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1,108,101,565,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently there has been encouraging progress on nonperturbative studies of the QCD thermodynamics which have stimulated a great deal of theoretical activity. Phenomenological and microscopic models have been developed along parallel and complementary lines allowing to predict a rich phase struc...
1,108,101,565,216
arxiv
\section{Background} The class of algorithms, commonly referred to as direct $N$-body algorithms is still one of the most commonly used methods for simulations in astrophysics. These algorithms are relatively simple in concept, but can be applied to a wide range of problems. From the simulation of few body pro...
1,108,101,565,217
arxiv
\subsection{Details on the time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiment} The femtosecond X-ray experiment is performed on the FEMTO slicing source of the Swiss Light Source (PSI, Villigen, Switzerland)\cite{Beaud2007}. The femtosecond X-ray pulse used is superimposed on a $\sim50$~ps background pulse, which contributes t...
1,108,101,565,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{figures/figure1.png} \caption{(a) the raw waveform image of a music track, (b) the corresponding Log-Mel spectrogram.} \label{fig1} \end{figure} Supervised learning has hit a bottleneck. On the one hand, it relies heavil...
1,108,101,565,219
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In many applications measured data can be represented in a matrix $X_{m\times n},$ for which only a relatively small number of entries are observed. The problem is to ``complete'' the matrix based on the observed entries, and has been dubbed the matrix completion problem ~\cite{cai-2008,candes:r...
1,108,101,565,220
arxiv
\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{3 \usepackage[inner=1in, outer=1in, bottom =2.9cm, top =2.9cm]{geometry} \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.057} \pretolerance=10000 \tolerance=2000 \emergencystretch=10pt \newcommand\scalemath[2]{\scalebox{#1}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\displaystyle #2}}}} \makeatletter \new...
1,108,101,565,221
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The effect of electron-electron interactions on transport properties of disordered systems {has attracted} a lot of attention since the early prediction \cite{AndersonMIT} and subsequent renormalisation group (RG) analysis \cite{AALR} of the disorder-driven metal-insulator transition. Weak loca...
1,108,101,565,222
arxiv
\subsection{Batch-size effect} Here we experiment with the effect of the batch-size on the performance of the HSIC-loss. The empirical HSIC value estimated on $m$ samples has bias of $O(1/m)$. This suggests that training with small batch-size might have a strong negative effect. However, in practice we have found tha...
1,108,101,565,223
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the remarkable phenomena in condensed matter physics is the universality of properties related to phonon attenuation at temperatures smaller than $\approx 3$ K in a large class of materials, ranging from amorphous solids, to disordered lattices, disordered polymers, and quasi-crysta...
1,108,101,565,224
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Anderson localization (AL), i.e. inhibition of transport, is one of the most famous phenomena in disordered systems \cite{Anderson1958}. It was successfully observed in many experiments, including quantum systems \cite{Roati2008, Billy2008, Chabe2008, Jendrzejewski2012, Manai2015, Semeghini2015}...
1,108,101,565,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The \emph{magic} of quantum correlations has been often invoked to explain the exotic and extraordinary phenomena like the superfluidity, superconductivity, and Bose-Einstein condensation, displayed by, what may be called, the \emph{quantum fluids}\,\cite{London-...
1,108,101,565,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \label{sec1} The energy and the momentum of the gravitational field cannot be localized \cite{one,two}. In fact, assuming the equivalence principle in its stronger formulation, the laws of physics are those of special relativity in a freely falling (non-rotating) labor...
1,108,101,565,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Lines on the cubic surface and quintic threefold} This article concerns the lines contained in the Dwork pencil of quintic threefolds. These manifolds, which we denote by $\mathcal{M}_\psi}\newcommand{\Ps}{\Psi$, are realised as hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^4$ by the quintics \begin{e...
1,108,101,565,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fix a closed, convex set $\Omega \subseteq \mathbf{R}^d$. For $p \ge 1$, let $\mathcal{P}_p(\Omega)$ denote the set of nonnegative Borel probability measures $\mu$ supported in $\Omega$ with finite $p^{th}$ moment $\int_\Omega |x|^p \d\mu < \infty$. Equip this space with the $p$-Wasserstein di...
1,108,101,565,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large scale historically significant phenomena can trigger societal transformations by shifting citizens' preferences and beliefs on important metrics, such as trust in institutions and the role of government in the economy. How such change happens, however, has been difficult to examine. Previo...
1,108,101,565,230
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmological observations have indicated that about $95\%$ of the energy content of the universe is of unknown origin. About $25\%$ of this unknown energy, known as {\it dark matter \cite{Bertone:2016nfn} } behaves like a perfect fluid with equation of state $w\simeq 0$ which is similar to that ...
1,108,101,565,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction}} \IEEEPARstart{I}{mage} super-resolution (SR), especially single-image super-resolution (SISR), is one kind of image transformation task and has received increasing attention in academic and industry. As shown in Fig.~\ref{SISR}, SISR aims to reconstruct a super-resolution...
1,108,101,565,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last few decades the study of interaction between ultra intense laser pulse and plasma has attracted significant amount of interest because of their applications in number of areas like laser fusion \cite{Tabak_94,mori_14}, plasma-based particle accelerators \cite{liu_13,joshi_07,San...
1,108,101,565,233
arxiv
\chapter{Distributed Resource Allocation in 5G Cellular Networks} \title{Distributed Resource Allocation in 5G Cellular Networks\footnote{Book chapter in \emph{Towards 5G: Applications, Requirements and Candidate Technologies}, Wiley, 2015, (Eds. Rath Vannithamby and Shilpa Telwar). }} \author{Monowar Hasan and E...
1,108,101,565,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are good candidates for nanoengineering due to their quasi-two-dimensional nature. The weak interlayer interaction allows the fine-tuning of the electronic and vibrational properties of the nanostructure by stacking different types and numbers of layers.\ci...
1,108,101,565,235
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Heterogeneous structures of materials appear often in physics, chemistry, mechanics, life sciences, and engineering. Very often one is also led to consider heterogeneous structures with a very fine and complicated microstructure. Phenomena like heat conduction or transport phenomenon are such st...
1,108,101,565,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \thispagestyle{empty} The \textsc{DAG Partitioning}{} problem was introduced by \citet{LBK09} in order to analyze how short, distinctive phrases (typically, parts or mutations of quotations, also called \emph{memes}) spread to various news sites and blogs. To demonstrate their approach, \citet{L...
1,108,101,565,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of the AdS/CFT correspondence in low dimensions has seen renewed interest in the last few years \cite{Tong:2014yna}-\cite{Couzens:2022agr}. On the AdS side of the correspondence, a plethora of new AdS$_3$ and AdS$_2$ solutions of Type II and eleven dimensional supergravities with diff...
1,108,101,565,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper establishes strong convergence rates for certain numerical approximations of fractional Brownian motion. These approximations are inspired by Markovian representations of fractional Brownian motion \cite{carmona1998fractional, carmona2000approximation, muravlev2011representation, ha...
1,108,101,565,239
arxiv
\section{\scshape Introduction} Let $\mathbb{F}$ be an algebraically closed field of any characteristic and $\mathds{A}_{\mathbb{F}}^{n}$ be the $n$-dimensional affine space over $\mathbb{F}$. Suppose a finite group $G$ acts on $\mathds{A}_{\mathbb{F}}^{n}$, linearly but not necessarily faithfully. Then the coordinat...
1,108,101,565,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The flat rotation curve seen in many galaxies cannot be explained by the visible matter and a Newtonian potential. Often this is taken as evidence for non-visible, i.e., ``dark,'' matter in the galaxies. There are many candidates for what the dark matter could be (see for example Griest (1995...
1,108,101,565,241
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} SOXS, the two-channel, single object, medium resolution spectrograph, is designed to observe transient events and variable sources\cite{Schipani16,Schipani18,Sanchez18,Aliverti18, Schipani20}. The SOXS instrument consists of five sub-systems, namely Common Path (CP), Calibratio...
1,108,101,565,242
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Random numbers are an essential resource in the information processing era, finding applications in gaming, simulations and cryptography. Cryptographic protocols are frequently built upon an assumption of access to a private random seed. Using poor-quality randomness can be fatal to the security ...
1,108,101,565,243
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A lot of work has been done in the subject of thin spherical shells of matter in general relativity \cite{israel,hajicek} and several applications given \cite{polchinski,guth,balbinot}. An interesting application of the mechanics of thin shells has been the semiclassical treatment of the black...
1,108,101,565,244
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The general Burnside problem is among the most influential problems in combinatorial group theory. It asks whether a finitely generated group is finite if every element has finite order. The general Burnside problem was answered negatively by Golod~\cite{Gol64}. The first explicit counter-example...
1,108,101,565,245
arxiv
\section{Scaling solutions at $H=0$} \subsection{Numerical evaluation of scaling solutions} In the main text, we make use of the scaling solutions for the disconnected correlation function at $H=0$, \begin{equation} \langle \sigma_r \sigma_0 \rangle = r^{-1/4} F_{\pm} (s) \end{equation} which is valid as $T \rightarrow...
1,108,101,565,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The logarithmic minimal models ${\cal LM}(p,p')$ were introduced in \cite{PRZ0607}, and the present paper concerns these models in the Virasoro picture without consideration for eventual extensions with respect to some $\Wc$-algebras. As logarithmic conformal field theories \cite{RS9203,Gur9303...
1,108,101,565,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} SMC methods are amongst the most widely used computational techniques in statistics, engineering, physics, finance and many other disciplines; see \cite{doucet} for a recent overview. They are designed to approximate a sequence $\{ \eta_n \}_{n \geq 0}$ of probability distributi...
1,108,101,565,248
arxiv
\section{\refname}} \usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows} \renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}} \newcommand{\<}{\langle} \renewcommand{\>}{\rangle} \newcommand{U_{p}(\vec{\alpha})}{U_{p}(\vec{\alpha})} \newcommand{U^\dagger_{p}(\vec{\alpha})}{U^\dagger_{p}(\vec{\alpha})} \newcommand{U_{p}(\vec{\alpha}_{\text{opt}})}{U_{p...
1,108,101,565,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Formation of multiple systems is an active research topic related to such areas as stellar mass function, disks, and initial conditions for planet formation. Although large-scale numerical simulations give reasonable match to the observed statistics \citep{Bate2012}, we are ...
1,108,101,565,250
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Mathematical formulae are an integral part of Wikipedia and other projects of the Wikimedia foundation\footnote{List of Wikimedia projects: \url{https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_projects}}. The MediaWiki software is the technical backbone of many Wikimedia projects, ...
1,108,101,565,251
arxiv
\section{The Saga} Intuitively, the explanation of color confinement should be encoded in the infrared (IR) behavior of QCD Green's functions. The Landau-gauge Gribov-Zwanziger (GZ) confinement scenario and the scaling solution obtained by solving Schwinger-Dyson equations (SDEs) demand --- for any space-time dimensio...
1,108,101,565,252
arxiv
\section{introduction} Collective spontaneous emission is one of the central topics of modern optics. An intriguing example exhibiting collective effect is superradiance discorvered by Dicke in 1954, where radiance intensity from an ensemble of emitters is enhanced due to the constructive interference between the radia...
1,108,101,565,253
arxiv
\subsection*{Scheme of analysis} When describing quantum systems via density matrix one suggests that the system is located in pure states $\Psi_{\alpha}^{i}$ with different probabilities $\lambda_{i}$. The representation of eigenvectors of density matrix on Argand plots is an ultimate goal of partial wave analysis. T...
1,108,101,565,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Suppose we are given measurements $A_{i,j} \in \{0,1\}$ with $i,j \in \{1,\ldots,n\}$, and with \begin{equation} \label{eqn:model1} \begin{array}{lll} A_{j,i} & =& A_{i,j}, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \forall i,j \in\{1,\ldots,n\},\\ A_{i,i} &=& 0, \,\...
1,108,101,565,255
arxiv
\subsection*{#} \newenvironment{newfigure}{\begin{figure}\vspace*{1em} {\vspace{-.25em}\mbox{}\hfill\rule{\textwidth}{.6pt}\hfill\mbox{}\end{figure}} \newcommand{\Sp}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{S}}} \newcommand{\T}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{T}}} \newcommand{\w}[1]{\ensuremath{\widetilde{#1}}} \newcommand{\tup}[1]{\e...
1,108,101,565,256
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we prove the following extremal result, which resembles an entropy power inequality: \begin{theorem}\label{thm:vector} For $n\times n$ positive definite matrices $\Sigma_X, \Sigma_Z$, let $\mathbf{X}\sim N(\mu_X,\Sigma_X)$ and $\mathbf{Z}\sim N(\mu_Z,\Sigma_Z)$ be independent $n$-...
1,108,101,565,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} The Higgs boson is the last ingredient of the standard model (SM) to be probed at experiments. Precision measurements of the electroweak parameters with logarithmic dependence on the Higgs boson mass give indirect but tantalizing limit on $m_H$ to be less than 186 GeV a...
1,108,101,565,258
arxiv
\section{the standard example} Although we shall consider quotients of $S^2\times{S^2}$ briefly in \S3, our main concern is with 4-manifolds $M$ covered by $S^2\times{R}^2$. We shall identify $S^2$ with $CP^1=\mathbb{C}\cup\{\infty\}$, via stereographic projection from $(0,1)\in{S^2}\subset\mathbb{C}\times\mathbb{R}$...
1,108,101,565,259
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At extremely high temperatures and densities, the strong-interaction matter can experience a phase transition and form a hot and thermalized medium called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), where quarks and gluons are no longer confined, but propagate over larger distances than the typical size of a ...
1,108,101,565,260
arxiv
\section{CRM Simulations of RCE} We begin by studying precipitation change in one of the simplest systems in which the radiative constraint on precipitation \eqnref{rad_precip_constraint} operates, namely tropical oceanic radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) with fixed sea-surface temperature. This system approximate...
1,108,101,565,261
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is motivated by the study of the nonhomogeneous linear recursion \begin{equation} \label{eq:IntroLinear} R \stackrel{\mathcal{D}}{=} \sum_{i=1}^N C_i R_i + Q, \end{equation} where $(Q, N, C_1, C_2, \dots)$ is a nonnegative random vector with $N \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{\infty\}$, $\ma...
1,108,101,565,262
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the key features of a physical system for quantum information processing (QIP) is quantum entanglement. The problem of entanglement of multipartite systems is far from being completely understood, and it has numerous interesting aspects. One of the possible approaches to multipartite ent...
1,108,101,565,263
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{N}{owadays}, there are a number of technologies for identifying a person, and one of them is face recognition, which has been applied in a wide range of applications \cite{Luan2017Disentangled,Jingna2020An}. Additionally, fingerprint recognition, palmprint and action recognition ha...
1,108,101,565,264
arxiv
\section*{Abstract (Not appropriate in this style!)}% \else \small \begin{center}{\bf Abstract\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}}\end{center}% \quotation \fi }% }{% }% \@ifundefined{endabstract}{\def\endabstract {\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}}{}% \@ifundefined{maketitle}{\def\maketitle#1{}}{}% \@ifund...
1,108,101,565,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:level1} The spin-$S$ antiferromagnet, with isotropic coupling $J_1$ between nearest-neighbor spins located on the sites of a square lattice, represents one of the most paradigmatic models of quantum magnetism. At zero temperature, the system develops long-range antiferromagnetic (N\'e...
1,108,101,565,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most remarkable discoveries of our time is related to the late time acceleration of our universe which is supported by observations of high redshift type Ia supernovae treated as standardized candles and, more indirectly, by observations of the cosmic microwave background and galaxy cl...
1,108,101,565,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The puzzling question for the origin of compact stars (CS) with masses exceeding $2~{\rm M}_\odot$ can be successfully addressed at present only within the supernovae (SN) explosion mechanism based on quark deconfinement in the stellar matter \cite{Fischer:2017lag}. This serves as an indirect a...
1,108,101,565,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} For manufacturers who run for customized production, designing and setting manipulator trajectories in the programming system is a tedious and time-consuming task, because trajectories need to be redesigned and reset frequently to adapt to different applications in a flexible pr...
1,108,101,565,269
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are increasingly being used in critical applications, such as self-driving cars and face authentication. Recent works have shown that gradient based attacks can reduce accuracy of visual recognition networks to less than 1\%, while minima...
1,108,101,565,270
arxiv
\section*{Appendix}\label{appendices}\setcounter{subsection}{0} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix} \setcounter{equation}{0} \makeatletter \renewcommand{\theequation}{\Alph{subsection}.\arabic{equation}} \renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\Alph{subsection}} \renewcommand{\thethm}{\Alph{subsection}.\arabic{thm}} \@addto...
1,108,101,565,271
arxiv
\section*{Results} \section*{Results} \subsection*{Hamiltonian design} To solve a specific problem, our GSCQC protocol starts with designing a problem Hamiltonian whose ground state corresponds to the solution, as in AQC. Different from the AQC, we then need to design an ancillary system such that we can realize groun...
1,108,101,565,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} The transition metal oxides based on nickel, or the nickelates for short, have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the last few years. Several recent papers have shown that nickelates are unique due to their strongly coupled charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom, whi...
1,108,101,565,273
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Long duration Gamma--ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to originate from the collapse of massive stars. Several lines of evidence points toward this conclusion, ranging from the association to type Ib/c supernovae (Woosley \& Bloom 2006 and references therein), to the occurrence of GRBs in the most...
1,108,101,565,274
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a distributed multi-agent optimization problem, the inputs ({\it e.g.}, functions, variables, data) are spread over multiple computing agents ({\it e.g.}, nodes, processors) that are connected over some network, and the agents are required to communicate with each other to solve this problem...
1,108,101,565,275
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Heavy quarkonium plays an important role in high energy collider physics, as it presents an ideal laboratory for studying the perturbative and non-perturbative properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) within a controlled environment. The nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization formalism \...
1,108,101,565,276
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, there has been an increased interest in the possibility of investigating processes characteristic of extreme astrophysical objects in laboratories using powerful laser systems \cite{Remington2006, Bulanov2015a}. In particular, much attention is paid to the study of the magnetic reconn...
1,108,101,565,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this note we give a new characterization of spaces with curvature $\ge 0$ in the sense of Alexandrov. Our work is inspired by \cite{berg-nikolaev} and \cite{sato}, where an analogous definition was given for curvature $\le 0$. \begin{thm}{Main theorem} Let $\mathcal X$ be a complete space wi...
1,108,101,565,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most intriguing open questions in particle physics is understanding the origin of CP-violation. Even though the observable CP-violating effects in kaon decays can be accommodated within the Standard Model via the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mechanism [1], the real nature of CP-viol...
1,108,101,565,279
arxiv
\section{Computational aspects of DP-ECMS} Improving computation time of DP is relevant for frequent update of the velocity profile which is important if road and traffic conditions are changing. Especially if information is available through V2X or V2V communication \cite{grumert2017using}. Therefore, it is necessa...
1,108,101,565,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Waves play an important role in the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. They are believed as carriers of photospheric energy into the corona leading to plasma heating. Waves are intensively observed in the solar chromosphere and corona by SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) and...
1,108,101,565,281
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Setting goals for yourself in different aspects of your life and publicly announcing those goals is nothing new. All year long, our social media feeds are filled with various instances of month, or year-long fitness \cite{site:fitness_challenge,ehrlen2020shared}, coding \...
1,108,101,565,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction} More recent development of QA systems \cite{song2018exploring, de2018question, zhong2019coarse} has started to focus on multi-hop reasoning on text passages, aiming to propose more sophisticated models beyond the shallow matching between questions and answers. Multi-hop reasoning requires the abi...
1,108,101,565,283
arxiv
\section{The nature of the problem} Probably one of the most interesting problems in modern physics, since it appears to be one of the most fundamental and, at the same time, one of the simplest, is the problem of interference. The measurements of Tonomura {\it et al.} \cite{tonomura89}, displayed in Fig. \ref{fig001},...
1,108,101,565,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The topic of pattern avoidance has received a lot of attention since Knuth's work in~\cite{knu:acp3}. To define pattern avoidance we start with saying that two words of integers $a_1a_2 \ldots a_k$ and $b_1 b_2 \ldots b_k$ are {\it order isomorphic} when $a_i \leq a_j$ if and only if $b_i \leq ...
1,108,101,565,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} Primordial black holes (PBHs) were proposed as a macroscopic dark matter (DM) candidate a few decades ago~\cite{Carr:1974nx}. They can be formed in simple inflationary models and do not require new physics below the inflationary scale (see, {\it e.g.}, Refs.~\cite{Carr:20...
1,108,101,565,286
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as base stations (BSs), which are called UxNBs by the third generation partnership project (3GPP) \cite{3GPP_uxnb}, has attracted substantial attention for 5G and beyond-5G due to their many advantages, such as high mobility, on-demand deployme...
1,108,101,565,287
arxiv
\subsection*{Acknowledgment} #1} \def\floatpagefraction{.95} \def\topfraction{.95} \def\bottomfraction{.95} \def\textfraction{.05} \def\dblfloatpagefraction{.95} \def\dbltopfraction{.95} \newcommand{\EFigure}[2]{\begin{figure} \centering \framebox[85mm]{\epsfxsize=80mm\epsfbox{#1}} ...
1,108,101,565,288
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supersymmetric gauge theories with matter fields generally have a large degeneracy of inequivalent vacua. The space of vacua, or `moduli space', can be readily determined at the classical level. After quantization the problem of determining the moduli space is more difficult because asymptotical...
1,108,101,565,289
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Solar eruptions often show rotational motion, especially in filament eruptions, which are commonly believed to be the manifestation of erupting magnetic flux ropes (MFRs). For example, during some filament eruptions, the observation of a bunch of helical threads that appear to wind around a cent...
1,108,101,565,290
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure} \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth,trim=0.2in 3in 3.5in 0.3in, clip]{fig/teaser} \caption{ Learning from policy sketches. The figure shows simplified versions of two tasks (\textit{make planks} and \textit{make sticks}, each associated with its own policy ($\...
1,108,101,565,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the last few decades, observations from ground and space based telescopes coupled to theoretical models have built the Lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model. In this framework galaxies form within dark matter haloes that grow hierarchically \citep[e.g.][]{Gunn72, White78, Perlmutter99}....
1,108,101,565,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hot carrier solar cells (HCSCs) have been proposed as devices, which can increase the conversion efficiency of a single junction solar cell above the Shockley-Queisser limit \cite{1,2,3}. Since thermalization of photogenerated carriers is a major loss mechanism in conventional solar cells, HCSCs...
1,108,101,565,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Possible relativities as described by relativity symmetries beyond the Lorentz or Poincar\'e group of Einstein relativity have been catching quite some interest recently (see for example Refs.\cite{dsr,G}). Since the pioneering work of Snyder\cite{S}, symmetry deformation, mostly considered ...
1,108,101,565,294
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For every positive integer $N$, define the unimodular random matrix $U_N$ as the random square matrix of dimension $N$ whose entries are i.i.d. complex random variables uniformly distributed on $\mathbb{T}$, the unitary circle in $\mathbb{C}$. Denote by $U_N^*$ the adjoint matrix of $U_N$ and ...
1,108,101,565,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ground-based telescopes suffer from the degradation of image quality due to the turbulent nature of Earth's atmosphere. This phenomenon, frequently termed as ''seeing'', prevents large-aperture telescopes from achieving their theoretical angular resolution. Even the best observing sites do not al...
1,108,101,565,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Effective temperature (\teff) and surface gravity (\logg) are among the most fundamental properties of a star. Determination of these parameters (or their proxy) has allowed for an understanding of how stars form and how they evolve over time. In the early days of spectroscopy, direct measureme...
1,108,101,565,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding how protostellar and protoplanetary disks form is of fundamental importance to theories of star- and planet formation. Observations show their ubiquity around Class II objects \citep[e.g.,][]{AndrewsWilliams2005}. In recent years, doubt was cast on their accepted formation mechan...
1,108,101,565,298
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s1} Quantum field theory (QFT) on classical Friedmann-LeMa\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-times is well developed and has had remarkable success in accounting for structure formation in inflationary cosmologies (see, e.g., \cite{mw}). In this analysis one assumes that the backgrou...
1,108,101,565,299
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The development of high technologies contributes not only to the growth of corporations and world economies but also to the development of fraud, which leads to losses of billions of dollars every year around the world. In 2018, eight Indian banks incurred \textdollar1.3 billion in losses...
1,108,101,565,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the spiked covariance model proposed by \cite{johnstone2004sparse}, we are given data ${\mathbf x}_1,{\mathbf x}_2,\dots,{\mathbf x}_n$ with ${\mathbf x}_i\in \mathbb{R}^p$ of the form\footnote{Throughout the paper, we follow the convention of denoting scalars by lowercase, vectors by lowe...
1,108,101,565,301
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_introduction} For a long time, statistical mechanics was restricted to systems interacting via short-range forces. For example, the case of self-gravitating systems is almost never considered in standard textbooks of statistical mechanics and these systems have been studied exclusive...
1,108,101,565,302
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Solving differential equations is of great interest since the invention of calculus by Newton and Leibniz. After two centuries and fifty years of the invention of calculus, Schr\"{o}dinger introduced his differential equation which now carries his name. It has been applied wide...
1,108,101,565,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsubsection*{Context} Being able to predict the impact of a new infrastructure on the traffic in a transportation network is an old but still important objective for transport planners. In 1952, \cite{Wa52} noted that after some while the traffic arranges itself to form an equilibrium and for...
1,108,101,565,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In Witten's 2+1 gravity\cite{achu,witten1} on spacetimes of the form ${\cal M} = {\Bbb R} \times \Sigma$, where $\Sigma$ is a closed orientable two-manifold of genus~$g$, the simplest nontrivial case of $g=1$ is known to differ in several qualitative ways from the generic case ...
1,108,101,565,305
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Origin of turbulence and then the viscosity parameter $\alpha$, while has been demonstrated for a hot Keplerian accretion disk by the magnetorotational instability (MRI; Balbus \& Hawley 1991; Balbus, Hawley, \& Stone 1996; Hawley, Balbus, \& Winters 1999), is still not well understood for cold...
1,108,101,565,306
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s.introduction} NGC 3256 is an infrared-luminous merger with a bolometric luminosity of $L_{\rm bol}=4\times 10^{11} L_{\odot}$ ($D = 35$ Mpc, see Table \ref{t.4418param} for other parameters). Its two nuclei with a projected separation of 5\arcsec\ = 850 pc \citep{Zenner93,Norris95} an...
1,108,101,565,307
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ecology studies the relationship between living organisms and their physical environment, including the habitat requirements of certain species, the interactions in a community of species, both positive (mutualism and commensalism) and negative (predation and competition), and the stability o...
1,108,101,565,308
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Learning to manipulate objects is a fundamental problem in RL and robotics. An end-to-end learning approach can explore the reach range of future intelligent robotics. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in visual affordance~\cite{https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2203.00352, ma...
1,108,101,565,309
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Online spaces are often exploited and misused to spread content that can be degrading, abusive, or otherwise harmful to people. An important and elusive form of such language is {\it hateful speech}: content that expresses hatred of a group in society. Hateful speech has become a major proble...
1,108,101,565,310
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Video continuity is the length of time the video is being played without interruptions. A low video continuity would result in a stop-start video that is known to impact on the viewer perceived video quality \cite{ref:jitterperceptual}. One of the main causes of video discontinuity in streaming ...
1,108,101,565,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The internal structure of nucleons has attracted much attention in the contexts of the nucleon form factors, proton spin and spin/charge asymmetry in deeply virtual Compton scattering and so on. For a systematic study of the nucleon internal structure, generalized parton distributions (GPDs) ...
1,108,101,565,312
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction} Monte-Carlo methods are the workhorses of statistical physics and lattice field theories providing insights in strongly correlated systems from first principles \cite{gattringerlang, newman1999monte}. In spite of their overall success, these approaches come with a number o...
1,108,101,565,313
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Entanglement is indispensable in the quantum information process. Quantum entanglement states have been applied in quantum key distribution and teleportation, entanglement purification, factorization of integers, random searches\cite{chuang}-\cite{ekert}. Generation and preservation of enta...
1,108,101,565,314
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Expectations formation is a core question in economics. In recent years, a strain of literature in macroeconomics and finance has been collecting empirical regularities using survey data on subjective forecasts. It finds that forecasts largely deviate from the full information model that predomi...