uuid
int64
541B
3,299B
dataset
stringclasses
1 value
text
stringlengths
1
4.29M
1,314,259,994,363
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The orbital period distribution of gas giants is a fundamental property of planetary systems and places constraints on their formation processes, migration mechanisms, and future evolution. The observed period distribution is not smooth. The majority of hot Jupiters, i.e. those with a semi-major ...
1,314,259,994,364
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Convolutional neural networks~(CNNs)~\citep{lecun2012efficient} have demonstrated great capability in various challenging artificial intelligence tasks, especially in fields of computer vision~\citep{he2017mask,huang2016densely} and natural language processing~\citep{bahdanau2014neural}. One com...
1,314,259,994,365
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The short-range hard-core attractive Yukawa (HCAY) fluid has been widely used as a simple model for testing a variety of theories\cite{Pini99, Paricaud06, Nezbeda07, Weiss07, Haro07, Shiqi04} and as a reference system for modeling the behavior of real fluids, such as colloidal suspensions\cite{P...
1,314,259,994,366
arxiv
\section{Continuous joint measurement of non-commuting observables} \label{sec:contmeasurements} Let us start by reviewing the continuous measurement process for a single observable represented by the Hermitian operator $A$. We assume a steady-state detector that consists of a continuous stream of identically prepare...
1,314,259,994,367
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In polynomial optimisation it is a central problem to certify that a real polynomial in $n$ variables is non-negative as a function on $\R^n$. One prominent approach is to write it as a sum of squares of polynomials which is studied in real algebraic geometry and used in semi-definite programming...
1,314,259,994,368
arxiv
\section{introduction} Recently, a huge amount of research on complex networks has been achieved in interdisciplinary fields including mathematics, statistical physics, computer science, sociology, biology, etc.~\cite{Newman2003a,Albert2002,Dorogovtsev2001a}. Complex networks are ubiquitous in the real world, e.g., the...
1,314,259,994,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modern microscopy techniques allow researchers to observe phenomena on a sub--cellular, cellular and supra--cellular level. The observation of cells at different scales gives insights of key biological questions within modern science fostering more and more systematic approaches to understand th...
1,314,259,994,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become much more closely connected to human activity. Many tasks that once used to require human labor, are now gradually being automated and shifted to AI. For instance, in order to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic situation, the use of robot wor...
1,314,259,994,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cherenkov radiation is a well-understood phenomenon related to the passage of charged, ultra relativistic particles through a dielectric medium. Since its discovery by P. A. Cherenkov in 1934~\cite{Cherenkov}, it has been studied both experimentally and theoretically with such success that Cheren...
1,314,259,994,372
arxiv
\section{\label{sect_toymodelproducthyperbolic}Parallels to arithmetic hyperbolic manifolds} \subsection{Phenomenology} We want to look at the geometry of Oeljeklaus-Toma manifolds by investigating to what extent there exist some parallels to the behaviour of hyperbolic manifolds in dimension $\geq3$. In the f...
1,314,259,994,373
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Technological advancements allow for both longer life expectancy and higher quality of life. These both increase demand on medical personnel, who are also expected more and more to perform personalized and patient-specific procedures, such as surgical planning via morph...
1,314,259,994,374
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with low cost and high mobility are an emerging technology and have found a wide range of applications, including food delivery, public safety, traffic monitoring, and many others over the past few decades\cite{Zeng2016,Challita2019a,Yang2019,Fan2019}. As these ap...
1,314,259,994,375
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Of the many types of data confronting signal processing researchers, time series data is perhaps one of the most common. While there are many possible ways to analyze a time series, one of the most important tasks in many areas of science and engineering is to characterize (or predict) the sta...
1,314,259,994,376
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Only within the last two decades has it been realised that the interplay between vigorous star formation and the state of the interstellar medium (ISM) can have profound implications for the evolution of galaxies and their environments (see for example Norman \& Ikeuchi 1989). Starbursts, and in ...
1,314,259,994,377
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum phase transitions involve a fundamental change in the symmetry of the ground state of a quantum system. Such a transition usually takes place due to the variation of some parameter $\lambda$ in the Hamiltonian of the system and is necessarily accompanied by diverging length and time scal...
1,314,259,994,378
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent We continue our program of geometrical preserved quantities (in Article I \cite{PE-1}'s sense) being systematically derived as solutions to PDE systems -- preserved equations -- treated as Free \cite{CH1} Characteristic Problems \cite{CH2, John}. \cite{PE-1} moreover provides spec...
1,314,259,994,379
arxiv
\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}% \normalparindent{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{-.5em}% {\normalfont\bfseries}} \setcounter{tocdepth}{1} \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma} \newtheorem{prop}[thm]{Proposition} \newtheorem{cor}[thm]{Corollary} \newtheorem{claim}[thm...
1,314,259,994,380
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Inspired by the observed double-tail structure of comets, which indicates the presence of gas outflow \citep{Biremann_1951ZA}, \citet{Parker_1958ApJ} predicted the outward expansion of the hot coronal plasma, which results in the formation of transonic outflow. Later on, the in...
1,314,259,994,381
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{model} \subsection{Modeling Computation} \label{intro-model} There is an interplay between the design of algorithms, modeling computation, algorithm implementation, and actual hardware. An algorithm is a high level description of a way of solving a problem, and we use a model of computat...
1,314,259,994,382
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Deep learning models have excelled in solving difficult problems in machine learning, including Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks like text classification \citep{zhang2015character,kim2014convolutional} and language understanding \citep{devlin2019bert}. However, research has disc...
1,314,259,994,383
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this paper, $K$ denotes a perfect field, and $\overline{K}$ an algebraic closure of $K$. Recall that a field $K$ is said to be perfect if every irreducible polynomial over $K$ has only simple roots in $\overline{K}$. \smallskip For $M\in\mathcal{M}_n(K)$, the set of...
1,314,259,994,384
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction} \allowdisplaybreaks \allowdisplaybreaks \section{Introduction} Freshness of the status information of various physical processes collected by multiple sensors is a key performance enabler in many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) \cite{8187436,8469047,8901143}...
1,314,259,994,385
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{n} this paper we study possible approaches to the design of electrically thin layers (sheets) which would behave as {\em perfect absorbers} for normally-incident electromagnetic plane waves. We say that absorption in a layer at some frequency is ``perf...
1,314,259,994,386
arxiv
\section{Why remove classical time from quantum theory?} \noindent Dynamical evolution in quantum theory is described by the Schr\"{o}dinger equation. The time parameter which is used for describing this evolution is part of a classical spacetime. By classical spacetime we mean both the underlying spacetime manifold, a...
1,314,259,994,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The aim of this work is to investigate the compatibility of the BRST reduction in deformation quantization, as introduced in \cite{bordemann.herbig.waldmann:2000a}, with the Hermiticity of star products. Deformation quantization as introduced in \cite{bayen.et.a...
1,314,259,994,388
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Gene expression is the process by which the genetic code inscribed in the DNA is transformed into proteins. The process consists of four main steps: \emph{transcription} of a DNA gene into an mRNA molecule, \emph{translation} of the mRNA molecule to a protein, degradation of mRNA molecul...
1,314,259,994,389
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent We discuss loopless and coloopless $p$-matroids, by $p$-matroid we mean a vector matroid $M\cong M[A]$ for some matrix $A$ of size $m \times n$ over the field $F = GF(p),$ for prime $p$. We denote the set of column labels of $M$ (viz. the ground set of $M$) by $E$, the set of ...
1,314,259,994,390
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the fundamental principles of synthetic biology is the construction of biological standardized parts and devices which are interchangeables. A proper characterization of these parts and devices appears as a key issue in order to make them reusable in a predictive way. In the recent past ...
1,314,259,994,391
arxiv
\section{\textbf{New Model of Boundary Coupled Neuron Network}} In this paper, we present a new model of boundary coupled neuron network in terms of the following system of the partly diffusive Hindmarsh-Rose equations, \begin{equation} \label{cHR} \begin{split} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} & = d \Delta u + au^2 - ...
1,314,259,994,392
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} \cfoot{In \textit{ACL}, pages 7916-7929, 2022} \thispagestyle{fancy} Text summarization is an important natural language processing (NLP) task, aiming at generating concise summaries for given texts while preserving the key information. It has extensive real-...
1,314,259,994,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Modern astronomy rests upon highly technological ground and space-based observatories that are capable of probing the sky with high sensitivity in almost all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. As a consequence, extremely large and rapidly growing amounts of high-quality digita...
1,314,259,994,394
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace*{-1ex} Darwinian evolution incorporates three basic processes: mutation, selection and random drift. In evolving populations mutations create variation, which produce fitness differences for selection to act upon and random drift accounts for stochastic effects arising due to the finite s...
1,314,259,994,395
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over 360 million people worldwide are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) \cite{mitchell2006many, blanchfield2001severely}. In the U.S. alone, over 15\% people are DHH, and regularly rely on captioning while watching videos to perceive salient auditory information \cite{larwan2019}. To provide quality...
1,314,259,994,396
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Geometry, and in particular differential geometry, is now considered a powerful tool to study statistical systems. Indeed, information geometry \cite{info1,info2,info3}, which started with the seminal paper by Rao~\cite{Rao} has emerged from studies of invariant geometrical structure involved i...
1,314,259,994,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is concerned with computing quantum sheaf cohomology rings, an analogue of quantum cohomology rings for heterotic strings. Quantum cohomology describes the operator product rings in A model topological field theories. Those operator product rings are deformations of the classical co...
1,314,259,994,398
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \title{Tight Lower Complexity Bounds for Strongly Convex \\ Finite-Sum Optimization} \author Min Zhang$^1$ \qquad Yao Shu$^2$ \qquad Kun He$^1$\thanks{Corresponding author.} \vspace{0.6em}\\ $^1$School of Computer Science and Techn...
1,314,259,994,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics implies that the final state of a particle that moves slowly along a closed path is identical to the initial eigenstate --- up to a phase factor. The Berry phase is a time-independent contribution to this phase, depending only on the geometry of the path...
1,314,259,994,400
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Preliminaries} In \cite{Br}, Bregman introduced an iterative procedure to find points in an intersection of convex sets. At each step, the next point in the sequence is obtained by minimizing an objective function, that can be described as the vertical distance of the graph of the function to...
1,314,259,994,401
arxiv
\section{Social choice and Boolean functions} \label{sec:arrow} We begin by discussing a problem concerning voting. This will motivate for us certain definitions involving \emph{Boolean functions}; i.e.,~functions $f \btb$ (or more generally, $f\btR$) whose domain consists of \emph{$n$-bit strings}. Sup...
1,314,259,994,402
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, there has been growing interest and a great deal of activity (see e.g. $[1],[2],[3],[4],[5]$) in multidimensional cosmology. A feature common to many of those works is to assume that the Universe is a $(4+d)$-dimensional manifold where, due to its evolution, only thre...
1,314,259,994,403
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} N\'eel\cite{Neel} predicted the first-order transition of anisotropic antiferromagnets in the presence of a magnetic field in 1936. He pointed out that the spins will abruptly change directions from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the $c$-axis (easy axis of subl...
1,314,259,994,404
arxiv
\section{Motivation and introduction} The Standard-Model Extension (SME) is an effective field theory that contains all the possible Lorentz-violating deviations from the Standard Model and General Relativity.\cite{SME} A reason for the creation of the SME is to facilitate the systematic search for Lorentz and CPT vio...
1,314,259,994,405
arxiv
\section{ Introduction } Our present knowledge of strong interactions indicates that QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics) is the quantum field theory that models the physics of this fundamental interaction. However, many important properties of the strongly interacting particles, the hadrons, can not be described using only p...
1,314,259,994,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Wave motion is prevalent in many applications and has a great impact on our daily lives. Examples include the use of seismic waves \cite{Aki_and_Richards_1981,10.1785/BSSA0530010217B} to image natural resources in the Earth's subsurface, to detect cracks and faults in structures, to monitor und...
1,314,259,994,407
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep neural networks have shown remarkable performance on various computer vision tasks in recent years. There have been many researches on network architecture that extracts discriminative features to gain more efficient performance. In the early years, most of the works were focused on design...
1,314,259,994,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:f1} The structure of Donaldson invariants of $4$-manifolds has been found out by Kronheimer and Mrowka~\cite{KM} and Fintushel and Stern~\cite{FS} for a large class of $4$-manifolds (those of simple type with $b_1=0$, $b^+>1$) making use of universal relations coming from embedded su...
1,314,259,994,409
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} Let $D$ be an open domain in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with its boundary $\partial D$. We denote by $C_0^\infty(D)$ the space of all infinitely differentiable real functions on $D$ with compact support. Consider the {\it Schr\"odinger operator} ${\cal A}=-\frac{\Delta}{2}+V$ acting on space $C_0^\infty(D)...
1,314,259,994,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The two-user discrete memoryless state-dependent multiple-access channel (MAC) models a scenario in which two encoders transmit independent messages to a single receiver via a MAC whose channel law is governed by the pair of encoders' inputs and by an i.i.d. state random variable $S$. In th...
1,314,259,994,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Attempts to apply mathematical methods to the extraction of information from data can be traced back to the work of Boscovich \cite{Bosc57}, Gauss \cite{Gaus09}, Laplace \cite{Lapl89}, and Legendre \cite{Lege05}. Thus, in connection with the problem of estimating parameters from noisy observatio...
1,314,259,994,412
arxiv
\section*{Abstract}{ Using the algebro-geometric approach, we study the structure of semi-classical eigenstates in a weakly-anisotropic quantum Heisenberg spin chain. We outline how classical nonlinear spin waves governed by the anisotropic Landau--Lifshitz equation arise as coherent macroscopic low-energy fluctuations...
1,314,259,994,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Personal stance towards an issue affects the decision making of an individual, while the stance holds by the public towards thousands of potential topics explains more. Stance detection is an important topic in research communities of both natural language processing (NLP) and social computing \c...
1,314,259,994,414
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries} \subsubsection*{Valuations and Problems Definition} Let $M$ be a set of items, $|M|=m$. Let $v:2^M\rightarrow \mathbb R$ be a set function. We assume that $v(\emptyset)=0$. $v$ is \emph{monotone non-decreasing} if for each $S\subseteq T$, $v(S)\leq v(T)$. In this paper we are mainly interes...
1,314,259,994,415
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study the following two systems: \begin{equation}\label{erlianbo} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \phi''+c\phi'+f(\phi)=0,\quad x\in(-\infty,0],\\ \psi''+c\psi'+g(\psi)=0,\quad x\in[0,\infty),\\ \phi(0)=\psi(0)=0,\\ \phi(-\infty)=\psi(+\infty)=1,\\ c=-\alpha \phi'(0)-\beta \...
1,314,259,994,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, we have witnessed the booming development of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. Companies such as SpaceX, Amazon, and OneWeb are accelerating the formation of a network of tens of thousands of LEO satellites \cite{del2019technical}. Since LEO satellite communication has r...
1,314,259,994,417
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning models used in critical decision-making scenarios can potentially amplify biases and have an adverse social and economic impact on individuals and protected demographic groups, e.g., race, gender \citep{barocas-hardt-narayanan}. Classification, scoring, and ranking are typical us...
1,314,259,994,418
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout this paper our general assumption on $R$ is to be a commutative Noetherian regular ring of prime characteristic $p$. Let $e$ be a positive integer. Let $f: R\rightarrow R$ be the Frobenius homomorphism defined by $f(r)=r^{p}$ for all $r \in R$, whose $e$-th iteration is denoted by $f^...
1,314,259,994,419
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Growing concerns about the environmental problems and energy crisis demand the urgent development of affordable and clean renewable energy sources as a viable replacement for derogating fossil fuels. In this regard, electrochemical water-splitting is an effective and sustainable approach to gen...
1,314,259,994,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A combination of increasing concerns about the effect of emissions on the environment, aggressive state-level renewable portfolio standards, and decreasing cost of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are spurring adoption of solar generation in distribution networks. However, from an operational persp...
1,314,259,994,421
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Einstein's theory of gravity has now been tested extensively in the solar system and in binary pulsar systems, using a wide array of relativistic gravitational phenomena \cite{lr}. These range from the deflection of light \cite{cassini}, to perihelion precession \cite{perihelion}, geodetic prece...
1,314,259,994,422
arxiv
\subsection{Preliminaries} Consider an undirected graph $\mathcal{G}=\{\mathcal{V},\mathcal{E}\}$ composed of a node set $\mathcal{V}$ of cardinality $|\mathcal{V}|=N$, and an edge set $\mathcal{E}$ connecting nodes. \textit{Graph signal} refers to data/features associated with the nodes of $\mathcal{G}$, denoted b...
1,314,259,994,423
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The adsorption of polymers on a sticky wall, or walls, and more recently the pulling, or stretching, of a polymer away from a wall has been the subject of continued interest \cite{privman1988c-a,debell1993a-a,janse2000a-a,rosa2003a-a, orlandini2004a-a,krawczyk2004a-:a,brak2005a-:a,mishra2005a-a...
1,314,259,994,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is compelling evidence of the ubiquitous presence of massive black holes (BHs) at the centres of nearby galaxies (Kormendy \& Richstone 1995; Kormendy \& Ho 2013). These BHs are mainly in low-luminous states (Ho 2008) or in quiescence, but sometimes they can enter highly luminous phases (A...
1,314,259,994,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The evolution of a spherically symmetric blast wave expanding into the interstellar medium (ISM) is a well-established, textbook topic, amply covered in many highly detailed reviews \cite[see e.g.][]{omk88, bks95}. After the relatively short free expansion and adiabatic phases, the gas just be...
1,314,259,994,426
arxiv
\section{Byzantine Consensus} \label{Bconsensus} In this section, we briefly review relevant exsting results on Byzantine consensus. Byzantine consensus has attracted significant amount of attention \cite{Dolev:1986:RAA:5925.5931,fekete1990asymptotically,vaidya2013byzantine,LeBlanc2012,vaidya2012iterative,vaidya2014i...
1,314,259,994,427
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The analysis of sequential data is a very active research area that addresses problems where data is processed naturally as sequences or can be better modeled that way, such as sentiment analysis, machine translation, video analytics, speech recognition, and time-series processing. A scenario t...
1,314,259,994,428
arxiv
\section{Introduction and auxiliary results} Let $x \in \mathbb{R}_+,\ f \in L_p(\mathbb{R}_+),\ 1\le p< \infty$ be a complex-valued function. It is known that the classical Laplace transform $$(\mathcal{ L} f)(x)= \int_0^\infty e^{-xt}f(t)dt,\quad x >0,\eqno(1)$$ is well defined and one can compute its iteration,...
1,314,259,994,429
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Resonant tunneling often plays an important role in current transport in transmissive superconducting junctions. The presence of impurities in the tunnel barriers may strongly affect Josephson tunneling \cite{Asl2,Tart,Gla,Dev} as well as Andreev transport under applied voltage \cite{Gla2,Golub}...
1,314,259,994,430
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} With the onset of quantum information theory, the weirdness of quantum mechanics has transitioned from being a bug to being a feature, and the first demonstrations of quantum speedup have recently been achieved~\cite{arute2019quantum,zhong2020quantum}, building on inherently ...
1,314,259,994,431
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In graphic design, there are many creative applications providing thousands of templates. These design platforms are suitable for creative designers and amateurs such as marketing professionals, bloggers, social media managers, etc. In design workflows, users choose a template and replace the el...
1,314,259,994,432
arxiv
\chapter{Spherical atom} \label {ch1} \section{Introduction} Quantum mechanics permits one to calculate with a high accuracy all parameters of an electron in an atom, such as its energy, squared angular momentum, projection of the angular momentum on the $Z$ axis and others. The square of the wave function determ...
1,314,259,994,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(M,g)$ be a spacetime, i.e. a connected time-oriented Lorentzian manifold. The set of null geodesics of $(M,g)$ naturally carries a topology as the quotient of the null cones $\{v\in TM|\; g(v,v)=0,\; v\neq 0\}$ by the actions of the geodesic flow and the Euler vector field. It is shown in...
1,314,259,994,434
arxiv
\section{Background}~\label{sec:background} Let $\reals$ denote the set of real numbers, $\reals^+$ denote non-negative real numbers, and $\bools : \{ \mbox{true}, \mbox{false}\}$. A column vector $[x_1, x_2,..., x_n]^t$ is written as $\vx$. We write $\vx \circ \vy$ to denote element-wise multiplication and $\vx \cdo...
1,314,259,994,435
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An \emph{iterated function system (IFS)} on $\mathbb{R}^d$ is a finite collection of strictly contractive self-maps $f_1,\ldots,f_\kappa$. A classical result, formalized by Hutchinson \cite{Hutchinson1981} (although the crucial idea goes back to Moran \cite{Moran1946}), states that for every IFS...
1,314,259,994,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:1} For each prime number $p$, there are the mod $p$ and Brown-Peterson cohomology. For a compact connected Lie group $G$, the mod $p$ cohomology of the classifying space $BG$ has no nonzero odd degree element if the integral cohomology of $G$ has no $p$-torsion. So does the ...
1,314,259,994,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The investigation of $4f$-containing metals by far-infrared optical spectroscopy provides valuable insight into the nature of strong electronic correlations. This in particular holds true for heavy fermion (HF) compounds where at low temperatures a weak $4f$-conduction electron ($cf$-)hybridizati...
1,314,259,994,438
arxiv
\section*{Photonic quantum information processing} Photonic quantum hardware is rapidly developing where the benefits of advanced photonic chip technology are exploited. Quantum photonics therefore appears as a front runner in quantum technology where real-world applications emerge early. Photonics is indispensable i...
1,314,259,994,439
arxiv
\section*{Motivation} This lecture series is aimed at describing our recent attempts to derive the properties of nuclei using the light-front formalism. Nuclear properties are very well handled within existing conventional nuclear theory, so it is necessary to explain the motivation. It seems to me that unders...
1,314,259,994,440
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Competitive analysis is a well-known technique to measure the quality of online versus offline decisions \cite{borodin1998,sleator1985}. \emph{Online} decisions are irrevocable (i.e.\ we cannot change past decisions) and instantaneous (i.e.\ we cannot use future knowledge). \emp...
1,314,259,994,441
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper considers the problem of estimating an average treatment effect from observational or experimental data, provided that a sufficient set of control variables are available. We pose the question: might the statistical precision of our estimates improve if we used only a subset of the av...
1,314,259,994,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Unpredictability of play calls is widely accepted to be a key ingredient to success in the NFL. For example, according to several players of the 2017 Dallas Cowboys, being too predictable regarding their play calling may have been one reason for their elimination from the playoff contention of th...
1,314,259,994,443
arxiv
\section*{Keywords} \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} \begingroup \let\cleardoublepage\clearpag \tableofcontents \endgroup \markboth{}{ \section{Introduction} Black hole perturbation theory has a long and rich history, dating back at least as far as Regge and Wheeler's study of odd-parity perturbations of Schwarzschild spa...
1,314,259,994,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction } There is a well-known relation between the existence of a bifurcate Killing horizon on certain spacetime manifolds and the temperature of some specially privileged equilibrium thermal states. The Rindler, the de Sitter, and the Schwarzschild spacetimes are examples of such situation \c...
1,314,259,994,445
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Accretion-powered millisecond pulsars (AMPs) are neutron stars (NS) that experience transient accretion episodes and show millisecond pulsations corresponding to the stellar rotational period. Presently, 13 objects of this class are known \citep[see reviews by][]{P06,W06,2010arXiv1007.1108P}. Th...
1,314,259,994,446
arxiv
\section*{Funding Information} Australian Research Council (ARC) (DP140101336, DP170100531). RIW acknowledges support through an MQ Research Fellowship. \bigskip
1,314,259,994,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The oscillation phenomenon between the neutron and antineutron, $n \to {\bar n} $ was suggested in early 70's by Kuzmin \cite{Kuzmin:1970nx}. First theoretical scheme for $n-{\bar n} $ oscillation was suggested in Ref. \cite{Mohapatra:1980qe}, followed by other models as e.g. \cite{Babu:2...
1,314,259,994,448
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In quantum dot spectroscopy, rather simple, idealized theoretical approaches have been applied to discuss which confined interband optical transitions are formally allowed and which are formally forbidden. But one {\em expects} the simple rules not to work. Yet, the mechanisms for failure have on...
1,314,259,994,449
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Accurate modeling of non-Newtonian fluid flows has been a long-standing problem. Existing hydrodynamic models have to resort to ad hoc assumptions either directly at the macro-scale level when writing down constitutive laws, or as closure assumptions when deriving macro-scale models from some un...
1,314,259,994,450
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) are of great importance in exclusive $B$-meson decays like $B \rightarrow \pi \pi$ or $B \rightarrow \pi K$ in the heavy quark limit and allow for the study of $CP$-violation in weak interactions. They parametrize matrix elements of nonlocal h...
1,314,259,994,451
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we develop sample-path large deviations for one-dimensional L\'evy processes and random walks, assuming the jump sizes are heavy-tailed. Specifically, let $X(t),t\geq 0,$ be a centered L\'evy process with regularly varying L\'evy measure $\nu$. Assume that $\P(X(1)>x)$ is regularly...
1,314,259,994,452
arxiv
\section{introduction} The binary black holes (BBHs) detected by the ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors LIGO~\citep{Harry:2010zz} and Virgo~\citep{TheVirgo:2014hva} all merged in the local universe~\citep{2016PhRvL.116x1102A,GW151226-DETECTION,2016PhRvX...6d1015A,2017PhRvL.118v1101A,2017ApJ...851L..35A,2017...
1,314,259,994,453
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study a rather general class of jump type stochastic differential equations taking values in $ \mathbb {R}^d $ evolving according to \begin{equation}\label{eq:sde} X_t = x +\int_0^t b (s, X_s) d s + \int_{[0, t ]} \int_{ \mathbb {R}^m \times \mathbb {R}_+} c (s, z, X_{s-}) 1_...
1,314,259,994,454
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Social coding platforms, such as GitHub, have changed the collaborative nature of open source software development by integrating mechanisms such as issue reporting and pull requests into distributed version control tools~\cite{Dabbish2012,gousios2014exploratory}. This pull-based development wor...
1,314,259,994,455
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \defcitealias{pdm00}{PDM} \defcitealias{dem06}{DMPP} In recent years an increasing number of globular clusters (GCs) have been found to be seriously depleted in low-mass stars ($\lesssim 0.5$\,M${_\odot}$\,) when compared with high-concentration clusters (\citealt{pdm00} hereafter \citetalias{...
1,314,259,994,456
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Macroscopic systems, in absence of an external drive, equilibrate with the environment. However, relaxation may be slow, i.e. with a relaxation time which exceeds any attainable observation time~\cite{Palmer}. In that case, only dynamical properties are accessible to observation and the questio...
1,314,259,994,457
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems arise in many applications, such as aerodynamics, hemodynamics and geomechanics. They are used to predict flow properties in patient-specific arterial geometries, microfluidic devices and in the design of many industrial components. FSI problems are ...
1,314,259,994,458
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years string theory or, more specifically, gauge-gravity duality has seen interesting applications in the field of condensed matter physics. One of the earliest such applications is the discovery of a superconductor-like phase transition in AdS with a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole a...
1,314,259,994,459
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S1} Andrews, Bhattacharjee and Dastidar \cite{Andrews1} introduced a new statistic of integer partitions, which they named as the $k$-measure. \begin{definition} The $k$-measure of a partition is the length of the largest subsequence of parts in the partition in which the difference bet...
1,314,259,994,460
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concept of outliers has been studied extensively in the statistics community from the $19^{th}$ century \cite{Edgeworth1887}. In real-world application scenarios, usually there is outlier data, a.k.a. anomaly, which differs from the rest of the data. The word outlier stands for \textit{a sta...
1,314,259,994,461
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The binaries with orbital periods shorter than a few hours, namely { ultracompact binaries (UCBs)}, play a crucial role in the functional tests of space gravitational wave observatories \citep{Shah+etal+2012}. Over the past two years, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) has discovered a few UCB...
1,314,259,994,462
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Networks and network theory have been utilized to represent and analyze the structure and function of a myriad of biological systems. These systems span scales from cells to ecosystems and include gene regulatory networks~\cite{barabasi_nat2004,alon_2007}, metabolic pathways~\cite{guim...