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1,108,101,562,815
arxiv
\section{COCO-Text and TextOCR} \end{document} \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Optical Character Recognition (OCR) \cite{Islam_ocr_survey, Sabu_OCR_survey} is the task of converting an image of text into machine encoded characters and is widely used in industrial application such as scanning documents and im...
1,108,101,562,816
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder involving partial or complete airway collapse or obstruction, causing breathing issues and disruptions in normal sleep patterns. It has serious consequences for the pediatric population, affecting not only their health but also their neurodevelo...
1,108,101,562,817
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1:level1} \hspace{1cm} In the standard electroweak theory, fermion number violation is present at the quantum level but these processes are seen only outside of ordinary perturbation theory. A baryon number three nucleus can decay into three leptons. The process is described as an ins...
1,108,101,562,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The low-rank matrix reconstruction problem arises naturally in many fields, such as system identification \cite{Fazel-Hankel,Jansson-Subspace}, spectral imaging \cite{Signoretto-Tensor} and audio signal processing \cite{Arberet-Reverberant}. Suppose an $r$-rank matrix $\mathbf{X}$ has size $n_...
1,108,101,562,819
arxiv
\section*{\noindent Editor\hfill} David Garfinkle\\ \smallskip Department of Physics Oakland University Rochester, MI 48309\\ Phone: (248) 370-3411\\ Internet: \htmladdnormallink{\protect {\tt{garfinkl-at-oakland.edu}}} {mailto:garfinkl@oakland.edu}\\ WWW: \htmladdnormallink {\protect {\tt{http://www.oakland.edu/phys...
1,108,101,562,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a semisimple group, $B$ a Borel and $N$ the unipotent radical. Denote by $\mathcal{K}=\mathbb{C}((t))$ and $\mathcal{O}$ and let the set of Iwahori subalgebras $\mathcal{F}l$ the affine flag variety. This is an ind-scheme, with points over $\mathbb{C}$ given by $G(\mathcal{K})/\math...
1,108,101,562,821
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The non-perturbative formulation of a generic Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and the analytic, or numerical, solution of its dynamics remains an extremely challenging conceptual and computational problem with important theoretical and experimental implications. The problem becomes mor...
1,108,101,562,822
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{S}{tock} market plays an important role in the economic development. Due to the high return characteristics of stocks, the stock market has attracted more and more attention from institutions and investors. However, due to the complex volatility of the stoc...
1,108,101,562,823
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let us first review some terminology related to trees. A {\em tree} is an acyclic connected graph. In this paper we will assume all the trees are ({\em unlabelled}) {\em plane trees}, i.e., rooted trees whose vertices are considered to be indistinguishable, but the subtrees at any vertex are...
1,108,101,562,824
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Transmitting messages with perfect secrecy using physical layer techniques was first studied in \cite{ic1} on a physically degraded discrete memoryless wiretap channel model. Later, this work was extended to more general broadcast channel in \cite{ic2} and Gaussian channel ...
1,108,101,562,825
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion of isoclinism was first defined in \cite{PH}, for a classification of finite groups whose orders are prime powers. This work was detailed in \cite{MH}. After then, some new results were given in many papers, such as \cite{MRJ,RM,HM,FP,ARS,JT}. Also the relation between groups and ...
1,108,101,562,826
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Rapid stellar mass loss occurs at the so-called red giant and, in particular, the asymptotic giant branches (RGB and AGB). Due to high stellar density and rapid star formation, the Galactic bulge contains large numbers of RGB and AGB stars. It is important to measure the mass-loss rates of the...
1,108,101,562,827
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Every animal must eat in order to survive. For certain predator species this necessarily implies to chase and bring down a sufficient amount of prey. With predators always on the lookout for food, prey must constantly be on the alert. While scattering and zigzagging to confuse the predator is ...
1,108,101,562,828
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \acp{QIS} were originally introduced to understand the local moment formation in strongly correlated materials \cite{Anderson61} and the screening of those moments via the Kondo effect \cite{Kondo1964,KrishWilWilson80a,KrishWilWilson80b}. The spectral properties of \acp{QIS} are of strong intere...
1,108,101,562,829
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The application of the renormalization group (RG) and boson representation methods to one-dimensional (1D) models of interacting electrons have provided over the last four decades considerable insight into the nature of correlations in low dimensional systems \cite{Emery79,Solyom79,Voit95...
1,108,101,562,830
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a conformal field theory, it is crucial to understand its behavior under various deformations such as relevant deformations, exact marginal deformations, and deformations by turning on expectation value of some operators. For a superconformal field theory (SCFT), one can completely classify...
1,108,101,562,831
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Flat galaxy rotation curves and the departure from the expected Keplerian fall-off which they imply are most popularly attributed to the presence of cold dark matter [CDM] in the galaxy. Together with a cosmological constant $\Lambda$, CDM constitutes the highly successful $\Lambda$CDM mod...
1,108,101,562,832
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The success of online video sharing platforms (e.g., YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat) has been phenomenal. According to Cisco's annual Visual Network Index (VNI) forecast~\cite{cisco}, video accounts for an overwhelming share of total Internet traffic. With the increasing usage of mobi...
1,108,101,562,833
arxiv
\section{Introduction{\normalsize{}\label{sec:Introduction}}} The zonal (east-west) wind at Jupiter's cloud level dominate the atmospheric circulation, and strongly relate to the observed cloud bands \citet{Fletcher2020a}. The structure of the flow beneath the cloud level has been investigated by several of the instru...
1,108,101,562,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of a particle confined in an one-dimensional infinite square well potential lies at the heart of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, being the simplest problem that illustrates how the wave nature of bound particles implies that their energy is quantized. The generalization of this p...
1,108,101,562,835
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bayesian inference offers a principled approach to learn about unknown variables from data using a probabilistic analysis. The conclusions we draw are based on the posterior distribution which, in all but the simplest cases, is intractable. We can however probe the posterior using a host of tech...
1,108,101,562,836
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a large number of inference problems in economics and statistics in which the parameter of interest is of the form $\phi(\theta_0)$, where $\theta_0$ is an unknown parameter depending on the underlying distribution of the data and $\phi$ is a known map. In these settings, it is common...
1,108,101,562,837
arxiv
\subsection*{Statement of Contributions} The first contribution of this paper is to demonstrate fundamental limitations on the performance of {\it any} distributed optimization algorithm in the presence of adversaries. In particular, we show that it is impossible to develop an algorithm that always finds optimal solut...
1,108,101,562,838
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \thispagestyle{empty} In \cite{OV}, extending the ideas of \cite{Witten, GV-geometry}, Ooguri and Vafa made a remarkable prediction: the colored HOMFLYPT invariant of a link in the 3-sphere is the count of all holomorphic curves in the resolved conifold with boundary on the shifted Lagrangian ...
1,108,101,562,839
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Advanced techniques about 3D video \cite{r1}, 360 panorama video \cite{r2}, light field \cite{r3}, etc., have received more and more attentions and have widely researched due to their practically applied values. However, the information carrier of these techniques mainly refers to image, thus In...
1,108,101,562,840
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} Let $D\subset {\mathbb R}^2$ be a bounded elastic body such that its exterior $D^c:={\mathbb R}^2\backslash\overline{D}$ is connected, and let $D^c$ be occupied by a homogeneous and isotropic elastic medium. Suppose that a time-harmonic elastic plane wave of the form \begin{eqnar...
1,108,101,562,841
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction} A photonic crystal slab (PhCS) is a layer of dielectric where refractive index is periodically modulated within the plane of the slab\cite{phcs_old1,phcs_old2,Johnson:1999}. Such devices have attracted much attention because of their potential applications to various optoelectronic devices an...
1,108,101,562,842
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Helium atoms repel electrons due to their fully-filled 1s$^2$ electronic configurations~\cite{elec_eion_LHe}. This fermionic repulsion causes the displacement of liquid Helium upon the approach of high-energy electrons, generating vacuum bubbles that trap the incoming electron. The resulting sing...
1,108,101,562,843
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most stars are born in clustered environments \citep[e.g.,][]{ladalada2003} and their formation may be significantly different than in isolated regions such as the well studied Taurus cloud. For example, the shape and extent of prestellar cores and their subsequent evolution may be affected thro...
1,108,101,562,844
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The long-standing interest to higher derivative gravity theories is based on their critical importance for quantum extensions of gravity. In this case the general fourth order gravity represents a minimal UV completion in the vacuum (purely metric) sector of the theory. Such a theory is renormal...
1,108,101,562,845
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming more and more popular as a tool to support human decision making in complex environments. Among others, Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach to tackle temporally extended hard optimization problems \cite{DBLP:books/lib/SuttonB98}. ...
1,108,101,562,846
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic properties of thin films on solid state surfaces strongly depend on surface chemical composition, crystal structure, surface crystallographic orientation, film thickness, interatomic distances, etc. The combined effects of all these conditions on the surface magnetism may lead to unexpec...
1,108,101,562,847
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall \cite{Back_etal_2019,Wolf_Ley_2019}. The disease begins when disturbed blood flow creates a small lesion in the artery wall, allowing fatty compounds called lipids to enter from the bloodstream attached to low...
1,108,101,562,848
arxiv
\subsection{Amplitude definition} We consider the process \begin{align}\label{eq:process} g(p_1) + g(p_2) \to Z(p_3) + H(p_4) , \end{align} with $p_1^2 = p_2^2 = 0$, $p_3^2=m_Z^2$ and $p_4^2=m_H^2$. The Mandelstam invariants are defined by \begin{align} \label{eq:invariants} s = \left(p_1 + p_2 \right)^2\;,\; t = \l...
1,108,101,562,849
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although black holes are popularly thought of as simply sucking matter towards them, the astrophysical reality is rather different: energetic jets of matter are ejected in opposite directions away from near black holes, sometimes emitting as they do so via e.g.\ synchrotron radiation \citep{Begel...
1,108,101,562,850
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Coronavirus Disease 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) COVID-19 has spread all over the world, causing a major blow to the economies of all countries around the world\cite{sohrabi2020world,lai2020asymptomatic}. The early infection symptoms of the virus contain almost all the symptoms of common cold,...
1,108,101,562,851
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Schibsted Media Group is a global online marketplace company that operates multiple verticals in more than 20 countries. Marketplaces provide a platform where sellers post their items for sale and buyers search for the items they want. The items can range from low-value ones su...
1,108,101,562,852
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*} \centering \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{imgs/dataset-shiry.pdf} \vspace{-4mm} \caption{{\em Speaker-specific gesture dataset}. We show a representative video frame for each speaker in our dataset. Below each one is a heatmap depicting the frequency that their arms ...
1,108,101,562,853
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \subsection{Background} A milestone in representation theory was the Kazhdan-Lusztig (KL) theory initiated in \cite{KL} (and completed in \cite{BB, BK}), which offered a powerful solution to the difficult problem of determining the irreducible characters in the BGG category $\mc ...
1,108,101,562,854
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum entanglement is a remarkable resource in the theory of quantum information, with various applications \cite{nielsen, di}. A multipartite quantum state that is not separable with respect to any bi-partition is said to be genuine multipartite entangled \cite{guhnerev}. As one of th...
1,108,101,562,855
arxiv
\section{Observations and data reduction} \subsection{Sample} \label{s2_1} \begin{table*} \begin{center} \caption { Observational and physical parameters of the $\rho$-Oph objects. Column 1: name of object; 2: spectral type; 3: J magnitude; 4: K magnitude; 5: J-band extinction; 6: luminosity; 7: mass; 8: effective t...
1,108,101,562,856
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A few years after Paczy\'nski's proposal (Paczy\'nski~1986), the {\sc eros}\ collaboration engaged in long term micro\-lensing observations towards the Magellanic Clouds in order to probe the Galactic halo. \eros1 and {\sc macho}\ experiments set strong limits on the maximum contribution ...
1,108,101,562,857
arxiv
\section{Experiments} \label{sect:exp} \footnotetext{The best models reported in the works of \citet{radford2019language} and \citet{trinh2018simple} are trained on a much larger corpus from Common Crawl. } In this section, we will introduce the datasets to train and evaluate our models for commonsense reasoning, th...
1,108,101,562,858
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Ocean surface waves penetrate tens to hundreds of kilometres into the sea ice-covered ocean, causing the ice to bend and flex. The ice cover can only endure a certain degree of flexure before it fractures into floes with diameters on the order of the local wavelengths. In this way, waves regul...
1,108,101,562,859
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $q=p^h$ be a prime power. A polynomial $f(x)\in \mathbb{F}_q[x]$ is a {\it permutation polynomial} (PP) if it is a bijection of the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ into itself. On the other hand, each permutation of $\mathbb{F}_q$ can be expressed as a polynomial over $\mathbb{F}_q$. Permutation...
1,108,101,562,860
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Generic inflationary theories predict that the initial conditions of the universe are Gaussian random fields with a nearly scale invariant or Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) carries the imprint of such random fields in the temperature fluctuation...
1,108,101,562,861
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concept of mass of a gravitating system in general relativity, especially a non-isolated one, has been the subject of much research. The equivalence principle forbids the introduction of an energy density for the gravitational field because, locally, one can eliminate this field....
1,108,101,562,862
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The notions of bounded languages and semilinear sets and languages are old ones in the area of formal languages (see e.g.\ \cite{GinsburgCFLs}), and they have been used and applied extensively. To recall, a language $L\subseteq \Sigma^*$ is {\em bounded} if there exist word...
1,108,101,562,863
arxiv
\subsection{A lower bound on sums of $S$-units} \label{subsec:s-unit} We will prove the following lemma. \begin{lemma} \label{lem:same sign} Let $\mathbf{v}\defeq\mathbf{u}^{(\ell)}$, for some $0\le\ell<P$. There exist $z_1,\ldots,z_d\in\mathbb{C}$ such that $\sum_{i=1}^d z_i \lambda_i^n$ is real for all $n\i...
1,108,101,562,864
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) is indispensable to cope with ever increasing volumes of valuable information. An abstract is by far the most concrete and most recognized kind of text condensation \cite{ANS:79}. Sentences extraction allows to generate summaries by extraction sentences \cite{...
1,108,101,562,865
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the hierarchical scenario of structure formation, clusters of galaxies are formed by gravitational mergers of smaller units as groups and sub-clusters. The presence of substructures in the X-ray images is indication of cluster mergers and is typical for irregular clusters. Regular clusters (...
1,108,101,562,866
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The method of separation of variables in integrable lattice models, proposed by Sklyanin, is a method to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of transfer matrices. It is an alternative to the Bethe ansatz and works in some situations where the Bethe ansatz does not, and gives an insight in the comp...
1,108,101,562,867
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Within the last years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become a standard solution to image processing and computer vision problems such as object detection and image segmentation. The RoboCup competitions are no exception to this, with many teams using neural networks for the image proc...
1,108,101,562,868
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The detection of fast radio transients in archival records of the Parkes Pulsar Survey resulted in the discovery of two classes of objects. The first group, rotating radio transient (RRAT), was determined to consist of galactic objects. These are pulsars with rare pulses (with intervals be...
1,108,101,562,869
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In hybrid models of inflation \cite{linde94} a non-equilibrium Higgs transition leads to the (p)reheating of the universe. The accompanying spinodal instability \cite{felder01,asaka00} determines the initial particle composition and also might have important impact on baryogenesis \cite{smit04}...
1,108,101,562,870
arxiv
\section{Intrinsic Evaluation} \label{sec:intrinsic} We report here on an empirical investigation of the self-normalization properties of NCE language modeling as compared to the alternative methods described in the previous sections. \subsection{Experimental Settings} \label{subsec:experimental_settings} We investi...
1,108,101,562,871
arxiv
\subsubsection*{Acknowledgements} We thank Doug Erwin, Ricardo Hausmann, Cesar Hidalgo, Jos\'e Lobo and Geoffrey West for discussions. This research is partially supported by the Rockefeller Foundation, the James S. McDonnell Foundation (grant no. 220020195), the National Science Foundation (grant no. 103522), th...
1,108,101,562,872
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of semantic understanding of indoors environments is central to many service robotic applications where objects need to be sought and recognized. The two most common strategies for tackling the problem of object detection/search is to either train an object category or instance specif...
1,108,101,562,873
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[h!] \noindent\makebox[\textwidth]{ \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.45]{./final_figures/figure_1.pdf} } \caption{M-VADER: image synthesis with multimodal context. The guidance prompt, comprised of interleaved images and text, is embedded using a multimodal decoder, S-M...
1,108,101,562,874
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Inflation is the leading scenario for describing the very early Universe, solving at the same time major cosmological problems. One of most the important aspects of the inflationary paradigm is the natural production of primordial fluctuations in the density field, which will constitute the orig...
1,108,101,562,875
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this paper is to develop a diagrammatic language for $5$-dimensional contact manifolds. This is motivated by (but does not depend on) the deep result of Giroux~\cite{giro02}, which says that any closed contact manifold (in any odd dimension) admits an open book decomposition adapted to...
1,108,101,562,876
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is widely believed that the standard model (SM) of electroweak interactions \cite{SM}, although so far in beautiful agreement with experimental data, is not a final theory, but rather an effective low energy theory\footnote{% For a recent review and complete list of references on the applicat...
1,108,101,562,877
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) are chemically and mechanically stable making them ideal systems for studying physics in two dimension (2D). The reduced dimensionality leads to a notably strong Coulomb interaction between charge carriers \cite{PhysRevLett.105.136805}. T...
1,108,101,562,878
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the last four years $e^+e^-$ collision experiments at LEP and at the SLAC linear collider have beautifully confirmed the predictions the Standard Model (SM). At present experiment and theory generally agree at the 1\% level or better in the determination of the vector boson couplings to the...
1,108,101,562,879
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Full Model PSO can be modeled using combinations of Ring and Star topologies in combination with Synchronous and Asynchronous Particle Updates. The four types of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are the Full Model, Cognition Model, Social Model, and Selfless Model. The Full Mode...
1,108,101,562,880
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgments} \label{sec:acknowledgments} A polite author always includes acknowledgments. Thank everyone, especially those who funded the work. \section{System Design} \label{sec:approach} \subsection{Architecture} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{figures/rou...
1,108,101,562,881
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and Open Problems} In this paper we have determined the conditions under which random intersection graphs exhibit two types of algorithmically useful structure. We proved that graphs in $G(n,m,p)$ are structurally sparse (have bounded expansion) precisely when the number of attributes in the asso...
1,108,101,562,882
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction} Introduction} Nanocrystals and nanorods are valued for their unique electronic and optical properties which differ substantially from bulk materials of the same composition~\cite{smallisdifferent}. They are being exploited in a host of applications (including imaging in biolog...
1,108,101,562,883
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1584, Catholic Monk Giordano Bruno asserted that there are countless suns and countless earths, and all these earths are revolving around their respective suns. When he said this in public, he was removed from the Church by charging that he was against the religion. But, this fact was found...
1,108,101,562,884
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Clusters of galaxies are ideal laboratories to probe the evolution and formation of cosmic structures. Apart from luminous matter, they consist of intracluster medium (ICM), which can be studied through X-ray astronomy (e.g., \citealt{Sarazin1986}). The ICM is mixed wi...
1,108,101,562,885
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Subjectivity classification \cite{wiebe-etal-1999-development} is one of the integral parts of sentiment analysis (opinion mining). Its basic purpose is to determine if a sentence or phrase is subjective or objective \cite{liu2012sentiment}. It can be further used to improve other tasks such as p...
1,108,101,562,886
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The lightest scalar kaonic state listed in the PDG \cite{pdg} is $K_{0}^{\ast }(700)$ (previously called $K_{0}^{\ast}(800),$ see PDG 2016 \cite{pdg2016} and older versions). This state, sometimes called $\kappa$, still \textquotedblleft\textit{needs confirmation\textquotedblright}, but man...
1,108,101,562,887
arxiv
\chapter*{Abstract} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Abstract} \markboth{Abstract}{Abstract} The dominant theme of this thesis is the construction of matrix representations of finite solvable groups using a suitable system of generators. For a finite group $G$, generated by $n$ elements $x_{1}, \dots , x_{n}$, say...
1,108,101,562,888
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Kingman's coalescent \cite{king82,king82b} is one of the central models of mathematical population genetics. From the theoretical perspective, its importance is linked to the duality with the Fisher-Wright diffusion (and more generally with the Fleming-Viot process). Therefore the Kingman coal...
1,108,101,562,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} Correlations between two identical bosons, called Bose\,--\,Einstein correlations (BEC), are a well-known phenomenon in high-energy and nuclear physics. These correlations play an important role in the studies of multiparticle production and soft physics. Constructive interferen...
1,108,101,562,890
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with double power nonlinearity \[ \label{nls}\tag{NLS} i\pt_tu =-\Delta u -a|u|^{p-1}u -b|u|^{q-1}u,\quad (t,x)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^N, \] where \begin{equation}\label{asmp} N\in\mb{N},\quad a>0,\quad b>0,\quad 1<p<1+\frac{4...
1,108,101,562,891
arxiv
\section{Keywords:} information transfer, information storage, intrinsic computation, complex networks, information theory, transfer entropy, Java, MATLAB, Octave, Python} \fi \end{abstract} \ifarXiv \pacs{89.70.Cf, 05.65.+b, 89.75.Fb, 87.19.lo} \keywords{information transfer, information storage, intrinsic computat...
1,108,101,562,892
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Complex systems are often studied by looking at their dynamics and the equilibria induced by these dynamics. In this paper we concentrate on specific complex systems arising from \emph{strategic games}. Here we have a set of selfish agents or \emph{players}, each with a set of possible actions or...
1,108,101,562,893
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Main Result} In 1929, Mandelbrojt \cite[p.189]{Mandelbrojt1929} asserted his criterion for normality of a family of holomorphic zero-free functions of one complex variables. That criterion can be considered as a variation of Montel's Theorem. The main purpose of this paper is to est...
1,108,101,562,894
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The average global temperature over a century, the amount of rainfall in a given area throughout one year, or the price of a stock during a trading day are only few of several quantities whose maximal observed value within a fixed period of time $T$ plays a central role. Unders...
1,108,101,562,895
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} High energy density physics (HEDP) is the study of matters under extreme conditions, often designated by $>$ 1 Mbar (100 GPa) pressure or $>$ 100 GJ/m$^3$ energy density\cite{drake2006high}, such as those occurring in heavy ion\cite{Hofmann2018mre}, laser driven fusion\cite{Campbell2017mre} and ...
1,108,101,562,896
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Eigenvalues of large dimensional random matrices have been widely studied in recent years due, in part, to their relevance to statistics, computer science, and theoretical physics. Two classical ensembles which have received considerable attention are Wigner matrices and iid random matrices. El...
1,108,101,562,897
arxiv
\subsection{Overview} Compared to Algorithm~\ref{alg:basictree}, {\sc Treant}{} replaces the {\sc BestSplit} function by revising $(i)$ the computation of predictions on the new leaves, $(ii)$ the selection of the best split and $(iii)$ the dataset partition along the recursion. Before discussing the technical details...
1,108,101,562,898
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neutrino experiments in the last decade have determined a number of neutrino parameters to a good accuracy. Among the currently unknown quantities are (i) the CHOOZ mixing angle $\theta_{13}$, (ii) the sign of atmospheric mass-squared difference and (iii) the CP violating phase $\delta_{CP}$. ...
1,108,101,562,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{I}{N} practice, customer-level rooftop PVs are integrated into distribution systems at behind-the-meter (BTM), where only the net demand is recorded. The measured net demand equals native demand minus the PV generation, which are unknown to utilities separately. T...
1,108,101,562,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $a$, $b$ and $c$ be positive integers, and consider a hexagon of sides $a,b,c,a,b,c$ whose angles are $120^\circ$ (see Figure~\ref{fig:0}.a). The subject of our interest is tilings of this hexagon by rhombi of unit edge-length and angles of $60^\circ$ and $120^\circ$ (see Figure~\ref{fig:0}...
1,108,101,562,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A challenge to the deployment of modern robotic systems to real-world settings is the overall lack of formal safety guarantees. While controller design for complex robotic systems has received much attention, comparatively less effort has been devoted to verifying the safety of the resulting cl...
1,108,101,562,902
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} concept of dual-energy imaging, which was firstly introduced in 1976 \cite{Alvarez1976}, represents a great milestone in diagnostic X-ray imaging. Due to its capability to extract material-specific information non-invasively from an object, dual...
1,108,101,562,903
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In past decades, there have been tremendous efforts on designing high-order accurate numerical schemes for compressible fluid flows and great success has been achieved. High-order accurate numerical schemes were pioneered by Lax and Wendroff \cite{Lax-Wendroff}, and extended into the version of h...
1,108,101,562,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction } The earliest phases of star formation take place deeply embedded in dusty molecular clouds. Most of the mass of the youngest low-mass, so-called Class 0 protostars (\citealt{Andre:1993}) is still in the collapsing envelope, and their spectral energy distribution is entirely dominated by the emi...
1,108,101,562,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations are a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the behavior of electrically conducting compressible fluids (plasmas), which find applications in numerous fields, e.g., space physics, plasma physics, astrophysics, and geophysics, am...
1,108,101,562,906
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Levy walk model is a well-studied model to describe anomalous diffusion, in particular super-diffusion \cite{shlesinger86,klafter93,zumofen93,metzler99}. Among experimental systems the Levy walk model has been used to model the motion of photons in random medium \cite{barthelemy07} and the...
1,108,101,562,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Let $A \subseteq \mathbb{F}_p^n$ be a subset, with $|A+A| \leq K|A|$. The Polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa conjecture, attributed to Marton, asserts that $A$ can be covered by at most $K^{O(1)}$ translates of a subspace of size at most $K^{O(1)} |A|$. An equivalent form of the Polynom...
1,108,101,562,908
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dynamics of electron spin polarization in semiconductor structures~\cite{Wu10a} has attracted a lot of attention recently in the context of spintronics~\cite{Zutic04a}. Typically, the most important mechanism of spin relaxation in semiconductors lacking inversion symmetry is the D'yakonov-Perel...
1,108,101,562,909
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \medskip Let $G$ be a finite group and let $p$ be a prime. The celebrated Alperin Weight Conjecture asserts that the number of conjugacy classes of $G$ consisting of elements of order not divisible by $p$ is exactly the number of $G$-conjugacy classes of $p$-weights. Recall that a {\bf $p$-weigh...
1,108,101,562,910
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} LINC--NIRVANA\cite{2003SPIE.4839..536R} (LN) has been designed to realize the interferometric imaging focal station of the Large Binocular Telescope\cite{2010ApOpt..49..115H} (LBT). It is composed by a Fizeau interferometry ready camera and a double Layer--Oriented\cite{LO1,LO...
1,108,101,562,911
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The electrostatic drift wave possesses the unique feature of being unstable both in the fluid domain of a resistive plasma and in the collision-less kinetic description. In both cases the electrons play an essential role; in the former case, the instability is due to their collisions with heavie...
1,108,101,562,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Convergence of operators in the resolvent sense is a classical issue in operator theory. Early results go back, at least implicitly, to Rayleigh and Schr\"odinger. The first systematic investigations are due to Trotter, Rellich and Kato. If the operators under consideration ar...
1,108,101,562,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} A continuous mapping $f\colon X\to Y$ between topological spaces is said to be a \textit{branched covering} if $f$ is both \textit{discrete} and \textit{open}. Recall that a mapping $f\colon X\to Y$ between two topological spaces is discrete if the preimage $f^{-1}(y)$ of...
1,108,101,562,914
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In supervised learning, an agent is given a collection of training data to fit a model that can predict the outcome of new data points. Due to the growing size of modern data sets and complexity of many machine learning models, a popular approach is to incrementally improve the model with respec...