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1,941,325,220,388
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Jets are one of the most common objects appearing in proton-proton colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. They are defined as collimated bunches of high-energy particles, which emerge from the interactions of quarks and gluons, the fundamental constit...
1,941,325,220,389
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum entanglement describes non-classical correlations of multipartite quantum systems~\cite{Horodecki}. It can appear between the parties' internal (\eg spin) degree of freedom (dof), or between their external (\eg spatial modes) dof. One usually refers to these two cases as particle or mode ...
1,941,325,220,390
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Frobenius algebras play an important role in the study of topological quantum field theory (TQFT). In particular, commutative Frobenius algebras are known to classify $2$-dimensional TQFTs \cites{abrams, dijkgraaf:thesis, kock-book}. Noncommutative Frobenius algebras appear in the classification...
1,941,325,220,391
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last years, \emph{sparsity} has been a key model in machine learning, signal processing, and statistics. While sparsity modelling is powerful, \emph{structured sparsity} models further exploit domain knowledge by characterizing the interdependency between the non-zero coefficients of ...
1,941,325,220,392
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Suppose that $W$ is a finite complex reflection group acting on the complex vector space $V$. Let $\A = \A(W)$ be the associated hyperplane arrangement of the reflecting hyperplanes of $W$. Then $\A$ is free, \cite{Terao1980}. There are several stronger notions of freeness. In this paper we are...
1,941,325,220,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sectionIntroduction} The expression \emph{multiple elliptic integral} refers to an integral involving an integrand factor given by the complete elliptic integral of the first kind \begin{equation}\label{Kdefinition} \text{{\bf K}}(k) := \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \left( 1 - k^2 \sin^2 \...
1,941,325,220,394
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \vspace*{-0.4cm} Data throughput and coverage enhancements are of paramount importance in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks \cite{giordani2020toward}. In this context, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received significant attention from academic and indus...
1,941,325,220,395
arxiv
\section{On the numerical simulation of classical spin dynamics} We have carried out numerical simulations of classical spin dynamics using the method introduced in \cite{Bagchi2013}. The latter proves to be superior compared to more standard Euler or Runge-Kutta integration schemes (as e.g. employed in \cite{Li2019})...
1,941,325,220,396
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Global population growth and increasing urbanization require novel economically viable concepts for drinking water treatment and water disposal~\cite{larsen2016emerging}. This challenge includes smart operations, such as data-driven urban water management~\cite{eggimann2017potential}, but also n...
1,941,325,220,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction} Salient object detection from videos plays an important role as a pre-processing step in many computer vision applications such as video re-targeting~\cite{Taoran-ICIP2010}, object detection~\cite{Guo-Neurocomputing2014}, person re-identification~\cite{Zhao-CVPR2013},...
1,941,325,220,398
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning (DL) applications play an increasingly important role in medicine, yet, ``everyone participating in medical image evaluation with machine learning is data starved" \cite{Kohli2017}. When the same imaging technique is used, e.g. confocal microscopy of a specific tissue type with a ma...
1,941,325,220,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Distributed graph algorithms give a formal theoretical framework for studying networks. There is abundant literature on distributed graph algorithms modeling \emph{static} networks, and recently, an increasing amount of work on \emph{dynamic} networks. Yet, our understanding of the interconnectio...
1,941,325,220,400
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The set of all continuous functions, defined on the interval $I$, is denoted by $C(I)$. For any $f\in C([0,1])$, the corresponding \emph{Bernstein operators} are defined as follows: $$B_n(f,x):=\sum_{k=0}^nf(\frac{k}{n})p_{n,k}(x),$$ where \begin{align*}p_{n,k}(x):={n \choose k}x^k(1-x)^{n-k}, \ ...
1,941,325,220,401
arxiv
\section{Introduction} I. K. Daugavet \cite{Daugavet} proved in 1963 that all compact operators $T$ on $C[0,1]$ fulfill the norm identity \begin{equation*} \norm{\mathrm{Id} + T} = 1 + \norm{T}, \end{equation*} which has become known as the \emph{Daugavet equation}. C. Foia{\cb{s} and I. Singer \cite{FoiasSin...
1,941,325,220,402
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} In this paper, we have studied mean-payoff parity games, with an application to finding permissive strategies in parity games with penalties. In particular, we have established that mean-penalty parity games are not harder to solve than mean-payoff parity games: for both kinds of games, the value...
1,941,325,220,403
arxiv
\section{The Flock vision} In this section, we present our vision for {\em Flock\xspace}, a reference architecture to support the canonical data science lifecycle for EGML applications. {\em Flock} is our vehicle to explore assumptions (\S~\ref{sec:vantagepoint}), discover open problems and validate initial solutions...
1,941,325,220,404
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} The rapid time variability of transient black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) provides a unique tool to understand the physical processes like accretion, disk geometry, etc., in the vicinity of the central engine. During X-ray outbursts, BHXRBs undergo various spectral state transi...
1,941,325,220,405
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of the Higgs boson with a mass around 126 GeV, which has been reported by the CMS and ATLAS collaborations \cite{Higgsd1,Higgsd2}, opens up a new era in understanding the origins of the electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking. However, questions regarding the theory behind the observed s...
1,941,325,220,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The development of efficient computational techniques and the growing availablity of computing power over the past three decades have made it possible to simulate the evolution of representative cosmological volumes at high enough resolution to follow the formation...
1,941,325,220,407
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Galaxy merger research has shown how fundamental merging is to galaxy evolution, with historical merger rates generally increasing with galaxy mass \citep{bundy2009greater, schawinski2010role, l2012mass, pillepich2018first}. Distant galaxies (z$\approx$2) are often quoted as being a factor of 2-...
1,941,325,220,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The flux transport dynamo model (FTD) attempts to explain the large-scale evolution of the Sun's magnetic field. The central ideas behind the model are that poloidal flux is wound up by differential rotation until it becomes sufficiently strong that magnetic buoyant flux tubes emerge through the...
1,941,325,220,409
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Since the seminal work by Darwin \cite{Darwin:1859}, the evolution of biological species has been recognized as a complex dynamics involving broad distributions of temporal and spatial scales as well as stochastic effects, giving rise to so-called frozen accidents. There is vas...
1,941,325,220,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Polar codes \cite{arikan2009channel} are the first class of capacity-achieving codes. They are based on the $N \times N$ Arikan polarizing transformation $A^{(N)}=F^{\otimes M}$, $N=2^M$, where $F=\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\1&1\end{pmatrix}$ is called the Arikan kernel. Many other matrices were pr...
1,941,325,220,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Hadamard matrix of order $m$ is a square matrix $[h(i, j)]$ with entries $h(i, j) = \pm 1$, $1 \leq i, j \leq m$, whose row vectors are pairwise orthogonal. A Hadamard matrix must have order $1$, $2$ or a multiple of $4$, but no other restrictions on the order of a Hadamard matrix are known, a...
1,941,325,220,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A celebrated theorem of Hadamard characterises the complex matrices with entries of norm at most one which have maximal determinant: they are precisely the solutions to the matrix equation $HH^{\ast} = nI_{n}$ satisfying $|h_{ij}| = 1$ for all $1 \leq i,j\leq n$. Equivalently, all entries of $H$ ...
1,941,325,220,413
arxiv
\section{\bf Introduction}\label{S:intro} The following theorem is a standard exercise in functional analysis. \begin{thm}\label{T:norm} Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces, let $(T_n)_{n\ge1}$ and $T$ be continuous linear maps from $X$ to $Y$, and let $D$ be a dense subset of~$X$. Then the following statements are eq...
1,941,325,220,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pretraining ever-larger language models (LMs) on massive corpora has led to large improvements in NLP \cite[\emph{i.a.}]{radford2018improving,devlin2018bert,liu2019roberta,raffel2019exploring}. A standard approach is to replace the pretrained model's output layer with a task-specific head and ...
1,941,325,220,415
arxiv
\section{Overview} The production of prompt photons at hadron colliders provides means for testing perturbative QCD predictions, providing a colorless probe of the hard scattering process. The dominant production mechanism of single photons in $pp$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies is $qg\to...
1,941,325,220,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Currently particle physics is in a similar situation as physics was about 120 years ago. Its standard model (SM) can explain successfully most of the low and high energy phenomena and provide predictions that are in agreement with measurements at high precision. Nevertheless, there are also a ...
1,941,325,220,417
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{wrapfigure}[18]{r}{0.50\textwidth} \centering \vspace{-2cm} \includegraphics[width = \linewidth]{figures/gd-ls.pdf} \vspace{-0.75cm} \caption{As the model grows ($x$-axis), the standard deviation (shaded region) in the halting time of gradient descent on random least squ...
1,941,325,220,418
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \emph{Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer}\footnote{\url{https://ixpe.msfc.nasa.gov}} (IXPE), which is a space-based mission selected by the NASA, is expected to be launched in 2021. IXPE will conduct precise polarimetry in the X-ray energy band (between 2 and 8 kilo electronvolts), which is...
1,941,325,220,419
arxiv
\section{Supplemental Material} In the main text we make reference to our setup being described by a generalized Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian \cite{mekhov2012}, where atoms in an optical lattice scatter light, which is treated as a dynamical quantum variable. Here we provide this Hamiltonian, and give a brief description o...
1,941,325,220,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} A 1-dimensional solenoid is the inverse limit space of a sequence of covering maps, \begin{equation}\label{eq-presentation1} {\mathcal S}(\vec{m}) \myeq \underleftarrow{\lim} ~ \{\, q_{\ell}:{\mathbb S}^1 \to {\mathbb S}^1 \mid \ell \geq 1\} \end{equation} where $q_{...
1,941,325,220,421
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Simulation of binary black hole mergers will play an important part in the prediction, detection, and the analysis of signals in gravitational wave detectors. In the usual approach to computing the merger of black holes (generically called the $3+1$ method), one has first to ini...
1,941,325,220,422
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A problem raised by Evans and Ball in the 1980's (see for instance~\cite{Ball2}), and still open in its full generality, is the following: can one approximate a planar bi-Sobolev homeomorphism with diffeomorphisms, or piecewise affine homeomorphisms, in the bi-Sobolev sense? This would be rather...
1,941,325,220,423
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \else \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \fi \IEEEPARstart{T}{his} demo file is intended to serve as a ``starter file'' for IEEE Computer Society journal papers produced under \LaTeX\ using IEEEtran.cls version 1.8b and later. I wish you the best of succe...
1,941,325,220,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the problem of crowdsourced labeling, which has diverse applications in image labeling, video annotation, and character recognition~\cite{raykar2010learning,von2008recaptcha,welinder2010multidimensional}. Workers in the crowdsourcing system are given simple tasks and asked to provide ...
1,941,325,220,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The phase-space formulation of quantum mechanics provides a complete framework that echoes classical statistical mechanics. Quantum states and quantum operators are described within this formulation by continuous functions of the pair of canonical variables $x$ and $p$. These variables traditio...
1,941,325,220,426
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The connection between early cosmology and high energy dates back to the discovery of the expansion of the Universe. Going backwards in time, the Universe contracts and the energy density increases more and more until it eventually reaches Planckian values and General Relativity breaks down. The...
1,941,325,220,427
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{ The Reconstruction Conjecture (RC)} \paragraph*{} The Reconstruction Conjecture (RC) is one of the most celebrated unsolved problems in Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics circles. It was first conjectured by Ulam and Kelly in 1941 as stated in the survey paper by Bondy \cite{b1}....
1,941,325,220,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{I}{}ncrementally described in the form of graph in big data applications, graph are processed in an iterative manner. For example, search services (such as Google~\cite{Google}) use PageRank algorithm to sort results, social networks (such as Facebook~\cite{...
1,941,325,220,429
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(X,\mathcal{T})$ be a topological dynamical system( for short TDS), where $(X,d)$ is a compact metric space with compatible metric $d$ and $\mathcal{T}$ a continuous $L$-action on $X$. The set $\mathcal{M}(X)$ denotes the compact convex set of all Borel probability measures, and $\mathca...
1,941,325,220,430
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the tasks of time series segmentation and modeling. Formally, suppose that we observe a sequence of $T$ input/output pairs, represented as \begin{equation} (x_1,y_1), (x_2, y_2), \ldots, (x_T, y_T) \end{equation} for $x_t \in \mathbb{R}^n$ (which can even includ...
1,941,325,220,431
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Over the past few years, network multiple-input multiple-output (N-MIMO) technique \cite{M.V.Clark} has received significant attention due to its flexibility, power and capacity advantage over the centralized architectures in fifth generation (5G) dense cellular networks...
1,941,325,220,432
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) are the two most massive satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, and the closest example of an interacting pair. They are situated deep inside the gravitational potential of the Galaxy at distances of $\approx 50$ and $60$\ kpc, respectively \citep...
1,941,325,220,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} What does time mean in cosmology? Are there any physical conditions which must be satisfied in order to speak about cosmic time? If so, how far back can time be extrapolated while still maintaining it as a well-defined physical concept? We have studied these questions i...
1,941,325,220,434
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The best results of modern physics are the two theories that describe the fundamental interactions, i.e. Standard Model and General Relativity. However, at the present no satisfying way to unify them is known, especially because of the mathematical and physical difficulties in the development of ...
1,941,325,220,435
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The successful operation of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the ATLAS and CMS experiments have led to the discovery of the Higgs boson, the final piece of the standard model (SM)~\cite{Chatrchyan:2012ufa,Aad:2012tfa} of particle physics. Future high precision experimental investigations...
1,941,325,220,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Linear Schr\"odinger operators $\calH$ of the form $\calH:=-\triangle\,+\,V$ composed of the $d$-dimen\-sio\-nal Laplacian $\triangle$ and a non-negative potential $V$ are an important building block for the mathematical modeling of quantum-physical processes related to ultracold bosonic or ...
1,941,325,220,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In two dimensional systems, applying perpendicular magnetic field strongly modifies the wave function of electrons leading to many interesting phenomena at low temperatures. The fractional quantum Hall effects\cite{Laughlin} are typical example, where incompressible ground states are realized ...
1,941,325,220,438
arxiv
\section{\label{sec1}Introduction} Supersymmetric localization \cite{Banerjee:2009af,Dabholkar:2010uh} has lead to the possibility of evaluating exactly the $\text{AdS}_2$ path integral that computes the quantum entropy \cite{Sen:2008vm} of BPS black holes. This technique has been particularly successful for computi...
1,941,325,220,439
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A thermodynamic system contains a huge number $N$ of interacting particles, with $N$ typically in the order of $10^{23}$ or larger. The microscopic configurations of such a system changes with time in a complicated and stochastic manner under the joint action of internal forces and perturbatio...
1,941,325,220,440
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} One of the most remarkable results in theoretical physics lies in random matrix models \cite{DiFrancesco:1993cyw} whose critical limit by 't Hooft's topological expansion \cite{tHooft:1973alw} provides a universal random geometry as a Brownian map \cite{legall}, which is pro...
1,941,325,220,441
arxiv
\section{introduction} \label{sec_introduction} As one promising scheme of implementing quantum engineering, Floquet dynamics have been widely studied in many quantum systems \cite{goldmanPRX2014,shirley,salzman,dietz and holthaus}. The interest lies in that one can substantially modify the long-time dynamical...
1,941,325,220,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Relationalism and Product-type actions.} Classical physics is usually taken to follow from difference-type actions\footnote{$\Sigma$ is the notion of space of extent (3-space for field theories and trivial for particle theories, for which $\int_{\Sigma}\textrm{d}\Sigma$ is ta...
1,941,325,220,443
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since its invention in 1981, the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has become one of the most powerful tools to characterize nanostructures on metal surface\cite{Binnig1981,Binnig1982}. It uses the quantum tunneling of electrons from the tip to the metal surface to `measure' the local density o...
1,941,325,220,444
arxiv
\section*{} \vspace{-1cm} \footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. Tel: +32 16 32 7939; E-mail: thomas.jagau@kuleuven.be}} \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} It is usually assumed in quantum chemistry without further discussion that...
1,941,325,220,445
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The discovery of superconductivity (SC) in LaFeAsO$_{1-y}$F$_{y}$\cite{Kamihara2008} has triggered renewed interest in superconductivity and also in itinerant magnetism in general. In the Fe-based ``1111'' and ``122" pnictides, the emergence of superconductivity is accompanied by the su...
1,941,325,220,446
arxiv
\section{Introduction} About fifty years ago gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) were discovered. By the characteristic duration, they can be grouped into two classes \citep{Kouveliotou1993}. Long-duration GRBs (LGRBs) are usually regarded to be originated from the collapse of a massive star, while short-duration GRBs (SGRBs) are...
1,941,325,220,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inspired by human neurons' working patterns, spiking neural networks (SNNs) are considered as the third generation artificial neural network\cite{maass1997networks}. With the development of SNNs, a large range of applications have been demonstrated including image classification \cite{iakymchuk20...
1,941,325,220,448
arxiv
\section{Convergence} \label{app:convergence} We evaluated the extent to which our models attained inflow equilibrium---i.e. the extent to which they converged---using a similar criterium as the one proposed by \cite{Narayan2012, Sadowski2013}, as follows. We estimated the convergence radius $r_{\rm conv}$ as the radi...
1,941,325,220,449
arxiv
\section{Cutoff effects and renormalization} Phenomenological results from simulations of lattice QCD to compare with experiments should be obtained with all the systematic uncertainties under control. The first requirement is to have an efficient algorithm to simulate $N_{\rm f}=2$ dynamical light quarks with the p...
1,941,325,220,450
arxiv
1,941,325,220,451
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the recent years, online social networks have emerged as a significant platform for discussion and dissemination of political information. For example, $2011$ Pew surveys \cite{lot:pew_2011} found that 22\% of adult Internet users participated in political campaigns through at least one of the...
1,941,325,220,452
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{VHa:96} Van Hamme presented several results and conjectures concerning a curious analogy between the values of certain hypergeometric series and the congruences of some of their partial sums modulo power of prime. In this paper we would like to discuss a new example of this analogy. Let ...
1,941,325,220,453
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} \newlength{\bibitemsep}\setlength{\bibitemsep}{.2\baselineskip plus .05\baselineskip minus .05\baselineskip} \newlength{\bibparskip}\setlength{\bibparskip}{0pt} \let\oldthebibliography\thebibliography \renewcommand\thebibliography[1]{% \oldthebibliography{#1}% \setlength{\parskip}{\bi...
1,941,325,220,454
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The remote sensing of extensive air showers (EAS) using a bistatic radar system is a promising technique with almost 100$\%$ duty cycle that is currently being developed. If successful, it will allow the next generation of cosmic ray observatories to be built at much lower cost. The concept of...
1,941,325,220,455
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The realized quadratic variation is a powerful tool in the statistical analysis of stochastic processes, and it has received a lot of attention in the literature. Furthermore, its generalization, the realized power variation of order $p>0$, have received similar attention as it can tackle wi...
1,941,325,220,456
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Since 1998, despite the propositions of different conceptual models, we were not really able to construct a hundred percent correct theoretical support to the observations of late time cosmic acceleration. Stress energy tensor was redesigned to interpret the accelerated...
1,941,325,220,457
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s;intro} Designing high efficient algorithms is an important subject of numerical computation due to the computational time and memory issues in the solution of large scale problems. The technique of parallel algorithms was paid more and more attention in past few years, containing domain ...
1,941,325,220,458
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} It is well known since the 80's that the spectra of low-mass \mbox{X-ray} binaries (LMXBs) hosting a neutron star (NS) can be described up to about 30 keV by a two-component model representing the contribution from different emitting regions of the system. However, the in...
1,941,325,220,459
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction:section} \parg{Background.} 2-player games can be used to model the interaction of a controller (player 0) who makes choices in a reactive system, and a malicious adversary (player 1) who represents an attacker. To model randomness in the system (e.g., unreliability; random...
1,941,325,220,460
arxiv
\subsection{Three-queue system} \label{sec: 3q} This section presents the heavy traffic distribution for a simpler system which we call the Three-queue system. The dynamics of the Three-queue system is similar to that of the Input-queued switch. We provide the mathematical model for the Three-queue system considered in...
1,941,325,220,461
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \subsection*{On use of the Riemann zeta function in relativistic cosmology} It is well-known (see e.g. \cite{mak}, page 209, (8.210), (8.211)) that the essence of the relativistic cosmology is in the so-called Friedmann equations: \begin{equation*} \kappa c^2\rho=\frac{3}{R^2}\left(k c^2+R^{\prime ...
1,941,325,220,462
arxiv
\section*{Nomenclature} The main notation used throughout the text is stated below for quick reference. Matrices are defined in bold and upper-case, vectors are indicated in bold and lower-case, superscript ${\cdot}^{\prime}$ means \textit{observed}, and symbol $\widehat{\cdot}$ refers to an \textit{estimated} paramete...
1,941,325,220,463
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Chiral symmetry is an approximate global symmetry in Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD), and the symmetry and its spontaneous breaking is one of the key ingredients in the low-energy hadron physics. For instance, all the hadrons can be classified into representations of $SU(N_f)_L\times SU(N_f)_R$. ...
1,941,325,220,464
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} After about 20 years of study of the representation theory of the three infinite dimensional finitary Lie algebras~$\mathfrak{sl}(\infty),\mathfrak{so}(\infty),\mathfrak{sp}(\infty)$, there still is no standard analogue of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category $\mathcal{O}$ for {these} Lie alg...
1,941,325,220,465
arxiv
\section{Example: Analysis of One Dimensional Hopper} This hopper with one-dimensional vertical motion is expected to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed stochastic analysis methodology. Its quasi-linear nature prohibits generalizing the deductions on more complex dynamical systems; however, promising resul...
1,941,325,220,466
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:1} In the fields of naval architecture, ocean and marine engineering large amounts of data are generated from sources such as ocean wave and current measurements, sea floor mapping by AUVs, ship manoeuvring and recorded wind speeds interacting with the ships at different locations acro...
1,941,325,220,467
arxiv
\subsection*{Binary strings with weight $\leq k$} Recall the weight of a binary string is the number of 1s it contains. Let ${\bf S}$ be the set of binary strings of length $n$ having weight less than or equal to some $k$. Observe that ${\bf S}$ satisfies the two closure properties of a flip-swap language as the flip...
1,941,325,220,468
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S-Intro} An important aim of current wideband Raman experiments is to efficiently generate few-cycle pulses \cite{Harris-S-1998prl,Sokolov-WYYH-2001prl,Hakuta-SKL-2000prl,Sali-MTHM-2004ol}. If driven strongly enough, the two-photon Raman transition modulates the incoming field by addin...
1,941,325,220,469
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:introd} \label{sec:intro} The study of the gravitational redshift, predicted for solar radiation by \citet{Ein08}, is still an important subject in modern physics and astrophysics \citep[e.g.,][]{Kol04,Neg05,Lae09,Choetal,Pasetal,Tur13}. The displacement of metallic lines to the violet ...
1,941,325,220,470
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Online social networks (OSNs) have become the most profitable channel for ``viral marketing'' purposes. In this regard, a classic optimization problem in OSNs is \textit{influence maximization} (IM), i.e., to discover a set of initial influencers, or \textit{seeds}, that can maximize the ...
1,941,325,220,471
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bohmian mechanics\ (often called the de$\,$Broglie-Bohm theory) yields the same predictions as standard quantum theory provided the configuration of a system with wave function $\psi$ is random, with distribution given by $|\psi|^2$. This distribution, the {\em quantum equilibrium distribution} \...
1,941,325,220,472
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The application of the $\theta$-exact Seiberg-Witten map (SW)~\cite{Seiberg:1999vs} expansions~\cite{Jurco:2000fb,Madore:2000en,Jurco:2000ja,Mehen:2000vs,Szabo:2001kg,Jurco:2001my,Jurco:2001rq,Barnich:2002pb,Barnich:2003wq,Banerjee:2003vc,Banerjee:2004rs,Martin:2012aw,Martin:2015nna} represents ...
1,941,325,220,473
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{s:intro}} Many theoretical models of physics beyond the standard model (SM)~\cite{SM1,SM2,SM3} predict strong production of particles decaying into high-multiplicity final states, i.e., characterized by three or more energetic jets, leptons, or photons. Among these models are supersymmetry...
1,941,325,220,474
arxiv
\section{The key scientific projects of SKA} Some of the main puzzles of cosmology are the nature of dark matter and dark energy, representing in total 95\% of the content of the Universe. The dark energy is presently compatible within the uncertainties with a cosmological constant, but it is paramount to determine...
1,941,325,220,475
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formation of molecular hydrogen in the interstellar medium (ISM) is a topic of ongoing debate (see recent review \cite{wakelam2017}). As molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in the universe and plays a key role in many astrophysical processes, a proper understanding of the process...
1,941,325,220,476
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} \label{acknowledgement} This work was supported by KAKENHI Grant-in-Aids~(18K18768, 21K18628, 26104005, 19H05806, 19J20418, 18H05536, and 21K13942). This work is also partially supported by the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research~(ICRR), the University of Tokyo. \b...
1,941,325,220,477
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider the steady Navier-Stokes equations in a half-plane $\Omega_{+}=\left\{ \left. (x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^{2}\right\vert ~y>1\right\} $ with a drift term parallel to the boundary, a small driving force of compact support, with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions at the bo...
1,941,325,220,478
arxiv
\section{Introduction}} Kites have been flown in the sky for several centuries. Nowadays, they are no longer considered just a toy for children. The flight of a kite is a complex physical phenomenon and scientists have shown renewed interest in its dynamics and have investigated new applications or improved the existin...
1,941,325,220,479
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We continue on the research path initiated in \cite{YanBel2013} where the concepts of extension and their combination were introduced for the first time. In this seminal work proofs were formalized as rewriting strategies and extensions were formalized as second-order rewriting strategi...
1,941,325,220,480
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Goods in an economy are produced by a network of industries, where each industry produces goods by combining the output of others. The structure of this network may provide clues to how economies function and eventually shed light on how economies change over time. While direct data on physical p...
1,941,325,220,481
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the on-going development of quantum optical technologies, devices will need to be easier to use, more compact, robust, and scalable, making them available to a broader community. These technologies include applications in quantum communication~\citep{Gisin2007, Simon2007,Ursin2007,Liao2017}, o...
1,941,325,220,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is large variety of single-channel models, proposed decades ago, which describe spectra of hadrons with reasonable accuracy \cite{1}. The most popular and widely used is the relativistic quark model of N.Isgur and coworkers for mesons \cite{2} and baryons \cite{3}, where effective con...
1,941,325,220,483
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The no-arbitrage framework in mathematical finance is not sufficient for providing a unique price for a given contingent claim in an incomplete market. Instead provided is only a no-arbitrage pricing bound. Since it is in general too wide to be useful in financial practice, needed is an alt...
1,941,325,220,484
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In supervised learning, the term \emph{model selection} usually refers to the process of using validation data to tune hyperparameters. However, we are moving toward a world in which model selection refers to marketplaces of pre-trained deep learning models in which customers ...
1,941,325,220,485
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last decade, the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) \cite{peres_ergodicity_1984,deutsch_quantum_1991,srednicki_chaos_1994, srednicki_approach_1999,rigol_thermalization_2008, DAlessio_fromquantum_2016,borgonovi_quantum_2016} has become the essential framework for reconciling q...
1,941,325,220,486
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Symbolic Regression (SR) aims at building mathematical models of numerical, and possibly experimental, data. Given data of the form $(y_i, \vec{x}_i)$, the goal is to discover automatically the analytical relationship between $y$ and $x$, as a function of a mathematical l...
1,941,325,220,487
arxiv
\section{\label{intro}Introduction} The low-lying spectrum of the Faddeev-Popov (F-P) operator, in Coulomb and covariant gauges, is a probe of the infrared properties of non-abelian gauge theories. Confinement in Coulomb gauge, in particular, is rather directly related to the F-P spectrum. The color Coulomb p...