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1,941,325,220,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Jets are one of the most common objects appearing in proton-proton
colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN.
They are defined as collimated bunches of high-energy particles, which
emerge from the interactions of quarks and gluons, the fundamental
constit... |
1,941,325,220,389 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum entanglement describes non-classical correlations of multipartite quantum systems~\cite{Horodecki}. It can appear between the parties' internal (\eg spin) degree of freedom (dof), or between their external (\eg spatial modes) dof. One usually refers to these two cases as particle or mode ... |
1,941,325,220,390 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Frobenius algebras play an important role in the study of topological quantum field theory (TQFT). In particular, commutative Frobenius algebras are known to classify $2$-dimensional TQFTs \cites{abrams, dijkgraaf:thesis, kock-book}. Noncommutative Frobenius algebras appear in the classification... |
1,941,325,220,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the last years, \emph{sparsity} has been a key model in machine learning, signal processing, and statistics. While sparsity modelling is powerful,
\emph{structured sparsity} models further exploit domain knowledge by characterizing the interdependency between the non-zero coefficients of ... |
1,941,325,220,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suppose that $W$ is a finite complex reflection group acting on the complex vector space $V$.
Let $\A = \A(W)$ be the associated hyperplane arrangement of the reflecting hyperplanes of $W$.
Then $\A$ is free, \cite{Terao1980}.
There are several stronger notions of freeness.
In this paper we are... |
1,941,325,220,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sectionIntroduction}
The expression \emph{multiple elliptic integral} refers to an integral involving an integrand factor given by the complete elliptic integral of the first kind
\begin{equation}\label{Kdefinition}
\text{{\bf K}}(k) := \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \left( 1 - k^2 \sin^2 \... |
1,941,325,220,394 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace*{-0.4cm}
Data throughput and coverage enhancements are of paramount importance in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks \cite{giordani2020toward}. In this context, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received significant attention from academic and indus... |
1,941,325,220,395 | arxiv | \section{On the numerical simulation of classical spin dynamics}
We have carried out numerical simulations of classical spin dynamics using the method introduced in \cite{Bagchi2013}. The latter
proves to be superior compared to more standard Euler or Runge-Kutta integration schemes (as e.g. employed in \cite{Li2019})... |
1,941,325,220,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Global population growth and increasing urbanization require novel economically viable concepts for drinking water treatment and water disposal~\cite{larsen2016emerging}. This challenge includes smart operations, such as data-driven urban water management~\cite{eggimann2017potential}, but also n... |
1,941,325,220,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction}
Salient object detection from videos plays an important role as a pre-processing step in many computer vision applications such as video re-targeting~\cite{Taoran-ICIP2010}, object detection~\cite{Guo-Neurocomputing2014}, person re-identification~\cite{Zhao-CVPR2013},... |
1,941,325,220,398 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep learning (DL) applications play an increasingly important role in medicine, yet, ``everyone participating in medical image evaluation with machine learning is data starved" \cite{Kohli2017}.
When the same imaging technique is used, e.g. confocal microscopy of a specific tissue type with a ma... |
1,941,325,220,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Distributed graph algorithms give a formal theoretical framework for studying networks. There is abundant literature on distributed graph algorithms modeling \emph{static} networks, and recently, an increasing amount of work on \emph{dynamic} networks.
Yet, our understanding of the interconnectio... |
1,941,325,220,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The set of all continuous functions, defined on the interval $I$, is
denoted by $C(I)$. For any $f\in C([0,1])$, the corresponding
\emph{Bernstein operators} are defined as follows:
$$B_n(f,x):=\sum_{k=0}^nf(\frac{k}{n})p_{n,k}(x),$$
where \begin{align*}p_{n,k}(x):={n \choose k}x^k(1-x)^{n-k}, \
... |
1,941,325,220,401 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
I. K. Daugavet \cite{Daugavet} proved in 1963 that all compact operators $T$
on $C[0,1]$ fulfill the norm identity
\begin{equation*}
\norm{\mathrm{Id} + T} = 1 + \norm{T},
\end{equation*}
which has become known as the \emph{Daugavet equation}. C. Foia{\cb{s} and
I. Singer \cite{FoiasSin... |
1,941,325,220,402 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we have studied mean-payoff parity games, with an application
to finding permissive strategies in parity games with penalties. In particular,
we have established that mean-penalty parity games are not harder to solve than
mean-payoff parity games: for both kinds of games, the value... |
1,941,325,220,403 | arxiv | \section{The Flock vision}
In this section, we present our vision for {\em Flock\xspace}, a reference architecture to support the canonical data science lifecycle for EGML applications. {\em Flock} is our vehicle to explore assumptions (\S~\ref{sec:vantagepoint}), discover open problems and validate initial solutions... |
1,941,325,220,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
The rapid time variability of transient black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) provides a unique tool to understand the physical processes like accretion, disk geometry, etc., in the vicinity of the central engine. During X-ray outbursts, BHXRBs undergo various spectral state transi... |
1,941,325,220,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of the Higgs boson with a mass around 126 GeV, which has been reported by the CMS and ATLAS collaborations \cite{Higgsd1,Higgsd2}, opens up a new era in understanding the origins of the electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking. However, questions regarding the theory behind the observed s... |
1,941,325,220,406 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The development of efficient computational techniques and the growing
availablity of computing power over the past three decades have made it
possible to simulate the evolution of representative cosmological
volumes at high enough resolution to follow the formation... |
1,941,325,220,407 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galaxy merger research has shown how fundamental merging is to galaxy evolution, with historical merger rates generally increasing with galaxy mass \citep{bundy2009greater, schawinski2010role, l2012mass, pillepich2018first}. Distant galaxies (z$\approx$2) are often quoted as being a factor of 2-... |
1,941,325,220,408 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The flux transport dynamo model (FTD) attempts to explain the large-scale
evolution of the Sun's magnetic field. The central ideas behind the model are
that poloidal flux is wound up by differential rotation until it becomes
sufficiently strong that magnetic buoyant flux tubes emerge through the... |
1,941,325,220,409 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Since the seminal work by Darwin \cite{Darwin:1859}, the evolution of biological
species has been recognized as a complex dynamics involving broad distributions
of temporal and spatial scales as well as stochastic effects, giving rise to
so-called frozen accidents. There is vas... |
1,941,325,220,410 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Polar codes \cite{arikan2009channel} are the first class of capacity-achieving codes.
They are based on the $N \times N$ Arikan polarizing transformation $A^{(N)}=F^{\otimes M}$,
$N=2^M$, where $F=\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\1&1\end{pmatrix}$ is called the Arikan kernel.
Many other matrices were pr... |
1,941,325,220,411 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A Hadamard matrix of order $m$ is a square matrix $[h(i, j)]$ with
entries $h(i, j) = \pm 1$, $1 \leq i, j \leq m$, whose row
vectors are pairwise orthogonal. A Hadamard matrix must have order
$1$, $2$ or a multiple of $4$, but no other restrictions on the
order of a Hadamard matrix are known, a... |
1,941,325,220,412 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A celebrated theorem of Hadamard characterises the complex matrices with entries of norm at most one which have maximal determinant: they are precisely the solutions to the matrix equation $HH^{\ast} = nI_{n}$ satisfying $|h_{ij}| = 1$ for all $1 \leq i,j\leq n$. Equivalently, all entries of $H$ ... |
1,941,325,220,413 | arxiv | \section{\bf Introduction}\label{S:intro}
The following theorem is a standard exercise in functional analysis.
\begin{thm}\label{T:norm}
Let $X$ and $Y$ be Banach spaces, let $(T_n)_{n\ge1}$ and $T$
be continuous linear maps from $X$ to $Y$, and let $D$ be a dense subset of~$X$.
Then the following statements are eq... |
1,941,325,220,414 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pretraining ever-larger language models (LMs) on massive corpora has led to large
improvements in NLP
\cite[\emph{i.a.}]{radford2018improving,devlin2018bert,liu2019roberta,raffel2019exploring}. A standard approach is to replace the pretrained model's output layer with a task-specific head and ... |
1,941,325,220,415 | arxiv | \section{Overview}
The production of prompt photons at hadron colliders provides means
for testing perturbative QCD predictions, providing a colorless probe
of the hard scattering process. The dominant production mechanism of
single photons in $pp$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
energies is $qg\to... |
1,941,325,220,416 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Currently particle physics is in a similar situation as physics was about 120 years
ago. Its standard model (SM) can explain successfully most of the low and high energy
phenomena and provide predictions that are in agreement with measurements at high precision.
Nevertheless, there are also a ... |
1,941,325,220,417 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{wrapfigure}[18]{r}{0.50\textwidth}
\centering
\vspace{-2cm}
\includegraphics[width = \linewidth]{figures/gd-ls.pdf} \vspace{-0.75cm}
\caption{As the model grows ($x$-axis), the standard deviation (shaded region) in the halting time of gradient descent on random least squ... |
1,941,325,220,418 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The
\emph{Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer}\footnote{\url{https://ixpe.msfc.nasa.gov}} (IXPE), which is a space-based mission selected by the NASA, is expected to be launched in 2021. IXPE will conduct precise polarimetry in the X-ray energy band (between 2 and 8 kilo electronvolts), which is... |
1,941,325,220,419 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental Material}
In the main text we make reference to our setup being described by a generalized Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian \cite{mekhov2012}, where atoms in an optical lattice scatter light, which is treated as a dynamical quantum variable. Here we provide this Hamiltonian, and give a brief description o... |
1,941,325,220,420 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro}
A 1-dimensional solenoid is the inverse limit space of a sequence of covering maps,
\begin{equation}\label{eq-presentation1}
{\mathcal S}(\vec{m}) \myeq \underleftarrow{\lim} ~ \{\, q_{\ell}:{\mathbb S}^1 \to {\mathbb S}^1 \mid \ell \geq 1\}
\end{equation}
where $q_{... |
1,941,325,220,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Simulation of binary black hole mergers will play an important part in the prediction,
detection, and the analysis of signals in gravitational
wave detectors. In the usual approach to computing the merger of black holes
(generically called the $3+1$ method), one has first to ini... |
1,941,325,220,422 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A problem raised by Evans and Ball in the 1980's (see for instance~\cite{Ball2}), and still open in its full generality, is the following: can one approximate a planar bi-Sobolev homeomorphism with diffeomorphisms, or piecewise affine homeomorphisms, in the bi-Sobolev sense? This would be rather... |
1,941,325,220,423 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\else
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\fi
\IEEEPARstart{T}{his} demo file is intended to serve as a ``starter file''
for IEEE Computer Society journal papers produced under \LaTeX\ using
IEEEtran.cls version 1.8b and later.
I wish you the best of succe... |
1,941,325,220,424 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider the problem of crowdsourced labeling, which has diverse applications in image labeling, video annotation, and character recognition~\cite{raykar2010learning,von2008recaptcha,welinder2010multidimensional}.
Workers in the crowdsourcing system are given simple tasks and asked to provide ... |
1,941,325,220,425 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The phase-space formulation of quantum mechanics provides a complete framework that echoes classical statistical mechanics.
Quantum states and quantum operators are described within this formulation by continuous functions of the pair of canonical variables $x$ and $p$.
These variables traditio... |
1,941,325,220,426 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The connection between early cosmology and high energy dates back to the discovery of the expansion of the Universe. Going backwards in time, the Universe contracts and the energy density increases more and more until it eventually reaches Planckian values and General Relativity breaks down. The... |
1,941,325,220,427 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{ The Reconstruction Conjecture (RC)}
\paragraph*{} The Reconstruction Conjecture (RC) is one of the most celebrated unsolved problems in Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics circles. It was first conjectured by Ulam and Kelly in 1941 as stated in the survey paper by Bondy \cite{b1}.... |
1,941,325,220,428 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{}ncrementally described in the form of graph in big data applications, graph are processed in an iterative manner. For example, search services (such as Google~\cite{Google}) use PageRank algorithm to sort results, social networks (such as Facebook~\cite{... |
1,941,325,220,429 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(X,\mathcal{T})$ be a topological dynamical system( for short TDS), where $(X,d)$ is a compact
metric space with compatible metric $d$ and $\mathcal{T}$ a continuous $L$-action on $X$.
The set $\mathcal{M}(X)$ denotes the compact convex set of all Borel probability measures, and
$\mathca... |
1,941,325,220,430 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider the tasks of time series segmentation and
modeling. Formally, suppose that we observe a sequence of $T$
input/output pairs, represented as
\begin{equation}
(x_1,y_1), (x_2, y_2), \ldots, (x_T, y_T)
\end{equation}
for $x_t \in \mathbb{R}^n$ (which can even includ... |
1,941,325,220,431 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Over the past few years, network multiple-input multiple-output (N-MIMO) technique \cite{M.V.Clark} has received significant attention due to its flexibility, power and capacity advantage over the centralized architectures in fifth generation (5G) dense cellular networks... |
1,941,325,220,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) are the two most massive satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, and the closest example of an interacting pair. They are situated deep inside the gravitational potential of the Galaxy at distances of $\approx 50$ and $60$\ kpc, respectively \citep... |
1,941,325,220,433 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
What does time mean in cosmology? Are there any physical conditions which must be satisfied in order to speak about cosmic time? If so, how far back can time be extrapolated while still maintaining it as a well-defined physical concept? We have studied these questions i... |
1,941,325,220,434 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The best results of modern physics are the two theories that describe the fundamental interactions, i.e. Standard Model and General Relativity. However, at the present no satisfying way to unify them is known, especially because of the mathematical and physical difficulties in the development of ... |
1,941,325,220,435 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The successful operation of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and
the ATLAS and CMS experiments have
led to the discovery of the Higgs boson, the final piece of the
standard model (SM)~\cite{Chatrchyan:2012ufa,Aad:2012tfa} of particle physics.
Future high precision experimental investigations... |
1,941,325,220,436 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Linear Schr\"odinger operators $\calH$ of the form $\calH:=-\triangle\,+\,V$ composed of the $d$-dimen\-sio\-nal Laplacian $\triangle$ and a non-negative potential $V$ are an important building block for the mathematical modeling of quantum-physical processes related to ultracold bosonic or ... |
1,941,325,220,437 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In two dimensional systems, applying perpendicular magnetic
field strongly modifies the wave function of electrons
leading to many interesting phenomena at low temperatures.
The fractional quantum Hall effects\cite{Laughlin} are typical example,
where incompressible ground states are realized ... |
1,941,325,220,438 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec1}Introduction}
Supersymmetric localization \cite{Banerjee:2009af,Dabholkar:2010uh} has lead to the possibility of evaluating exactly the $\text{AdS}_2$ path integral that computes the quantum entropy \cite{Sen:2008vm} of BPS black holes. This technique has been particularly successful for computi... |
1,941,325,220,439 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A thermodynamic system contains a huge number $N$ of
interacting particles, with $N$ typically
in the order of $10^{23}$ or larger. The microscopic configurations of such a
system changes with time in a complicated and stochastic manner under the
joint action of internal forces and perturbatio... |
1,941,325,220,440 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
One of the most remarkable results in theoretical physics lies in random matrix models \cite{DiFrancesco:1993cyw}
whose critical limit by 't Hooft's topological expansion \cite{tHooft:1973alw} provides a universal random geometry as a Brownian map \cite{legall}, which is pro... |
1,941,325,220,441 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
\label{sec_introduction}
As one promising scheme of implementing quantum engineering, Floquet dynamics
have been widely studied in many quantum systems
\cite{goldmanPRX2014,shirley,salzman,dietz and holthaus}. The interest lies in
that one can substantially modify the long-time dynamical... |
1,941,325,220,442 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Relationalism and Product-type actions.}
Classical physics is usually taken to follow from difference-type actions\footnote{$\Sigma$
is the notion of space of extent (3-space for field theories and trivial for particle theories, for
which $\int_{\Sigma}\textrm{d}\Sigma$ is ta... |
1,941,325,220,443 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since its invention in 1981, the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has become one of the most powerful tools to characterize nanostructures on metal surface\cite{Binnig1981,Binnig1982}. It uses the quantum tunneling of electrons from the tip to the metal surface to `measure' the local density o... |
1,941,325,220,444 | arxiv | \section*{}
\vspace{-1cm}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F,
B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Tel: +32 16 32 7939; E-mail: thomas.jagau@kuleuven.be}}
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
It is usually assumed in quantum chemistry without further discussion that... |
1,941,325,220,445 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The discovery of superconductivity (SC) in LaFeAsO$_{1-y}$F$_{y}$\cite{Kamihara2008} has triggered renewed interest in
superconductivity and also in itinerant magnetism in general. In the Fe-based
``1111'' and ``122" pnictides, the emergence of
superconductivity is accompanied by the su... |
1,941,325,220,446 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
About fifty years ago gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) were discovered. By the characteristic duration, they can be grouped into two classes \citep{Kouveliotou1993}. Long-duration GRBs (LGRBs) are usually regarded to be originated from the collapse of a massive star, while short-duration GRBs (SGRBs) are... |
1,941,325,220,447 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inspired by human neurons' working patterns, spiking neural networks (SNNs) are considered as the third generation artificial neural network\cite{maass1997networks}.
With the development of SNNs, a large range of applications have been demonstrated including image classification \cite{iakymchuk20... |
1,941,325,220,448 | arxiv | \section{Convergence} \label{app:convergence}
We evaluated the extent to which our models attained inflow equilibrium---i.e. the extent to which they converged---using a similar criterium as the one proposed by \cite{Narayan2012, Sadowski2013}, as follows. We estimated the convergence radius $r_{\rm conv}$ as the radi... |
1,941,325,220,449 | arxiv | \section{Cutoff effects and renormalization}
Phenomenological results from simulations of lattice QCD to compare with
experiments should be obtained with all the systematic uncertainties
under control.
The first requirement is to have an efficient algorithm to simulate
$N_{\rm f}=2$ dynamical light quarks with the p... |
1,941,325,220,450 | arxiv | |
1,941,325,220,451 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the recent years, online social networks have emerged
as a significant platform for discussion and dissemination of political information.
For example, $2011$ Pew surveys \cite{lot:pew_2011} found that 22\% of adult Internet users participated in
political campaigns through at least one of the... |
1,941,325,220,452 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{VHa:96} Van Hamme presented several results and conjectures
concerning a curious analogy between the values of certain hypergeometric series
and the congruences of some of their partial sums modulo power of prime.
In this paper we would like to discuss a new example of this analogy. Let ... |
1,941,325,220,453 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
\newlength{\bibitemsep}\setlength{\bibitemsep}{.2\baselineskip plus .05\baselineskip minus .05\baselineskip}
\newlength{\bibparskip}\setlength{\bibparskip}{0pt}
\let\oldthebibliography\thebibliography
\renewcommand\thebibliography[1]{%
\oldthebibliography{#1}%
\setlength{\parskip}{\bi... |
1,941,325,220,454 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The remote sensing of extensive air showers (EAS) using a bistatic radar system is a promising technique with almost 100$\%$ duty cycle that is currently being developed. If successful, it will allow the next generation of cosmic ray observatories to be built at much lower cost.
The concept of... |
1,941,325,220,455 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The realized quadratic variation is a powerful tool in the statistical analysis of stochastic processes, and it has received
a lot of attention in the literature. Furthermore, its generalization, the realized power variation of order $p>0$, have
received similar attention as it can tackle wi... |
1,941,325,220,456 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Since 1998, despite the propositions of different conceptual models, we were not really able to construct a hundred percent correct theoretical support to the observations of late time cosmic acceleration. Stress energy tensor was redesigned to interpret the accelerated... |
1,941,325,220,457 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s;intro}
Designing high efficient algorithms is an important subject of numerical computation due to the computational time
and memory issues in the solution
of large scale problems.
The technique of parallel algorithms was paid more and more attention in past few years, containing domain ... |
1,941,325,220,458 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
It is well known since the 80's that the spectra of low-mass \mbox{X-ray} binaries
(LMXBs) hosting a neutron star (NS) can be described up to about 30 keV by
a two-component model representing the contribution from different
emitting regions of the system.
However, the in... |
1,941,325,220,459 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{introduction:section}
\parg{Background.}
2-player games can be used to model the interaction of
a controller (player 0) who makes choices in a reactive
system, and a malicious adversary (player 1) who represents
an attacker.
To model randomness in the system
(e.g., unreliability; random... |
1,941,325,220,460 | arxiv | \subsection{Three-queue system}
\label{sec: 3q}
This section presents the heavy traffic distribution for a simpler system which we call the Three-queue system. The dynamics of the Three-queue system is similar to that of the Input-queued switch.
We provide the mathematical model for the Three-queue system considered in... |
1,941,325,220,461 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}
\subsection*{On use of the Riemann zeta function in relativistic cosmology}
It is well-known (see e.g. \cite{mak}, page 209, (8.210), (8.211)) that the essence of the relativistic cosmology is in the so-called Friedmann
equations:
\begin{equation*}
\kappa c^2\rho=\frac{3}{R^2}\left(k c^2+R^{\prime ... |
1,941,325,220,462 | arxiv | \section*{Nomenclature}
The main notation used throughout the text is stated below for quick reference. Matrices are defined in bold and upper-case, vectors are indicated in bold and lower-case, superscript ${\cdot}^{\prime}$ means \textit{observed}, and symbol $\widehat{\cdot}$ refers to an \textit{estimated} paramete... |
1,941,325,220,463 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Chiral symmetry is an approximate global symmetry in
Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD),
and the symmetry and its spontaneous breaking
is one of the key ingredients in the low-energy hadron physics.
For instance, all the hadrons can be classified
into representations of $SU(N_f)_L\times SU(N_f)_R$.
... |
1,941,325,220,464 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
After about 20 years of study of the representation theory of the three infinite dimensional finitary Lie algebras~$\mathfrak{sl}(\infty),\mathfrak{so}(\infty),\mathfrak{sp}(\infty)$, there still is no standard analogue of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category $\mathcal{O}$ for {these} Lie alg... |
1,941,325,220,465 | arxiv |
\section{Example: Analysis of One Dimensional Hopper}
This hopper with one-dimensional vertical motion is expected to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed stochastic analysis methodology. Its quasi-linear nature prohibits generalizing the deductions on more complex dynamical systems; however, promising resul... |
1,941,325,220,466 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:1}
In the fields of naval architecture, ocean and marine engineering large amounts of data are generated from sources such as ocean wave and current measurements, sea floor mapping by AUVs, ship manoeuvring and recorded wind speeds interacting with the ships at different locations acro... |
1,941,325,220,467 | arxiv | \subsection*{Binary strings with weight $\leq k$}
Recall the weight of a binary string is the number of 1s it contains.
Let ${\bf S}$ be the set of binary strings of length $n$ having weight less than or equal to some $k$.
Observe that ${\bf S}$ satisfies the two closure properties of a flip-swap language as the flip... |
1,941,325,220,468 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S-Intro}
An important aim of current wideband Raman experiments
is to efficiently generate few-cycle pulses
\cite{Harris-S-1998prl,Sokolov-WYYH-2001prl,Hakuta-SKL-2000prl,Sali-MTHM-2004ol}.
If driven strongly enough, the two-photon Raman transition
modulates the incoming field by addin... |
1,941,325,220,469 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:introd}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of the gravitational redshift, predicted for solar radiation by
\citet{Ein08}, is still an important subject in modern physics and
astrophysics \citep[e.g.,][]{Kol04,Neg05,Lae09,Choetal,Pasetal,Tur13}.
The displacement of metallic lines to the violet ... |
1,941,325,220,470 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Online social networks (OSNs) have become
the most profitable channel for ``viral marketing'' purposes.
In this regard, a classic optimization problem in OSNs is \textit{influence maximization} (IM), i.e., to discover a set of initial influencers, or \textit{seeds}, that can maximize the ... |
1,941,325,220,471 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bohmian mechanics\ (often called the de$\,$Broglie-Bohm theory) yields the same predictions as
standard quantum theory provided the configuration of a system with wave
function $\psi$ is random, with distribution given by $|\psi|^2$. This
distribution, the {\em quantum equilibrium distribution}
\... |
1,941,325,220,472 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The application of the $\theta$-exact Seiberg-Witten map (SW)~\cite{Seiberg:1999vs}
expansions~\cite{Jurco:2000fb,Madore:2000en,Jurco:2000ja,Mehen:2000vs,Szabo:2001kg,Jurco:2001my,Jurco:2001rq,Barnich:2002pb,Barnich:2003wq,Banerjee:2003vc,Banerjee:2004rs,Martin:2012aw,Martin:2015nna} represents ... |
1,941,325,220,473 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction\label{s:intro}}
Many theoretical models of physics beyond the standard model (SM)~\cite{SM1,SM2,SM3} predict strong production of particles decaying into high-multiplicity final states, i.e., characterized by three or more energetic jets, leptons, or photons. Among these models are supersymmetry... |
1,941,325,220,474 | arxiv | \section{The key scientific projects of SKA}
Some of the main puzzles of cosmology are the nature of dark matter
and dark energy, representing in total 95\% of the content of the Universe.
The dark energy is presently compatible within the uncertainties with
a cosmological constant, but it is paramount to determine... |
1,941,325,220,475 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The formation of molecular hydrogen in the interstellar medium (ISM) is a topic of ongoing debate (see recent review \cite{wakelam2017}). As molecular hydrogen is the most abundant molecule in the universe and plays a key role in many astrophysical processes, a proper understanding of the process... |
1,941,325,220,476 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment} \label{acknowledgement}
This work was supported by KAKENHI Grant-in-Aids~(18K18768, 21K18628, 26104005, 19H05806, 19J20418, 18H05536, and 21K13942). This work is also partially supported by the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research~(ICRR), the University of Tokyo.
\b... |
1,941,325,220,477 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we consider the steady Navier-Stokes equations in a half-plane
$\Omega_{+}=\left\{ \left. (x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^{2}\right\vert ~y>1\right\} $
with a drift term parallel to the boundary, a small driving force of compact
support, with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions at the bo... |
1,941,325,220,478 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}}
Kites have been flown in the sky for several centuries. Nowadays, they are no longer considered just a toy for children. The flight of a kite is a complex physical phenomenon and scientists have shown renewed interest in its dynamics and have investigated new applications or improved the existin... |
1,941,325,220,479 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We continue on the research path initiated in \cite{YanBel2013} where
the concepts of extension and their combination were introduced for the first time.
In this seminal work proofs were formalized as rewriting strategies and
extensions were formalized as second-order rewriting strategi... |
1,941,325,220,480 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Goods in an economy are produced by a network of industries, where each industry produces goods by combining the output of others. The structure of this network may provide clues to how economies function and eventually shed light on how economies change over time. While direct data on physical p... |
1,941,325,220,481 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the on-going development of quantum optical technologies, devices will need to be easier to use, more compact, robust, and scalable, making them available to a broader community. These technologies include applications in quantum communication~\citep{Gisin2007, Simon2007,Ursin2007,Liao2017}, o... |
1,941,325,220,482 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is large variety of single-channel models, proposed decades ago, which
describe spectra of hadrons with reasonable accuracy \cite{1}. The most popular
and widely used is the relativistic quark model of N.Isgur and coworkers for
mesons \cite{2} and baryons \cite{3}, where effective con... |
1,941,325,220,483 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The no-arbitrage framework in mathematical finance
is not sufficient for providing
a unique price for a given contingent claim in an incomplete market.
Instead provided is only a no-arbitrage pricing bound.
Since it is in general too wide to be useful
in financial practice, needed is an alt... |
1,941,325,220,484 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In supervised learning, the term \emph{model selection} usually refers to the process of using validation data to tune hyperparameters. However, we are moving toward a world in which model selection refers to marketplaces of pre-trained deep learning models in which customers ... |
1,941,325,220,485 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the last decade, the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH)
\cite{peres_ergodicity_1984,deutsch_quantum_1991,srednicki_chaos_1994,
srednicki_approach_1999,rigol_thermalization_2008, DAlessio_fromquantum_2016,borgonovi_quantum_2016} has become the essential framework for reconciling q... |
1,941,325,220,486 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Symbolic Regression (SR) aims at building mathematical models of numerical, and possibly experimental, data. Given data of the form $(y_i, \vec{x}_i)$, the goal is to discover automatically the analytical relationship between $y$ and $x$, as a function of a mathematical l... |
1,941,325,220,487 | arxiv | \section{\label{intro}Introduction}
The low-lying spectrum of the Faddeev-Popov (F-P) operator, in Coulomb and covariant gauges, is a probe of the infrared
properties of non-abelian gauge theories. Confinement in Coulomb gauge, in particular, is rather directly related to the F-P
spectrum. The color Coulomb p... |
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