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1,108,101,563,415
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \thispagestyle{fancy} The confinement of quarks is a remarkable phenomenon that features both static and dynamical aspects. To reveal its underlying mechanism it is on the one hand essential to restrict the analysis by considering certain limits where the system is considerably simpler and partic...
1,108,101,563,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Rellich type theorem for the Helmholtz equation is the following assertion (\cite{Re43}): Suppose $u\in H_{loc}^2 ( {\bf R}^d )$ satisfies \begin{equation*} (-\Delta -\lambda )u =0 \quad \text{in} \quad \{ |x|>R_0 \} , \end{equation*} for some constants $\lambda $, $R_0 >0 $, and ...
1,108,101,563,417
arxiv
\section*{Methods} \subsection*{Single crystal growth} Single crystal PBA samples were grown using slow-diffusion methodologies. Typical preparations involved counterdiffusion of aqueous solutions of a potassium hexacyanometallate(III) and a divalent transition-metal nitrate, chloride, sulfate, or acetate. Crystals o...
1,108,101,563,418
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction} The first-quantized method for the calculation of particle scattering amplitudes was suggested and used by Feynman \cite{Feynman:1950ir}, Nambu \cite{Nambu:1950rs} and Schwinger \cite{Schwinger:1951nm} in as early as the 1950's. However, it was not developed much until string theory was inven...
1,108,101,563,419
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Universe is opaque to gamma-rays. Very high-energy photons from extragalactic sources are absorbed by the ambient soft radiation and converted into electron-positron pairs \citep{gould_opacity_1967,wdowczyk_primary_1972}. These leptons are deflected by the ExtraGalactic Magnetic Field (EGMF...
1,108,101,563,420
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We would like to thank Martin Bordemann, Kurusch Ebrahimi-Fard, Dominique Manchon and Ander Murua for many valuable remarks during discussions on the topics of this paper. Thanks also to H\aa{}kon Marthinsen and to the anonymous referees for their helpful comments. \section{Introduction} ...
1,108,101,563,421
arxiv
\section{Proposed Method} \label{sec:proposedmethod} The idea of this paper follows the observation that the search space can be represented by a large directed graph, of which any architecture in the search space can be represented by a sub-graph. In other word, a neural network architecture can be obtained by prun...
1,108,101,563,422
arxiv
\section{Introduction \& summary of results} Lately, there has been an increasing interest in combining linear and dependent types \cite{schreiber2014quantization}, \cite{krishnaswami}, \cite{vakar14}, \cite{nothing}. The idea is that such a theory would inherit the higher-order nature of dependent types, while mainta...
1,108,101,563,423
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Diagnostic assessments are created with the goal of making classification-based decisions about respondents' possession of multiple latent traits, also known as attributes. Researchers have brought a number of tools to bear on the problem of diagnostic classification, including multidimensional ...
1,108,101,563,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most important aspects in the study of correlated system is the study of the effect of spatial inhomogeneity\cite{belitz}. There have recently been several examples of such systems where these inhomogeneities can occur intrinsically via quenched disorder in the system, or can occur s...
1,108,101,563,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has long been believed, and pre-explosion progenitors have proven for nearly a dozen cases, that type Ib/c and II supernovae are produced in the collapse of massive stars. Although we have yet to observe a pre-explosion gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitor, the evidence that many long-duration G...
1,108,101,563,426
arxiv
\section{Goal} In order to investigate the properties of the thick disk and its interface with the thin disk we have compiled a catalogue of elemental abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Ni, Fe including 830 stars (Girard and Soubiran 2004). The classification of thin disk and thick disks stars has been perfor...
1,108,101,563,427
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Serezha Natanzon was a very original scientist. He taught us a lot about his beloved Hurwitz numbers and related world of interesting special functions. One of these lessons was about the $Q$ Schur functions, which, in his opinion, had to be applied to counting of holomorphic coverings with spin...
1,108,101,563,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Using Einstein's equivalence principle in the study of wave function reduction was introduced by Penrose under the title of "gravitization of quantum mechanics" \cite{RefP1,RefP2,RefP3}. But, the concept of gravitization of quantum mechanics can be seen in De-Broglie's works where ...
1,108,101,563,429
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we are interested in the following Gagliardo--Nirenberg inequality: \\ For every $0\leq \alpha_1<\alpha_2$, and for $1\leq p_1, p_2, q \leq \infty$, there holds \begin{equation}\label{-10} \|f\|_{\dot{W}^{\alpha_1, p_1}} \lesssim \| f \|^{1-\frac{\alpha_1}{\alpha_...
1,108,101,563,430
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Motivation} The thermodynamic and dynamical properties of particles in restricted geometries are of great interest. They have been extensively studied in the context of porous media \cite{Given,Konig,Evans,Smit}, transport through narrow channels such as carbon nanotubes \cite{Hummer,Alle...
1,108,101,563,431
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most important problems to solve, in the realisation of quantum algorithms in hardware, is how to map operations onto the architecture. Scalable architectures for quantum computers are not expected to have all-to-all qubit connectivity: if we describe the pairs of qubits which may in...
1,108,101,563,432
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Time-frequency (TF) masking is widely used for monaural audio source separation. Given a monaural mixture speech signal, the goal is to estimate all the TF bins dominated by the same speaker, after applying the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to the mixture signal. For TF mask prediction, th...
1,108,101,563,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transport is among the best probes of quantum many-body systems, because it is sensitive to the nature of the system's excitations. Recently, quantum simulation has emerged as a new method to tackle the many-body problem by using a controlled cold atomic gas as a model for electrons in condensed...
1,108,101,563,434
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} \subsection{Motivation} \label{s:rarrccp} To keep pace with steeply growing global demand, e-service providers increasingly rely on platforms integrating heterogeneous computing resources. Such is the case with \emph{cloud computing}, which has emerged over the last decade aim...
1,108,101,563,435
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last years a substantial effort has been devoted to measure black hole (BH) masses for various quasar samples covering a wide range of redshifts and luminosities. McLure \& Dunlop (2004), from H$\beta$\ and Mg\textsc{ii}, measured virial black hole masses ($M_{\rmn{BH}}$) for $\sim10000$ ...
1,108,101,563,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{\bf Hard lattice problems.} Lattices are discrete subgroups of $\mathbb{R}^d$. More concretely, given a basis $B = \{\vc{b}_1, \dots, \vc{b}_d\} \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, the lattice $\mathcal{L} = \mathcal{L}(B)$ generated by $B$ is defined as $\mathcal{L}(B) = \left\{\sum_{i=1}^d \lamb...
1,108,101,563,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dynamics of many physical systems is described by using quantum time-dependent harmonic oscillators \cite{Dod75,Pri83,Cum86,Cum88,Pro91,Ghe92,Dod95,Dod05,Maj05,Mih09,Cor11,Der13,Gue15,Leo16,Zha16,Zel17a,Con17,HCr18,Con19}, where the construction of minimum wave packets is relevant \cite{Har8...
1,108,101,563,438
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Geoparsing is the process of recognizing and geo-locating location mentions from texts. It has been widely applied to various textual data, and is an important task in geographic information retrieval \cite[]{purves2018geographic}. A geoparsing system, known as a geoparser, usually functions i...
1,108,101,563,439
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:INTRODUCTION} Getting information about the camera used to acquire an image provides forensic analysts with important cues to counterfeit digital crime. Occasionally, such information can be extracted from the attached metadata, e.g., the Exif header. However, this may be unavailable ...
1,108,101,563,440
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many real-world problems, decisions have to be made in face of incomplete information. \emph{Partially observable Markov decision processes} (POMDPs, \citet{smallwood1973optimal}) are proposed to deal with the scenarios where the underlying states are not fully observable. POMDPs have import...
1,108,101,563,441
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} \renewcommand{\theequation}{1.\arabic{equation}}\setcounter{equation}{0} The inflationary paradigm not only resolves several long-standing puzzles in the standard big-bang cosmology \cite{ag1981}, but also explains the origin of the large scale structure in the cosmos \cite{lss}....
1,108,101,563,442
arxiv
\section{Motivations} The twin paradox is a well-known puzzle in the theory of relativity: one of the two identical twins travels on a high-speed spacecraft away from Earth and then turns around and comes back, while the other stays on Earth. The puzzle appears because each twin apparently sees the other as moving, an...
1,108,101,563,443
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $E$ denote an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$ without complex multiplication with conductor $N_E$. For a prime $p$ of good reduction, $E$ reduces to an elliptic curve over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$ and we denote by $a_p(E)$ the trace of the Frobenius automorphism acting on the points...
1,108,101,563,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A variety of space-borne experiments in the course of the last two decades (IRAS, Spitzer, \textit{Herschel}) have shown that the Galaxy is filled with relatively cold dust (15$\leq\mathrm{T}_{d}\leq30$ K, e.g. \citet{Ferriere01} distributed along each Line of Sight (LOS), and associated with t...
1,108,101,563,445
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} The discovery of strong correlations between the masses of super massive black holes (SMBHs) and several properties of their host galaxy (stellar velocity dispersion, bulge mass, and bulge luminosity; e.g., \citealt{gebhardt00a, ferrarese00, tremaine02, gultekin09}) have led to va...
1,108,101,563,446
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In $\setR^n$, the classical Dirichlet energy is the functional defined on $H^1$ by $$E(u):= \int_{\setR^n} |\nabla u|^2$$ for any $u \in H^1$. As well-known, it is related to the Laplace operator $\Delta:=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\partial_{kk}$ by the integration by parts formula, namely $$ E(u,v)=-...
1,108,101,563,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Traditional machine learning (ML) approaches require that all data and learning processes gather in a central entity. This limits their capability to deal with real-world applications where data are isolated across different organizations and data privacy is being emphasized. Federa...
1,108,101,563,448
arxiv
\subsubsection{Question 1: Is the Delta algorithm really more efficient than the \emph{Na\"ive}\xspace algorithm in practice?} \paragraph{How to test this?} \begin{itemize} \item Queries that have the distributivity property \item MonetDB/XQuery, other engines? \end{itemize} \subsubsection{Question 2: Does the IFP ope...
1,108,101,563,449
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgments} We acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) via WE5386/4-1, WE5386/5-1 and Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC-2111-390814868 and the Research Council of Norway through its Centers of Excellence funding scheme, project 262633, ``QuSpi...
1,108,101,563,450
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} This paper is the first of three devoted to bilattices, the other two being \cite{CCP,CP2}. Taken together, our three papers provide a systematic treatment of dual representations via natural duality theory, showing that this theory applies in a uniform way to ...
1,108,101,563,451
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Orion BN/KL is a complex massive star formation region that is associated with an explosive event that occurred some 500 years ago. In particular, it contains around 200 filamentary structures in H$_2$ emission known as the Orion fingers, which could be formed by the close {enc...
1,108,101,563,452
arxiv
\section{Building Blocks}\label{sec:preliminaries} \subsection{Biometric Features \& Template Matching} A Biometric Template (\ensuremath{\styleEntity{BT}}\xspace) is composed of features uniquely identifying an individual. In a biometric application (e.g., user authentication) a reference \ensuremath{\styleEntity{BT}...
1,108,101,563,453
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The understanding of non-equilibrium systems has been a main goal of statistical physics over the last decades, where a remarkable progress has been reached. Key to this advance has been the study of the statistics of several observables ranging from the entropy production or the work, to th...
1,108,101,563,454
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a domain $G\subset\R^{n}$ and a sequence of independent Wiener processes $\BM^{k}$, let us consider the following stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) \begin{equation} \md u=(a^{ij}u_{x^{i}x^{j}}+b^{i}u_{x^{i}}+cu+f)\,\md t+(\sigma^{ik}u_{x^{i}}+\nu^{k}u+g^{k})\,\md\BM_{t}^{k}\l...
1,108,101,563,455
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As the multi-party data-sharing becomes inevitable in the \emph{big data} era, privacy and security issues of data sharing also create major challenges for data curators and owners. More precisely, when releasing the useful data $X$, we also need to restrict the leakage of the sensi...
1,108,101,563,456
arxiv
\section{Discussion} \label{sec:discussion} We have introduced a novel learning framework for supporting human decision-making. Rather than viewing algorithms as experts, asked to explain their conclusions to people, we position algorithms as advisors whose goal is to help humans make better decisions while retai...
1,108,101,563,457
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{}Smart Contracts~\cite{wood2014ethereum} are sequential and executable programs that run on Blockchains~\cite{nakamoto2008bitcoin}. They permit trusted transactions and agreements to be carried out among parties without the need for a central authority while keeping transactions trac...
1,108,101,563,458
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Scene parsing based on semantic segmentation is a dense classification task for visual content analysis in image processing. The goal is to assign a class label to every single pixel in given images, i.e., parse a scene into different geometric regions associated with semantic categories such as...
1,108,101,563,459
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of this paper is to provide some remarks on the uniformizations of $\delta$-Gromov hyperbolic spaces developed by Bonk, Heinonen and Koskela in \cite{BHK}. For a $\delta$-Gromov hyperbolic space $(X, d)$ with a distinguished point $p \in X$, they introduced the metric defined by \begin{...
1,108,101,563,460
arxiv
\subsection{Mass dependance of $A_{FB}(M)$ as a function of $\sin^2\theta_W$ and PDFs at the Tevatron} The mass dependence of $A_{FB}(M)$ depends on both $\sin^2\theta_W$ and on PDFs In the region of the $Z$ pole, $A_{FB}(M)$ is sensitive to the vector coupling, which depend on $\sin^2\theta_W$. At hi...
1,108,101,563,461
arxiv
\subsubsection{Block-Design Visually-Evoked (BDVE) dataset} We herein provide an exhaustive description of the dataset in \cite{Spampinato2016deep} and include additional details, in order to make this paper self-contained. The recording protocol included 40 object classes with 50 images each, taken from the Image...
1,108,101,563,462
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two-dimensional (2D) flows have proven to be very useful for studying various phenomena in fluid dynamics since, compared to three-dimensional flows, they are much more amenable to theoretical analysis and numerical investigation. In particular, much of our fundamental understanding of transport ...
1,108,101,563,463
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:model} Random matrix models \cite{Wigner, thooft-planar, Brezin:1990rb,Douglas:1989ve,Gross:1989vs} were first introduced by Wigner in a context of nuclear physics, and have since then proven to be an essential tool in modern physics and mathematics, with applications in quantum chrom...
1,108,101,563,464
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Physical Layer Security (PLS) schemes have emerged as important tools to enhance confidentiality in wireless systems, adding an extra security layer on top of traditional cryptography by exploiting the fluctuations of the wireless channel~\cite{Bloch}. Among other strateg...
1,108,101,563,465
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concordant, currently dark energy-dominated, spatially flat cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology is so successful that we are now said to be in an era of ``precision cosmology" \citep{peebles02,ostriker04}. In this concordant cosmology, dark energy (DE), mainly introduced to close the universe a...
1,108,101,563,466
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} In the last ten years or so, Internet-of-Things (IoT) has become a main stream in communications technology. By connecting billions of devices to the Internet, IoT allows collecting and sharing a massive amount of data with ease. IoT enables objects to perform various tasks without ...
1,108,101,563,467
arxiv
\section{Introduction}% \label{Sec:Intro} Learning is an intrinsic human ability. We learn both from our own experience and from our peers. However, learning is not just about improving performance or assimilating new knowledge. It is also about analyzing new situations, understanding different perspectives, using kno...
1,108,101,563,468
arxiv
\section{Optimal Path for Example~\ref{ex:4node-optimal}} Since the graph $G_{\mathsf e}$ is strongly connected, the optimal path is independent of the initial state. We can also neglect a finite prefix of any path with respect to the computation of the optimal limit-average collected rewards. Any path in the graph $...
1,108,101,563,469
arxiv
\chapter*{{\Huge Abstract}} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Abstract} The realm of this thesis is cryptographic protocol theory in the quantum world. We study the security of quantum and classical protocols against adversaries that are assumed to exploit quantum effects to their advantage. Security in the quantum worl...
1,108,101,563,470
arxiv
\subsection{Settings of Pre-training}\label{sec:4_1} \noindent \textbf{Datasets.} We pre-trained our model on three public datasets: \textbf{1)} HowTo100M~\cite{miech2019howto100m}. It consists of more than 1.2M videos accompanied with ASR-generated speech transcription. The provided transcription is used to create vid...
1,108,101,563,471
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, the discovery that electronic properties of twisted stacked graphene multilayers can be controlled by the twist angle, which modulates the interlayer tunneling between the graphene layers, has led to the burgeoning field of ``twistronics"~\cite{Santos_2007,Morrell_2010,Andrei_202...
1,108,101,563,472
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Coronary artery disease (CAD), as a common cardiovascular disease, has been a leading threat to human health around the world\cite{luo2020dynamically,luo2020commensal}. It is caused by atherosclerotic plaques in the main blood supply branches of coronary artery trees and induces the stenosis or b...
1,108,101,563,473
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion of Lipschitz constant for a function, in general, bounds the rate of change of outputs with respect to the inputs. For neural networks, the Lipschitz constant of the network is an useful metric to measure sensitivity, robustness and many other properties. It has several applications i...
1,108,101,563,474
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A natural source of randomness is biometric identifiers such as fingerprints that are generally transformed into a frequency domain and quantized to obtain bit sequences that are unique to an individual \cite{Campisi}. Similarly, physical identifiers such as fine variations of r...
1,108,101,563,475
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Across multiple disciplines, studies of social media text and metadata have yielded valuable insights into population-level dynamics (e.g., consumer habits \cite{saura2019black}, voting patterns \cite{beauchamp2017predicting}). In several cases, the outcomes have enabled...
1,108,101,563,476
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We discuss the application of the BFKL method~\cite{BFKL} to the description of semihard processes, i.e. hard processes in the kinematic region where the energy variable $s$ is substantially larger than the hard scale $Q^2$, $s\gg Q^2\gg \Lambda_{\rm QCD}^2$, with $Q$ the typical transverse m...
1,108,101,563,477
arxiv
\section{\label{intro}Introduction} There has recently been a renewed interest in the interplay between Charge Density Wave (CDW) and superconducting states in layered dichalcogenides $MX_2$ ($M$=transition metal; $X$=S,Se), such as TiSe$_2$, TaSe$_2$ or TaS$_2$. The CDW mechanism remains controversial and various scen...
1,108,101,563,478
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Recent developments in the field of metamaterials and metasurfaces have provided useful platforms for manipulating and tailoring light-matter interaction with numerous applications ranging from cloaking \cite{alu2005achieving, schurig2006metamaterial}, enhanced spontaneous emission \cite{alu2009...
1,108,101,563,479
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Numerical methods are an essential tool to tackle quantum many-body systems, most of which lack analytical solutions. For these problems, though, the dimensionality---and with it the computational complexity---grows exponentially with the system size. This limits the applicability of exact nu...
1,108,101,563,480
arxiv
\section*{Appendix} \setcounter{section}{0} \renewcommand{\thesection}{\Alph{section}} \label{sec:appendix} \section{Network Visualizations} \label{appendix:visualizations} \subsection{Weight Sharing} \begin{figure}[h] \begin{minipage}{1.0\textwidth} \subfigure[Linear Policy - $17$ distinct parameters]{\includegrap...
1,108,101,563,481
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In four dimensional space time, the interactions of fermions in a Nielsen-Olesen vortex background have been widely analyzed in the literature, mainly in connection with bound states at threshold\cite{threshold}, zero modes\cite{zeromode} and scattering solutions\cite{scattering}. Recently, Frer...
1,108,101,563,482
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Regression discontinuity (RD) design originated in Thistlethwaite and Campbell (1960) that study the effect of the student scholarships on future academic outcomes. In RD design, for evaluation of the intervention of which status is determined by whether a covariate exceed a fixed known threshol...
1,108,101,563,483
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Prediction of human motions is key for safe navigation of autonomous robots among humans in cluttered environments. Therefore, autonomous robots, such as service robots or autonomous cars, shall be capable of reasoning about the intentions of pedestrians to accurately forecast their motions. Su...
1,108,101,563,484
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider a Coxeter system $(W,S)$, a positive weight function $L$, and the corresponding generic Iwahori-Hecke algebra $\mathcal{H}$. As detailed by G.~Lusztig in \cite{lusztig:unequal}, a choice of weight function gives rise to a partition of $W$ into left, right, and two-sided Kazhdan-Luszt...
1,108,101,563,485
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Neutrino oscillations have been measured with high accuracy in solar, atmospheric and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments (see \cite{1205.4018,1205.5254,1209.3023}). Hence, we know that neutrinos are massive and mixed particles (see \cite{Giunti-Kim-2007,...
1,108,101,563,486
arxiv
\chapter*{Introduction} In this thesis I will try to shed some light into the twilight zone between mathematics and theoretical physics. The risk of being in a twilight zone is that you get lost, which in this case entails uncertainty on the kind of scientific language to use or even on the kind of reasoning. The pay...
1,108,101,563,487
arxiv
\section*{\underline{\LARGE PART I}} \section*{I.0. Introduction} Dear participants, on behalf of Professor Anastasios Mallios, the Algebra and Geometry Section of the Mathematics Department of the University of Athens, the European Commission (principal sponsors) and Qualco (private partial sponsors), I wish to welc...
1,108,101,563,488
arxiv
\section{Improved Generative Inpainting Network} \begin{figure*}[h] \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=1.\linewidth]{fig/framework.png} \end{center} \caption{Illustration of framework.} \label{fig:framework} \end{figure*} In this section, we introduce an improved generative image inpainting network based on wor...
1,108,101,563,489
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization in search of a gravitational wave signal from the epoch of inflation are limited by a foreground of galactic dust \citep{keck_array_and_bicep2_collaborations_improved_2016}. Improving constraints on r, the tensor-to-scalar ratio,...
1,108,101,563,490
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Historically, the discovery of cooler main sequence stars has led to tension between the observations and the synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) generated by model atmospheres. Major advances are made with every discovery, which resolves most discrepancies, until the next coolest ty...
1,108,101,563,491
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S-Introduction} In our previous studies of the solar magnetogranulation based on 2D MHD simulations by Gadun \cite{Gadun00, Gadun01} we have touched upon the very important problem of the distribution of magnetic fields in quiet photospheric regions. As the interest in the weak...
1,108,101,563,492
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Markov random fields (MRFs) are widely used in a variety of applications as models for high-dimensional data. The primary reasons are interpretability of the model, whereby edges between variables indicate direct interaction, and efficiency of carrying out inference tasks such as computation of ...
1,108,101,563,493
arxiv
\section{Additional results} \begin{comment} \subsection{Additional quantitative results for CONTEXT} Table~\ref{tab:context} shows additional results for the CONTEXT dataset. In particular, results are added for training on the sparse-loss baseline as well as for the optimal labeling of superpixels consistent with ...
1,108,101,563,494
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The theory of combinatorial limits is an evolving area of combinatorics. The most developed is the theory of graph limits, which is covered in detail in a recent monograph by Lov\'asz~\cite{Lov12}. Further results concerning many other combinatorial structures exist, e.g.\ for ...
1,108,101,563,495
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} In this paper we present an asymptotic formula for the eigenvalue counting function of the Schr\"odinger operator $-\Delta +V$ for unbounded potentials $V$ on several types of unbounded fractal spaces. Such an asymptotic formula is often attributed to Niels Bohr in the Euclidea...
1,108,101,563,496
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As per the principles of classical theory, black holes do not emit particles. But in 1974, there was a paradigm shift in black hole physics when Stephen Hawking discovered that black holes can emit particles using the techniques of quantum field theory in curved space time \cite{haw1, haw2}. Sin...
1,108,101,563,497
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been known since 60s that there is an infinite dimensional symmetry group underlying asymptotically flat spacetimes known as the BMS group \cite{bms, sachs}. The role of BMS group in quantum theory was elucidated in a series of remarkable papers by Ashtekar et. al. \cite{aaprl,AS,aajm...
1,108,101,563,498
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A number of researchers have shown that ear recognition is a viable alternative to more common biometrics such as fingerprint, face and iris~\cite{Chang2003,Kumar2012,Yan2005}. The ear is stable over time, less invasive to capture, and does not require as much control during image acquisition as...
1,108,101,563,499
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(A,{\mathscr A},\mu)$ and $(B,{\mathscr B},\nu)$ be probability spaces, ${\mathscr F}$ a sub-$\sigma$-algebra of the product $\sigma$-algebra ${\mathscr A}\times {\mathscr B}$ in $A\times B$, and $X$ a Banach space. For $1\le p,q\le \infty$ we define $L_{\mathscr F}^p(\mu; L^q(\nu;X))$ to ...
1,108,101,563,500
arxiv
\section{Combined JUNO and ORCA analysis} \label{sec:ana} \subsection{Combination strategy} \label{sec:ana:combination} As described in Secs.~\ref{sec:juno} and \ref{sec:orca}, the detectors involved in this combined analysis work in very different conditions. This is true both in terms of their detection techniques ...
1,108,101,563,501
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{s:conclusion} This paper investigated the CP decomposition with a stochastic gradient descent algorithm for multi-way data analysis. This leads to a new method named Fast Parallel-CP Decomposition (FP-CPD) for tensor decomposition. The proposed method guarantees the convergence for a...
1,108,101,563,502
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum information science is a novel discipline which addresses how quantum systems may be exploited to improve the processing, transmission, and storage of information. This field has fostered new experiments and novel views on the conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics, and also inspire...
1,108,101,563,503
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The universe appears to consist of approximately 30\% dark matter, which clusters and drives the formation of large-scale structure in the universe, and 70\% dark energy, which drives the late-time acceleration of the universe (see Ref. \cite{Sahni} for a recent review, and references therein). ...
1,108,101,563,504
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The aim of contemporary and future computing systems is to deliver higher performance at lower power budgets \cite{parallelcomputing}. This includes embedded systems or "edge-devices" that add further limits to energy-usage due to limited battery life. Applications such as key-word spotting, faci...
1,108,101,563,505
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Twenty years after the discovery of the first exoplanet around a Solar-type star \citep{MQ1995}, the rapidly growing population of detected low-mass extra-solar planets has become considerable and their number will keep increasing, which generates a strong need \mybf{for} theoretical modeling an...
1,108,101,563,506
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Open star clusters (OCs) are stellar systems formed in giant molecular clouds (GMCs) located in the disk of the Milky Way \citep[e.g.,][]{lada2003}. Unlike their compact halo counterparts (globular clusters), the stellar members of OCs have a looser spatial distribution, hence ...
1,108,101,563,507
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} Much has been published on binary statistics and much of this has been concerned with the statistics of spectroscopic binaries (SBs) (e.g. Goldberg, Mazeh \& Latham 2003; Halbwachs et al. 2003; Boffin, Cerf \& Paulus 1993; Boffin, Paulus \& Cerf 1992). Among the statisti...
1,108,101,563,508
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automatic segmentation is an important task in medical images acquired with different modalities visualising a wide range of anatomical structures. A common approach to automatic segmentation is the use of supervised voxel classification, where a classifier is trained to assign a class label to e...
1,108,101,563,509
arxiv
\section{} There are two essential differences between nuclear reactions caused by binary and triple collisions. These differences can be classified as either kinematical or dynamical. The former are related to the selection rules which prevail in the two-- and three--body reactions. Some binary reactions are forbidde...
1,108,101,563,510
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{1} Let $A\supset\mathbb{Z}$ be a commutative domain which is finitely generated over $\mathbb{Z}$ as a $\mathbb{Z}$-algebra. As usual, we denote by $A^*$ the unit group of $A$. We consider equations \begin{equation}\label{1.1} a\varepsilon +b\eta =c\ \ \mbox{in } \varepsilon ,\eta\in A^* \...
1,108,101,563,511
arxiv
\section{Benchmarks} \label{sec:benchmarks} In this section, we describe the benchmark library for SYNTCOMP\xspace 2017. We start by describing two new benchmark classes in TLSF, followed by a listing of the classes of benchmarks (in both TLSF and AIGER format) that have already been used in previous competitions. For...
1,108,101,563,512
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan Xp GPU used for this research. \section{Conclusion} This paper presents a novel two-model hierarchical architecture for real-time hand gesture recognition systems. The proposed architecture provides...
1,108,101,563,513
arxiv
\section{Equations for the application of the Principle of Equivalent Time} \label{sec:rPETequations} \setcounter{table}{0} \renewcommand{\thetable}{A\arabic{table}} \input{TablePETResults} The proposed method to deal with annealing in thermal histories with variable temperatures is also based on the Arrhenius equati...
1,108,101,563,514
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Eclipse observations made as an exoplanet passes through superior conjunction allow the emission from the planetary dayside hemisphere to be inferred. Dozens of eclipse measurements have been published for broad photometric passbands, most notably from the \textit{Kepler} space mission \citep[e....