is usually studied within the Newtonian approximation,
which basically consists in neglecting terms higher than the first in
metric perturbations around a matter--dominated Friedmann--Robertson--Walker
(FRW) ba... |
1,941,325,220,312 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study the stopped process of a stochastic process in Riesz spaces. The notion of a stopped process is fundamental to the study of stochastic processes, since it is often used to extend results that are valid for bounded processes to hold also for unbounded processes. In~\cite{G2... |
1,941,325,220,313 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $X$ be a Hilbert space. The critical points of a continuously Fr\'{e}chet-differentiable functional $E:X\to\mathbb{R}$ are defined as solutions to the associated Euler--Lagrange equation
\[ E'(u)=0, \quad u\in X, \]
where $E'$ is the Fr\'{e}chet-derivative of $E$. The first candidates of c... |
1,941,325,220,314 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The superconducting phase of the cuprate superconductors exhibits
$d$-wave pairing symmetry.\cite{har01} As such, there exist four
nodal points on the two-dimensional Fermi surface at which the
quasiparticle excitations are gapless, and quasiparticles excited
in the vicinity of a node behave like... |
1,941,325,220,315 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since stars form in dense clumps within molecular clouds, very young clusters are observed to be embedded in gas. Typically $1/3$ of the initial cluster-forming gas mass is converted into stars \citep{Lada:2003il,Machida:2011uw}. Following star formation, and especially after formation of OB star... |
1,941,325,220,316 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\noindent Point-set registration is a fundamental problem in computer and robot vision. Given two sets of points in different coordinate systems, or equivalently in
the same coordinate system with different poses, the goal is to find the transformation that best aligns one... |
1,941,325,220,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Termination bugs can compromise safety-critical software systems by making them irresponsive,
e.g., termination bugs can be exploited in denial-of-service attacks~\cite{CVE}.
Termination guarantees are therefore instrumental for software reliability.
Termination provers,
static analysis tools th... |
1,941,325,220,318 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:md-intro}Introduction}
The investigation for calculating the dielectric tensor and Born effective charge tensor in finite
electric field is very important in studying of bulk ferroelectrics, ferroelectric films, superlattices,
lattice vibrations in polar crystals, and so on[1,2,3].
Recently... |
1,941,325,220,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Since Einstein discovered the theory of general relativity
\cite{Einstein:1915:1,Einstein:1915:2,Einstein:1915:3,Einstein:1915:4,Einstein:1916}, many attempts to
solve the field equations were undertaken. Yet only a few analytical
solutions to the full field equations are known... |
1,941,325,220,320 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inflationary theory provides a natural resolution for the the
flatness, monopole, and horizon problems of our present universe
described by the standard big bang cosmology \cite{inflation}. In
particular, our universe is homogeneous and isotropic to a very
high degree of precision \cite{data,cob... |
1,941,325,220,321 | arxiv |
\subsection*{Proposed strategy}
There are a few notable difficulties in establishing \Cref{conj:vector-borell}, compared
with the scalar-valued case. Recall in particular that Borell's theorem is also known when
the expectation of $f$ is constrained: among all functions $f: \R^n \to [-1, 1]$ with $\E[f] = v \in [-1, ... |
1,941,325,220,322 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There has been rapidly growing interest in the behavior of materials at nanometer scales \cite{nanotechnology01}.
One motivation is to construct ever smaller machines \cite{bhushan04}, and a second is to improve material properties by controlling their structure at nanometer scales \cite{valiev0... |
1,941,325,220,323 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At the present, string theory is the only framework for realization of a unification of gravitation with gauge theory and quantum mechanics. In principle, it should be possible to derive all known physics from the string, as well as potentially provide something new and unexpected. This is the ... |
1,941,325,220,324 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Let us consider a stochastic evolution equation of the type
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:0}
du + Au\,dt = F(u)\,dt + B(u)\,dW, \qquad u(0)=u_0,
\end{equation}
where $A$ is a linear maximal monotone operator on a Hilbert space of
functions $H$, the coefficients $F$ and $B$ sati... |
1,941,325,220,325 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Relativistic field theories of gauge symmetry type can be formulated as constrained Hamiltonian systems.
Using a \( (1 + 3) \)-decomposition of spacetime, the four dimensional field equations usually split into hyperbolic evolution equations and elliptic constraint equations for the Cauchy data.... |
1,941,325,220,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the problem of embedding a tree $T$ in a given graph $G$.
Formally, we look for an injective map $f:V(T) \rightarrow V(G)$ which
preserves the edges. We do not require that non-edges are mapped to non-edges,
i.e. the copy of $T$ in $G$ need not be induced. Our goal is to find
suffici... |
1,941,325,220,327 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Sensitive tests of strong interaction dynamic models are provided
by polarization measurements.
The largest amount of discussions have been stimulated by the polarized
deep inelastic lepton nucleon scattering (DIS) measurements~\cite{DIS}.
These results suggest that the angular momentum of the ... |
1,941,325,220,328 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\underline{G}$ be the identity component of the group of biholomorphisms of a
irreducible bounded symmetric domain $\underline{\mathcal{D}}$.
The scalar holomorphic discrete series of $\underline{G}$ can be realised in the space of
holomorphic functions on this domain. By reproducing kern... |
1,941,325,220,329 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{intro}
In the present paper, we address the problem of quantum interference between
the magnetic substates of the hyperfine structure ($F$) states pertaining to
different fine structure ($J$) states of a given term, in the presence of
magnetic fields of arbitrary strength covering the Hanl... |
1,941,325,220,330 | arxiv | \section{Singlet free energies}
We did finite temperature lattice calculations in 3- and (2+1)- flavor QCD in the region of small quark masses.
In the case
of 2+1 flavor QCD we used two light quark masses $m_q=0.1m_s$ and $0.2m_s$ with $m_s$ being the strange quark mass.
In the case of degenerate three flavors the ... |
1,941,325,220,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Keystroke dynamics is a behavioral biometric trait aimed to recognize individuals based on their typing habits. The velocity of pressing and releasing different keys \cite{Banerjee}, the hand postures during typing \cite{Buschek}, and the pressure exerted when pressing a key \cite{10.1007/978-3-0... |
1,941,325,220,332 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions and Outlook}\label{sec::summary_outlook}
This contribution proposes the first 3D beam-to-beam interaction model for molecular interactions such as electrostatic, van der Waals (vdW) or repulsive steric forces between curved slender fibers undergoing large deformations.
While the general model is no... |
1,941,325,220,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of ``Lie poset algebras" was initiated by Coll and Gerstenhaber in \textbf{\cite{CG}}, where the deformation theory of such algebras was investigated. The authors define Lie poset algebras as subalgebras of $A_{n-1}=\mathfrak{sl}(n)$ which lie between the subalgebras of upper-triangular... |
1,941,325,220,334 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper continues to develop the line of ideas in \cite{Pspins, HEPS, AP, 1RSB}, which are all motivated by the M\'ezard-Parisi formula for the free energy in the diluted spin glass models originating in \cite{Mezard}. This formula is closely related to the original Parisi formula \cite{Paris... |
1,941,325,220,335 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In natural environments such as oceans and lakes, bacteria and other microbes navigate chemical landscapes that can change dramatically over the timescales relevant to their motility \cite{taylor:2012}. Such environments differ in fundamental ways from the static chemical gradients typically co... |
1,941,325,220,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect1}
The Wigner crystal \cite{wigner} appears when the energy
of Coulomb repulsion between
charges of same sign becomes dominant comparing
to kinetic energy of charge motion.
On a one-dimensional (1D) straight line this crystal can move ballistically
as a whole at an arbitrary small ve... |
1,941,325,220,337 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum annealing (QA) attempts to exploit quantum fluctuations to solve computational problems faster than it is possible with classical computers \cite{kadowaki_quantum_1998,Brooke1999,brooke_tunable_2001,farhi_quantum_2001,morita:125210,RevModPhys.80.1061,EPJ-ST:2015}. As an approach designed... |
1,941,325,220,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Radio pulsars~\citep{Hewish-1968} are rapidly rotating neutron stars whose physical facets differ strongly from those encountered on Earth: pulsars have, for example, magnetic fields that are twelve orders of magnitude stronger than those of Earth; yet they are three orders of magnit... |
1,941,325,220,339 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Within the Lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmological model, galaxies form from gas that collapses in the center of gravitationally bound dark matter (DM) halos~\citep{White1978}. Galaxies do not form, however, in every halo. In the absence of external heating sources, ... |
1,941,325,220,340 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero
and $k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the standard graded polynomial ring in
$n$ variables. Given a degree $d$ form $F$ the {\it Waring Problem
for Polynomials} asks for the least value of $s$ for which there
exist linear forms $L_1,\ldots,L_s... |
1,941,325,220,341 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
\subsection{Natural Gas Compressor Stations and Cancer Mortality}
During the last several decades, the United States (US) has witnessed a sharp increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, which now accounts for 1-1.5\% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases \citep{pellegriti2013worl... |
1,941,325,220,342 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The \emph{dynamic path-planning} problem consists in finding a suitable
plan for each new configuration of the environment by recomputing a
collision free path using the new information available at each time step~\cite{Hwang92}.
This kind of problem can be found for example by a robot trying to... |
1,941,325,220,343 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the field of biology, medicine, social science, economy, and many other disciplines, the representation of relevant problems through complex graphs of interrelated concepts and entities motivates the increasing interest of the scientific community towards Network Representation Learning~\cite... |
1,941,325,220,344 | arxiv | \subsection{Duality Reviewed} For the sake of completeness
we recall the formal definition
of a duality. We assume sufficient familiarity with category theory.
A convenient reference is \cite{book3}, pp.\ 745--818.
\msk
Let
$\cal A$ and $\cal B$ be categories and consider two
contravariant functors (see \cit... |
1,941,325,220,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study the binary quasiorder on semigroups.
Every semigroup carries many important quasiorders (for example, those generated by the Green relations). One of them is the binary quasiorder $\lesssim$ defined as follows. Given two elements $x,y$ of a semigroup $X$ we write $x\les... |
1,941,325,220,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1984 Donaldson \cite{Don84} showed that the moduli space of $SU(r)$-instantons on $\mathbb{R}^4$ is isomorphic to the moduli space of rank $r$ holomorphic vector bundles on the complex projective plane $\mathbb{P}^2$ which are {\em framed} on a line at infinity, i.e.~which are trivial when res... |
1,941,325,220,347 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
The notion of Galois extension asssociated to a Hopf algebra $H$ was introduced in 1981 by Kreimer and Takeuchi in the following way: let $A$ be a right $H$-comodule algebra with
coaction $\rho_{A}(a)=a_{(0)}\otimes a_{(1)}$, then the extension
$A^{coH}\hookrightarrow A$, where $A^{coH}=\{a\in... |
1,941,325,220,348 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The space $\mathcal Q(G)$ of real-valued quasimorphisms on a group $G$ and its subspace $\mathcal H(G)$ of real-valued homogeneous quasimorphisms are classical objects of
study in analytic and geometric group theory (see e.g. \cite{BargeGhys,FujiwaraEtAl, BestvinaFujiwara, Brooks,BuMo1,BuMo2, Eps... |
1,941,325,220,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of main results}\label{Sec:Intro}
Multiple zeta values are natural generalizations of the Riemann zeta values. Let $\mathbb{N}$ be the set of positive integers. For any $d\in\mathbb{N}$ and any multi-index $\mathbf{k}=(k_1,\ldots,k_d)\in\mathbb{N}^d$ with $k_1\geqslant 2$, the mu... |
1,941,325,220,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{definition}
Prime Numbers are those numbers which appear on the number line and are divisible by only 1 and the number itself. Hence these numbers have only two factors.
\end{definition}
In this paper we have presented a multivariate polynomial function termed as factor elimination functio... |
1,941,325,220,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite significant progress in recent years, autonomy in traffic still remains a challenging problem.
Within this area, single-lane car following is arguably a fundamental task tackled by automotive manufacturers.
It is widely known that human car-following is inherently sub-optimal.
Historical... |
1,941,325,220,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To gather feedback about computer systems' running state, it is a common practice for developers to insert logging statements inside the source code to have running programs' internal state and variables written to log files.
This logging process enables developers and system administrators to an... |
1,941,325,220,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The idea of applying physics methods to social phenomena goes back centuries
ago, e.g. with the first (unsuccessful) attempt to establish mortality tables,
involving astronomer Halley, the ``sociology'' of Auguste Comte who taught
analysis and mechanics around 1840, or the 1869 book by Quetelet ... |
1,941,325,220,354 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a gamble on a binary event, say, that Obama will win the 2012
US Presidential election, where every $x$ dollars risked earns $x b$ dollars in
net profit if the gamble pays off. How many dollars $x$ of your wealth should you
risk if you believe the probability is $p$? The gamble is favora... |
1,941,325,220,355 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A series of recent achievements \cite{Delft,Vienna,Boulder} have convincingly demonstrated that Bell's Inequalities (BI) are violated, and that all previous ``loopholes" can be closed, provided that they are experimentally testable \cite{Bell-EPR,aaview}. One can thus conclude that Bell's Hy... |
1,941,325,220,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given an integer $n \in \Zp$ and some numbers $\alpha,\beta \in \R$ such that $\alpha<\beta$, a sequence of real numbers $(a_i)_{i = 1}^k$ is said to \textbf{fluctuate at
least $n$ times} across the interval $(\alpha,\beta)$ if there are indexes $1 \leq i_0 < i_1 < \dots < i_n
\leq k$ such
th... |
1,941,325,220,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{intro}}
It is now 27 years since Bethe et al. 1979
(denoted as BBAL) was published. At that time we thought the
supernova problem to be solved. Although a tremendous amount of
work, much of it numerical, has gone on and even more is going on
now, the better the physics input, the further th... |
1,941,325,220,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many attempts to quantize gravity lead to the inclusion of higher-curvature corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action. An understanding of the effects of these higher-curvature corrections on different types of solutions is therefore of significant interest. However, it is generally difficult t... |
1,941,325,220,359 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment}}{\par\addvspace{12pt}
}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}[section]
\newtheorem{proposizione}{Proposition}[section]
\newtheorem{corollario}{Corollary}[section]
\newtheorem{osservazione}{Osservazione}[section]
\newtheorem{risultato}{Risultato}
\title
{{A Phenomenological model of Myosin~\mbox{II}\ dynam... |
1,941,325,220,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Operator Product Expansion for scattering amplitudes \cite{Basso:2013vsa,Alday:2010ku} of planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the dual language of the
Wilson loop stretched on a null polygonal contour in superspace \cite{Alday:2007hr,Drummond:2007cf,Brandhuber:2007yx,CaronH... |
1,941,325,220,361 | arxiv | \section{{\bf Introduction:}}
Black holes are one of the most fascinating parts of theoretical, astrophysical and cosmological physics ever since Einstein's discovery of the theory of general relativity of gravitation. They are very important members of the universe. Because of their huge gravitational force no objects... |
1,941,325,220,362 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Buildings are responsible for approximately 32\% of global energy use and 19\% of CO$_2$ emissions and their longevity as well as the ability to reduce these values have made it a significant priority for emissions reduction \citep{IPCC2018}. In this context, the ability to manage ... |
1,941,325,220,363 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Introduction of the model}
We denote by $\mathbb{N}$ the set of positive integers, and by $\mathbb{N}_0$ the set of non-negative integers. A plane partition is a double sequence of non-increasing integers whith a finite number of non-zero elements. More precisely, $\pi=(\pi_{i,j})_{i,... |
1,941,325,220,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In the past there were several attempts to model causality. Yet, there exists no mathematical definition of this notion. Loosely understood is such a relationship between a cause $\xi$ and its effect $\eta$. The usual dependence relationship between $\xi$ and $\eta$ is symmetric... |
1,941,325,220,365 | arxiv | \section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
When programming the small devices that constitutes the nodes of
the Internet of Things (IoT), one has to adapt to the limitations of
these devices.
Apart from their very limited processing power (especially compared to
the current personal computers, and even mobile devices like sm... |
1,941,325,220,366 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Complex, non-additive genetic interactions are common and can be
critical in determining phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies
(GWAS) and similar statistical studies of linkage data, however,
assume additive models of gene interactions in looking for
associations between genotype and phenotype... |
1,941,325,220,367 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The theory of cosmological inflation \cite{1} represents an awesome solution
to the long-standing conundrums affecting the standard cosmology, i.e.
the flatness problem, the horizon problem and the monopole problem. Inflation also provides a natural explanation
for the seeds, name... |
1,941,325,220,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The ability to design new materials with desired properties is crucial to the
development of new technology. The design of Silicon and Lithium-ion based
materials are well known examples which led to the proliferation of consumer
hand-held devices today. Materials discovery h... |
1,941,325,220,369 | arxiv | \section{Geodesics on a static, negatively curved space}
The most familiar description of the metric in an open universe is in
hyperbolic coordinates
\begin{equation}
ds^2=-dt^2+dr^2+\sinh ^2r\left( d\theta ^2+\sin ^2\theta d\phi ^2\right) \ \
. \label{stat}
\end{equation}
However, the geodesics can be found more si... |
1,941,325,220,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ambj\o{}rn, Boulatov, Durhuus, Jonsson, and others
have worked to develop a three-dimensional analogue of the
simplicial quantum gravity theory, as provided for two
dimensions by Regge \cite{REGGE}. (See \cite{ADJ} and \cite{REGGE1}
for surveys.) The discretized version of
quantum gravity cons... |
1,941,325,220,371 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Perturbation theory can be a frustrating tool for field theorists. Sometimes, it provides
extremely accurate answers, sometimes it is not even qualitatively correct. In recent
years, our main goal has been to construct
modified perturbative series which are converging and accurate. As briefly ... |
1,941,325,220,372 | arxiv | \section{Bar construction and Koszul duality for operads}
In this section, we recall the definition of the reduced bar construction and the definition of Koszul duality for operads. For more details and references, we refer the reader to \cite{Benoit}.
\subsection{Augmentation ideal of an operad}
The {\it identity ope... |
1,941,325,220,373 | arxiv |
\section{The ATLAS experiment}
\label{sec:atlasdet}
The ATLAS detector is described in detail elsewhere \cite{Aad:2008zzm}.
The main system used for this analysis is the calorimeter, divided into electromagnetic and hadronic parts.
The lead/liquid-argon (LAr) electromagnetic calorimeter is split into three regions:\f... |
1,941,325,220,374 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
Let $n$ be a positive integer, $G$ be a multiplicative group and let $\pmb{\nu}=(\nu_1,\ldots,\nu_n)$ be in $G^n$. We say that $\pmb{\nu}$ is multiplicatively dependent if there is a non-zero vector $\mathbf{k}=(k_1,\ldots,k_n)\in \mathbb{Z}^n$ for which
\begin{equation}... |
1,941,325,220,375 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\setcounter{footnote}{1}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\theoremstyle{plain}
\usepackage{thmtools,thm-restate}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{tikz-cd}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\newcommand{\comment}[1]{}
\newcommand{\bydef}{\s... |
1,941,325,220,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lorentz invariance (LI) of physical laws is one of the corner
stone of modern physics. There is a number of experiments
confirming this symmetry at energies we can approach now. For
example, on a classical level, the rotation invariance has been
tested in Michelson-Morley experiments, and the bo... |
1,941,325,220,377 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SEC1}
Consider the convex polynomial optimization problem
\begin{equation*}
\begin{array}{crl}
(P_0) & \inf & f(x) \\
& s.t. & g_i(x)\leq 0,\ i=1,\ldots,m,
\end{array}
\end{equation*}
where $f$ and $g_i$'s are convex polynomials.
The model problem $(P_0)$ admits a h... |
1,941,325,220,378 | arxiv |
\subsection{Notation}
\label{subsec:notation}
We first define the notation that will be used in the sequel; see Table~\ref{table:notation} for quick reference. We denote the $N$ SI frames by $\mathbf{S}^{1}, \ldots, \mathbf{S}^{N}$, one of which is guaranteed to be available at the decoder buffer when M-frame $\mathb... |
1,941,325,220,379 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nuclear reactors are the most intense man-made sources of antineutrinos, and they were involved in neutrino physics from their first detection. Since then, they have been a key component in the study of neutrino properties - most importantly the study of neutrino oscillations. In particular, the ... |
1,941,325,220,380 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Open-domain question answering (OpenQA) aims to answer factual open questions with a large external corpus of passages. Current approaches to OpenQA usually adopt a two-stage retriever-reader paradigm~\cite{chen2017reading, zhu2021retrieving} to fetch the final answer span. The ... |
1,941,325,220,381 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
The study of the phase diagram of fundamental--adjoint pure gauge systems,
\begin{equation}
S = \beta_f \sum_{P} [1 - \frac{1}{N} {\rm Re} {\rm Tr} U_{P} ]
+ \beta_a \sum_{P} [1 - \frac{1}{N^2} {\rm Tr} U^\dagger_{P} {\rm Tr}
U_{P}] ,
\label{eq:aaction}
\end{equation}
in the... |
1,941,325,220,382 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To study the linear polarization of asteroids and other point source objects,
the Dual-Beam Imaging Polarimeter (DBIP) was commissioned in March of 2007
\citep{JRM_dbip}. In August of 2007 we expanded DBIP's capabilities to
include analysis of circular polarization with the addition of a quarter... |
1,941,325,220,383 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In this paper, we investigate how the two notions of
\emph{Grothendieck bifibration} and of \emph{Quillen model category}
may be suitably combined together.
We are specifically interested in the situation of a Grothendieck
bifibration $p\from \cat{E}\to\cat{B}$ where the basis
category~$\cat{B... |
1,941,325,220,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We often assume random order arrival in theoretical studies of
online algorithms to obtain much better performance guarantees than under worst-case assumptions. This means that we have full randomness knowledge about an instance before it is handed to an algorithm. In practice, however,
often th... |
1,941,325,220,385 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Much interest has been generated recently in lattice models for euclidean
quantum gravity based on dynamical triangulations
\cite{mig3,amb3,gross,mig4,amb4,brug4,us4,smit4}.
The study of these models was prompted by the success
of the same approach in the case of two dimensions, see for exampl... |
1,941,325,220,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The degenerate parabolic equation
\begin{equation}\label{0.0}
h_t + (h^n h_{xxx} )_x = 0
\end{equation}
arises in description of the evolution of the height $y = h(t,x)$ of
a liquid film which spreads over a solid surface ($y = 0$) under the
action of the surface tension and viscosity in lubr... |
1,941,325,220,387 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Crystal plasticity involves important features on multiple spatial and temporal scales ranging from atomistic processes to, e.g.,\ the grain structure of a specimen. Understanding and modeling such a rich phenomenon requires a multiscale approach, where different level models rely on inputs from... |
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