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1,108,101,563,215
arxiv
\section{Conclusion}\label{Conclusion} In this study, multiple NNs and extensions were trained on the southern Manitoba using the NALCMS dataset as labelled data. The results have shown that the best model variation is the VGGNet encoder with modified U-Net decoder and OS fixed at 4 that reached 92.4\% OA. Six differen...
1,108,101,563,216
arxiv
\section{} In rare-earth compounds, the degrees of freedom of the 4$f$ ions are collectively involved at low temperature to form ordered states. The most common kind of order is the magnetic one that exists in a number of varieties. The orbital order is a less common situation, where only the orbital degeneracy of the ...
1,108,101,563,217
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} A prevalent view in science is that all phenomena in the universe can ``in principle'' be explained using fundamental laws of physics. This paradigm, called {\em reductionist hypothesis}, encouraged search for microscopic laws that led to fascinating discoveries in quantum mechanic...
1,108,101,563,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s-1} The symmetric groups play two different roles in the representation theory of general linear groups. On one side, let us call it the Weyl side, the symmetric group $S_N$ of permutations of $N$ letters is the subgroup of $\mathit{GL}_N$ of permutation matrices and thus acts on any repr...
1,108,101,563,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $SO(10)$ grand unified theory (GUT)~\cite{Georgi:1974my,Fritzsch:1974nn} is a viable extension of the Standard Model (SM) for its attractive features such as the embedding of the SM gauge groups into an anomaly-free group, the unification of one generation of the matter fields into a {\b...
1,108,101,563,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} A great amount of progress has been made in the area of automated fact-checking. This includes more accurate machine learning models for veracity prediction and datasets of both naturally occurring \cite{wang-2017-liar,augenstein-etal-2019-multifc,hanselowski-etal-2019-...
1,108,101,563,221
arxiv
\section{Deep $Q$-Learning} $Q$-learning is a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to teach an agent what action to take in an environment under what circumstances. It is model-free (does not need require a model of the environment). For a finite Markov decision process, Q-learning finds a policy that maximizes the ex...
1,108,101,563,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} A key feature of many living systems, such as bacteria and eukaryotic cells, is their ability to actively self-propel. Indeed, cellular motility underlies numerous critical biological processes, such as infection and biofilm formation by bacteria, cancer metastasis, tissue repair...
1,108,101,563,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The difficulty to justify the validity of the probabilistic solutions of the American options is well-known. This is in fact due to the lack of regularity of the classical solutions of the variational inequalities (cf.\cite{B-L}) which are satisfied by the value function which characterizes the S...
1,108,101,563,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While spin phenomena in two dimensions have been subjected to intense scrutiny for decades, only recently have vdW magnets emerged as a concrete platform for the exploration of two-dimensional (2$d$) magnetism~\cite{burch2018,gong2017,huang2017,park2016}. In most of these compounds, a long-rang...
1,108,101,563,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} As a rare example of a class of exactly-solvable, nonequilibrium interacting particle systems, asymmetric simple exclusion processes of various types have found favour with researchers in statistical mechanics, mathematical physics and probability theory \cite{Liggett99,Derrida9...
1,108,101,563,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In nature, the animal kingdom has developed the ability to detect or reflect circular polarized light (CPL) as an added modality for enhanced vision, better navigation or ``private communications'' \cite{Rossel1986,Cronin2003,Tsyr2008}. The characterization of light polarization states is also e...
1,108,101,563,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concept of synthetic frequency lattice in photonics~\cite{Yuan:2018-1396:OPT, Ozawa:2019-349:NRP}, where dynamic modulation induces cross-talks between discrete spectral lines to produce lattice-like behavior~\cite{Bell:2017-1433:OPT, Dutt:2020-59:SCI}, is stimulating rapidly growing resea...
1,108,101,563,228
arxiv
\section{Benchmark Characteristics and Debloating Settings} \label{sec:chiselSettings} Table~\ref{tab:benchmark1} lists the programs in Benchmark\_1 and the supplied inputs for debloating, and mentions various size metrics about the original programs. Table~\ref{tab:chiselbenchinput} provides the list of supplied inp...
1,108,101,563,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Precise atomic and molecular spectroscopy provides information on the nuclear electromagnetic moments important for testing theories of nuclear interactions \cite{Lev:99, Gilman:02, Ericson:83, Epelbaum:09, Filin:20b} or even for searching for new physics \cite{Safronowa:18}. This, however, requ...
1,108,101,563,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent experiments in spin qubit systems demonstrated full single-qubit control via electrical ac driving at microwave frequencies \cite{Medford_PRL13,Shulman_NatCom14, Laucht_SciAdv15, Veldhorst_Nat15, Kim_NPJ15}. Advantages of such an approach include the ability to operate the qubit while ...
1,108,101,563,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Frustrated quantum spin systems have been the subjects of considerable interest. One of the intriguing systems is the $S=1/2$ quantum spin Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice~\cite{Kitaev2006}, where strong frustration emerges due to direction-dependent Ising interactions. It is known that thi...
1,108,101,563,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ultrathin films are essential for many applications in nanoscale science and technology. Considerable scientific interest is devoted to thin oxide films at metal surfaces \cite{KrScNaShKoVa05,RoReSc07,FrRiSc07}, for which applications are found in catalysis, semiconductor devices as well as mecha...
1,108,101,563,233
arxiv
\section{The Afterglow Light Curve} The afterglow of GRB 110918A was imaged for over 40 days after the trigger with GROND in the $g'r'i'z'JHK_{S}$ bands (outlined in Sect.~\ref{sec:Observations:subsec:Afterglow:subsubsec:GROND}). Utilising the deep observations of the host, the underlying contribution from the host ga...
1,108,101,563,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The conventional approach to supersymmetry breaking in models of supergravity (SUGRA) is to assume some form of spontaneous breaking in a hidden sector, mediated to the visible sector with contains the MSSM via gravitational interactions \cite{Chamseddine:1982jx}. The overall mass scale is t...
1,108,101,563,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The widespread use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), as a go-to solution for a wide range of AI-related problems, combined with the high computational load typically associated with their execution, has led researchers to extensively work on the development of hardware accelerators for C...
1,108,101,563,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this note is to present a two-dimensional differential calculus on the quantum disc algebra, which has no counterpart in the classical limit, but admits a well-defined (albeit different from the one in \cite{BegMaj:spe}) integral, and restricts properly to the quantum cone algebras. In...
1,108,101,563,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{The parameterized halting problem} The complexity of the following parameterized halting problem is still wide open. \npprob{\ensuremath{p\text{-}\textsc{Halt}}}{$n\in \mathbb N$ in unary and a nondeterministic Turing machine~$\mathbb M$} {$|\mathbb M|$, the size of $\mathbb M$}{Does...
1,108,101,563,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding the dynamics of mobile agents is important for robots to operate autonomously in environments with pedestrians, vehicles, animals, or other moving entities. Autonomous driving, service robot navigation through crowds, and similar applications all rely on trajectory prediction to he...
1,108,101,563,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction} In recent years, there has been enormous progress with integrable conformal quantum field theories in dimensions higher than two. The most important example is planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory (SYM) in four dimensions. Here an exact description exists at strong c...
1,108,101,563,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Both special and general relativity are pillars of our modern understanding of reality. They were fundamentally classical theories, as quantum mechanics has only been introduced decades after their construction. Being constructed without the constraints of quantum consistency, they became also pa...
1,108,101,563,241
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Power supply ripple at harmonics of the mains power frequency (50~Hz) has been systematically observed in the transverse beam spectrum of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) since the start of its operation. In a previous paper \cite{previous}, we investigated the source of the perturbation based on ...
1,108,101,563,242
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An interesting problem of QCD is to understand the behaviour of the theory in the Regge limit of large energy, fixed momentum transfer. In the Leading Logarithmic Approximation the leading pole in the $C=+1$ channel is the famous BFKL pomeron \cite{BFKL}. Later this was generalized to the channe...
1,108,101,563,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The emergence of classical dynamics from the underlying quantum behaviour still continues to be one of the foremost questions in physics today. Two ingredients essential to this transition are (i) the establishing of suitable ``classical'' correlations between appropriate coordinates and their co...
1,108,101,563,244
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The case for linking Sgr~A*, the radio source at the center of the Milky Way, with a supermassive black hole is very strong. Mass estimates inferred from stellar orbits, proper motion studies that indicate Sgr~A* is nearly motionless, VLBI observations that reveal it is ultracompact, and short-...
1,108,101,563,245
arxiv
\section{Motivations} The PGPfone project \cite{pgpfone}, developed by Boulder Software Engineering, provides high-quality secure voice communications over ordinary phone lines. Implicit in this project, as in any security project, is the need to keep the (voice) data and the keys used for scrambling/encrypting the da...
1,108,101,563,246
arxiv
\section{STATE OF THE ART} \IEEEPARstart{W}{ith} the advent of fifth generation (5G) RANs, networks are required to handle an ever growing amount of diverse devices. All these connections, especially with the rise in IoT device usage, will have different requirements on reliability, latency, etc. compared to current 4G...
1,108,101,563,247
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \bibliographystyle{apalike} \usepackage[vlined,ruled,linesnumbered]{algorithm2e} \begin{document} \title{Growing Representation Learning} \author{Ryan King, Bobak Mortazavi } \maketitle \begin{abstract} Machine learning continues to grow in popularity due to its ability to learn i...
1,108,101,563,248
arxiv
\section{Dynamical density functional theory}\label{ddft} The time evolution of the density distribution $\rho(\boldsymbol{r},t)$ in a fluid system of particles is given by the continuity equation \begin{align} \frac{\partial \rho(\boldsymbol{r},t)}{\partial t} = - \nabla \cdotp \vec{J}, \label{continuity} \end{align...
1,108,101,563,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} The success of generative models in recent years has caused a paradigm shift in the field of machine learning. Generative modelling is one of the most important types of unsupervised learning, with recent applications in semi-supervised learning as well. It addresses the problem ...
1,108,101,563,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of the result} The local discrepancy $\Delta(\alpha,\beta,\mathcal{P})$ of an $N$-element point set $\mathcal{P}=\{\boldsymbol{x}_0,\dots,\boldsymbol{x}_{N-1}\}$ in the unit square $\left[0,1\right)^2$ is defined as \[ \Delta(\alpha,\beta,\mathcal{P})=A(\left[0,\alpha\right)\times ...
1,108,101,563,251
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Although two-dimensional $\phi^4$ theory has a simple Lagrangian, the spectrum of the theory has some very interesting behavior. Even without the introduction of a negative bare-mass squared, the theory exhibits symmetry breaking at sufficiently strong coupling~\cite{Ch...
1,108,101,563,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cones of divisors play an essential role in describing the birational geometry of a smooth complex projective variety $X$. A key feature of these cones is their interplay with cones of curves via duality statements. The dual of the nef cone and the pseudo-effective cone of divisors were determi...
1,108,101,563,253
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we derive the logarithmic versions of several well-known functional inequalities. Some inequalities are obtained with best constants, or with semi-explicit constants, which are useful for some further applications. Our techniques allow us to derive these inequalities in rather gene...
1,108,101,563,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Numerical solutions to the wave equation have been an area of investigation for many decades. The wave equation is ubiquitous in the physical world, arising in acoustics, electromagnetics, and fluid dynamics. Our main interest is in electromagnetic wave propagation in plasmas, which are challeng...
1,108,101,563,255
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction and method} \label{sec:intro} In two recent experiments~\cite{JILA, Aarhus} the energy of an impurity immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) has been measured using RF spectroscopy and a Feshbach resonance to tune the impurity-bath interaction strength. The most striking result is the ex...
1,108,101,563,256
arxiv
\subsection{Experiments} \paragraph{From MNIST to MNIST-R.} Additionally to the \emph{MNIST} dataset we created the \emph{MNIST-R} dataset containing all original MNIST images rotated by 30 degrees. We train a simple neural net with two 128- and one 20-width ReLU representations. MNIST is used as source while the pe...
1,108,101,563,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro} Over the years, \emph{tensor network}~(TN) has been widely applied to various technical fields. It enables us to resolve extremely high-dimensional problems, such as deep learning~\citep{novikov2015tensorizing,kossaifi2020tensor}, probability density estimation~\citep{glasser20...
1,108,101,563,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In multiple-class classification problems, the relative position among classes can be very complicated within the variable-space, the situation becomes worse for data sets with lengthy variables. Modern machine learning methods commonly outperform the conventional statistical classification mode...
1,108,101,563,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*}[!t] \centering \includegraphics[scale=3.05]{figures/brat-example2.pdf} \caption{An example standardized science exam question densely annotated with one or more fine-grained semantic categories for nearly each word. This 4-choice multiple choice question (here, under the curr...
1,108,101,563,260
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Top-quark pair production $pp \to t(p_t) + \bar{t}(p_{\bar{t}}) + X$ is one of the most important scattering processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The experimental measurements of its differential cross sections have achieved remarkably high precisions \cite{Aaboud:2018eqg, Sirunyan:2018...
1,108,101,563,261
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The field of integrable systems is a dynamic subject closely related to many parts of modern mathematics and featuring manifold applications, cf.\ e.g.\ \cite{ac, bl, blu, ca, cgs, dun, l, n, nd, olverbook, vps} and references therein.\looseness=-1 A characteristic feature of integrable systems...
1,108,101,563,262
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that QCD with light fermions has a chiral symmetry restoration phase transition at the temperature $T\simeq 170$ MeV. This phase transition has been studied on the lattice and with the help of various QCD-motivated models (see, for example \cite{Kogut,Fleming}, \cite{Berges}), ho...
1,108,101,563,263
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} It is well-known nowadays that quantum field theory allows violations of all the known pointwise energy conditions in classical general relativity, such as the weak energy condition and null energy condition \cite{HE}. Specific examples are the Casimir effect \cite{C,BM}, squeezed states ...
1,108,101,563,264
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Accompanying with the rapid technological progress in the last decades the topic "space weather" is becoming extremely important for life in our society. Space weather disturbances in terms of geomagnetic storms, aurorae or geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) can affect space-borne and ground ...
1,108,101,563,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent years have seen increasing interest in various spin models that are defined on regular lattices and nevertheless exhibit ``fractal'' properties. These include gapped spin liquid models in which immobile topological excitations are created at the corners of operators with fractal support, ...
1,108,101,563,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are believed to be powered by accretion of gas onto the black hole located at the centre of galaxies. The AGN bolometric luminosity (L$_{b}$) depends on the mass accretion rate and on the efficiency for the conversion of gravitational energy into radiation. In this ...
1,108,101,563,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Population {\sc III} stars are the first potential producers of UV photons that can contribute to the reionization process and are the first producers of the metals required for the formation of population {\sc II} stars. Metals produced by the first stars will also be injected into some fractio...
1,108,101,563,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) is the process of creating a map based on the visual information without a global reference, being used in multiple applications where GPS signal is not available or precise enough. In the context of vSLAM based on features, this is done by us...
1,108,101,563,269
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} Understanding the\ microscopic structure\ of matter,\ how daily goods are formed,\ and how they might be developed\ is always beneficial.\ Low-temperature\ polymer electrolyte membrane\ fuel cells\ (PEMFCs),\ also known as proton exchange\ membrane fuel cells,\ have stimulate...
1,108,101,563,270
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A quantum computer harnesses unique features of quantum theory, such as superposition and entanglement, to tackle classically challenging tasks. To perform faithful computation, quantum information must be protected against errors due to decoherence mechanisms and operational imperfections. Whil...
1,108,101,563,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Spectroscopy of positronium (Ps) provides a sensitive test of bound state theory based on the Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). Because of the small mass of electron and positron, the effects of strong and weak interactions are negligible compared with the accuracy of present experiments. For thi...
1,108,101,563,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \bigskip \bigskip Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$, $d\geq 1$, be a bounded domain, with a C^{2}$ boundary $\partial \Omega $. Let $V$ be a function in $L^{\infty }\left( \Omega \right) $ with its norm $\left\Vert \cdot \right\Vert _{\infty }$. Define \begin{equation*} A:=\Delta...
1,108,101,563,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} Collisions between heavy ions accelerated at ultra-relativistic energies provide the necessary conditions to form a deconfined state of matter, the Quark Gluon Plasma~\cite{Karsch:2003jg}. In this phase, the fundamental constituents of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), th...
1,108,101,563,274
arxiv
\section{MODELLING OF MULTI-ROTOR UAV} The rigid body dynamics of the multi-rotor are given by \begin{equation} \label{eq:dyn_full} \left\{ \begin{array}{lr} m\ddot{\mathbf{X}}=\mathbf{F}+m\mathbf{g}=R(\mathbf{q})\mathbf{T}_t+m\mathbf{g}\\ J\dot{\mathbf{\Omega}}=\mathbf{T}_r-\mathbf{\Omega}\times J\mathbf{\Omega} \;, ...
1,108,101,563,275
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Despite its numerous phenomenological successes, the framework of the Standard Model coupled to general relativity is not believed to provide a fundamental description of nature; it is rather viewed as the low-energy limit of some encompassing quantum theory in which th...
1,108,101,563,276
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The success of machine learning and especially of deep neural networks is obvious and manifold. However, most deep learning algorithms model the underlying system as a \enquote{black box}---they lack explainability. According to the Turing award winner Judea Pearl \cite{pearlTheoreticalImpedim...
1,108,101,563,277
arxiv
\section{The entry and early involvement of China with the Union} China has a rich tradition in astronomical observations and studies and boasts the longest and most comprehensive ancient records of astronomical phenomena dating back to the Shang dynasty. In its 5000-year continuous civilization, China has nurtured wo...
1,108,101,563,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro Formalisms representing solutions of partial differential equations as the expected value of functionals of stochastic processes date back to Einstein and Feynman in physics, Kolmogorov and Kac in mathematics. The theory for linear parabolic equations is well developed \cite{friedm...
1,108,101,563,279
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Figure~\ref{pipeline} shows the image of a typical indoor scene. Overlaid on this image is the pose trajectory of a person, depicted here by renderings of her body skeleton over time instants, where Frames 1-3 are in the past, Frame 4 is the present, and Frames 5-12 are in the future. In this pap...
1,108,101,563,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Anderson localization (AL)~\cite{Anderson1958,RMP1,RMP2}, namely that eigenfunctions are exponentially localized in space because of the quantum interference in disordered systems, is a fundamental quantum phenomenon in nature. The transition between metal (extended) phase and insulator (localize...
1,108,101,563,281
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par \noindent In the past few years, a new approach in understanding and constructing quantum geometry had emerged from linking geometric quantities to information-theoretic one. This idea first emerged from the calculation of entropy of spherically symmetric isolated horizons~(SSIH) in Loop qua...
1,108,101,563,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper introduces a novel class of sequence pairs called ``quasi-orthogonal Z-complementary pairs (QOZCPs)" and their applications in designing Doppler resilient waveforms in polarimetric radar systems. In what follows, we first review the state-of-the-art on pairs of sequences and Doppler r...
1,108,101,563,283
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the nearby Universe, compact dwarf galaxies are a rare class of objects. The majority of low-mass early-type galaxies (preferentially called dwarf ellipticals, dEs) do not follow the near-linear Log(size)-magnitude distribution defined by giant ellipticals but have nearly constant sizes over l...
1,108,101,563,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exclusive processes mediated by the weak force are an area of investigation which will gather, we believe, a wide interest in the forthcoming years due to the various experimental proposals to detect neutrino oscillations at intermediate energy using neutrino factories and superbeams, \cite{Scha...
1,108,101,563,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{MUY}, the authors constructed a complete bounded minimal immersion of the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ into $\mathbb{R}^3$ whose conjugate is also bounded. As applications of our results, we show in this paper that the technique developed by F. J. L\'opez in \cite{Lopez} can be suitably modi...
1,108,101,563,286
arxiv
\section*{R\'esum\'e} \else \small \quotation{\bf \it R\'esum\'e \rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{0.2mm}\vspace{0pt}} \fi} \def\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi} \def\abstract{\if@twocolumn \noindent\section*{{\bf Abstract}} \else \small \quotation{\noindent \bf {Abstract.} \rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{0.2mm}...
1,108,101,563,287
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} Social scientists and psychologists take interest in understanding how people express emotions and sentiments when dealing with catastrophic events such as natural disasters, political unrest, and terrorism. The COVID-19 pandemic is a catastrophic event that has raised a number of psych...
1,108,101,563,288
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we apply the systematic theory of braided geometry introduced during the last few years by the author\cite{Ma:exa}\cite{Ma:lin}\cite{Ma:poi}\cite{Ma:fre}\cite{Ma:add} to the problem of defining the totally antisymmetric tensor ${\epsilon}_{ijkl}$ and other antisymmetrisers on quant...
1,108,101,563,289
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Quantum computers and quantum simulators are nowadays becoming a reality thanks to the advances in ion trapping and integrated superconducting technology~\cite{2017arXiv171203773A,supercon,Linke3305,Monroe1164,Devoret1169}. A possible device which is quickly being developed ...
1,108,101,563,290
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} The detection of nearly 200 different molecular species over the last 50 years demonstrates that the interstellar medium (ISM) is home to a rich chemistry~\cite{McGuire2018}. In star-forming regions a multitude of species has been found and some of them, the so-called prebiotic ...
1,108,101,563,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past decade or so, deep learning has contributed to improving the state of the art on many computer vision tasks. Powered by architectures adapted to the image domain, like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) \cite{lecun1989backpropagation} or Vision Transformers (ViT) \cite{vit}, deep ne...
1,108,101,563,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are often treated in the thermodynamic limit, where the concepts of a critical point, critical exponents, and scaling relations are very clear~\cite{sachdev1999}. However, many physical many-body systems for practical applications these d...
1,108,101,563,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The complexification of field theories has attracted recent attention in the context of solving the sign problem. The complex Langevin (CL) method \cite{Parisi:1984cs,Klauder:1983sp,Seiler:2012wz} and the Lefshetz thimble (LT) method \cite{Pham:1983,Witten:2010cx,Witten:2010zr} rely on the compl...
1,108,101,563,294
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the years, cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) \citep{berman:cqed, walther2006cavity,miller2005trapped} where atoms interact with quantized electromagnetic fields have emerged as an excellent platform for engineering entanglement \citep{RevModPhys.73.565, PhysRevLett.90.027903}, photon bl...
1,108,101,563,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite intensive efforts in the last two decades understanding the nature of the pseudogap phase in cuprate high temperature superconductors remains an open problem \cite{Norman:2005}. At zero hole doping, the insulating parent compounds of these systems are three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagne...
1,108,101,563,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Acoustic analogue of a black hole has been a lot studied in the literature as a concrete laboratory model for probe several aspects of curved space quantum field theory. In 1981, Unruh\cite{1,2} showed that if a fluid is barotropic and inviscid, and the flow of the fluid is irrotational, the eq...
1,108,101,563,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The sharing of resources in animals can be defined as an active or passive transfer of food from one individual to another \cite{stevens2004conceptual, jaeggi2011evolution, jaeggi2013natural}. Some examples are food division in primates \cite{brown1978food, feistner1989food, boesch1989hunting, d...
1,108,101,563,298
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the digital age, portrait and self-portrait photographs are extremely popular and have spread to every corner of the world. Although these images are casual in nature, many users would like to retouch them before sharing online. The general purpose photo editing tools, such as Adobe Photosho...
1,108,101,563,299
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} Discrete differential geometry studies discrete equivalents of the geometric notions and methods of classical differential geometry, such as notions of curvature and integrability for polyhedral surfaces. In this connection, discrete surfaces have been studied one after another with strong t...
1,108,101,563,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{s1}} Flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) processes present as stringest tests of the Standart Model (SM) as well as looking for new physics beyond the SM. In SM, FCNC processes take place only at the loop level and therefore these decays are suppressed and for this reason experimentally ...
1,108,101,563,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article, we pursue the representation-theoretic approach to Fomin-Zelevinsky's cluster algebras \cite{FominZelevinsky02} \cite{FominZelevinsky03} \cite{BerensteinFominZelevinsky05} \cite{FominZelevinsky07} developed by Marsh-Reineke-Zelevinsky \cite{MarshReinekeZelevinsky03}, Buan-Marsh-R...
1,108,101,563,302
arxiv
\section{Introduction} White dwarfs offer a unique view into the properties of planetary systems. A star can retain much of its planetary system as it leaves the main sequence and evolves through the red giant stage. Although the inner $\sim 5$ AU of a planetary system may evaporate within the red giant atmosphere ...
1,108,101,563,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of modeling the observed ``random'' fluctuations of the velocity field and the intermittent character of the small scale dissipated energy in fully developed turbulent flows has played a critical role in the development of mathematical concepts around multifractal processes. In particula...
1,108,101,563,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} In \emph{The Outline of History}, H.~G.~\citet[p.~1100]{HG-Wells-21:history} declared that ``Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe.'' Although Wells wasn't talking about Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology, he was talking about econ...
1,108,101,563,305
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This work is a sequel to \cite{ZS2}-\cite{ZS4}. In \cite{ZS4}, we asserted that the lower bounds of modular representation dimensions stated in the abstract are attainable under the assumption that the associated complex finite $W$-superalgebras admit one- or two-dimensional representations. ...
1,108,101,563,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Metamaterials and metasurfaces have recently emerged as promising platforms for manipulating the polarization state of electromagnetic waves because of their compactness, flexibility, and easy integration \cite{FPC2010PolMM_rev,RPP2016Metasurface_Rev,IEEEPJ2018LPC,IEEEAccess2019dual,JPD2020broadb...
1,108,101,563,307
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} It is generally accepted that relativistic outflows from the core regions of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) are responsible for many of the interesting phenomena that are observed in these sources. Relativistic motion of synchrotron emitting plasma will result in the Doppler boosting ...
1,108,101,563,308
arxiv
\subsubsection{#1}\vspace{-3\baselineskip}\color{black}\medskip{\noindent \bf \thesubsubsection. #1.}} \newcommand{\myparagraph}[1]{\needspace{1\baselineskip}\medskip\noindent {\it #1.}} \newcommand{\myindentedparagraph}[1]{\needspace{1\baselineskip}\medskip \hangindent=11pt \hangafter=0 \noindent{\it #1.}} \newcomm...
1,108,101,563,309
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The decisive requirement for the functioning of any complex system ranging from the subcellular level of biological organisms to globe-spanning man-made structures is the transportation of matter and information. From theoretical point of view, these stochastic transport phenomenon are an intrigu...
1,108,101,563,310
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Terahertz (THz) imaging is an emerging sensing technology with a great potential for hidden object imaging, contact-free analysis, non-destructive testing and stand-off detection in various application fields, including semi-conductor industry, biological and medical analysis, material and qualit...
1,108,101,563,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The ATLAS and CMS collaborations discovered~\cite{HIGG-2012-27,CMS-HIG-12-028} a particle consistent with the Standard Model (SM)~\cite{Glashow:1961tr,Weinberg:1967tq,Salam:1968rm} Higgs boson~\cite{Englert:1964et,Higgs:1964pj,Guralnik:1964eu,Higgs:1966ev,Kibble:1967sv} in 201...
1,108,101,563,312
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The spectroscopic study of light-quark baryons ($N^*$, $\Delta^*$, $\Lambda^*$, $\Sigma^*$) remains a central issue in the hadron physics. Since the excitation spectra of light-quark baryons are an embodiment of the dynamics of confinement in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), their p...
1,108,101,563,313
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The Physics community was greatly stimulated by the possibility of supersolidity suggested by the torsional oscillator experiments of Kim and Chan\cite{Kim2004a,Kim2004b}; many groups reported corroborating evidence. But, with the realization that previously unexpected shear modulus behavior wa...
1,108,101,563,314
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia (SZ), are among the main priorities in the present global health agenda \cite{world2006neurological}. AD is a type of dementia that affects primarily elderly individuals and is characterized by the degeneration of brai...