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1,108,101,563,215 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}\label{Conclusion}
In this study, multiple NNs and extensions were trained on the southern Manitoba using the NALCMS dataset as labelled data. The results have shown that the best model variation is the VGGNet encoder with modified U-Net decoder and OS fixed at 4 that reached 92.4\% OA. Six differen... |
1,108,101,563,216 | arxiv | \section{}
In rare-earth compounds, the degrees of freedom of the 4$f$ ions are collectively involved at low temperature to form ordered states. The most common kind of order is the magnetic one that exists in a number of varieties. The orbital order is a less common situation, where only the orbital degeneracy of the ... |
1,108,101,563,217 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
A prevalent view in science is that all phenomena in the universe can ``in principle'' be explained using fundamental laws of physics. This paradigm, called {\em reductionist hypothesis}, encouraged search for microscopic laws that led to fascinating discoveries in quantum mechanic... |
1,108,101,563,218 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s-1}
The symmetric groups play two different roles in the representation
theory of general linear groups. On one side, let us call it the Weyl
side, the symmetric group $S_N$ of permutations of $N$ letters is the
subgroup of $\mathit{GL}_N$ of permutation matrices and thus acts on
any repr... |
1,108,101,563,219 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $SO(10)$ grand unified theory (GUT)~\cite{Georgi:1974my,Fritzsch:1974nn} is a viable extension of the Standard Model (SM)
for its attractive features such as the embedding of the SM gauge groups into an anomaly-free group, the unification of one generation of the matter fields into a {\b... |
1,108,101,563,220 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
A great amount of progress has been made in the area of automated fact-checking.
This includes more accurate machine learning models for veracity prediction and datasets of both naturally occurring \cite{wang-2017-liar,augenstein-etal-2019-multifc,hanselowski-etal-2019-... |
1,108,101,563,221 | arxiv | \section{Deep $Q$-Learning}
$Q$-learning is a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to teach an agent what action to take in an environment under what circumstances. It is model-free (does not need require a model of the environment).
For a finite Markov decision process, Q-learning finds a policy that maximizes the ex... |
1,108,101,563,222 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A key feature of many living systems, such as bacteria and eukaryotic cells, is their ability to actively self-propel. Indeed, cellular motility underlies numerous critical biological processes, such as infection and biofilm formation by bacteria, cancer metastasis, tissue repair... |
1,108,101,563,223 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The difficulty to justify the validity of the probabilistic solutions
of the American options is well-known. This is in fact due to the lack
of regularity of the classical solutions of the variational
inequalities (cf.\cite{B-L}) which are satisfied by the value function which
characterizes the S... |
1,108,101,563,224 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} While spin phenomena in two dimensions have been subjected to intense scrutiny for decades, only recently have vdW magnets emerged as a concrete platform for the exploration of two-dimensional (2$d$) magnetism~\cite{burch2018,gong2017,huang2017,park2016}. In most of these compounds, a long-rang... |
1,108,101,563,225 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
As a rare example of a class of exactly-solvable, nonequilibrium interacting
particle systems, asymmetric simple exclusion processes of various types have found
favour with researchers in statistical mechanics, mathematical physics
and probability theory \cite{Liggett99,Derrida9... |
1,108,101,563,226 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In nature, the animal kingdom has developed the ability to detect or reflect circular polarized light (CPL) as an added modality
for enhanced vision, better navigation or ``private communications'' \cite{Rossel1986,Cronin2003,Tsyr2008}.
The characterization of light polarization states is also e... |
1,108,101,563,227 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of synthetic frequency lattice in photonics~\cite{Yuan:2018-1396:OPT, Ozawa:2019-349:NRP}, where dynamic modulation induces cross-talks between discrete spectral lines to produce lattice-like behavior~\cite{Bell:2017-1433:OPT, Dutt:2020-59:SCI}, is stimulating rapidly growing resea... |
1,108,101,563,228 | arxiv |
\section{Benchmark Characteristics and Debloating Settings} \label{sec:chiselSettings}
Table~\ref{tab:benchmark1} lists the programs in Benchmark\_1 and the supplied inputs for debloating, and mentions various size metrics about the original programs. Table~\ref{tab:chiselbenchinput} provides the list of supplied inp... |
1,108,101,563,229 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Precise atomic and molecular spectroscopy provides information on the nuclear electromagnetic moments
important for testing theories of nuclear interactions \cite{Lev:99, Gilman:02, Ericson:83, Epelbaum:09, Filin:20b} or even for searching for new physics \cite{Safronowa:18}. This, however, requ... |
1,108,101,563,230 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent experiments in spin qubit systems demonstrated full single-qubit control via electrical ac driving at microwave frequencies \cite{Medford_PRL13,Shulman_NatCom14, Laucht_SciAdv15, Veldhorst_Nat15, Kim_NPJ15}. Advantages of such an approach include the ability to operate the qubit while ... |
1,108,101,563,231 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Frustrated quantum spin systems have been
the subjects of considerable interest.
One of the intriguing systems is the $S=1/2$ quantum spin Kitaev model
on the honeycomb lattice~\cite{Kitaev2006}, where
strong frustration emerges due to direction-dependent Ising interactions.
It is known that thi... |
1,108,101,563,232 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ultrathin films are essential for many applications in nanoscale science and technology. Considerable scientific interest is devoted to thin oxide films at metal surfaces \cite{KrScNaShKoVa05,RoReSc07,FrRiSc07}, for which applications are found in catalysis, semiconductor devices as well as mecha... |
1,108,101,563,233 | arxiv | \section{The Afterglow Light Curve}
The afterglow of GRB 110918A was imaged for over 40 days after the trigger with GROND in the $g'r'i'z'JHK_{S}$ bands (outlined in Sect.~\ref{sec:Observations:subsec:Afterglow:subsubsec:GROND}). Utilising the deep observations of the host, the underlying contribution from the host ga... |
1,108,101,563,234 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The conventional approach to supersymmetry breaking in models of supergravity (SUGRA)
is to assume some form of spontaneous breaking in a hidden sector, mediated
to the visible sector with contains the MSSM via gravitational interactions \cite{Chamseddine:1982jx}.
The overall mass scale is t... |
1,108,101,563,235 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The widespread use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), as a go-to solution for a wide range of AI-related problems, combined with the high computational load typically associated with their execution, has led researchers to extensively work on the development of hardware accelerators for C... |
1,108,101,563,236 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The aim of this note is to present a two-dimensional differential calculus on the quantum disc algebra, which has no counterpart in the classical limit, but admits a well-defined (albeit different from the one in \cite{BegMaj:spe}) integral, and restricts properly to the quantum cone algebras. In... |
1,108,101,563,237 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The parameterized halting problem}
The complexity of the following parameterized halting problem is still wide
open.
\npprob{\ensuremath{p\text{-}\textsc{Halt}}}{$n\in \mathbb N$ in unary and a nondeterministic Turing
machine~$\mathbb M$} {$|\mathbb M|$, the size of $\mathbb M$}{Does... |
1,108,101,563,238 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the dynamics of mobile agents is important for robots to operate autonomously in environments with pedestrians, vehicles, animals, or other moving entities.
Autonomous driving, service robot navigation through crowds, and similar applications all rely on trajectory prediction to he... |
1,108,101,563,239 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
In recent years, there has been enormous progress with integrable conformal quantum field theories in dimensions higher than two. The most important example is planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory (SYM) in four dimensions. Here an exact description exists at strong c... |
1,108,101,563,240 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Both special and general relativity are pillars of our modern understanding of reality. They were fundamentally classical theories, as quantum mechanics has only been introduced decades after their construction. Being constructed without the constraints of quantum consistency, they became also pa... |
1,108,101,563,241 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Power supply ripple at harmonics of the mains power frequency (50~Hz) has been systematically observed in the transverse beam spectrum of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) since the start of its operation. In a previous paper \cite{previous}, we investigated the source of the perturbation based on ... |
1,108,101,563,242 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An interesting problem of QCD is to understand the behaviour of the
theory in the Regge limit of large energy, fixed momentum transfer. In
the Leading Logarithmic Approximation the leading pole in the $C=+1$
channel is the famous BFKL pomeron \cite{BFKL}. Later this was
generalized to the channe... |
1,108,101,563,243 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The emergence of classical dynamics from the underlying quantum
behaviour still continues to be one of the foremost questions in
physics today. Two ingredients essential to this transition are (i)
the establishing of suitable ``classical'' correlations between
appropriate coordinates and their co... |
1,108,101,563,244 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The case for linking Sgr~A*, the radio source at the center of the
Milky Way, with a supermassive black hole is very strong. Mass
estimates inferred from stellar orbits, proper motion studies that
indicate Sgr~A* is nearly motionless, VLBI observations that reveal it
is ultracompact, and short-... |
1,108,101,563,245 | arxiv | \section{Motivations}
The PGPfone project \cite{pgpfone}, developed by Boulder Software
Engineering, provides high-quality secure voice communications over
ordinary phone lines. Implicit in this project, as in any security
project, is the need to keep the (voice) data and the keys used for
scrambling/encrypting the da... |
1,108,101,563,246 | arxiv | \section{STATE OF THE ART}
\IEEEPARstart{W}{ith} the advent of fifth generation (5G) RANs, networks are required to handle an ever growing amount of diverse devices. All these connections, especially with the rise in IoT device usage, will have different requirements on reliability, latency, etc. compared to current 4G... |
1,108,101,563,247 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{\bibname}}
\bibliographystyle{apalike}
\usepackage[vlined,ruled,linesnumbered]{algorithm2e}
\begin{document}
\title{Growing Representation Learning}
\author{Ryan King, Bobak Mortazavi }
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
Machine learning continues to grow in popularity due to its ability to learn i... |
1,108,101,563,248 | arxiv | \section{Dynamical density functional theory}\label{ddft}
The time evolution of the density distribution $\rho(\boldsymbol{r},t)$ in a fluid system of particles is given by the continuity equation
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial \rho(\boldsymbol{r},t)}{\partial t} = - \nabla \cdotp \vec{J},
\label{continuity}
\end{align... |
1,108,101,563,249 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
The success of generative models in recent years has caused a paradigm shift in the field of machine learning. Generative modelling is one of the most important types of unsupervised learning, with recent applications in semi-supervised learning as well. It addresses the problem ... |
1,108,101,563,250 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of the result}
The local discrepancy $\Delta(\alpha,\beta,\mathcal{P})$ of an $N$-element point set $\mathcal{P}=\{\boldsymbol{x}_0,\dots,\boldsymbol{x}_{N-1}\}$ in the unit square $\left[0,1\right)^2$ is defined as
\[ \Delta(\alpha,\beta,\mathcal{P})=A(\left[0,\alpha\right)\times ... |
1,108,101,563,251 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Although two-dimensional $\phi^4$ theory has a simple Lagrangian, the
spectrum of the theory has some very interesting behavior. Even without
the introduction of a negative bare-mass squared, the theory exhibits
symmetry breaking at sufficiently strong coupling~\cite{Ch... |
1,108,101,563,252 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cones of divisors play an essential role in describing the birational geometry of a smooth complex projective variety $X$. A key feature of these cones is their interplay with cones of curves via duality statements. The dual of the nef cone and the pseudo-effective cone of divisors were determi... |
1,108,101,563,253 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we derive the logarithmic versions of several well-known functional inequalities. Some inequalities are obtained with best constants, or with semi-explicit constants, which are useful for some further applications. Our techniques allow us to derive these inequalities in rather gene... |
1,108,101,563,254 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Numerical solutions to the wave equation have been an area of investigation for many decades. The wave equation is ubiquitous in the physical world, arising in acoustics, electromagnetics, and fluid dynamics. Our main interest is in electromagnetic wave propagation in plasmas, which are challeng... |
1,108,101,563,255 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction and method}
\label{sec:intro}
In two recent experiments~\cite{JILA, Aarhus} the energy of an impurity immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) has been measured using RF spectroscopy and a Feshbach resonance to tune the impurity-bath interaction strength. The most striking result is the ex... |
1,108,101,563,256 | arxiv |
\subsection{Experiments}
\paragraph{From MNIST to MNIST-R.}
Additionally to the \emph{MNIST} dataset we created the \emph{MNIST-R} dataset containing all original MNIST images rotated by 30 degrees. We train a simple neural net with two 128- and one 20-width ReLU representations. MNIST is used as source while the pe... |
1,108,101,563,257 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
Over the years, \emph{tensor network}~(TN) has been widely applied to various technical fields.
It enables us to resolve extremely high-dimensional problems, such as deep learning~\citep{novikov2015tensorizing,kossaifi2020tensor}, probability density estimation~\citep{glasser20... |
1,108,101,563,258 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In multiple-class classification problems, the relative position among classes can be very complicated within the variable-space,
the situation becomes worse for data sets with lengthy variables.
Modern machine learning methods commonly outperform the conventional statistical classification mode... |
1,108,101,563,259 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=3.05]{figures/brat-example2.pdf}
\caption{An example standardized science exam question densely annotated with one or more fine-grained semantic categories for nearly each word. This 4-choice multiple choice question (here, under the curr... |
1,108,101,563,260 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Top-quark pair production $pp \to t(p_t) + \bar{t}(p_{\bar{t}}) + X$ is one of the most important scattering processes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The experimental measurements of its differential cross sections have achieved remarkably high precisions \cite{Aaboud:2018eqg, Sirunyan:2018... |
1,108,101,563,261 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The field of integrable systems is a dynamic subject
closely related to many parts of
modern mathematics and featuring manifold applications, cf.\ e.g.\ \cite{ac, bl, blu, ca, cgs, dun, l, n, nd, olverbook, vps}
and references therein.\looseness=-1
A characteristic feature of integrable systems... |
1,108,101,563,262 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that QCD with light fermions has a chiral symmetry
restoration phase transition at the temperature $T\simeq 170$ MeV.
This phase transition has been studied on the
lattice and with the help of various
QCD-motivated models (see, for example \cite{Kogut,Fleming}, \cite{Berges}), ho... |
1,108,101,563,263 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
It is well-known nowadays that quantum field theory allows violations of
all the known pointwise energy conditions in classical general relativity,
such as the weak energy
condition and null energy condition \cite{HE}.
Specific examples are the Casimir effect \cite{C,BM}, squeezed states
... |
1,108,101,563,264 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Accompanying with the rapid technological progress in the last decades the topic "space weather" is becoming extremely important for life in our society. Space weather disturbances in terms of geomagnetic storms, aurorae or geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) can affect space-borne and ground ... |
1,108,101,563,265 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent years have seen increasing interest in various spin models that are defined on regular lattices and nevertheless exhibit ``fractal'' properties.
These include gapped spin liquid models in which immobile topological excitations are created at the corners of operators with fractal support, ... |
1,108,101,563,266 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are believed to be powered by accretion of gas
onto the black hole located at the centre of galaxies.
The AGN bolometric luminosity (L$_{b}$) depends on the mass accretion rate and on the efficiency for the conversion of gravitational energy into radiation.
In this ... |
1,108,101,563,267 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Population {\sc III} stars are the first potential producers of UV photons that can
contribute to the reionization process and are the first producers of the
metals required for the formation of population {\sc II} stars.
Metals produced by the first stars will also be injected into some fractio... |
1,108,101,563,268 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) is the process of creating a map based on the visual information without a global reference, being used in multiple applications where GPS signal is not available or precise enough. In the context of vSLAM based on features, this is done by us... |
1,108,101,563,269 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
Understanding the\ microscopic structure\
of matter,\ how daily goods are formed,\ and
how they might be developed\ is always beneficial.\
Low-temperature\ polymer electrolyte membrane\
fuel cells\ (PEMFCs),\ also known as proton exchange\
membrane fuel cells,\ have stimulate... |
1,108,101,563,270 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A quantum computer harnesses unique features of quantum theory, such as superposition and entanglement, to tackle classically challenging tasks. To perform faithful computation, quantum information must be protected against errors due to decoherence mechanisms and operational imperfections. Whil... |
1,108,101,563,271 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spectroscopy of positronium (Ps) provides a sensitive test of bound
state theory based on the Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). Because of
the small mass of electron and positron, the effects of strong and
weak interactions are negligible compared with the accuracy of present
experiments. For thi... |
1,108,101,563,272 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\bigskip
\bigskip
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$, $d\geq 1$, be a bounded domain, with a
C^{2}$ boundary $\partial \Omega $. Let $V$ be a function in $L^{\infty
}\left( \Omega \right) $ with its norm $\left\Vert \cdot \right\Vert
_{\infty }$. Define
\begin{equation*}
A:=\Delta... |
1,108,101,563,273 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Introduction}
Collisions between heavy ions accelerated at ultra-relativistic
energies provide the necessary conditions to form a deconfined
state of matter, the Quark Gluon Plasma~\cite{Karsch:2003jg}.
In this phase, the fundamental constituents of quantum
chromodynamics (QCD), th... |
1,108,101,563,274 | arxiv | \section{MODELLING OF MULTI-ROTOR UAV}
The rigid body dynamics of the multi-rotor are given by
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:dyn_full}
\left\{
\begin{array}{lr}
m\ddot{\mathbf{X}}=\mathbf{F}+m\mathbf{g}=R(\mathbf{q})\mathbf{T}_t+m\mathbf{g}\\
J\dot{\mathbf{\Omega}}=\mathbf{T}_r-\mathbf{\Omega}\times J\mathbf{\Omega} \;,
... |
1,108,101,563,275 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Despite its numerous phenomenological successes,
the framework of the Standard Model coupled to general relativity
is not believed to provide a fundamental description of nature;
it is rather viewed as the low-energy limit
of some encompassing quantum theory
in which th... |
1,108,101,563,276 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The success of machine learning and especially of deep neural networks is obvious and manifold. However, most deep learning algorithms model the underlying system as a \enquote{black box}---they lack explainability. According to the Turing award winner Judea Pearl \cite{pearlTheoreticalImpedim... |
1,108,101,563,277 | arxiv | \section{The entry and early involvement of China with the Union}
China has a rich tradition in astronomical observations and studies and boasts the
longest and most comprehensive ancient records of astronomical phenomena dating
back to the Shang dynasty. In its 5000-year continuous civilization, China has
nurtured wo... |
1,108,101,563,278 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro
Formalisms representing solutions of partial differential equations as the expected value of functionals of stochastic processes date back to Einstein and Feynman in physics, Kolmogorov and Kac in mathematics. The theory for linear parabolic equations is well developed \cite{friedm... |
1,108,101,563,279 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Figure~\ref{pipeline} shows the image of a typical indoor scene. Overlaid on this image is the pose trajectory of a person, depicted here by renderings of her body skeleton over time instants, where Frames 1-3 are in the past, Frame 4 is the present, and Frames 5-12 are in the future.
In this pap... |
1,108,101,563,280 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Anderson localization (AL)~\cite{Anderson1958,RMP1,RMP2}, namely that eigenfunctions are exponentially localized in space because of the quantum interference in disordered systems, is a fundamental quantum phenomenon in nature. The transition between metal (extended) phase and insulator (localize... |
1,108,101,563,281 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par \noindent In the past few years, a new approach in understanding and constructing quantum geometry had emerged from linking geometric quantities to information-theoretic one. This idea first emerged from the calculation of entropy of spherically symmetric isolated horizons~(SSIH) in Loop qua... |
1,108,101,563,282 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper introduces a novel class of sequence pairs called
``quasi-orthogonal Z-complementary pairs (QOZCPs)" and their applications in designing Doppler resilient waveforms in polarimetric radar systems. In what follows, we first review the state-of-the-art
on pairs of sequences and Doppler r... |
1,108,101,563,283 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the nearby Universe, compact dwarf galaxies are a rare class of objects. The majority of low-mass early-type galaxies (preferentially called dwarf ellipticals, dEs) do not follow the near-linear Log(size)-magnitude distribution defined by giant ellipticals but have nearly constant sizes over l... |
1,108,101,563,284 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Exclusive processes mediated by the weak force are
an area of investigation which will gather, we believe, a wide interest
in the forthcoming years due to the various experimental proposals to detect
neutrino oscillations at intermediate energy using neutrino factories and superbeams,
\cite{Scha... |
1,108,101,563,285 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{MUY}, the authors constructed a complete bounded
minimal immersion of the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ into $\mathbb{R}^3$ whose conjugate
is also bounded.
As applications of our results, we show in this paper that the technique
developed by F. J. L\'opez in \cite{Lopez} can be suitably modi... |
1,108,101,563,286 | arxiv | \section*{R\'esum\'e}
\else \small
\quotation{\bf \it R\'esum\'e \rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{0.2mm}\vspace{0pt}}
\fi}
\def\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}
\def\abstract{\if@twocolumn
\noindent\section*{{\bf Abstract}}
\else \small
\quotation{\noindent \bf {Abstract.} \rule[1mm]{1.5mm}{0.2mm}... |
1,108,101,563,287 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Social scientists and psychologists take interest in understanding how people express emotions and sentiments when dealing with catastrophic events such as natural disasters, political unrest, and terrorism. The COVID-19 pandemic is a catastrophic event that has raised a number of psych... |
1,108,101,563,288 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we apply the systematic theory of braided geometry introduced
during the last few years by the
author\cite{Ma:exa}\cite{Ma:lin}\cite{Ma:poi}\cite{Ma:fre}\cite{Ma:add} to the
problem of defining the totally antisymmetric tensor ${\epsilon}_{ijkl}$ and other
antisymmetrisers on quant... |
1,108,101,563,289 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Quantum computers and quantum simulators are nowadays
becoming a reality thanks to the advances in ion trapping and integrated
superconducting technology~\cite{2017arXiv171203773A,supercon,Linke3305,Monroe1164,Devoret1169}.
A possible device which is quickly being developed ... |
1,108,101,563,290 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
The detection of nearly 200 different molecular species over the last 50 years demonstrates that the interstellar medium (ISM) is home to a rich chemistry~\cite{McGuire2018}. In star-forming regions a multitude of species has been found and some of them, the so-called prebiotic ... |
1,108,101,563,291 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past decade or so, deep learning has contributed to improving the state of the art on many computer vision tasks. Powered by architectures adapted to the image domain, like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) \cite{lecun1989backpropagation} or Vision Transformers (ViT) \cite{vit}, deep ne... |
1,108,101,563,292 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are often treated in the thermodynamic limit, where the concepts of a critical point, critical exponents, and scaling relations are very clear~\cite{sachdev1999}. However, many physical many-body systems for practical applications these d... |
1,108,101,563,293 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The complexification of field theories has attracted
recent attention in the context of solving the sign problem.
The complex Langevin (CL) method
\cite{Parisi:1984cs,Klauder:1983sp,Seiler:2012wz}
and the Lefshetz thimble (LT) method
\cite{Pham:1983,Witten:2010cx,Witten:2010zr}
rely on the compl... |
1,108,101,563,294 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the years, cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) \citep{berman:cqed, walther2006cavity,miller2005trapped} where atoms interact with quantized electromagnetic fields have emerged as an excellent platform for engineering entanglement \citep{RevModPhys.73.565, PhysRevLett.90.027903}, photon bl... |
1,108,101,563,295 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite intensive efforts in the last two decades understanding the nature of the pseudogap phase in cuprate high temperature
superconductors remains an open problem \cite{Norman:2005}. At zero hole doping, the insulating parent compounds of these systems are three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagne... |
1,108,101,563,296 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Acoustic analogue of a black hole has been a lot studied in the literature
as a concrete laboratory model for probe several aspects of curved space
quantum field theory.
In 1981, Unruh\cite{1,2} showed that if a fluid is barotropic and inviscid,
and the flow of the fluid is irrotational, the eq... |
1,108,101,563,297 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The sharing of resources in animals can be defined as an active or passive transfer of food from one individual to another \cite{stevens2004conceptual, jaeggi2011evolution, jaeggi2013natural}.
Some examples are food division in primates \cite{brown1978food, feistner1989food, boesch1989hunting, d... |
1,108,101,563,298 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In the digital age, portrait and self-portrait photographs are extremely popular and have spread to every corner of the world.
Although these images are casual in nature, many users would like to retouch them before sharing online.
The general purpose photo editing tools, such as Adobe Photosho... |
1,108,101,563,299 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
Discrete differential geometry studies discrete equivalents of the geometric notions and methods of classical differential
geometry, such as notions of curvature and integrability for polyhedral surfaces. In this connection, discrete surfaces have been studied one after another with
strong t... |
1,108,101,563,300 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{s1}}
Flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) processes present as
stringest tests of the Standart Model (SM) as well as looking for
new physics beyond the SM. In SM, FCNC processes take place only
at the loop level and therefore these decays are suppressed and
for this reason experimentally ... |
1,108,101,563,301 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article, we pursue the representation-theoretic approach to
Fomin-Zelevinsky's cluster algebras \cite{FominZelevinsky02}
\cite{FominZelevinsky03} \cite{BerensteinFominZelevinsky05}
\cite{FominZelevinsky07} developed by Marsh-Reineke-Zelevinsky
\cite{MarshReinekeZelevinsky03}, Buan-Marsh-R... |
1,108,101,563,302 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
White dwarfs offer a unique view into the properties of planetary systems.
A star can retain much of its planetary system as it leaves the main sequence
and evolves through the red giant stage.
Although the inner $\sim 5$ AU of a planetary system may
evaporate within the red giant atmosphere ... |
1,108,101,563,303 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of modeling the observed ``random'' fluctuations of the velocity field and the intermittent character of the small scale dissipated energy in fully developed turbulent flows has played a critical role in the development of mathematical concepts around multifractal processes. In particula... |
1,108,101,563,304 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
In \emph{The Outline of History}, H.~G.~\citet[p.~1100]{HG-Wells-21:history} declared that ``Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe.'' Although Wells wasn't talking about Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology, he was talking about econ... |
1,108,101,563,305 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This work is a sequel to \cite{ZS2}-\cite{ZS4}. In \cite{ZS4}, we asserted that the lower bounds of modular representation dimensions stated in the abstract are attainable under the assumption that the associated complex finite $W$-superalgebras admit one- or two-dimensional representations. ... |
1,108,101,563,306 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Metamaterials and metasurfaces have recently emerged as promising platforms for manipulating the polarization state of electromagnetic waves because of their compactness, flexibility, and easy integration \cite{FPC2010PolMM_rev,RPP2016Metasurface_Rev,IEEEPJ2018LPC,IEEEAccess2019dual,JPD2020broadb... |
1,108,101,563,307 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
It is generally accepted that relativistic outflows from the core regions of
radio-loud active galactic
nuclei (AGN) are responsible for many of the
interesting phenomena that are observed in these sources.
Relativistic motion of synchrotron emitting plasma will result in
the Doppler boosting ... |
1,108,101,563,308 | arxiv | \subsubsection{#1}\vspace{-3\baselineskip}\color{black}\medskip{\noindent \bf \thesubsubsection. #1.}}
\newcommand{\myparagraph}[1]{\needspace{1\baselineskip}\medskip\noindent {\it #1.}}
\newcommand{\myindentedparagraph}[1]{\needspace{1\baselineskip}\medskip \hangindent=11pt \hangafter=0 \noindent{\it #1.}}
\newcomm... |
1,108,101,563,309 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The decisive requirement for the functioning of any complex system ranging from the subcellular level of biological organisms
to globe-spanning man-made structures is the transportation of matter and information. From theoretical point of view, these stochastic transport phenomenon are an intrigu... |
1,108,101,563,310 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Terahertz (THz) imaging is an emerging sensing technology with a great potential for hidden object imaging, contact-free analysis, non-destructive testing and stand-off detection in various application fields, including semi-conductor industry, biological and medical analysis, material and qualit... |
1,108,101,563,311 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The ATLAS and CMS collaborations discovered~\cite{HIGG-2012-27,CMS-HIG-12-028} a particle consistent with the
Standard Model (SM)~\cite{Glashow:1961tr,Weinberg:1967tq,Salam:1968rm} Higgs boson~\cite{Englert:1964et,Higgs:1964pj,Guralnik:1964eu,Higgs:1966ev,Kibble:1967sv} in
201... |
1,108,101,563,312 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The spectroscopic study of light-quark baryons ($N^*$, $\Delta^*$, $\Lambda^*$, $\Sigma^*$)
remains a central issue in the hadron physics.
Since the excitation spectra of light-quark baryons are an embodiment of
the dynamics of confinement in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD),
their p... |
1,108,101,563,313 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The Physics community was greatly stimulated by the possibility of supersolidity suggested by the torsional oscillator experiments of Kim and Chan\cite{Kim2004a,Kim2004b}; many groups reported corroborating evidence. But, with the realization that previously unexpected shear modulus behavior wa... |
1,108,101,563,314 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia (SZ), are among the main priorities in the present global health agenda \cite{world2006neurological}. AD is a type of dementia that affects primarily elderly individuals and is characterized by the degeneration of brai... |
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