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1,941,325,220,488
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Large-area sky surveys, both on-going and planned, are revolutionizing our understanding of galaxy evolution. The Dark Energy Survey (DES; \citealt{DES2005}) and upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST; \citealt{LSST2012}) will scan vast swaths of the sky and creat...
1,941,325,220,489
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The way in which atoms vibrate around their equilibrium positions as a function of temperature is of fundamental importance for a range of physical properties of solids, for example thermal expansion, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and superconductivity. These vibrations c...
1,941,325,220,490
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} A system in thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings can be described using three macroscopic variables corresponding to the thermal, mechanical, and the chemical equilibrium. For each fixed value of these macroscopic variables (macrostate) we have many possible microscopic...
1,941,325,220,491
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Instance segmentation is one of the fundamental tasks in computer vision. While significant progress has been witnessed in instance segmentation of images \cite{he2017mask,tian2020conditional,wang2020solo,SoloV22020,chen2020blendmask,wang2020centermask}, much less effort was spent on segmenti...
1,941,325,220,492
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since their introduction in 1974 \cite{Nygren}, time projection chambers (TPCs) have proved to be one of the most effective ways of detecting particles and reconstructing their trajectories. The versatility of these devices, being compatible with $B$-fields, allowing readout flexibility and a wi...
1,941,325,220,493
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction section} \subsection{Preliminary description of results} Let $d\ge2$ be an integer and let $X\overset{\on{def}}{=} \operatorname{SL}_d(\mathbb{R})/\operatorname{SL}_d(\mathbb{Z})$ denote the space of unimodular lattices in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Let $A<\operatorname{SL}_d(\mathbb{R})$...
1,941,325,220,494
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{} After the initial discoveries of superconductivity in Fe-based superconductors, first in LaFePO with $T_c\approx4$ K \cite{Kamihara2006LaFePO} and then in LaFeAs(O$_{1-x}$F$_x$) with $T_c \approx 26$ K \cite{Kamihara2008LaFeAsFO}, $T_c$ as high as 55 K has been reported in SmFeAs(O$_...
1,941,325,220,495
arxiv
\section{Relationship with local and global spectral graph partitioning} \label{sxn:local-partitioning} \vspace{-2mm} In this section, we briefly describe the connections between our results and global and local versions of spectral partitioning, which were a starting point for this work. The idea of spectral clust...
1,941,325,220,496
arxiv
\subsection{Contracts with Trace Vulnerabilities} \label{sec:bugs} While trace vulnerabilities are a broader class, we our focus attention on three example properties to check of contract traces. Specifically, we flag contracts which (a) can be killed by arbitrary addresses, (b) have no way to release Ether after a c...
1,941,325,220,497
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of results} To state our results, we first recall from \cite{GMTW} the definition of the $d$-dimensional cobordism category. Let us give the definition in outline here, and in full detail in \S\ref{sec:CobordismCategoryDefinition}. A tangential structure is a fibration $\theta: \ma...
1,941,325,220,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Galaxies and their supermassive black holes are linked in their evolution, resulting in surprisingly tight observational correlations between parameters such as supermassive black hole mass, stellar velocity dispersion, and host galaxy mass (\citealt{HE14.1} for a review). Active ...
1,941,325,220,499
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1927, S. N. Bernstein proved that the only entire minimal graphs in $\mathbb{R}^3$ are planes. The analogous problem in higher dimension is known as Bernstein problem. Namely, given $u: \mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}$ a minimal graph, is the graph of $u$ a flat hyperplane? It turns out tha...
1,941,325,220,500
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Planets form in gaseous and dusty protoplanetary disks around young stars a few million years old. Forming planets gravitationally interact with the host disk, producing structures such as gaps, spiral arms, and vortices \citep{kley12}. By comparing observations with theoretical models, spatially...
1,941,325,220,501
arxiv
\section{Compare two lowest states with $\Omega$ value of 5/2 and 7/2 on RASSI level of theory} Recently, the highly resolution spectra of IrO has been studied by Pang \textit{et al.} (J. Phys. Chem. A, 116, 9379, 2013) and Adam \textit{et al.} (J. Mol. Spectrosc., 286,46,2013). Both of these studies determined that t...
1,941,325,220,502
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Overview} \label{Sec:intro} This paper presents measurements of jet properties in proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at a center of mass energy of $7 \ {\rm TeV}$ at the CERN LHC using the ATLAS detector. Jets are identified and their momenta measured using the calorimeters. Charged particles...
1,941,325,220,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Orbital period variation (OPV) of post-common envelope binaries has become a powerful tool to search for circumbinary planets \citep[see, e.g.][]{2009AJ.137.3181L,Beuermann+2010,2010MNRAS.401L.34Q,Almeida+2013,Almeida+2019}, as well as to investigate intrinsic phenomena of th...
1,941,325,220,504
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{} The problem of convergence of discrete-time financial models to the models with continuous time is well developed; see, e.g., \cite{Broad,Ch,Cutl,delbaen,duff,HZ,Hu-Sc}. The reason for such an interest can be explained as follows: from the analytical point of view, it is much simpler ...
1,941,325,220,505
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent observations \cite{castao_metastable_2003,kunz_field_2009,klaui_head-to-head_2008} in thin ferromagnetic stripes show magnetization configurations in which the magnetization makes a full $2\pi$ turn in a localized region of the stripe, while the rest of the stripe is magnetized paralle...
1,941,325,220,506
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Applications using information on the user location are rapidly spreading, also to ensure that some services are obtained only in pre-determined areas. In order to establish the user position we can rely on the device itself, requested to report the position provided by its GPS module. Howeve...
1,941,325,220,507
arxiv
\section*{Appendix A} \def\theequation{A.\arabic{equation}} \setcounter{equation}0 In the appendix we describe the notation and definitions of geometric quantities used in the paper. We use a smooth principal bundle which is an ordered sequence \beq{A.0} \ul P=(P,F,G,E,\pi), \end{equation} where $P$ is a total...
1,941,325,220,508
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we will study the dynamics of a collection of particles which interact pairwise and which moves along the real line. We will also suppose that when particles collide, they undergo perfectly inelastic collisions. The equations of motion for this type of physical system are the {\...
1,941,325,220,509
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many problems tackled by genetic programming (GP), each individual is evaluated on a number of different \textit{test cases} to determine how well it solves the problem. In order to determine which individuals perform better and should be selected as parents, we calculate a \textit{fitness er...
1,941,325,220,510
arxiv
\section{Introduction} On 4 July 2005 UT, the Deep Impact spacecraft impacted comet 9P/Tempel 1. The goal of the impact experiment was to expose deep layers of the comet nucleus to study the chemical composition of those layers and to ascertain the structural properties of the nucleus. Comets are the remnant building...
1,941,325,220,511
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent observational evidence of intergalactic magnetic fields from $\gamma$-ray observations of blazars and constraints imposed by CMB power spectrum suggest the existence of magnetic fields created in the early Universe \cite{1,2,3,4,5}. Interesting theoretical models have been proposed to e...
1,941,325,220,512
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Deformation of structure theories is useful to formalize quantum physics. The algebraic structure considered by classical mechanics is the associative commutative algebra of smooth functions over a symplectic, or more generally, a Poisson manifold. Deformation quantization consists to construct...
1,941,325,220,513
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Preliminaries: Conformal symmetry} The techniques of conformal field theory (CFT) \cite{DiFrancesco:1997nk, Blumenhagen:2009zz} have been central to our understanding of various diverse subjects including the theory of phase transitions in statistical physics, the understanding of ...
1,941,325,220,514
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Sigma$ be a compact orientable hyperbolic surface whose boundary, if any, is geodesic, and let $G$ denote its fundamental group. By a standard generating set $S$ for $G$ we mean the following: when $G$ is free (i.e. when $\partial \Sigma \neq \emptyset$) $S$ is a free basis for $G$. Other...
1,941,325,220,515
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{Ca1}, the author considered the orbit configuration space \(\Conf_n^G(M)\) associated to a free action of a finite group \(G\) on a manifold \(M\), \[ \Conf_n^G(M) := \{(m_i) \in M^n \mid m_i \ne g m_j \,\forall g \in G\}. \] The cohomology \(H^i(\Conf_n^G(M); \mathbb{Q})\) is a represen...
1,941,325,220,516
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} Let $\pi=\pi_1(K)$ be the fundamental group of a CW complex $K$. By $u^K:K\to B\pi=K(\pi,1)$ we denote a map that classifies the universal covering $\Wi K$ of $K$. We refer to $u^K$ as a {\em classifying map} for $K$. We note that a map $f:K\to B\pi$ is a classifying map if and only if it ...
1,941,325,220,517
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmological models are constructed in recent times to account for the predicted late time cosmic acceleration usually by incorporating possible dark energy candidates in the field equations or by modifying the geometrical part of the action. Amidst the debate that, whether dark energy exists o...
1,941,325,220,518
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) is an interacting particle system with diffusion, pair annihilation ($2 A \rightarrow 0$), and creation of particles by pairs ($2 A \rightarrow 3 A$). The PCPD was first introduced in 1982 by Grassberger~\cite{G1982}, but had remained unnoticed in ...
1,941,325,220,519
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a $k$-uniform hypergraph (or $k$-graph) $H$, the \emph{Tur\'an function} (or \emph{extremal number}) $\textup{ex}(n,H)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $H$-free $n$-vertex $k$-uniform hypergraph. The \emph{Tur\'an density} of $H$, denote by $\pi(H)$, is the scaled limit \[ \pi(H)=\l...
1,941,325,220,520
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The Korteweg--de Vries hierarchy (or KdV) is a sequence of pairwise commuting partial differential equations first discovered by A.\! Lenard in 1967. Each equation admits a Lax pair as follows \cite{Lax68}. Let a function $u$ which depends on infinitely many variables indexed by odd integers $\...
1,941,325,220,521
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:qhe}A class of quantum heat engines} Our quantum heat engines are just two-level quantum systems, which are the quantum version of the Otto engines~\cite{Arnaud:03}. (They are readily extendable to systems of many discrete energy levels.) They could be realised with coherent macroscopic quantum sys...
1,941,325,220,522
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stochastic processes constitute the basis of virtually all dynamics and therefore are of fundamental importance, in particular in condensed matter physics. There the quantities of interest are dynamic correlation functions, for example via the fundamental fluctuation-dissipation theorem~\cite{Ku...
1,941,325,220,523
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fission has shown to be a relevant mechanism to learn about a wide spectrum of fundamental nuclear properties, as it is driving by both reaction mechanism and nuclear structure aspects \cite{krappe:2012, schmidt:2016}. The importance of fission for applications is obvious also, including nuclea...
1,941,325,220,524
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For both safety and regulation issues, the reliability of industrial systems has to be assessed. The considered systems (dams or nuclear power plants, for instance) are complex dynamic hybrid systems, so only simulation methods can be reasonably considered to assess their reliability. The fail...
1,941,325,220,525
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} \subsection{Introduction} Twisted generalized Weyl (TGW) algebras were introduced by Mazorchuk and Turowska in 1999 \cite{MazTur1999}. They are constructed from a commutative unital ring $\K$, an associative unital $\K$-algebra $R$, a collection of elements $t=\{t_i\}_{i\in I}$ from the center...
1,941,325,220,526
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Temporal action detection is a popular and fundamental problem for video content understanding. This task aims to predict the precise temporal boundaries and categories of each action instance in the videos. Similar to two-stage object detection in images, most temporal action ...
1,941,325,220,527
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:conclusion} Conclusion} \vspace{-1em} A new method for generating electromagnetic waves using the permanent magnet's static magnetic flux has been introduced. By using reluctance modulation, the direction of the magnetic flux and the location of the stored magnetic energy have been changed to create...
1,941,325,220,528
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Confining an equilibrium fluid of particles to length scales on the order of several particle diameters changes both its static and dynamic properties. Classical density functional theory (DFT) can often make reliable predictions concerning the former, but implications of co...
1,941,325,220,529
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Biodiversity has not remained constant nor followed a simple trajectory through geologic time \citep{raup1982, sepkoski1984, gilinsky1994, liow2007, alroy08}. Instead, it has been marked by fluctuations in the richness of taxa, both positive in the case of net origination, or negative in the ...
1,941,325,220,530
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Lawrence-Krammer representation \cite{Lawrence,Krammer,Bigelow2} $\rho_n$ of the braid group $B_n$ into $SL(p,{\Bbb Z}[t^{\pm 1}q^{\pm 1}])$, with $p=n(n-1)/2$, has become recently of interest as the first faithful representation of braid groups. In this paper, we are concerned with the id...
1,941,325,220,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The calculation of gravitational waveforms from the inspiral and merger of binary black holes is a great current challenge to computational relativity with important relevance to LIGO. A three dimensional computer code is now being constructed by the Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge Alliance to...
1,941,325,220,532
arxiv
\section{Basics} Let $\Om\subset\Rn$ be open and non-empty. \begin{definition}\label{d1} A map $L\in L(\Dop)$ is called a Hadamard operator if it admits all monomials as eigenvectors. The set of Hadamard operators we denote by $\cM(\Om)$. \end{definition} Examples of Hadamard operators are the \em Euler ope...
1,941,325,220,533
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Atomic fundamental parameters (FPs) are the basis for the description of light-matter interaction. In the X-ray range the atomic FPs include mass attenuation coefficients, photionization cross-sections, fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig (CK) factors as well as emission line energies, widths and ...
1,941,325,220,534
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} Collisions of heavy nuclei at high energies create a highly dynamical system, which develops some collective behavior over a timescale of order 10\;fm$/c$. The emission pattern of particles in the final state appears to be strongly correlated to the initial system geometry deter...
1,941,325,220,535
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Detailed observation of molecular clouds in the Milky Way \citep{2010ApJ...723.1019H, 2010ApJ...724..687L, 2012ApJ...745..190L,2014ApJ...782..114E,2016ApJ...831...73V} and studies of external galaxies \citep{2004ApJ...606..271G} have shown that star formation is more accurately...
1,941,325,220,536
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0 \nu \beta \beta$) would determine the Majorana nature of the neutrino and would demonstrate that lepton number is not conserved. Additionally, the measurement of a $0 \nu \beta \beta$\ rate will provide information about the absolute scale of ne...
1,941,325,220,537
arxiv
\section{Results} \begin{figure} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth,clip=true]{Figure2.pdf} \end{center} \caption{ \textbf{SrO termination} a) STM image, b) AFM image of the inset marked in (a) with the Sr/O atoms sketched in green/red, and point defects highlighted by the open green circle...
1,941,325,220,538
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The accurate measurement of tip-surface force is central to the development of AFM toward a more quantitative form of microscopy. Determining tip-surface force from steady-state cantilever dynamics, as opposed to static bending, promises greater sensitivity, higher accuracy, and the ability to ...
1,941,325,220,539
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Tremendous strides have been made in estimating the 2D structure of in-the-wild scenes in terms of their constituent objects. While recent work has also demonstrated impressive results in estimating 3D structures, particularly human bodies, the focus is often on bodies~\cite{hmr,kolotouros2019...
1,941,325,220,540
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent observation of gravitational waves (GWs) \cite{Ligo1, Ligo2} has established gravitational wave detection as an exciting new observational tool for cosmological phenomena. Terrestrial optical interferometers are sensitive to gravitational radiation at frequencies above roughly 10 Hz \...
1,941,325,220,541
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Random forests and bagging are some of the most widely used prediction methods~\citep{breiman1996, breiman2001}, and over the course of the past fifteen years, much progress has been made in analyzing their statistical performance~\citep{buhlmannyu,hallsamworth,biau2008,biau20...
1,941,325,220,542
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reverse engineering is important in cyber security for purposes such as analyzing malicious code and finding vulnerabilities in software. The process of reverse engineering involves first gaining an overview of the functions in a given binary, which often requires context of what they do and pri...
1,941,325,220,543
arxiv
\section{Details of experiments} \label{app:empirical} \subsection{Datasets} For $k$-nearest neighbhours, $k$-means and hierarchical clustering, we empirically evaluate the performance of MAB-based algorithms on two real world high-dimensional datasets: tiny-imagenet \citep{imagenet}, and $10x$ single cell RNA-Seq ...
1,941,325,220,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Standard Model (SM) provides a successful description of physics up to the weak scale. However, it provides some 18 parameters which are input by hand to fit experiment data. Most of these input parameters are associated with flavor physics and are included to parameterize the fermion mass ...
1,941,325,220,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Statistical methods for novelty detection are becoming increasingly popular in recent literature. Similar to standard supervised classifiers, these models are trained on a fully labeled dataset and subsequently employed to group unlabeled data. In addition, novelty detectors a...
1,941,325,220,546
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a complete filtered probability space $(\Omega,\F,\FF,P)$ satisfying the usual hypotheses, let $R$ be an optional process of class $(D)$, and consider the optimal stopping problem \begin{equation}\label{os}\tag{OS} \maximize\quad ER_\tau\quad\ovr\quad \tau\in\T, \end{equation} wher...
1,941,325,220,547
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} Persistence is one of the key features a database management system (DBMS) must fulfil. Such features are found in the well-known acronym ACID, where in particular D stands for Durability (i.e., persistence of data along different user sessions) \cite{silberschatz2010...
1,941,325,220,548
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} A wealth of experimental data generated at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have shown that high-$p_T$ hadrons in central A+A collisions are significantly suppressed in comparison with those in binary-scaled p+p collisions \cite{Adcox:2001jp,Adler:2002xw}. Moreover, the disappear...
1,941,325,220,549
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} If there are compact extra dimensions it is then possible to associate 4-dimensional scalars with the {\it extra} components of gauge bosons; these scalars can then be responsible for the breaking of electroweak (EW) symmetry~\cite{Hosotani:1988bm}, playing the same role as the Standard Mod...
1,941,325,220,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let us consider a singular point of a germ of analytic vector field $\bm{X} $ on $({\mathbb C},0)$. If the singular point is simple, then the germ of vector field is analytically linearizable. If the singular point is multiple, also called \emph{parabolic}, then the vector field is analytically ...
1,941,325,220,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of the article is to discuss the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions to the following singular problem: \begin{equation*} (P_\la)\; \left\{\begin{array}{rllll} (-\De)^s u &=u^{-q}+ \la \left(\ds \int_{\Om}\frac{|u|^{2^*_\mu}(y)}{|x-y|^{\mu}}dy\right) |u|^{2^*_\mu-2}u...
1,941,325,220,552
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} We thank Vaibhav Choudhary and Nikhil Gopalkrishnan for informative discussions. \section{Conclusions and Future Work} \label{sec:conclusion} In this paper, we have explored the impact of matching the likelihood function to the noise distribution on estimation accuracy in the context of ...
1,941,325,220,553
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider only finite, non-oriented graphs without loops and multiple edges. We call a $p$-clique of the graph G a set of $p$ vertices, each two of which are adjacent. The largest positive integer $p$, such that the graph G contains a $p$-clique is denoted by $cl(G)$ . We denote by $V(G)$ and...
1,941,325,220,554
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Building Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems historically was an expertise-intensive task and involved a complex pipeline \cite{soltau2005ibm, dahl2012context}, which consists of phonetic decision trees and multiple stages of alignments and model updating. Recently, ther...
1,941,325,220,555
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Public digital randomness is an essential building component for a large spectrum of applications and protocols. For example, a reliable source of continuous randomness providing high entropy, also known as \textit{random beacon}, is crucial for many security applications. A notion of \textit{c...
1,941,325,220,556
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning algorithms have been increasingly used as diagnostic tools in biomedical research\cite{gulshan2016,esteva2017,golden2017}. The widespread availability of smartphones and other health tracking devices generates high volumes of sensor data, and makes machine learning uniquely well...
1,941,325,220,557
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and a fixed invertible element $A$. For a 3-manifold $M$, the {\it (Kauffman bracket) skein module} of $M$ over $R$, denoted by $\mathcal{S}(M;R)$, is defined as the quotient of the free $R$-module generated by framed links (which may be empty) emb...
1,941,325,220,558
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum mechanics was originally developed to account for a number of otherwise unexplained phenomena in the microscopic domain. The scope of the theory was not thought to extend beyond the microscopic. Indeed, the existence of an external, macroscopic, classical domain was felt to be necessary ...
1,941,325,220,559
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Since Poincare's pioneering work, we have had over a hundred years of the profound theory of dynamical systems that allows analyzing tractable models. With the advancement of technology, our ability to record rich and complex data, and forecast it has increased profoundly. Often, machine learnin...
1,941,325,220,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Image steganography is the main content of information hiding. The sender conceal a secret message into a cover image, then get the container image called stego, and finish the secret message's transmission on the public channel by transferring the stego image. Then the receiver part...
1,941,325,220,561
arxiv
\section{Discussion of Bilinear Pooling} \label{appendix:bilinear} In Eq.~\eqref{eq:interaction_embedding}, $g(d_i, m_{i,j})$ uses a form of bilinear pooling to explicitly capture the interaction between the Dx code and the treatment code. The original bilinear pooling~\cite{tenenbaum12emph} derives a scalar feature $...
1,941,325,220,562
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are huge clouds of magnetized plasma that erupt from the solar corona into the interplanetary space. They propagate in the heliosphere with velocities ranging from $20$ to $3200$~km\,s$^{-1}$ with an average speed of $489$~km\,s$^{-1}$, based on S...
1,941,325,220,563
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The magnitude of genetic effects on phenotype depends strongly on genetic background, the effects of the same mutation can be larger in one genetic background and smaller in another. The idea that wild-type genotypes are mutationally robust, i.e.\ show invariance in the face of mutations (more ...
1,941,325,220,564
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} This paper is a follow-up of the study initiated in \cite{DPTVjsp}, \cite{DPTVpro}, where current reservoirs in the context of stochastic interacting particle systems have been proposed as a method to investigate stationary non-equilibrium states with steady currents produced by a...
1,941,325,220,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} Galaxy groups form the environment of the majority of galaxies in the local Universe. Many groups also host an extended hot intra-group medium (IGM) whose radiative cooling appears to fuel, and be stabilised by, AGN feedback from group-central galaxies. The group environment is con...
1,941,325,220,566
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The suggestion that electrons can be supplied one by one by a mesoscopic circuit has been proposed over two decades ago \cite{thouless}. Instead of applying a constant bias voltage to the system, it is possible to supply a.c. gate voltages which perturb the system perio...
1,941,325,220,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most basic operations of linear optics is the interference between two optical modes in a two-path interferometer. In quantum optics, this scenario has been widely studied in the context of quantum metrology, where it serves to illustrate the role of non-classical correlations in the p...
1,941,325,220,568
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The spectrum of excited states has historically given essential information on the nature of any composite quantum system. The careful mapping of the excited states of baryons shines light on the nature of the nonperturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This spectr...
1,941,325,220,569
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations have suggested that the radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can play an important role in feedback, and thus have a significant impact on galaxy evolution, with AGN outflows being responsible for controlling or terminating star formation \citep[SF; e.g.][]{2009Natur.460..213C,2...
1,941,325,220,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Situations where observation data are generated by different mechanisms in different contexts appear frequently in various scientific phenomena. Because of this reason, supervised machine learning models for predicting physical properties of materials still get frequently outm...
1,941,325,220,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Suppose that we are given a finite simple graph $\Gamma = (V,E)$ and we are asked to count its number of \emph{independent sets}. An independent set is a subset $I \subseteq V$ such that $(v,v') \notin E$ (i.e., $(v,v')$ is not an edge) for all $v,v' \in I$. For example, if $\Gamma$ is the $4$-c...
1,941,325,220,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The Index Coding problem, introduced by Birk and Kol \cite{BK} considers a system with a source and multiple receivers communicating via a noiseless broadcast channel where each receiver can have some prior knowledge about a few source symbols before the start of transmission. Th...
1,941,325,220,573
arxiv
\section{\textbf{Introduction}} C.R. Rao introduced his famous metric \cite{CRRao1949} in 1949 for measuring distances between probability densities arising from population parameters. This was later called by others the Rao distance (see, for example, \cite{AtkinsonSankhya1981,Rios-}). There are several articles avai...
1,941,325,220,574
arxiv
\section{Introduction: the penguin role} Since the relevance of the penguin amplitudes was well established by the CLEO experiment about ten years ago~\cite{cleo}, penguin--dominated processes become more and more attractive despite their theoretical complexity and experimental rareness. The possibility to access to Ne...
1,941,325,220,575
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Algebraic solution to the discrete Toda equation} The Toda equation \[ \frac{d}{dt^2}\log(1+V_n(t))=V_{n+1}(t)-2V_n(t)+V_{n-1}(t) \] was proposed as a model equation of motion in a one-dimensional lattice of particles with the nearest neighbor interaction~\cite{toda1967wave}...
1,941,325,220,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Low-frequency continuum radio emission from galaxies originates in the synchrotron process, with the two sources of energy for the required high-energy electrons and positrons being supernovae and their remnants (in star-forming galaxies) or the activity of radio-loud active ...
1,941,325,220,577
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace{-0.35cm} Acoustic-to-articulatory inversion (AAI) \cite{C1} mainly solves the problem of deriving the pronunciation parameters of key organs from speech audio. In recent years, it has played an important role in many fields, such as pronunciation guidance \cite{C2} and s...
1,941,325,220,578
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many physical processes can naturally be represented as \emph{passive systems}, i.e., dynamical systems that do not internally produce energy. This system class has been studied in great detail in the seminal works \cite{Wil71,Wil72,Wil72a} where various system theoretic characterizations ha...
1,941,325,220,579
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{D}{ue} to the intrinsic characteristics of wireless channels, i.e., broadcast and superposition, wireless networks are vulnerable to jamming attacks (also referred as to interference attacks), and it is difficult to protect transmitted signals from unauthorized recipients~\cite{PLSs...
1,941,325,220,580
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The characterization and quantification of quantum correlations in composite quantum systems is one of the most challenging topics in quantum information theory \cite{Nielsen,Bellac}. The interest in this field is motivated by the fact that entanglement can be used as useful resource for fundame...
1,941,325,220,581
arxiv
\subsection{Generalised Wilson ratio} Our results in the following reveal that in both lattices and within the SL regime $s(T)$ and $\chi_0(T)$ are very similar in a broad range of $T$. In this respect very convenient quantity is $T$-dependent generalized Wilson ratio $R(T)$, defined as \begin{equation} R= 4 \pi^2 T...
1,941,325,220,582
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This demo file is intended to serve as a ``starter file'' for IEEE Computer Society conference papers produced under \LaTeX\ using IEEEtran.cls version 1.8b and later. I wish you the best of success. \hfill mds \hfill August 26, 2015 \subsection{Subsection Heading Here} Subsection text here....
1,941,325,220,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Multilevel control attracts intensive research as a systematic tool for control of real plants with respect to high-level target while adhering to the local constraints \citep{Tat08Advanced}. The upper levels are usually concerned with plant-wide steady state objectives with low rat...
1,941,325,220,584
arxiv
\subsection*{Abstract} Repackaging is a technique that has been increasingly adopted by authors of Android malware. The main problem facing the research community working on devising techniques to detect this breed of malware is the lack of ground truth that pinpoints the malicious segments grafted within benign apps. ...
1,941,325,220,585
arxiv
\section*{Methods} \subsection{Details of the experiment} The granular medium was made of a number $N \in [300,2600]$ of spheres of diameter $d=4$ mm made of non-magnetic steel (mass of each sphere: $0.267$ g), glass (mass $0.0854$ g), or delrin\textsuperscript{\textregistered} (mass $0.0462$ g). They were housed in ...
1,941,325,220,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many e-commerce websites provide a wide range of products to the users. The users commonly have different needs and tastes based on which they buy the products. Providing the most appropriate products to the users make the buying process efficient and improves the user satisfaction. The enhanced...
1,941,325,220,587
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let us say that a transitive model of $\ZF$ is a \emph{$\ZF$-ground}, or simply a \emph{ground}, of $V$ if $V$ is a generic extension of the model. If a ground satisfies $\AC$, the Axiom of Choice, then it is a \emph{$\ZFC$-ground}. In $\ZFC$, Fuchs-Hamkins-Reitz \cite{FHR} studied the struc...