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1,116,691,499,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quasar absorption systems have historically been divided largely into three physically distinct categories: (i) absorption systems with strong metal lines arising in or near intervening galaxies, (ii) weak {\rm H}~{\sc i}\ systems in the Ly$\alpha$\ forest that come from the intergalactic medium...
1,116,691,499,116
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Review of the contents} A well-established principle in the border area between algebraic topology and global analysis predicts that local geometric representations of primary topological invariants lead to interesting secondary constructions \cite[Introduction]{bunke-2008}. In the...
1,116,691,499,117
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a given graph $F$, the Turan number $\ex(n,F)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph and containing no copy of $F$. The generalized Turan number was introduced in \cite{bollobas2008pentagons,erdos1962number} and was systematically studied by N. Alon, C. Shikhelman \cite{alon2...
1,116,691,499,118
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article, we present a technique, based on a degeneration idea that Couveignes in \cite{Couv99} used in a slightly different context, to construct covers of elliptic curves with unique, totally ramified branch points. In particular, given an elliptic curve $E$ and an integer $g\ge 2$, we ...
1,116,691,499,119
arxiv
\section{\label{I}INTRODUCTION} Magnetic skyrmions (MSk´s) are chiral spin textures with vortex configuration, the existence of which was predicted earlier \cite{Bog}, are of potential interest in the field of information storage, processing devices, and neuromorphic computing \cite{rev1,rev2,rev3,rev4}. As well known...
1,116,691,499,120
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{theorem}{0} \subsection{The Hodge--GUE conjecture} Let $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,k}$ denote the Deligne--Mumford moduli space of stable algebraic curves of genus $g$ with $k$ distinct marked points. Denote by $\mathcal{L}_i$ the $i^{th}$ tautological line bu...
1,116,691,499,121
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newcommand{\subsect}[1]{\subsection{#1}} \newcommand{\subsubsect}[1]{\subsubsection{#1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}} \newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition} \def\begin{equation}{\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}} \def\begin{eqnarray}{\begin{eqnarray}}...
1,116,691,499,122
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} It is well known that partial wave unitarity is a powerful tool to estimate the perturbative validity of effective field theories (EFTs). It has been used in the past to provide useful insights both in strong and electroweak interactions~\cite{Lee:1977yc} as well as in quantum g...
1,116,691,499,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In image analysis, ridges and valleys are curves along which the image is brighter or darker, respectively, than the local background \cite{eberly1994ridge}. Collectively, ridges and valleys are referred to as creases. Reliable detection and localization of creases in noisy images ...
1,116,691,499,124
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Winner-take-all-like (WTA-like) circuits constitute a ubiquitous motif of cortical microcircuits \cite{DouglasMartin:04}. Previous models and theories for competitive Hebbian learning in WTA-like circuit from \cite{RumelhartZisper:85} to \cite{nessler2013bayesian} were based on the assumption of...
1,116,691,499,125
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been shown that machine learning models are often vulnerable to adversarial manipulation of their input intended to cause incorrect classification \citep{dalvi2004adversarial}. In particular, neural networks and many other categories of machine learning models are highly vulnerable to at...
1,116,691,499,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The existence, stability and properties of nonlinear localized excitations (NLEs) in Hamiltonian lattices with discrete translational symmetry have been subjects of growing research interest (see e.g. \cite{st88},\cite{cp90},\cite{jbp90},\cite{st92} and references therein). NLEs can be viewed as...
1,116,691,499,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Understanding the impact of inter-particle repulsions in fermionic quantum systems remains one of the most challenging problems in physics. As was shown by Landau, electron-electron repulsions in a solid may often be treated by redefining excitations as quasiparticles. The resul...
1,116,691,499,128
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At least since Ap\'ery's proof of the irrationality of $\zeta(3)$ there has been a great deal of interest in identities such as \begin{equation}\label{1.1} \zeta(3) = \frac{5}{2}\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{\binom{2k}{k}k^3}. \end{equation} This identity was actually first obtained by Ma...
1,116,691,499,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Genetic evolution appears to be open-ended. Taking advantage of environmental regularities, gene expression and regulation can generate a potentially infinite number of traits and trait variations. Such evolutionary open-endedness has been characterized by a constellation of overlapping features...
1,116,691,499,130
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interest in magneto-elastic materials finds its motivation in the growing variety of new materials among which magneto-rheological elastomers or magneto-sensitive polymeric composites \cite{Hossain-et-al-2015a, Hossain-et-al-2015b} may be mentioned. A whole Special Issue devoted to {\it...
1,116,691,499,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The detection of forbidden emission lines in different samples of T Tauri stars has provided access to different physical conditions depending on their line-of-sight (LoS) velocity information. Line decomposition methods have led to the classification of different velocity components that origin...
1,116,691,499,132
arxiv
\section{Introduction \qquad} Nowadays, real-time systems are becoming more and more complex and are often critical. Generally, these systems consist of several tasks that are timely dependent, interacting and sharing one or more resources (e.g processors, memory). Consequently, the correctness proofs of such systems ...
1,116,691,499,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Modern hadron collider experiments such as HERA, RHIC and especially the forthcoming LHC operate at high enough energies to observe new phenomenon associated with high gluon density. The principal characteristics of high--energy QCD scattering are the following: firstly,...
1,116,691,499,134
arxiv
\subsection{Reverberation: from close-talk to far-field} \label{sec:rir} The far-field speech can be obtained by convolving the close-talk speech with room-impulse response filters: \vspace{-0.5em} \begin{equation} \label{eq:reverb} x_R(t) = x_S(t)\ast r(t) \end{equation} where $r$ is room impulse response, $x_S$ is ...
1,116,691,499,135
arxiv
\section{Basics} Generally quantum averages result from weighting observables with complex amplitudes rather than with positive probabilities. The technique colloquially referred to as Complex Langevin can in principle be used to replace this by a standard, statistical averaging over a suitably defined stochastic proce...
1,116,691,499,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cooperative scattering by large collections of resonant atoms has been studied extensively for many years adopting either a classical or a quantum description. Often a quantum formalism is more convenient to describe the atom-light interaction. For instance, superradiant emission can be obtained...
1,116,691,499,137
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The term ``dark matter'' was originally coined because of the need to explain the observed rotation curves of stars in galaxies and the peculiar velocities of galaxies within clusters. The~velocities of these large gravitational systems were measured to be incompatible with the...
1,116,691,499,138
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Structured proteins in their folded state possess a rich variety of three dimensional conformations ({\it tertiary structures}) which are usually classified in terms of the mutual arrangements of the so--called motifs and elements of the {\it secondary structure} \cite{tooze}. T...
1,116,691,499,139
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Carnatic music can be seen as a set of protocols coalesced with a musical scale, whose reference point is the fundamental frequency of the rendering vocalist/instrument. A musical scale, paired with it's unique set of protocols is called a \textit{r\=aga}. Due to the oral traditions of Carnatic m...
1,116,691,499,140
arxiv
\section{Brief introduction} A fascinating area of study within strong interactions at high energies is the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) approach. The key idea in this formalism is that, when the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} \to \infty$, terms of the form {$\alpha_s^n \log^n{\left(s\right)} \sim \alpha_s^n...
1,116,691,499,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} \indent The radial gauge (or Poincar\'e gauge) was introduced by Fock and Schwinger \cite{FS,Sch} in the context of quantum electrodynamics and often used in problems connected with QCD at the non perturbative level \cite{QCD}. The main feature of such a gauge is the possibility of expressing c...
1,116,691,499,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Omega$ be a convex and bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^{d}~(d\geq 1)$ with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega$ and $[0,T]$ is a fixed finite time interval. We consider the following integro-differential equation of Kirchhoff type involving fractional time derivative of order $\alpha ~(0<\alpha...
1,116,691,499,143
arxiv
\section{Problem Setting} In this article we seek a numerical algorithm that iteratively approximates the solution $w^*$ of the following strongly convex optimization problem: \begin{equation}\label{eq1.0} w^*=\arg \min_{\Gamma_f} f(.) \end{equation} \noindent where $f(.): \Gamma_f \rightarrow \mathcal{R}$ ...
1,116,691,499,144
arxiv
\section{\uppercase{Introduction}} \noindent Three-dimensional (3D) face modelling and 3D face reconstruction from monocular images have drawn increasing attention over the last few years. Especially with deep learning methods, 3D face reconstruction models are empowered to have more complexity and better feature ex...
1,116,691,499,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In two dimensional condensed matter physics, the search of non-Abelian Majorana fermions (MF) \cite{majorana}, which are their own antiparticles and may have potential important application in fault-tolerant topological quantum computation \cite{sarma}, attracts much recent attention to topologi...
1,116,691,499,146
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{MR1272539}, Andersen, Jantzen and Soergel introduced a combinatorial model to describe certain representations of the two following situations: \begin{enumerate} \item $U_p$ is the quantized enveloping algebra of a complex Lie algebra at a $p$-th root of unity, where $p>1$ is an odd inte...
1,116,691,499,147
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The collinear factorization framework allows us to calculate a number of hard exclusive amplitudes in terms of perturbatively calculable coefficient functions and nonperturbative hadronic matrix elements of light-cone operators. The prime example is the calculation of the deepl...
1,116,691,499,148
arxiv
\section{Introduction} How should we rotate two necklaces, each with $n$ beads at different locations, to best align the beads? More precisely, each necklace is represented by a set of $n$ points on the unit-circumference circle, and the goal is to find rotations of the necklaces, and a perfect matching between the b...
1,116,691,499,149
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} An ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collision produces strongly-interacting matter which rapidly thermalizes into a hot quark-gluon plasma (QGP)~\cite{Busza:2018rrf}. This plasma expands freely into the vacuum and eventually cools down into a gas of hadrons. Electron-positron and ...
1,116,691,499,150
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Problem Statement} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} advent of internet of things (IoT) era is making it possible to ``locate" and ``connect" anywhere because of the promotion of public wireless (e.g., low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) \cite{UPINLBS}, cellulars, wireless local ...
1,116,691,499,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For many security problems, researchers are relying on binary code analysis, as they need to inspect binary executable program files without access to any source code. This is often needed when analyzing commercial code that is protected by intellectual property and its source code is not availa...
1,116,691,499,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The response of a hadronic calorimeter to an incident pion or jet of energy $E$ can be written as \begin{equation} \hbox{hadronic response} = E [\,f_{em}+(1-f_{em}) (h/e) ] \label{eqn:hadresponse} \end{equation} % where a fraction $f_{em}$ is deposited in electromagnetic (EM) cascades, mostl...
1,116,691,499,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the recent advances in the fabrication of passive materials and metamaterials \cite{smith, pendry2004}, it seems plausible that novel classes of active materials may be developed. While the basic electromagnetic concepts, such as microscopic and relativistic causality, certainly apply to act...
1,116,691,499,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Waves in periodic media is a vast subject of great interest in numerous fields. Classical methods of averaging and mathematical homogenisation are useful in applications where the wavelength is large relative to the periodicity. There are many fields, however, where the r\'egime of interest conce...
1,116,691,499,155
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The famous Coulomb potential of electrodynamics is very important as an essential ingredient in any non-relativistic problem involving charged particles and consequently as being responsible for many phenomena in everyday life. It is thus no surprise that its analogue in chromodynamics has also b...
1,116,691,499,156
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nuclear shell model \cite{Mayer,MJ,Brussaard,Heyde,Talmi} is an appropriate tool for reproducing the observed magic numbers in atomic nuclei, which correspond to unusual stability of nuclei possessing these particular numbers of protons and/or neutrons. This model is based on the assumption...
1,116,691,499,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Among possible interacting superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in diverse dimensions, the six-dimensional (6d) theories are less well understood. It is expected that 6d $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ SCFTs involve tensionless strings and show very non-trivial physics. This non-trivial nature of the 6d...
1,116,691,499,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Euler-Poisson system is one of the simplest two-fluid models used to describe the dynamics of a plasma consisting of moving electrons and ions. In this model the heavy ions are assumed to be immobile and uniformly distributed in space, providing only a background of positive charge. ...
1,116,691,499,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A copula is mathematical concept which is often used to model the joint distribution of several random variables. The applications of copula models permeate a number of fields where of interest is also the dependence structure between the random variables considered, e.g....
1,116,691,499,160
arxiv
\section{\textbf{Supplemental Materials for ``Integer Quantum Magnon Hall Plateau-Plateau Transition in a Spin Ice Model''}} \section{two-dimensional spin ice model under strong out-of-plane field} A magnetic system considered consists of two inequivalent ferromagnetic `islands' of the order of 100 nm size~\cit...
1,116,691,499,161
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The sequence prediction problem is the task of predicting the next symbol, $x_n$ after observing $x_1 x_2 \cdots x_{n-1}$. Solomonoff induction \cite{Sol64a,Sol64b} solves this problem by taking inspiration from Occam's razor and Epicurus' principle of multiple explanations. These ideas are form...
1,116,691,499,162
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this note we study the quark correlations inside the nucleon - forming a diquark \cite{Jaffe} - in the context of elastic pion-proton scattering at low momentum transfer. The interest in this process is a consequence of Ref. \cite{bb2} where the elastic proton-proton scattering, assuming the...
1,116,691,499,163
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Typically, the most important goal of an agent in a reinforcement learning (RL) setting is to maximize the cumulative reward function over the long run, based on the immediate reward it receives at each timestep from the environment. Consequently, the reward is the main source of information for...
1,116,691,499,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} To accommodate the ever increasing traffic in wireless spectrum, FCC has legalized the unlicensed access of a part of the licensed spectrum band- which is known as {\em secondary access}. However, secondary access will only proliferate when it is rendered profitable to license holders (primaries)...
1,116,691,499,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation} Among experts in concurrency and category theory, Petri nets have always been informally regarded as presentations of free strict symmetric monoidal categories (FSSMCs). The intuition behind such claims is simple: Given a Petri net, we can use its set of places to generate the obj...
1,116,691,499,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In cryptographic protocols such as in key distribution and randomness expansion, it is often possible to guarantee that an adversary's knowledge about the secret $N$ held by honest players is bounded. The relevant quantity in many settings is the adversary's guessing probability...
1,116,691,499,167
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[t] \begin{center} \centering \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{./intro}\\ \caption{ Given an image and initial region labels obtained by the classifiers, we aim to improve the labels using constraints learned from the data. (a) shows a query image, (b) shows the hum...
1,116,691,499,168
arxiv
\section{Introduction and event selection} Charm mixing remains elusive. In the Standard Model the charm mixing rate is greatly suppressed by small CKM matrix elements and strong GIM suppression. This very fact, however, provides a unique opportunity to search for new physics. The search for charm mixing requires t...
1,116,691,499,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments at RHIC have found evidences for a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)~\cite{whitepapers1}\cite{whitepapers2}. The collective flow phenomena, the transport properties and other theoretical developments indicate that the new state of matt...
1,116,691,499,170
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Main Results} \subsection{Definitions} In this paper, we consider the \textbf{semi-random process} suggested by Peleg Michaeli and studied recently in \cite{beneliezer2019semirandom,beneliezer2020fast,gao2020hamilton} that can be viewed as a ``one player game''. The process starts from $G_0...
1,116,691,499,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This article is concerned with a major unsolved problem of QED, that of an exact formulation of the notion of gauge invariance, more especially the problem of an exact characterization of gauge transformations and their uses. Why are such seemingly disparate formulations as the Gupta-Bleuler (GB)...
1,116,691,499,172
arxiv
\section{Observation of squeezed light from one atom excited with two photons : Supplementary Information} \end{widetext} \section{Theory} In this section we develop the theoretical description of the squeezing process in our atom-cavity system and outline the derivation of the equations used to interpolate th...
1,116,691,499,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reconstruction of hadron spectral function from Euclidean correlation functions is a notoriously difficult problem. In lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) computations, which have so far been the only practical method to calculate non-perturbative quantities with errors under control, physical...
1,116,691,499,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A smooth complex hyperelliptic curve $C$ is a Riemann surface of genus $g>1$ that is a double covering of the Riemann sphere $\mathbb P^1$. Having such a map makes hyperelliptic curves distinguishable and more accessible in many aspects since, for example, they can be described by an equation of ...
1,116,691,499,175
arxiv
\section{Introduction and some previous results} A function $ f \colon X \to Y$ between topological spaces has the Baire property iff for each open set $V \subset Y$ the preimage $f^{-1}(V)$ has the Baire property in $X$ (i.e., is open modulo a meager set in $X$). According to a well-known theorem attributed to K. K...
1,116,691,499,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The comprehensive formulation for loop quantum cosmology (LQC) in the spatially flat-isotropic model has been constructed \cite{Ashtekar:2006uz,Ashtekar:2006rx}. With a massless scalar field serving as the \emph{emergent time}, the result shows that the quantum evolution is \emph{deterministic ac...
1,116,691,499,177
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The last decade has witnessed a growing interest in the physics of black holes in anti-de Sitter ($AdS$) backgrounds, motivated by the proposed correspondence relating $AdS$ spacetimes to conformal field theory defined on the boundary spacetime \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Witten:1998qj}, known as the ...
1,116,691,499,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The phenomenological (non-perturbative) pomeron has long been established as an effective Regge pole whose exchange governs high-energy diffractive hadron-hadron scattering \cite{dola}. The pomeron carries vacuum quantum numbers $C = P = +1$, and there is no {\it a priori} reason why a $C = P ...
1,116,691,499,179
arxiv
\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion} In this paper, we have proposed a framework that integrates low-light enhancement and fuses RGB and event modailies for effective monocular depth estimation under adverse night conditions. A synthetic night-time driving dataset that contains paired RGB, event and depth images ...
1,116,691,499,180
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multipion Bose-Einstein(BE) correlations has now aroused great interests among physicists~\cite{Re,LL,Za,Pr,CGZ,ZCG,ZC,CZ,Z1,Z2,Z3,SL,M1,M2,BK,Wo,FWW,BZ,Ur,conf,ZSH,AL}. Among others, Lam and Lo~\cite{LL} were the first to suggest BASER concept in high energy physics. Zajc~\cite{Za} was the...
1,116,691,499,181
arxiv
\section{Extending the derivation of normal equations for MLP to handle non-linear activation functions} In our preliminary version~\cite{Gao2020RLS-RTMDNet}, we have claimed and demonstrated that each layer of MLP in the case of squared-error loss function can be represented by the system of normal equations for RLS e...
1,116,691,499,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Accurate and efficient simulation of waves is important in many areas in science and engineering due to the ability of waves to carry information over large distances. This ability stems from the fact that waves do not change shape in free space. On the other hand when the background medium is ch...
1,116,691,499,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The task of Natural Language Inference (NLI) involves reasoning across a premise and hypothesis, determining the relationship between the two sentences. Either the hypothesis is implied by the premise (\textit{entailment}), the hypothesis contradicts the premise (\textit{contradiction}), or the ...
1,116,691,499,184
arxiv
\section{Baseline with and without projector}\label{sec:woprojector} \input{resource/table/rn50/Main_projector} Recall the \cref{ssec:feat}, our experiments on \cref{table:main} is produced on ResNet-18 with projector, to match the number of parameters among baseline. \cref{table:projector} is an expansion of \cref{...
1,116,691,499,185
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Despite the tendency of social actors to become more similar to each other through their local interactions \cite{Latane_81,Moscovici_85}, global polarization, i.e., the existence of stable multicultural regimes, is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human society \cite{Boyd_85,N...
1,116,691,499,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The measurements of the frequencies of p-mode oscillations provide an insight into the internal structure of stars and are nowadays the most powerful constraint to the theory of stellar evolution. The five-minute oscillations in the Sun have led to a wealth of information about the solar interior...
1,116,691,499,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several studies have estimated the total energy consumption of all Bitcoin miners, starting at least in 2014~\cite{odwyer14:_bitcoin_minin_energ_footprint,mccook14:_bitcoin}, with later followups, updates and extensions. To some extent, the topic attracted the interest of the media in 2018, with...
1,116,691,499,188
arxiv
\section{Approach} \label{sect:approach} In what follows, we denote with $\Probab{\cdot}$ and $\Pcond{\cdot}{\cdot}$ the observed marginal and conditional probability of an event, whose complement is denoted with the diacritical mark $\~\cdot$ (macron). \paragraph{\bfseries A probabilistic model of selective adva...
1,116,691,499,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Siegel~\cite{Siegel1929} proved that any equation $y^2=f(x)$ with irreducible polynomial $f\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$ of degree at least 3 has finitely many integral points. With the method of Baker~\cite{Baker1966,Baker1967a,Baker1967b}, it became possible to bound the solutions and perform an exhaust...
1,116,691,499,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Let $p,q$ be two fixed integers, and let $E=\{p^aq^b:(a,b)\in\mathbb{N}^2\}$ be endowed with the divisibility order, i.e., $x \succeq y \iff y \mid x$. A \mbox{$(p,q)$-ary chain}\ is a finite non-increasing sequence in $E$. For example, $(72, 12, 4, 4,1)$ is a $(2,3)$-...
1,116,691,499,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Intro} \z We present an outline of new methods for determining the position and the type of singularities of a certain kind of solutions of difference equations \cite{[CK5]} and use this information to perform Painlev\'e analysis on them. The approach relies on advances in exponential asym...
1,116,691,499,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modeling of chemical reaction systems is important for describing various systems in chemistry, physics, and biology~\cite{van1992stochastic,gardiner1985handbook,anderson2015stochastic}. When the number of molecules is large enough, fluctuations can be ignored, and deterministic rate equations...
1,116,691,499,193
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In network communication, latency is defined as the time elapsed between the transmission of a packet from the source and its recovery at the receiver. Ensuring reliable communication with low latency is the main challenge in designing next-generation communication systems. To this end, we focus ...
1,116,691,499,194
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Probability sampling is regarded as the gold-standard in survey statistics for finite population inference. Fundamentally, probability samples are selected under known sampling designs and therefore are representative of the target population. Because the selection probability is known, the subs...
1,116,691,499,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} Brownian motion takes a central place in modern probability theory and its applications, and is a basic building block for modeling many random phenomena. Brownian motion has intimate connections to analysis since its infinitesimal generator is Laplacian operator. Brownian motio...
1,116,691,499,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Rotation curve is the major tool to study the dynamics and structure of the Galaxy (Binney and Merrifield 1998; Sofue and Rubin 2001; Sofue et al. 2009). Once it is determined, the rotation curve is used to obtain the distribution of mass in the Galaxy, and map the interstellar matter from kin...
1,116,691,499,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Cosmic inflation~\cite{Starobinsky:1980te, Guth:1980zm, Linde:1981mu, Albrecht:1982wi, Linde:1983gd} is presently the most promising paradigm to describe the physical conditions that prevailed in the very early universe. It consists of two stages. First, there is a phase of a...
1,116,691,499,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological Sigma models and string theories were introduced and mainly developed by Edward Witten by the end of 1991 ~\cite{witten1,witten2,vafamir,vafarev}. Although the main motivation for their introduction was to find a way to describe topological invariants of certain manifolds by correlati...
1,116,691,499,199
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, $d \in \{2,3\}$, be a bounded polyhedral domain. Furthermore, we assume that $\Omega$ is convex if necessary. We consider the Poisson problem as follows. Find $u: \Omega \to \mathbb{R}$ such that \begin{align} \displaystyle - \varDelta u = f \quad ...
1,116,691,499,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Frequency multiplication is an important phenomenon of nonlinear oscillators from which one obtains high frequency outputs given low frequency inputs. It has a broad use in communication circuits~\cite{quievy1990,sanderford1998,kool1999,salvi1999,chien2000,chattopadhyay2004...
1,116,691,499,201
arxiv
\part{0} \pagerange{\pageref{firstpage}--\pageref{lastpage}} \doi{S0963548301004989} \begin{document} \label{firstpage} \maketitle \begin{abstract} We have developed an analytic model to describe coupling of plasma and neutral fluids in the partially ionized heliosphere plasma medium. The sources employed in our...
1,116,691,499,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent experimental realization of an attractive quasi-two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gas with widely tunable interactions \cite{Martiyanov:2010kt,Frohlich:2011bh,Dyke:2011ja,Sommer:2012bs}, the experimental observation of the critical properties \cite{Murthy:2015ix}, along with many Montec...
1,116,691,499,203
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, condensed matter physics has witnessed several remarkable discoveries that, starting from graphene\cite{novo}, have shown the existence of electron systems where the quasiparticles have linear dispersion about degenerate points at the intersection between valence and...
1,116,691,499,204
arxiv
\section{Derivation of $\lambda_{th}$} We present here the derivation of the many-body parametric driving threshold amplitude for $N$ resonators that are equally coupled to one another. For the prupose of this calculation, it suffices to consider $N$ coupled \emph{linear} resonators. The slow-flow equation describi...
1,116,691,499,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} In past few years, we have witnessed exponential growth of deep neural network (DNN) based image coding approaches. These neural network based image coding (a.k.a., NIC - neural image coding for short) methods~\cite{balle2016end,balle2018variational,li2018learning,minnen2018join...
1,116,691,499,206
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec: intro} Let ${\mathcal{F}_{g,n}}$ be the moduli space of $n$-pointed $K3$ surfaces of genus $g>2$, i.e., primitively polarized of degree $2g-2$. It is a quasi-projective variety of dimension $19+2n$ with a natural morphism ${\mathcal{F}_{g,n}}\to {\mathcal{F}_{g}}$ to the moduli spa...
1,116,691,499,207
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} High harmonic generation (HHG) is a highly non-linear process in which a laser field with a given fundamental frequency $\Omega$ generates ``overtones" in the emitted radiation, at multiples of the fundamental frequency.\cite{Corkum1993PRL, Lewenstein_1994, Krausz_2009,...
1,116,691,499,208
arxiv
\subsection{Leveraging Edited Video} \label{sec:benchmark} As a reminder, a shot is a continuous take from the same camera, and a cut occurs between a pair of shots (section \ref{sec:introduction}). We introduce a data source devised for the task of learning suitable video cuts from professionally edited movi...
1,116,691,499,209
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Main Results} \labell{main} In this paper we study Hamiltonian dynamics in a neighborhood of a nowhere coisotropic submanifold. As a starting point, we establish the following displacement principle: a closed nowhere coisotropic submanifold of a symplectic manifold is (infinitesimally) displa...
1,116,691,499,210
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the recent decades, $\gamma$-ray astrophysics has made great advances enabled by improvements in instrumentation in the high energy technologies. The most recent and most accurate $\gamma$-ray source catalog is the \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT) Second Source Catalog \citep[2FGL,]...
1,116,691,499,211
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In the frame of hierarchical formation theories, it is believed that the mass clustering develops due to the gravitational instability caused by the intrinsic, tiny Gaussian density perturbations that existed in the early universe (see, e.g., Frenk et al. 1996 for a review). Since the initial c...
1,116,691,499,212
arxiv
\section{Acknowledgment} I am indebted to Boris Kopeliovich, Irina Potashnikova and Ivan Schmidt, Universidad Federico Santa Mar\'ia, Valpara\'iso, Chile, and to Massimiliano Alvioli and Chiara Benedetta Mezzetti, INFN, Perugia, Italy, for a fruitful collaboration. \bibliographystyle{aipproc}
1,116,691,499,213
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Information: Accessing eigenstate spin-glass order from reduced density matrices} In this supplementary document we provide additional data and describe the required error analysis for the real time evolution using the time evolving block decimation algorithm. \section{Real time evolutio...
1,116,691,499,214
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{I}{nstance} segmentation lays a foundation in biomedical image analysis such as cell migration study~\cite{lienkamp2012vertebrate} and cell nuclei detection~\cite{gurcan2009histopathological}. It aims to not only group together pixels in different semantic...