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1,108,101,565,215 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently there has been encouraging progress on nonperturbative studies
of the QCD thermodynamics which have stimulated a great deal of theoretical
activity. Phenomenological and microscopic models have been developed along
parallel and complementary lines allowing to predict a rich phase
struc... |
1,108,101,565,216 | arxiv | \section{Background}
The class of algorithms, commonly referred to as direct $N$-body algorithms is still
one of the most commonly used methods for simulations in astrophysics. These algorithms are relatively
simple in concept, but can be applied to a wide range of problems. From the simulation
of few body pro... |
1,108,101,565,217 | arxiv | \subsection{Details on the time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiment}
The femtosecond X-ray experiment is performed on the FEMTO slicing source of the Swiss Light Source (PSI, Villigen, Switzerland)\cite{Beaud2007}. The femtosecond X-ray pulse used is superimposed on a $\sim50$~ps background pulse, which contributes t... |
1,108,101,565,218 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{figures/figure1.png}
\caption{(a) the raw waveform image of a music track, (b) the corresponding Log-Mel spectrogram.}
\label{fig1}
\end{figure}
Supervised learning has hit a bottleneck. On the one hand, it relies heavil... |
1,108,101,565,219 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In many applications measured data can be represented in a matrix
$X_{m\times n},$ for which only a relatively small number of entries
are observed. The problem is to ``complete'' the matrix based on the
observed entries, and has been dubbed the matrix completion problem
~\cite{cai-2008,candes:r... |
1,108,101,565,220 | arxiv | \subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{3
\usepackage[inner=1in, outer=1in, bottom =2.9cm, top =2.9cm]{geometry}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.057}
\pretolerance=10000
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\emergencystretch=10pt
\newcommand\scalemath[2]{\scalebox{#1}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\displaystyle #2}}}}
\makeatletter
\new... |
1,108,101,565,221 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The effect of electron-electron interactions on transport properties of disordered systems {has attracted} a lot of attention since the early prediction \cite{AndersonMIT} and subsequent renormalisation group (RG) analysis \cite{AALR} of the disorder-driven metal-insulator transition. Weak loca... |
1,108,101,565,222 | arxiv |
\subsection{Batch-size effect}
Here we experiment with the effect of the batch-size on the performance of the HSIC-loss. The empirical HSIC value estimated on $m$ samples has bias of $O(1/m)$. This suggests that training with small batch-size might have a strong negative effect. However, in practice we have found tha... |
1,108,101,565,223 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the remarkable phenomena in condensed matter
physics is the universality of properties related to phonon attenuation at
temperatures smaller than $\approx 3$ K in a large class of materials, ranging
from amorphous solids, to disordered lattices, disordered polymers, and
quasi-crysta... |
1,108,101,565,224 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Anderson localization (AL), i.e. inhibition of transport, is one of the most famous phenomena in disordered systems \cite{Anderson1958}. It was successfully observed in many experiments, including quantum systems \cite{Roati2008, Billy2008, Chabe2008, Jendrzejewski2012, Manai2015, Semeghini2015}... |
1,108,101,565,225 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The \emph{magic} of quantum correlations has been often invoked to explain the exotic and
extraordinary phenomena like the superfluidity, superconductivity, and Bose-Einstein condensation,
displayed by, what may be called, the \emph{quantum fluids}\,\cite{London-... |
1,108,101,565,226 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\label{sec1}
The energy and the momentum of the gravitational field cannot be
localized \cite{one,two}. In fact, assuming the equivalence principle in its
stronger formulation, the laws of physics are those of special relativity in
a freely falling (non-rotating) labor... |
1,108,101,565,227 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Lines on the cubic surface and quintic threefold}
This article concerns the lines contained in the Dwork pencil of quintic threefolds. These manifolds, which we denote by $\mathcal{M}_\psi}\newcommand{\Ps}{\Psi$, are realised as hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^4$ by the quintics
\begin{e... |
1,108,101,565,228 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fix a closed, convex set $\Omega \subseteq \mathbf{R}^d$. For $p \ge 1$, let $\mathcal{P}_p(\Omega)$ denote the set of nonnegative Borel probability measures $\mu$ supported in $\Omega$ with finite $p^{th}$ moment $\int_\Omega |x|^p \d\mu < \infty$. Equip this space with the $p$-Wasserstein di... |
1,108,101,565,229 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Large scale historically significant phenomena can trigger societal transformations by shifting citizens' preferences and beliefs on important metrics, such as trust in institutions and the role of government in the economy. How such change happens, however, has been difficult to examine. Previo... |
1,108,101,565,230 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cosmological observations have indicated that about $95\%$ of the energy content of the universe is of unknown origin. About $25\%$ of this unknown energy, known as {\it dark matter \cite{Bertone:2016nfn} } behaves like a perfect fluid with equation of state
$w\simeq 0$ which is similar to that ... |
1,108,101,565,231 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{mage} super-resolution (SR), especially single-image super-resolution (SISR), is one kind of image transformation task and has received increasing attention in academic and industry. As shown in Fig.~\ref{SISR}, SISR aims to reconstruct a super-resolution... |
1,108,101,565,232 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last few decades the study of interaction between ultra intense laser pulse and plasma has attracted significant
amount of interest because of their applications in number of areas like laser fusion \cite{Tabak_94,mori_14},
plasma-based particle accelerators \cite{liu_13,joshi_07,San... |
1,108,101,565,233 | arxiv | \chapter{Distributed Resource Allocation in 5G Cellular Networks}
\title{Distributed Resource Allocation in 5G Cellular Networks\footnote{Book chapter in \emph{Towards 5G: Applications, Requirements and Candidate Technologies}, Wiley, 2015, (Eds. Rath Vannithamby and Shilpa Telwar).
}}
\author{Monowar Hasan and E... |
1,108,101,565,234 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are good candidates for nanoengineering due to their quasi-two-dimensional nature.
The weak interlayer interaction allows the fine-tuning of the electronic and vibrational properties of the nanostructure by stacking different types and numbers of layers.\ci... |
1,108,101,565,235 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heterogeneous structures of materials appear often in physics, chemistry, mechanics, life sciences, and engineering. Very often one is also led to consider heterogeneous structures with a very fine
and complicated microstructure. Phenomena like heat conduction or transport phenomenon are such st... |
1,108,101,565,236 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\thispagestyle{empty}
The \textsc{DAG Partitioning}{} problem was introduced by \citet{LBK09} in order to analyze
how short, distinctive phrases (typically, parts or mutations of
quotations, also called \emph{memes}) spread to various news sites and
blogs. To demonstrate their approach, \citet{L... |
1,108,101,565,237 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the AdS/CFT correspondence in low dimensions has seen renewed interest in the last few years \cite{Tong:2014yna}-\cite{Couzens:2022agr}. On the AdS side of the correspondence, a plethora of new AdS$_3$ and AdS$_2$ solutions of Type II and eleven dimensional supergravities with diff... |
1,108,101,565,238 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper establishes strong convergence rates for certain numerical approximations of fractional Brownian motion.
These approximations are inspired by Markovian representations of fractional Brownian motion \cite{carmona1998fractional, carmona2000approximation, muravlev2011representation, ha... |
1,108,101,565,239 | arxiv | \section{\scshape Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{F}$ be an algebraically closed field of any characteristic and
$\mathds{A}_{\mathbb{F}}^{n}$ be the $n$-dimensional affine space over $\mathbb{F}$.
Suppose a finite group $G$ acts on $\mathds{A}_{\mathbb{F}}^{n}$, linearly but not necessarily faithfully.
Then the coordinat... |
1,108,101,565,240 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The flat rotation curve seen in many
galaxies cannot be explained by the visible
matter and a Newtonian potential. Often this
is taken as evidence for non-visible, i.e.,
``dark,'' matter in the galaxies. There are
many candidates for what the dark matter could be (see for
example Griest (1995... |
1,108,101,565,241 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
SOXS, the two-channel, single object, medium resolution spectrograph, is designed to observe transient events and variable sources\cite{Schipani16,Schipani18,Sanchez18,Aliverti18, Schipani20}. The SOXS instrument consists of five sub-systems, namely Common Path (CP), Calibratio... |
1,108,101,565,242 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Random numbers are an essential resource in the information processing
era, finding applications in gaming, simulations and
cryptography. Cryptographic protocols are frequently built upon an
assumption of access to a private random seed. Using poor-quality
randomness can be fatal to the security ... |
1,108,101,565,243 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A lot of work has been done in the subject of thin spherical shells of
matter in general relativity \cite{israel,hajicek} and several applications
given \cite{polchinski,guth,balbinot}.
An interesting application of the mechanics of thin shells has been the
semiclassical treatment of the black... |
1,108,101,565,244 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The general Burnside problem is among the most influential problems in
combinatorial group theory. It asks whether a finitely generated group is
finite if every element has finite order. The general Burnside problem
was answered negatively by Golod~\cite{Gol64}. The first explicit
counter-example... |
1,108,101,565,245 | arxiv | \section{Scaling solutions at $H=0$}
\subsection{Numerical evaluation of scaling solutions}
In the main text, we make use of the scaling solutions for the disconnected correlation function at $H=0$,
\begin{equation}
\langle \sigma_r \sigma_0 \rangle = r^{-1/4} F_{\pm} (s)
\end{equation}
which is valid as $T \rightarrow... |
1,108,101,565,246 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The logarithmic minimal models ${\cal LM}(p,p')$ were introduced in \cite{PRZ0607},
and the present paper concerns these models in the Virasoro picture without
consideration for eventual extensions with respect to some $\Wc$-algebras.
As logarithmic conformal field theories \cite{RS9203,Gur9303... |
1,108,101,565,247 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
SMC methods are amongst the most widely used computational techniques in statistics, engineering, physics, finance and many other disciplines;
see \cite{doucet} for a recent overview.
They are designed to approximate a sequence $\{ \eta_n \}_{n \geq 0}$ of probability distributi... |
1,108,101,565,248 | arxiv | \section{\refname}}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
\renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}}
\newcommand{\<}{\langle}
\renewcommand{\>}{\rangle}
\newcommand{U_{p}(\vec{\alpha})}{U_{p}(\vec{\alpha})}
\newcommand{U^\dagger_{p}(\vec{\alpha})}{U^\dagger_{p}(\vec{\alpha})}
\newcommand{U_{p}(\vec{\alpha}_{\text{opt}})}{U_{p... |
1,108,101,565,249 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Formation of multiple systems is an active research topic related to
such areas as stellar mass function, disks, and initial conditions for
planet formation. Although large-scale numerical simulations
give reasonable match to the observed statistics \citep{Bate2012}, we
are ... |
1,108,101,565,250 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Mathematical formulae are an integral part of Wikipedia and other projects of the Wikimedia foundation\footnote{List of Wikimedia projects: \url{https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_projects}}.
The MediaWiki software is the technical backbone of many Wikimedia projects, ... |
1,108,101,565,251 | arxiv | \section{The Saga}
Intuitively, the explanation of color confinement should be encoded
in the infrared (IR) behavior of QCD Green's functions. The
Landau-gauge Gribov-Zwanziger (GZ) confinement scenario and the scaling
solution obtained by solving Schwinger-Dyson equations (SDEs)
demand --- for any space-time dimensio... |
1,108,101,565,252 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Collective spontaneous emission is one of the central topics of modern optics. An intriguing example exhibiting collective effect is superradiance discorvered by Dicke in 1954, where radiance intensity from an ensemble of emitters is enhanced due to the constructive interference between the radia... |
1,108,101,565,253 | arxiv | \subsection*{Scheme of analysis}
When describing quantum systems via density matrix one suggests that
the system is located in pure states $\Psi_{\alpha}^{i}$ with different
probabilities $\lambda_{i}$. The representation of eigenvectors of density
matrix on Argand plots is an ultimate goal of partial wave analysis. T... |
1,108,101,565,254 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Suppose we are given measurements $A_{i,j} \in \{0,1\}$ with $i,j \in \{1,\ldots,n\}$, and
with
\begin{equation}
\label{eqn:model1}
\begin{array}{lll}
A_{j,i} & =& A_{i,j}, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \forall i,j \in\{1,\ldots,n\},\\
A_{i,i} &=& 0, \,\... |
1,108,101,565,255 | arxiv | \subsection*{#}
\newenvironment{newfigure}{\begin{figure}\vspace*{1em}
{\vspace{-.25em}\mbox{}\hfill\rule{\textwidth}{.6pt}\hfill\mbox{}\end{figure}}
\newcommand{\Sp}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{S}}}
\newcommand{\T}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{T}}}
\newcommand{\w}[1]{\ensuremath{\widetilde{#1}}}
\newcommand{\tup}[1]{\e... |
1,108,101,565,256 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we prove the following extremal result, which resembles an entropy power inequality:
\begin{theorem}\label{thm:vector}
For $n\times n$ positive definite matrices $\Sigma_X, \Sigma_Z$, let $\mathbf{X}\sim N(\mu_X,\Sigma_X)$ and $\mathbf{Z}\sim N(\mu_Z,\Sigma_Z)$ be independent $n$-... |
1,108,101,565,257 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The Higgs boson is the last ingredient of the standard model (SM)
to be probed at experiments.
Precision measurements of the electroweak parameters
with logarithmic dependence on the Higgs boson mass
give indirect but tantalizing limit on $m_H$ to be less
than 186 GeV a... |
1,108,101,565,258 | arxiv | \section{the standard example}
Although we shall consider quotients of $S^2\times{S^2}$ briefly in \S3,
our main concern is with 4-manifolds $M$ covered by $S^2\times{R}^2$.
We shall identify $S^2$ with $CP^1=\mathbb{C}\cup\{\infty\}$,
via stereographic projection from
$(0,1)\in{S^2}\subset\mathbb{C}\times\mathbb{R}$... |
1,108,101,565,259 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At extremely high temperatures and densities, the strong-interaction matter can experience a phase transition
and form a hot and thermalized medium called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), where quarks and gluons are no longer confined, but propagate over larger distances than the typical size of a ... |
1,108,101,565,260 | arxiv | \section{CRM Simulations of RCE}
We begin by studying precipitation change in one of the simplest systems in which the radiative constraint on precipitation \eqnref{rad_precip_constraint} operates, namely tropical oceanic radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) with fixed sea-surface temperature. This system approximate... |
1,108,101,565,261 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper is motivated by the study of the nonhomogeneous linear recursion
\begin{equation} \label{eq:IntroLinear}
R \stackrel{\mathcal{D}}{=} \sum_{i=1}^N C_i R_i + Q,
\end{equation}
where $(Q, N, C_1, C_2, \dots)$ is a nonnegative random vector with $N \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{\infty\}$, $\ma... |
1,108,101,565,262 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the key features of a physical system for quantum information
processing (QIP) is quantum entanglement. The problem of entanglement
of multipartite systems is far from being completely understood, and
it has numerous interesting aspects.
One of the possible approaches to multipartite ent... |
1,108,101,565,263 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{N}{owadays}, there are a number of technologies for identifying a person, and one of them is face recognition, which has been applied in a wide range of applications \cite{Luan2017Disentangled,Jingna2020An}. Additionally, fingerprint recognition, palmprint and action recognition ha... |
1,108,101,565,264 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract (Not appropriate in this style!)}%
\else \small
\begin{center}{\bf Abstract\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}}\end{center}%
\quotation
\fi
}%
}{%
}%
\@ifundefined{endabstract}{\def\endabstract
{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}}{}%
\@ifundefined{maketitle}{\def\maketitle#1{}}{}%
\@ifund... |
1,108,101,565,265 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:level1}
The spin-$S$ antiferromagnet, with isotropic coupling $J_1$ between nearest-neighbor spins located on the sites of a square lattice, represents
one of the most paradigmatic models of quantum magnetism. At zero temperature, the system develops long-range antiferromagnetic (N\'e... |
1,108,101,565,266 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most remarkable discoveries of our time is related to the late time
acceleration of our universe which is supported by observations of high
redshift type Ia supernovae treated as standardized candles and, more
indirectly,
by observations of the cosmic microwave background and galaxy cl... |
1,108,101,565,267 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The puzzling question for the origin of compact stars (CS) with masses exceeding $2~{\rm M}_\odot$ can be successfully addressed at present only within the supernovae (SN) explosion mechanism based on quark deconfinement
in the stellar matter \cite{Fischer:2017lag}. This serves as an indirect a... |
1,108,101,565,268 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
For manufacturers who run for customized production, designing and setting manipulator trajectories in the programming system is a tedious and time-consuming task, because trajectories need to be redesigned and reset frequently to adapt to different applications in a flexible pr... |
1,108,101,565,269 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly being used in critical applications, such as self-driving cars and face authentication. Recent works have shown that gradient based attacks can reduce accuracy of visual recognition networks to less than 1\%, while minima... |
1,108,101,565,270 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix}\label{appendices}\setcounter{subsection}{0}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\Alph{subsection}.\arabic{equation}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\Alph{subsection}}
\renewcommand{\thethm}{\Alph{subsection}.\arabic{thm}}
\@addto... |
1,108,101,565,271 | arxiv | \section*{Results}
\section*{Results}
\subsection*{Hamiltonian design}
To solve a specific problem, our GSCQC protocol starts with designing a problem Hamiltonian whose ground state corresponds to the solution, as in AQC. Different from the AQC, we then need to design an ancillary system such that we can realize groun... |
1,108,101,565,272 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
The transition metal oxides based on nickel, or the nickelates for short, have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the last few years. Several recent papers have shown that nickelates are unique due to their strongly coupled charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom, whi... |
1,108,101,565,273 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Long duration Gamma--ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to originate from the collapse of massive stars.
Several lines of evidence points toward this conclusion, ranging from the association to type Ib/c supernovae (Woosley
\& Bloom 2006 and references therein), to the occurrence of GRBs in the most... |
1,108,101,565,274 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In a distributed multi-agent optimization problem, the inputs ({\it e.g.}, functions, variables, data) are spread over multiple computing agents ({\it e.g.}, nodes, processors) that are connected over some network, and the agents are required to communicate with each other to solve this problem... |
1,108,101,565,275 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Heavy quarkonium plays an important role in high energy collider physics, as it presents an ideal laboratory for studying the perturbative and non-perturbative properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) within a controlled environment.
The nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization formalism \... |
1,108,101,565,276 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Recently, there has been an increased interest in the possibility of investigating processes characteristic of extreme astrophysical objects in laboratories using powerful laser systems \cite{Remington2006, Bulanov2015a}. In particular, much attention is paid to the study of the magnetic reconn... |
1,108,101,565,277 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this note we give a new characterization of spaces with curvature $\ge 0$ in the sense of Alexandrov.
Our work is inspired by \cite{berg-nikolaev} and \cite{sato}, where an analogous definition was given for curvature $\le 0$.
\begin{thm}{Main theorem}
Let $\mathcal X$ be a complete space wi... |
1,108,101,565,278 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most intriguing open questions in particle physics
is understanding the origin of CP-violation.
Even though the observable CP-violating effects in kaon decays
can be accommodated within the Standard Model via the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mechanism [1], the real nature of
CP-viol... |
1,108,101,565,279 | arxiv | \section{Computational aspects of DP-ECMS}
Improving computation time of DP is relevant for frequent update of the velocity
profile which is important if road and traffic conditions are changing. Especially if information is available through V2X or V2V communication \cite{grumert2017using}. Therefore,
it is necessa... |
1,108,101,565,280 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Waves play an important role in the dynamics of the solar
atmosphere. They are believed as carriers of photospheric energy
into the corona leading to plasma heating. Waves are intensively
observed in the solar chromosphere and corona by SOHO (Solar and
Heliospheric Observatory) and... |
1,108,101,565,281 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Setting goals for yourself in different aspects of your life and publicly announcing those goals is nothing new. All year long, our social media feeds are filled with various instances of month, or year-long fitness \cite{site:fitness_challenge,ehrlen2020shared}, coding \... |
1,108,101,565,282 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
More recent development of QA systems \cite{song2018exploring, de2018question, zhong2019coarse} has started to focus on multi-hop reasoning on text passages, aiming to propose more sophisticated models beyond the shallow matching between questions and answers. Multi-hop reasoning requires the abi... |
1,108,101,565,283 | arxiv | \section{The nature of the problem}
Probably one of the most interesting problems in modern physics, since it
appears to be one of the most fundamental and, at the same time, one
of the simplest, is the problem of interference. The measurements of
Tonomura {\it et al.} \cite{tonomura89}, displayed in Fig. \ref{fig001},... |
1,108,101,565,284 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The topic of pattern avoidance has received a lot of attention since Knuth's work in~\cite{knu:acp3}.
To define pattern avoidance we start with saying that two words of integers $a_1a_2 \ldots a_k$ and $b_1 b_2 \ldots b_k$ are {\it order isomorphic} when $a_i \leq a_j$ if and only if $b_i \leq ... |
1,108,101,565,285 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Primordial black holes (PBHs) were proposed as a macroscopic dark matter (DM) candidate a few decades ago~\cite{Carr:1974nx}. They can be formed in simple inflationary models and do not require new physics below the inflationary scale (see, {\it e.g.}, Refs.~\cite{Carr:20... |
1,108,101,565,286 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as base stations (BSs), which are called UxNBs by the third generation
partnership project (3GPP) \cite{3GPP_uxnb}, has attracted substantial attention for 5G and beyond-5G due to their many advantages, such as high mobility, on-demand deployme... |
1,108,101,565,287 | arxiv | \subsection*{Acknowledgment} #1}
\def\floatpagefraction{.95}
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\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.95}
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\newcommand{\EFigure}[2]{\begin{figure} \centering
\framebox[85mm]{\epsfxsize=80mm\epsfbox{#1}}
... |
1,108,101,565,288 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetric gauge theories with matter fields generally have a large
degeneracy of inequivalent vacua. The space of vacua, or `moduli
space', can be readily determined at the classical level. After
quantization the problem of determining the moduli space is more
difficult because asymptotical... |
1,108,101,565,289 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solar eruptions often show rotational motion, especially in filament eruptions, which are commonly believed to be the manifestation of erupting magnetic flux ropes (MFRs). For example, during some filament eruptions, the observation of a bunch of helical threads that appear to wind around a cent... |
1,108,101,565,290 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth,trim=0.2in 3in 3.5in 0.3in, clip]{fig/teaser}
\caption{
Learning from policy sketches. The figure shows simplified versions of
two tasks (\textit{make planks} and \textit{make sticks}, each
associated with its own
policy ($\... |
1,108,101,565,291 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last few decades, observations from ground and space based telescopes coupled to theoretical models have built the Lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model. In this framework galaxies form within dark matter haloes that grow hierarchically \citep[e.g.][]{Gunn72, White78, Perlmutter99}.... |
1,108,101,565,292 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hot carrier solar cells (HCSCs) have been proposed as devices, which can increase the conversion efficiency of a single junction solar cell above the Shockley-Queisser limit \cite{1,2,3}. Since thermalization of photogenerated carriers is a major loss mechanism in conventional solar cells, HCSCs... |
1,108,101,565,293 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Possible relativities as described by relativity symmetries beyond the
Lorentz or Poincar\'e group of Einstein relativity have been catching
quite some interest recently (see for example Refs.\cite{dsr,G}).
Since the pioneering work of Snyder\cite{S}, symmetry deformation, mostly
considered ... |
1,108,101,565,294 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For every positive integer $N$, define the unimodular random matrix $U_N$ as the random square matrix of dimension $N$ whose entries are i.i.d. complex random variables uniformly distributed on $\mathbb{T}$, the unitary circle in $\mathbb{C}$. Denote by $U_N^*$ the adjoint matrix of $U_N$ and ... |
1,108,101,565,295 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ground-based telescopes suffer from the degradation of image quality due to the turbulent nature of Earth's atmosphere. This phenomenon, frequently termed as ''seeing'', prevents large-aperture telescopes from achieving their theoretical angular resolution. Even the best observing sites do not al... |
1,108,101,565,296 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Effective temperature (\teff) and surface gravity (\logg) are among the most fundamental properties of a star. Determination of these parameters (or their proxy) has allowed for an understanding of how stars form and how they evolve over time.
In the early days of spectroscopy, direct measureme... |
1,108,101,565,297 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding how protostellar and protoplanetary disks form is of fundamental importance to theories of star- and planet formation. Observations show their ubiquity around Class II objects \citep[e.g.,][]{AndrewsWilliams2005}. In recent years, doubt was cast on their accepted formation mechan... |
1,108,101,565,298 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s1}
Quantum field theory (QFT) on classical
Friedmann-LeMa\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-times is well
developed and has had remarkable success in accounting for structure
formation in inflationary cosmologies (see, e.g., \cite{mw}). In
this analysis one assumes that the backgrou... |
1,108,101,565,299 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The development of high technologies contributes not only
to the growth of corporations and world economies but also
to the development of fraud, which leads to losses of billions
of dollars every year around the world.
In 2018, eight Indian banks incurred \textdollar1.3 billion in
losses... |
1,108,101,565,300 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In the spiked covariance model proposed by \cite{johnstone2004sparse}, we are given data
${\mathbf x}_1,{\mathbf x}_2,\dots,{\mathbf x}_n$ with ${\mathbf x}_i\in \mathbb{R}^p$ of the form\footnote{Throughout the paper, we follow the convention of denoting
scalars by lowercase, vectors by lowe... |
1,108,101,565,301 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_introduction}
For a long time, statistical mechanics was restricted to systems
interacting via short-range forces. For example, the case of
self-gravitating systems is almost never considered in standard
textbooks of statistical mechanics and these systems have been studied
exclusive... |
1,108,101,565,302 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Solving differential equations is of great interest since the invention of calculus by
Newton and Leibniz. After two centuries and fifty years of the invention of calculus, Schr\"{o}dinger introduced his differential equation which now carries his name. It has been applied wide... |
1,108,101,565,303 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsubsection*{Context} Being able to predict the impact of a new infrastructure on the traffic in a transportation network is an old but still important objective for transport planners. In 1952, \cite{Wa52} noted that after some while the traffic arranges itself to form an equilibrium and for... |
1,108,101,565,304 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In Witten's 2+1 gravity\cite{achu,witten1} on spacetimes of the form
${\cal M} = {\Bbb R} \times \Sigma$, where $\Sigma$ is a closed
orientable two-manifold of genus~$g$, the simplest nontrivial case of
$g=1$ is known to differ in several qualitative ways from the generic
case ... |
1,108,101,565,305 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Origin of turbulence and then the viscosity parameter $\alpha$,
while has been demonstrated for a hot Keplerian accretion disk by the
magnetorotational instability (MRI; Balbus \& Hawley 1991; Balbus, Hawley, \&
Stone 1996; Hawley, Balbus, \& Winters 1999), is
still not well understood for cold... |
1,108,101,565,306 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s.introduction}
NGC 3256 is an infrared-luminous merger with a bolometric luminosity of $L_{\rm bol}=4\times 10^{11} L_{\odot}$
($D = 35$ Mpc, see Table \ref{t.4418param} for other parameters).
Its two nuclei with a projected separation of 5\arcsec\ = 850 pc \citep{Zenner93,Norris95} an... |
1,108,101,565,307 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ecology studies the relationship between living organisms and their
physical environment, including the
habitat requirements of certain species, the interactions in a community of species, both positive
(mutualism and commensalism) and negative
(predation and competition),
and the stability o... |
1,108,101,565,308 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Learning to manipulate objects is a fundamental problem in RL and robotics.
An end-to-end learning approach can explore the reach range of future intelligent robotics.
Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in visual affordance~\cite{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2203.00352, ma... |
1,108,101,565,309 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Online spaces are often exploited and misused to spread content that can be degrading, abusive, or otherwise harmful to people. An important and elusive form of such language is {\it hateful speech}: content that expresses hatred of a group in society.
Hateful speech has become a major proble... |
1,108,101,565,310 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Video continuity is the length of time the video is being played without
interruptions. A low video continuity would result in a stop-start
video that is known to impact on the viewer perceived video quality
\cite{ref:jitterperceptual}. One of the main causes of video discontinuity
in streaming ... |
1,108,101,565,311 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The internal structure of nucleons has attracted much attention in
the contexts of
the nucleon form factors, proton spin
and spin/charge asymmetry in deeply virtual Compton scattering and so on.
For a systematic study
of the nucleon internal structure, generalized parton distributions (GPDs) ... |
1,108,101,565,312 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
Monte-Carlo methods are the workhorses of statistical physics and lattice field theories providing insights in strongly correlated systems from first principles \cite{gattringerlang, newman1999monte}. In spite of their overall success, these approaches come with a number o... |
1,108,101,565,313 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entanglement is indispensable in the quantum information process.
Quantum entanglement states have been applied in quantum key
distribution and teleportation, entanglement purification,
factorization of integers, random
searches\cite{chuang}-\cite{ekert}. Generation and preservation of
enta... |
1,108,101,565,314 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Expectations formation is a core question in economics. In recent years, a strain of literature in macroeconomics and finance has been collecting empirical regularities using survey data on subjective forecasts. It finds that forecasts largely deviate from the full information model that predomi... |
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