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1,108,101,563,115
arxiv
\section{Convex-concave procedure}% \label{sec:covexconcave} Any mathematical program with indefinite quadratic functions in the constraint set or the objective can be expressed as a difference of convex (DC) programming problems~\cite{Lipp2016} of the following form: \begin{align} \min_{x} & &f_{0}(x) - g_{0}(x)& \\...
1,108,101,563,116
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We thank F. Grasselli for helpful discussions, and S. Das, S. B\"auml, M. Winczewski and K. Horodecki for clarifying discussions about of the apparent contradiction of our results with Ref.~\cite{das2019universal}. We also thank an anonymous referee for valuable comments that inspired us to ...
1,108,101,563,117
arxiv
\section*{ Introduction} In our previous papers \cite{telegin10,telegin11} we have evaluated contributions from various beam-pipe components to the longitudinal BB impedance of the NESTOR ring which is under construction in NSC KIPT \cite{zelinsky05}. Both analytical formulas and simulation codes were used for this pu...
1,108,101,563,118
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supersymmetry (SUSY) is a leading candidate for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). It is the only extension of the bosonic spacetime Poincar$\acute{e}$ symmetry to include a fermionic spacetime. Superstring theory, the currently prevailing paradigm of quantum gravity, generally includes ...
1,108,101,563,119
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gravitational wave (GW) interferometers currently taking data, and under development or construction, have as a possible target a stochastic background of GWs of cosmological origin (for reviews, see\cite{thorne,allen:1996vm,Maggiore:1999vm,Maggiore:2000gv}, for recent results, see \cite{ligonat...
1,108,101,563,120
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\setcounter{equation}{0}\quad Vortex rings in fluids are well-studied using a variety of analytic, numerical and experimental techniques (for a review see \cite{SL}). The interaction of multiple vortex rings produces complex dynamical behaviour, such as the leapfrogging locomotion of a pair of vo...
1,108,101,563,121
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \title{Segmentation-free x-ray energy spectrum estimation for computed tomography} \author{Wei Zhao\supit{a}, Qiude Zhang\supit{a}, Tianye Niu\supit{b} \skiplinehalf \supit{a}Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China 430074;...
1,108,101,563,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Studying violations of local Lorentz invariance in the spacetime theory of gravity is a way to probe General Relativity. To search for Lorentz violation in pure gravity, some short-range experiments\cite{1,2,3} such as testing the gravitational inverse-square law using a torsion pendulum were per...
1,108,101,563,123
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction} The seminal papers by Swerling \cite{swerl}, K\'alm\'an \cite{kal}, and K\'alm\'an and Bucy \cite{kalbuc} instigated the development of data-fusion algorithms for systems of known dynamical behaviour, the family of the Kalman Filters (KFs). The KFs are simple methods ...
1,108,101,563,124
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The objective of low-rank approximation is to approximate a given matrix by one with low-rank structure. It is an essential tool in many applications like computer vision \cite{turk1991eigenfaces}, signal processing \cite{parker2005signal}, recommender systems \cite{drineas2002competitive}, na...
1,108,101,563,125
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intr} We study discretization of $L_q$ norms of functions from finite dimensional subspaces. In the case of $1\le q<\infty$ this problem can be formulated as a problem of numerical integration. Let us return to the question of discretization of $L_q$ norm after a general discussion of the...
1,108,101,563,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The most fascinating aspect of the Casimir effect is that it attributes a physical significance to the vacuum zero-point energy of electromagnetic radiation~\cite{milonni}. This is all the more surprising as electromagnetic zero-point energy seems initially to be a theoretical malfunction, a spur...
1,108,101,563,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} {P}{edestrians} are the vulnerable road users and account for 23\% of world traffic deaths in 2018 according to WHO\citep{RN261}. Naturally, China has the most pedestrians around the world due to its largest population and traffic developing state, and pedestrian safety h...
1,108,101,563,128
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past two decades, several high-stakes decision-making domains such as the child-welfare system (CWS), criminal justice system, education, and medical services have increasingly turned towards risk assessment algorithms as a means to standardize and improve decision-making. Facing severel...
1,108,101,563,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Discrete valued time series are increasingly of practical importance with applications in diverse fields such as analysis of crime statistics, econometric modelling, high frequency financial data, animal behaviour, epidemiological assessments and disease outbreak monitoring, and modern biology ...
1,108,101,563,130
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Thermoelectric materials have attracted a great deal of interest due to their remarkable applications in meeting the world's demand for generating electricity from waste heat and solid-state Peltier coolers\,\cite{dis, nol1, sny}. The thermoelectric efficiency of a material is determined by the ...
1,108,101,563,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Within a spin torque oscillator (STO), magnetic auto-oscillations, with MHz to GHz frequencies, are driven by the spin transfer torque (STT) associated with injection of DC spin current. Their frequency and amplitude can be tuned via either the DC electrical bias current or an applied magnetic f...
1,108,101,563,132
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coherent states [1-2] are widely used in many aspects of quantum physics. The bosonic coherent state, which describes the quantum state of laser, obeys coordinate-momentum minimum uncertainty relation and possesses non-orthonormal and over-complete properties. Generalized coherent states has bee...
1,108,101,563,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The goal of this paper is to explain some phenomena arising in the realization of tractor bundles in conformal geometry as associated bundles. In order to form an associated bundle one chooses a principal bundle with normal Cartan connection (i.e., a normal parabolic geometry) c...
1,108,101,563,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} The pressing demand for high data rate in wireless communications networks coupled with the fact that mobile devices are physically small and power-limited by batteries, has driven the notion of energy harvesting (EH) to become a promising resolution for green communicatio...
1,108,101,563,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are some prediction tasks where the output labels are discrete and are periodic. For example, consider the problem of pose estimation. Although pose can be a continuous variable, in practice, it is often discretized $e.g.$, in 5-degree intervals. Because of the periodic nature of pos...
1,108,101,563,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a 128-bit block cipher with 128/192/256 - bit key, defined in the FIPS 197 standard \cite{NI01}. AES is a mandatory building block of the TLS 1.3 \cite{Re18} security protocol and is widely used for storage encryption, shared-secret authentication, ...
1,108,101,563,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction} What is the defining (or vanishing) ideal of a finite set ${\mathbb X}$ of points in the affine space? The standard answer is that it is the set of all the polynomials which vanish at~${\mathbb X}$. And there are very efficient methods to compute it, based on Buchberger-M\"oller's algorithm ...
1,108,101,563,138
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Variational autoencoders (VAE) (\cite{Kingma} and \cite{Rezende2014}) are described by \citet{Goodfellow2016} as an ``excellent manifold learning algorithm'' due to the fact that the model is forced ``to learn a predictable coordinate system that the encoder can capture''. VAE do so by using a ...
1,108,101,563,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large-scale, highly collimated energetic plasma outflows are observed in some active galactic nuclei (AGN). Many models have been proposed for the formation of these jets \citep{Ferrari:1998p1023}, but their launching, collimation, and stability remain open issues. Recent observations indicate th...
1,108,101,563,140
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:introduction} Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) are research hotspots in the field of robots, autonomous driving, augmented reality, etc. Camera and inertial measurement units (IMU) are low-cost and effective sensors. The Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) combines the compleme...
1,108,101,563,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are the primary reservoirs of molecular gas within spiral galaxies. Star formation is tightly correlated with the molecular column density within spiral galaxies \citep{wong02}, and is therefore controlled by the formation and evolution of these giant clouds. In th...
1,108,101,563,142
arxiv
\section{} \section{\label{intro}Introduction} The signature of a normal diffusive process is that the mean-squared displacement grows linearly in time. That is, if $X(t)$ denotes the one-dimensional position of the diffusive particle at time $t\ge0$, then \begin{align}\label{normal} \mathbb{E}\big[\big(X(t)-X(...
1,108,101,563,143
arxiv
\section{Observations} Since 1993, the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) 5.5-m telescope (see \cite{Herbig}) has been used for extensive observations at 32~GHz of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of $7^\prime\!-22^\prime$. The receiver input is switched at 500~Hz between two beams of $7^\...
1,108,101,563,144
arxiv
\section{Element Jacobi Smoothing} \label{app:ej} Fidkowski~et~al.~\cite{Fidkowski2005} investigated the use of \emph{p}-multigrid on the convergence of implicit DG with Element-Jacobi (EJ) smoothing. As a canonical approach for solving implicit systems of equations we have included this method to provide a benchma...
1,108,101,563,145
arxiv
\subsection{Introduction} With the growing interest in quantum information theory, quantum cryptography has become a key research area. One way of ensuring secure communication is to establish a secret key between the two communication partners, \emph{Alice} and \emph{Bob}, with which they can later encode and decod...
1,108,101,563,146
arxiv
\section{Models and assumptions} {\bf Model assumptions.} A standard concordance cosmology with $H_0= 70$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, $\Omega{_m} = 0.30$, and $\Omega{_\Lambda} = 0.70$ is adopted, \blue{which gives a scale of 5.63 kpc/$\mbox{\ensuremath{^{\prime\prime}}}$ at $z=6.4$.} All magnitudes are presented in the AB...
1,108,101,563,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Template matching by normalized cross correlation (NCC) is widely used in computer vision applications such as image registration, stereo matching, motion estimation, object detection and localization, and visual tracking \cite{, avants2008symmetric, heo2011robust, lewis1995fast, luo2010fast, s...
1,108,101,563,148
arxiv
\section{Evaluating safety contracts for UWB Geofencing}\label{sec:evaluating} From SR2 we know that our system described above must provide a stop command to the AGV in sufficient time for it to stop before entering the danger zone. In this section we describe experiments conducted to determine the nature of the safe...
1,108,101,563,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro} The simplest model for describing a spherical star in equilibrium is the well-known Lane-Emden equation (see Ref.~\cite{chandrasekhar1957introduction} and references therein) \begin{equation} \frac{1}{x^2}\frac{d}{dx}\left( x^2 \frac{d\Theta}{dx}\right) + \Theta^N = 0, \label{...
1,108,101,563,150
arxiv
\section{ Introduction and Motivation} For a given quantum state of a many-body system with density matrix $\rho$, measurements of observables $O_{A}$ supported inside a spatial subregion $A$ are determined by the reduced density matrix $\rho_{A}$, defined by \begin{equation}\label{red} {\rm Tr}(\rho O_{A})={\rm Tr}_...
1,108,101,563,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The completeness and separability of function spaces is useful and important in functional analysis. The completeness is especially effective in guaranteeing the limit of a sequence of functions in methods of successive approximation, and the separability enables us to obtain con...
1,108,101,563,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum physics is a technically difficult and abstract subject.~\cite{griffiths} The subject matter makes instruction quite challenging and students perpetually struggle to master basic concepts.~\cite{galvez,zollman,styer,narst,theme,my1,phystoday,my2,my3,my4,my5,fischler} Here I discuss the...
1,108,101,563,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Globular Clusters (GCs) are ideal laboratories to study the formation and properties of exotic interacting stellar systems such as Blue Stragglers (BSSs), X-ray Binaries, Cataclysmic Variables etc. BSSs are stars located above the main sequence turn-off (MSTO) in the Color-Magnitude Diagram (CMD...
1,108,101,563,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \begin{figure}[ht] \centering {\includegraphics[height=5.9cm, width=8.5cm]{mainpaper/images/teaser-new.png}} \caption{\textbf{Motivation for MulT.} Our MulT model, which is a transformer-based encoder-decoder model with shared attention to learn task inter-dependencies, produce...
1,108,101,563,155
arxiv
\subsection{Steady-state Hyper-elasticity} The first of our examples is a hyper-elastic material model in the context of large deformation, applied to a cylindrical tube. The strong form can be expressed as, find $U_i$ such that \begin{equation} \begin{cases} \nabla \cdot \mathbf{P} = \boldsymbol{0}\ \ &\text{on}\ \O...
1,108,101,563,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) \cite{SNO1} is a heavy water Cherenkov detector located at a depth of 2010 m in INCO's Creighton Mine near Sudbury, Canada. The detector uses 1000 tonnes of ultrapure heavy water as a target material contained in a 12 m diameter acrylic sphere to detect so...
1,108,101,563,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Differential privacy (DP), proposed by \citet{dwork2006calibrating}, is the state-of-the-art framework in formal privacy protection and is being implemented by tech companies, government agencies, and academic institutions. Over time, the DP community has developed many new DP mechanisms as well ...
1,108,101,563,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Much has been achieved in our understanding of 2d quantum gravity, both from the point of view of Liouville theory \cite{ddk} and from a discretized point of view \cite{david,adf,adfo,kkm}. However, the simplest and most fundamental concept in gravity, the concept of {\it distance}, has only rece...
1,108,101,563,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \glspl{frb} are short-duration, broad-band, dispersed pulses that are detected at radio frequencies. They are mostly classified by virtue of their dispersion being far in excess of the expected Galactic contribution. As for radio pulsars, for FRBs, where we observe the pulse ov...
1,108,101,563,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the theory of quantum fields on curved space-times one considers gravity as a classical background and investigates quantum fields propagating on this background. The structure of spacetime is described by a manifold ${\cal M}$ with metric $g_{\mu\nu}$. Because of the large difference between ...
1,108,101,563,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The effort in developing non-linear image reconstruction algorithms for X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been steadily increasing over the past couple of decades. The non-linearity arises from incorporation of some forms of prior information in the reconstruction proce...
1,108,101,563,162
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of several peculiar Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) has drawn the attention both to the photometric and spectroscopic diversity among this class of otherwise homogeneous transients. The dispersion of the luminosity--decline rate relation \citep{phillips:1993,hamuy:1995,hamuya:1996} c...
1,108,101,563,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Statement of Results} Given a finite, simple graph $G = (V(G),E(G))$, an independent set $I$ is a subset of $V(G)$ so that if $v,w \in I$, then $vw \notin E(G)$. The \emph{size} of an independent set is $|I|$. We will let $i(G)$ denote the number of independent sets in $G$ and $i_t(G)$ deno...
1,108,101,563,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \subsection{Overview} Let $\mathbf{k}$ be a field of characteristic zero and $X$ be a smooth geometrically connected projective curve over~$\mathbf{k}$ (geometric connectedness means that $X$ remains connected after the base change to an algebraic closure of $\mathbf{k}$). In~\ci...
1,108,101,563,165
arxiv
\subsection*{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS} Dong-Sheng Ding and Ming-Xin Dong contributed this paper equally. We thank Guo-Yong Xiang professor for loaning a SLM. This work was supported by National Key R\&D Program of China (2017YFA0304800), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61525504, 61722510, 614...
1,108,101,563,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Traditionally, a classification task is to assign items (instances) in a data-set to target categories (classes) based on classifier(s) learnt by training instances. In binary classification there are only two classes or categories and all instances in the data set will be assigned one of them. T...
1,108,101,563,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theory of mean field games (MFGs for short) is more and more investigated since the pioneering works \cite{ll06-1,ll06-2,ll07} of Lasry and Lions: it aims at studying the asymptotic behaviour of differential games (Nash equilibria) as the number of agents tends to infinity. In the pre...
1,108,101,563,168
arxiv
\subsection{RS scheme for the asymmetric case: a $(4{,}2{,}3)$ BC example}\label{sec:BC423} We constitute the RS transmission block for the $(4{,}2{,}3)$ BC as follows. \begin{itemize} \item $1$ private symbol, denoted by $u_1$, is sent to Rx1 along a ZF-precoder $\mathbf{v}_1{=}\mathbf{H}_2^{\bot}{\in}\mathbb{C}^{4{...
1,108,101,563,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{HL2} and \cite{HL1}, Hutchings and Lee investigate circle-valued Morse theory for Riemannian manifolds $X$ with first Betti number $b_1 \geq 1$. Given a generic Morse function $\phi\co X\to S^1$ representing an element of infinite order in $H^1(X;\zee)$ and having no extrema, they dete...
1,108,101,563,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, uniformly doped quantum wells (QWs) have generated increasing interest due to the long relaxation times measured therein.\cite{tribollet2, eble,chamarro} The long relaxation times are due to spins localized on donor centers. While similar relaxation times have been measured in m...
1,108,101,563,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Linear algebra is a fundamental building block of many of today's critical applications; from weather modeling~\cite{Coiffier2011} to ubiquitous DNN~\cite{Deisenroth2020} workloads. Its importance is reflected in the large number of accelerator libraries and hardware devices devoted to fast li...
1,108,101,563,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivation} The notion of residual properties was first introduced by Philip Hall in 1954 \cite{PH54}. Let $X$ be a class of groups. $G$ is residually-$X$ if, for every non-identity element $g$ in $G$, there is an epimorph of $G$ in $X$ such that the element corresponding to $g$ is not the ide...
1,108,101,563,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} performance of modern communication networks is largely constrained by the limited battery life of wireless devices (WDs). Once the energy is depleted, a WD needs manual replacement/recharging of its battery, which can result in frequent interruption to normal device operati...
1,108,101,563,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} We consider a general probabilistic model on the torus $\T_L=\Z^d/L\Z^d$, whose realisations live in a product of local spaces. Each local space is associated to one of the vertices of $\T_L$ and elements of the local spaces interact with each other according to a probability mea...
1,108,101,563,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the design of beam transfer lines, one often encounters the problem of finding a combination of quadrupole lenses and field free spaces (drifts) that will produce particular transfer matrices in both the horizontal and the vertical planes. Nowadays this problem is typically approached wi...
1,108,101,563,176
arxiv
\section{Representation functions of sumsets} Let $A$ be a set of integers and let $h \geq 2$ be an integer. The \emph{counting function} $A(x)$ counts the number of positive integers in the set $A$ that do not exceed $x$. The $h$-fold sumset $hA$ is the set of all integers $n$ that can be written as sums of $h$...
1,108,101,563,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two common approaches to probabilistically describe conditional dependence structures are based on undirected graphs (Markov networks) and directed acyclic graphs (DAG) (Bayesian networks), e.g.~\cite{pearl}. The vertices of the graph represent variables, while the presence (absence) of an...
1,108,101,563,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A time-dependent spacetime metric can result in quantum particle creation, as was first discussed by Parker~\cite{Parker} in the context of the expansion of the universe. The cosmological creation of gravitons was discussed by Grishchuk~\cite{Grishchuk:1975}, using the equation for tensor pertu...
1,108,101,563,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In economics, an agent is defined by her preferences and beliefs, in psychology by her values, attitudes and feelings. One also talks about \textquotedblleft eliciting\textquotedblright\ or \textquotedblleft revealing\textquotedblright\ preferences and attitudes. This tacitly presumes that those...
1,108,101,563,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interior methods for nonlinear optimization~\cite{wachter2006implementation,Byrd2006,Vanderbei1999,GONDZIO1995} are essential in many areas of science and engineering. They are commonly used in model predictive control with applications to robotics \cite{sleiman2019contact}, autonomous cars \cite...
1,108,101,563,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} \setcounter{equation}{0} Let $(M,g)$ be a closed connected Riemannian manifold with cotangent bundle $\pi:T^*M\to M$. Denote by $\omega_0=-d\lambda$ the canonical symplectic form on $T^*M$, where $\lambda=pdq$ is the Liouville $1$-form in local coordinates $(q,p)$ of $T^*M$. Let $(\...
1,108,101,563,182
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, under grants MOST-106-2112-M-006-010-MY2 (CHC).
1,108,101,563,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Shear thickening is a rheological process in which the viscosity increases as the shear rate increases. There are two types of shear thickenings, the continuous shear thickening (CST) and the discontinuous shear thickening (DST). In particular, the DST is used for ind...
1,108,101,563,184
arxiv
\section{Charm production at the \lhcb experiment} \label{sec:LHCb} \lhcb\cite{Alves:2008zz}, the dedicated flavor experiment at CERN\xspace's Large Hadron Collider (LHC\xspace), is the only LHC\xspace experiment with a broad charm physics program including measurements of charm \ensuremath{C\!P}\xspace violatio...
1,108,101,563,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \vspace{-2mm} Deep neural networks have dominated computer vision and machine learning in recent years, and this has led to their widespread deployment in real-world systems \citep{Cao2018,Chen2018,Kamilaris2018,Ker2018,Wang2018}. However, many current multi-class classi...
1,108,101,563,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Let $M$ be an $n$-dimensional compact oriented manifold and $S$ be a subset of $\partial M$. We denote the group of orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of $M$ whose restrictions on $S$ are identity by $\mathrm{Diff} (M, S)$, the subgroups of them consisting of elements tha...
1,108,101,563,187
arxiv
\section{introduction} Just as a 4-manifold can have many inequivalent smooth structures, there can be many different smooth embeddings of surfaces into a 4-manifold which are topologically isotopic, but smoothly distinct. Two embeddings of the same surface that have this property are called \emph{exotic embeddings}....
1,108,101,563,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Speculations about the composite nature of leptons and quarks have been developed during a long period of time \cite{general}. With the help of compositeness of fundamental fermions one could hope to inderstand a number of principal features of the Standard Model scheme such as the structure of ...
1,108,101,563,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The charging of an object in a plasma is one of the basic problems in plasma physics. The understanding of this process is important in studies of interactions between the plasma and the object, or between many objects in a plasma. The question is particularly important in studies of dusty plasma...
1,108,101,563,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we establish relations between the arc space and the Lipschitz geometry of a singular real algebraic variety. The interest in the Lipschitz geometry of real analytic and algebraic spaces emerged in the 70's of the last century by a conjecture of Siebenmann and Sullivan: there are...
1,108,101,563,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite the many advances in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, there are still areas where learning mechanisms have not yielded performance comparable to humans. Computer chess is a prime example of the difficulties in such fields. It is well-known that computer games have served as...
1,108,101,563,192
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Engineering the desired functionality of a material through nanostructuring has proven a powerful approach that is particularly well suited for two-dimensional (2D) materials. Often, the goal of such engineering involves shifting spectral weight to the Fermi level or increasing the coupling of ...
1,108,101,563,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation} Recent conceptual developments in the quantum Internet have allowed to start defining layer models for quantum network architectures \cite{QIavision,IETFlinklayer}. Similar to the OSI model for the classical Internet, these models separate physical and application issues...
1,108,101,563,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Quantum Chromodynamics [QCD], the theory of the strong interactions within the Standard Model of particle physics~\cite{QCD,QCD-2,asyfree,asyfree-2}, describes the building blocks of strongly interacting particles, like proton, neutron and many others, and the forces acting ...
1,108,101,563,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Materials, especially metals, sparsely doped with magnetic impurities have been widely investigated throughout the last 50 years primarily because some of them display the fascinating Kondo effect \cite{Kondo1964}. Such systems can serve as an ideal playground to explore the underlying many body...
1,108,101,563,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Machine learning (ML) has become the driving force pushing diverse computational services like search engines, robotics, traffic forecasting, natural language processing, and medical diagnosis, to only mention a few. This has led to a more diverse group of people affecte...
1,108,101,563,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is known that the energy in a three dimensional homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flow cascades forward, from the forcing scales to the dissipative scales~\cite{k41}. When Reynolds number is high enough, an intermediate range of scales develops where the energy flux is constant~\cite{fris...
1,108,101,563,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} LIBOR market models (LMMs) are nowadays widely used by practitioners to valuate market instruments which depend on interest rate movements, such as caps or swaptions. These models are popular due to their relative ease of calibration coupled with the possibility to economically interpret the rel...
1,108,101,563,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last decade, thanks to the discovery and study of afterglow emission and host galaxies, it has been possible to estimate the redshift of several tens of Gamma--Ray Bursts (GRBs), and thus to derive their distance scale, luminosities and other intrinsic properties. Among these, the correl...
1,108,101,563,200
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let~${\mathcal A}=(A_n)_{n\ge1}$ be a sequence of integers. A prime~$p$ is called a \emph{primitive divisor of~$A_n$} if \[ p\mid A_n\qquad\text{and}\qquad p\nmid A_i\quad\text{for all $1\le i<n$.} \] The \emph{Zsigmondy set of~${\mathcal A}$} is the set \[ {\mathcal Z}({\mathcal A}) = \big...
1,108,101,563,201
arxiv
\section{Large covariance matrix estimation via log-det heuristics} \section{Introduction} \label{Intro} Estimating high-dimensional covariance or precision matrices has become a crucial task nowadays, due to the increasing availability of datasets composed of a large number of variables $p$ compared to the samp...
1,108,101,563,202
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sect-intro} A complete census of both star-formation and nuclear activity over cosmic time is crucial to understanding the assembly and evolution of galaxies and super-massive black holes (SMBHs), as well as the role of mergers and secular processes in driving their growth. The s...
1,108,101,563,203
arxiv
\section{Semantics and type system for $\mu$XQ\xspace queries} We will use an XQuery-like core language called $\mu$XQ\xspace, introduced by Colazzo et al. (2006). Following that paper, we distinguish between \emph{tree variables} $\bar{x} \in \mathit{TVar}$, introduced by $\kw{for}$, and \emph{forest variables}, $x ...
1,108,101,563,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, Krenn and Zeilinger \cite{KZ} (hereafter referred to as KZ) have shown that situations can arise where the property of entanglement of quantum systems is itself an entangled property. For that purpose they considered a three-particle system described by the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger ...
1,108,101,563,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction }\label{secintro} We consider the problem of minimizing a continuous function $f:{\mathbb R}^n\to{\mathbb R}$ over a compact set $\mathbf{K}\subseteq {\mathbb R}^n$. That is, we consider the problem of computing the parameter: \begin{equation*}\label{fmink} f_{\min,\mathbf{K}}:= \min_{x\in \ma...
1,108,101,563,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It was argued by the author from different points of view that the Photon would have a small mass $\sim 10^{-65}gms$ \cite{bhtd,mp}. We will look into this now. This value is within the accepted experimental limits for a Photon mass \cite{lakes}. It was further argued that it is this Photon mass ...
1,108,101,563,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication as a promising technology of 5G cellular networks, has been emerged to increase the spectral efficiency by reusing the same radio resources among multiple links \cite{D2DLTE}. It is considered as a solution to implement proximity services among multi...
1,108,101,563,208
arxiv
\section{Introduction} India is the second most populated country in the world, where $\sim1.36$ billion people speak in over $200$ different languages. Among them, the top five languages ({\em Hindi, Bengali, Telegu, Tamil,} and {\em Malayalam}) covers $\sim 93\% of the entire population with more than $26\%$ of the...
1,108,101,563,209
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@} {-30pt \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex} {2.3ex \@plus.2ex} {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}} \renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@} {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex} {1.5ex \@plus .2ex} {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}} \renewcommand{\@secc...
1,108,101,563,210
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Investigation of the flow behavior of the accreting matter in the vicinity of a black hole is important since the spectrum and the intensity of the emitted radiation depend on the flow structure. The event horizon presents the unique inner boundary condition in which the in-falling matter crosse...
1,108,101,563,211
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The estimation of the parameters of a complex sinusoidal in either one or two dimensions is a pervasive problem in signal processing. For this problem, the maximum likelihood (ML) principle provides an optimal estimator, in the sense that it achieves the Cramer-Rao bound at relatively low...
1,108,101,563,212
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} \label{I} The paper deals with the existence and multiplicity of solutions for boundary value problems of the form \[ \label{Qlambda} \tag{$Q_{\lambda}$} -\Delta u = c_{\lambda}(x) u + \mu(x) |\nabla u|^2 + h(x)\,, \quad u \in H_0^1(\Omega) \cap L^{\infty}(\Omega)\,,\] with $ ...
1,108,101,563,213
arxiv
\subsection*{1. Introduction} \indent The quantum group structure plays an important role in the study of two dimensional integrable models because $R$-matrices intertwining between diferent irreps of a quantum group provide solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. Two important families of integrable models are the 6-v...
1,108,101,563,214
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} To develop high-performance Adaptive Optics (AO) systems, it is of paramount importance to develop sufficiently accurate models of active optical components, such as Deformable Mirrors (DMs) or spatial light modulators~\cite{vogel2006modeling,stewart2007open,vogel2010modeling,...