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1,116,691,499,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quasar absorption systems have historically been divided largely into
three physically distinct categories: (i) absorption systems with
strong metal lines arising in or near intervening galaxies, (ii) weak
{\rm H}~{\sc i}\ systems in the Ly$\alpha$\ forest that come from the intergalactic
medium... |
1,116,691,499,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Review of the contents}
A well-established principle in the border area between algebraic topology and global analysis predicts that local geometric representations of primary topological invariants lead to
interesting secondary constructions \cite[Introduction]{bunke-2008}.
In the... |
1,116,691,499,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a given graph $F$, the Turan number $\ex(n,F)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph and containing no copy of $F$. The generalized Turan number was introduced in \cite{bollobas2008pentagons,erdos1962number} and was systematically studied by N. Alon, C. Shikhelman \cite{alon2... |
1,116,691,499,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article, we present a technique, based on a degeneration idea that Couveignes in \cite{Couv99} used in a slightly different context, to construct covers of elliptic curves with unique, totally ramified branch points. In particular, given an elliptic curve $E$ and an integer $g\ge 2$, we ... |
1,116,691,499,119 | arxiv | \section{\label{I}INTRODUCTION}
Magnetic skyrmions (MSk´s) are chiral spin textures with vortex configuration, the existence of which was predicted earlier \cite{Bog}, are of potential interest in the field of information storage, processing devices, and neuromorphic computing \cite{rev1,rev2,rev3,rev4}. As well known... |
1,116,691,499,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
\subsection{The Hodge--GUE conjecture}
Let $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,k}$ denote the Deligne--Mumford moduli space of stable algebraic curves of genus $g$ with
$k$ distinct marked points. Denote by $\mathcal{L}_i$ the $i^{th}$ tautological line bu... |
1,116,691,499,121 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newcommand{\subsect}[1]{\subsection{#1}}
\newcommand{\subsubsect}[1]{\subsubsection{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}
\def\begin{equation}{\begin{equation}}
\def\end{equation}{\end{equation}}
\def\begin{eqnarray}{\begin{eqnarray}}... |
1,116,691,499,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
It is well known that partial wave unitarity is a powerful tool to estimate the perturbative validity of effective field theories (EFTs). It has been used in the past to provide useful insights both in strong and electroweak interactions~\cite{Lee:1977yc} as well as in quantum g... |
1,116,691,499,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In image analysis, ridges and valleys are curves along which the image
is brighter or darker, respectively, than the local background
\cite{eberly1994ridge}. Collectively, ridges and valleys are referred
to as creases. Reliable detection and localization of creases in noisy
images ... |
1,116,691,499,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Winner-take-all-like (WTA-like) circuits constitute a ubiquitous motif of cortical microcircuits \cite{DouglasMartin:04}. Previous models and theories for competitive Hebbian learning in WTA-like circuit from \cite{RumelhartZisper:85} to \cite{nessler2013bayesian} were based on the assumption of... |
1,116,691,499,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been shown that machine learning models are often vulnerable to
adversarial manipulation of their input intended to cause
incorrect classification \citep{dalvi2004adversarial}.
In particular, neural networks and many other categories of machine
learning models are highly vulnerable to
at... |
1,116,691,499,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence, stability and properties of nonlinear localized
excitations (NLEs) in Hamiltonian lattices with discrete
translational symmetry have been subjects of growing
research interest (see e.g.
\cite{st88},\cite{cp90},\cite{jbp90},\cite{st92} and references therein).
NLEs can be viewed as... |
1,116,691,499,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Understanding the impact of inter-particle repulsions in fermionic quantum systems remains one of the most challenging problems in physics.
As was shown by Landau, electron-electron repulsions in a solid may often be treated by redefining excitations as quasiparticles. The resul... |
1,116,691,499,128 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At least since Ap\'ery's proof of the irrationality of $\zeta(3)$ there has
been a great deal of interest in identities such as
\begin{equation}\label{1.1}
\zeta(3) = \frac{5}{2}\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{\binom{2k}{k}k^3}.
\end{equation}
This identity was actually first obtained by Ma... |
1,116,691,499,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Genetic evolution appears to be open-ended. Taking advantage of environmental regularities, gene expression and regulation can generate a potentially infinite number of traits and trait variations. Such evolutionary open-endedness has been characterized by a constellation of overlapping features... |
1,116,691,499,130 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The interest in magneto-elastic materials finds its motivation in the growing
variety of new materials among which magneto-rheological elastomers or
magneto-sensitive polymeric composites \cite{Hossain-et-al-2015a, Hossain-et-al-2015b}
may be mentioned. A whole Special Issue devoted to {\it... |
1,116,691,499,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The detection of forbidden emission lines in different samples of T Tauri stars has provided access to different physical conditions depending on their line-of-sight (LoS) velocity information. Line decomposition methods have led to the classification of different velocity components that origin... |
1,116,691,499,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \qquad}
Nowadays, real-time systems are becoming more and more complex and are often
critical. Generally, these systems consist of several tasks that are timely
dependent, interacting and sharing one or more resources (e.g processors,
memory). Consequently, the correctness proofs of such systems ... |
1,116,691,499,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Modern hadron collider experiments such as HERA, RHIC and especially
the forthcoming LHC operate at high enough energies to observe new
phenomenon associated with high gluon density. The principal
characteristics of high--energy QCD scattering are the following:
firstly,... |
1,116,691,499,134 | arxiv | \subsection{Reverberation: from close-talk to far-field}
\label{sec:rir}
The far-field speech can be obtained by convolving the close-talk speech with room-impulse response filters:
\vspace{-0.5em}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:reverb}
x_R(t) = x_S(t)\ast r(t)
\end{equation}
where $r$ is room impulse response, $x_S$ is ... |
1,116,691,499,135 | arxiv | \section{Basics}
Generally quantum averages result from weighting observables with complex amplitudes rather than with positive
probabilities. The technique colloquially referred to as Complex Langevin can in principle be used to replace this by a standard, statistical averaging over a suitably defined stochastic proce... |
1,116,691,499,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cooperative scattering by large collections of resonant atoms has
been studied extensively for many years adopting either a
classical or a quantum description. Often a quantum formalism is
more convenient to describe the atom-light interaction. For
instance, superradiant emission can be obtained... |
1,116,691,499,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The term ``dark matter'' was originally coined because of the need to explain the observed rotation curves of stars in galaxies and the peculiar velocities
of galaxies within clusters. The~velocities of these large gravitational systems were measured to be incompatible with the... |
1,116,691,499,138 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Structured proteins in their folded state possess a rich variety
of three dimensional conformations ({\it tertiary structures})
which are usually classified in terms of the
mutual arrangements of the so--called motifs and
elements of the {\it secondary structure} \cite{tooze}.
T... |
1,116,691,499,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Carnatic music can be seen as a set of protocols coalesced with a musical scale, whose reference point is the fundamental frequency of the rendering vocalist/instrument. A musical scale, paired with it's unique set of protocols is called a \textit{r\=aga}. Due to the oral traditions of Carnatic m... |
1,116,691,499,140 | arxiv | \section{Brief introduction}
A fascinating area of study within strong interactions at high energies is the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) approach. The key idea in this formalism is that, when the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} \to \infty$, terms of the form {$\alpha_s^n
\log^n{\left(s\right)} \sim \alpha_s^n... |
1,116,691,499,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
\indent The radial gauge (or Poincar\'e gauge) was introduced by Fock and
Schwinger
\cite{FS,Sch} in the context
of quantum electrodynamics and often used in problems connected with QCD at
the non perturbative level \cite{QCD}. The main feature of such
a gauge is the possibility of expressing c... |
1,116,691,499,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Omega$ be a convex and bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^{d}~(d\geq 1)$ with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega$ and $[0,T]$ is a fixed finite time interval. We consider the following integro-differential equation of Kirchhoff type involving fractional time derivative of order $\alpha ~(0<\alpha... |
1,116,691,499,143 | arxiv | \section{Problem Setting}
In this article we seek a numerical algorithm that iteratively approximates the solution $w^*$ of the following strongly convex optimization problem:
\begin{equation}\label{eq1.0}
w^*=\arg \min_{\Gamma_f} f(.)
\end{equation}
\noindent where $f(.): \Gamma_f \rightarrow \mathcal{R}$ ... |
1,116,691,499,144 | arxiv |
\section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
\noindent Three-dimensional (3D) face modelling and 3D face reconstruction from monocular images have drawn increasing attention over the last few years. Especially with deep learning methods, 3D face reconstruction models are empowered to have more complexity and better feature ex... |
1,116,691,499,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In two dimensional condensed matter physics, the search of
non-Abelian Majorana fermions (MF) \cite{majorana}, which are their
own antiparticles and may have potential important application in
fault-tolerant topological quantum computation \cite{sarma},
attracts much recent attention to topologi... |
1,116,691,499,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{MR1272539}, Andersen, Jantzen and Soergel introduced a combinatorial model to describe certain representations of the two following situations:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $U_p$ is the quantized enveloping algebra of a complex Lie algebra at a $p$-th root of unity, where $p>1$ is an odd inte... |
1,116,691,499,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The collinear factorization framework allows us to calculate a number of hard exclusive amplitudes
in terms of perturbatively calculable coefficient functions and nonperturbative hadronic
matrix elements of light-cone operators. The prime example is the calculation of
the deepl... |
1,116,691,499,148 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
How should we rotate two necklaces, each with $n$ beads at different locations,
to best align the beads? More precisely, each necklace is represented
by a set of $n$ points on the unit-circumference circle,
and the goal is to find rotations of the necklaces,
and a perfect matching between the b... |
1,116,691,499,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
An ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collision produces strongly-interacting matter which rapidly thermalizes into a hot quark-gluon plasma (QGP)~\cite{Busza:2018rrf}.
This plasma expands freely into the vacuum and eventually cools down into a gas of hadrons.
Electron-positron and ... |
1,116,691,499,150 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Problem Statement}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} advent of internet of things (IoT) era is making it possible to ``locate" and ``connect" anywhere because of the promotion of public wireless (e.g., low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) \cite{UPINLBS}, cellulars, wireless local ... |
1,116,691,499,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For many security problems, researchers are relying on binary code analysis, as they need to inspect binary executable program files without access to any source code.
This is often needed when analyzing commercial code that is protected by intellectual property and its source code is not availa... |
1,116,691,499,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The response of a hadronic calorimeter to an incident pion or jet of energy $E$ can be written as
\begin{equation}
\hbox{hadronic response} = E [\,f_{em}+(1-f_{em}) (h/e) ]
\label{eqn:hadresponse}
\end{equation} %
where a fraction $f_{em}$ is deposited in electromagnetic (EM) cascades, mostl... |
1,116,691,499,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the recent advances in the fabrication of passive materials and metamaterials \cite{smith, pendry2004}, it seems plausible that novel classes of active materials may be developed. While the basic electromagnetic concepts, such as microscopic and relativistic causality, certainly apply to act... |
1,116,691,499,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Waves in periodic media is a vast subject of great interest in numerous fields. Classical methods of averaging and mathematical homogenisation are useful in applications where the wavelength is large relative to the periodicity. There are many fields, however, where the r\'egime of interest conce... |
1,116,691,499,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The famous Coulomb potential of electrodynamics is very important as
an essential ingredient in any non-relativistic problem involving
charged particles and consequently as being responsible for many
phenomena in everyday life. It is thus no surprise that its analogue
in chromodynamics has also b... |
1,116,691,499,156 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nuclear shell model \cite{Mayer,MJ,Brussaard,Heyde,Talmi} is an appropriate tool for reproducing the observed magic numbers in atomic nuclei, which correspond to unusual stability of nuclei possessing these particular numbers of protons and/or neutrons. This model is based on the assumption... |
1,116,691,499,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among possible interacting superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in diverse dimensions,
the six-dimensional (6d) theories are less well understood.
It is expected that 6d $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ SCFTs involve tensionless strings
and show very non-trivial physics.
This non-trivial nature of the 6d... |
1,116,691,499,158 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Euler-Poisson system is one of the simplest two-fluid models used to describe the
dynamics of a plasma consisting of moving electrons and ions. In this model the heavy ions
are assumed to be immobile and uniformly distributed in space, providing only a background of
positive charge. ... |
1,116,691,499,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A copula is mathematical concept which is often used to model the joint distribution of several random variables. The applications of copula models permeate a number of fields where of interest is also the dependence structure between the random variables considered, e.g.... |
1,116,691,499,160 | arxiv | \section{\textbf{Supplemental Materials for ``Integer Quantum Magnon Hall Plateau-Plateau Transition in
a Spin Ice Model''}}
\section{two-dimensional spin ice model under strong out-of-plane field}
A magnetic system considered consists of two inequivalent ferromagnetic `islands' of the order
of 100 nm size~\cit... |
1,116,691,499,161 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The sequence prediction problem is the task of predicting the next symbol, $x_n$ after observing $x_1 x_2 \cdots x_{n-1}$.
Solomonoff induction \cite{Sol64a,Sol64b} solves this problem by taking inspiration from Occam's razor and Epicurus' principle of multiple
explanations. These ideas are form... |
1,116,691,499,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this note we study the quark correlations inside the nucleon - forming a
diquark \cite{Jaffe} - in the context of elastic pion-proton scattering at low
momentum transfer.
The interest in this process is a consequence of Ref. \cite{bb2} where the
elastic proton-proton scattering, assuming the... |
1,116,691,499,163 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Typically, the most important goal of an agent in a reinforcement learning (RL) setting is to maximize the cumulative reward function over the long run, based on the immediate reward it receives at each timestep from the environment. Consequently, the reward is the main source of information for... |
1,116,691,499,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To accommodate the ever increasing traffic in wireless spectrum, FCC has legalized the unlicensed access of a part of the licensed spectrum band- which is known as {\em secondary access}. However, secondary access will only proliferate when it is rendered profitable to license holders (primaries)... |
1,116,691,499,165 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and motivation}
Among experts in concurrency and category theory, Petri nets have always been informally regarded as presentations of free strict symmetric monoidal categories (FSSMCs). The intuition behind such claims is simple: Given a Petri net, we can use its set of places to generate the obj... |
1,116,691,499,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In cryptographic protocols such as in key distribution and randomness expansion, it is often possible to guarantee that an adversary's knowledge about the secret $N$ held by honest players is bounded. The relevant quantity in many settings is the adversary's guessing probability... |
1,116,691,499,167 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{./intro}\\
\caption{ Given an image and initial region labels obtained by the classifiers, we aim to improve the labels using constraints learned from the data. (a) shows a query image, (b) shows the hum... |
1,116,691,499,168 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and event selection}
Charm mixing remains elusive. In the Standard Model the charm mixing rate
is greatly suppressed by small CKM matrix
elements and strong GIM suppression. This very fact, however, provides a unique opportunity
to search for new physics.
The search for charm mixing requires t... |
1,116,691,499,169 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments at RHIC have found
evidences for a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma
(QGP)~\cite{whitepapers1}\cite{whitepapers2}. The collective flow
phenomena, the transport properties and other theoretical
developments indicate that the new state of matt... |
1,116,691,499,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Main Results}
\subsection{Definitions}
In this paper, we consider the \textbf{semi-random process} suggested by Peleg Michaeli and studied recently in \cite{beneliezer2019semirandom,beneliezer2020fast,gao2020hamilton} that can be viewed as a ``one player game''. The process starts from $G_0... |
1,116,691,499,171 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This article is concerned with a major unsolved problem of QED,
that of an exact formulation of the notion of gauge invariance,
more especially the problem of an exact characterization of gauge
transformations and their uses. Why are such seemingly disparate
formulations as the Gupta-Bleuler (GB)... |
1,116,691,499,172 | arxiv | \section{Observation of squeezed light from one atom excited with two photons : Supplementary Information}
\end{widetext}
\section{Theory}
In this section we develop the theoretical description of the squeezing process in our atom-cavity system and outline the derivation of the equations used to interpolate th... |
1,116,691,499,173 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Reconstruction of hadron spectral function from Euclidean correlation
functions is a notoriously difficult problem.
In lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) computations, which have so
far been the only practical method to calculate non-perturbative
quantities with errors under control, physical... |
1,116,691,499,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A smooth complex hyperelliptic curve $C$ is a Riemann surface of genus $g>1$ that is a double covering of the Riemann sphere $\mathbb P^1$. Having such a map makes hyperelliptic curves distinguishable and more accessible in many aspects since, for example, they can be described by an equation of ... |
1,116,691,499,175 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and some previous results}
A function $ f \colon X \to Y$ between topological spaces has the Baire property iff for each open set $V \subset Y$ the preimage $f^{-1}(V)$ has the Baire property in $X$ (i.e., is open modulo a meager set in $X$). According to a well-known theorem attributed to K. K... |
1,116,691,499,176 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The comprehensive formulation for loop quantum cosmology (LQC) in the spatially flat-isotropic model has been constructed \cite{Ashtekar:2006uz,Ashtekar:2006rx}. With a massless scalar field serving as the \emph{emergent time}, the result shows that the quantum evolution is \emph{deterministic ac... |
1,116,691,499,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The last decade has witnessed a growing interest in the physics of black holes in anti-de Sitter ($AdS$) backgrounds, motivated by the proposed correspondence relating $AdS$ spacetimes to conformal field theory defined on the boundary spacetime \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Witten:1998qj}, known as the ... |
1,116,691,499,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The phenomenological (non-perturbative) pomeron has long been established
as an effective Regge pole whose exchange governs high-energy diffractive
hadron-hadron scattering \cite{dola}.
The pomeron carries vacuum quantum numbers
$C = P = +1$, and there is no {\it a priori} reason why a $C = P ... |
1,116,691,499,179 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we have proposed a framework that integrates low-light enhancement and fuses RGB and event modailies for effective monocular depth estimation under adverse night conditions. A synthetic night-time driving dataset that contains paired RGB, event and depth images ... |
1,116,691,499,180 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multipion Bose-Einstein(BE) correlations has now aroused
great interests among
physicists~\cite{Re,LL,Za,Pr,CGZ,ZCG,ZC,CZ,Z1,Z2,Z3,SL,M1,M2,BK,Wo,FWW,BZ,Ur,conf,ZSH,AL}.
Among others, Lam and Lo~\cite{LL} were
the first to suggest BASER concept in high energy physics.
Zajc~\cite{Za} was the... |
1,116,691,499,181 | arxiv | \section{Extending the derivation of normal equations for MLP to handle non-linear activation functions}
In our preliminary version~\cite{Gao2020RLS-RTMDNet}, we have claimed and demonstrated that each layer of MLP in the case of squared-error loss function can be represented by the system of normal equations for RLS e... |
1,116,691,499,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Accurate and efficient simulation of waves is important in many areas in science and engineering due to the ability of waves to carry information over large distances. This ability stems from the fact that waves do not change shape in free space. On the other hand when the background medium is ch... |
1,116,691,499,183 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The task of Natural Language Inference (NLI) involves reasoning across a premise and hypothesis, determining the relationship between the two sentences. Either the hypothesis is implied by the premise (\textit{entailment}), the hypothesis contradicts the premise (\textit{contradiction}), or the ... |
1,116,691,499,184 | arxiv |
\section{Baseline with and without projector}\label{sec:woprojector}
\input{resource/table/rn50/Main_projector}
Recall the \cref{ssec:feat}, our experiments on \cref{table:main} is produced on ResNet-18 with projector, to match the number of parameters among baseline.
\cref{table:projector} is an expansion of \cref{... |
1,116,691,499,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro}
Despite the tendency of social actors to become more similar
to each other through their local interactions \cite{Latane_81,Moscovici_85}, global polarization, i.e., the existence of
stable multicultural regimes, is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human society \cite{Boyd_85,N... |
1,116,691,499,186 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The measurements of the frequencies of p-mode
oscillations provide an insight into the internal structure of stars and are nowadays
the most powerful constraint to the theory of stellar evolution.
The five-minute oscillations in the Sun have led to a wealth of information
about the solar interior... |
1,116,691,499,187 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Several studies have estimated the total energy consumption of all Bitcoin miners, starting at least in 2014~\cite{odwyer14:_bitcoin_minin_energ_footprint,mccook14:_bitcoin}, with later followups, updates and extensions. To some extent, the topic attracted the interest of the media in 2018, with... |
1,116,691,499,188 | arxiv |
\section{Approach}
\label{sect:approach}
In what follows, we denote with $\Probab{\cdot}$ and
$\Pcond{\cdot}{\cdot}$ the observed marginal and conditional
probability of an event, whose complement is denoted with the
diacritical mark $\~\cdot$ (macron).
\paragraph{\bfseries A probabilistic model of selective adva... |
1,116,691,499,189 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Siegel~\cite{Siegel1929} proved that any equation $y^2=f(x)$ with irreducible polynomial $f\in\mathbb{Z}[x]$
of degree at least 3 has finitely many integral points. With the method of Baker~\cite{Baker1966,Baker1967a,Baker1967b}, it became possible to
bound the solutions and perform an exhaust... |
1,116,691,499,190 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Let $p,q$ be two fixed integers, and let $E=\{p^aq^b:(a,b)\in\mathbb{N}^2\}$ be endowed
with the divisibility order, i.e., $x \succeq y \iff y \mid x$. A \mbox{$(p,q)$-ary chain}\ is a
finite non-increasing sequence in $E$. For example, $(72, 12, 4, 4,1)$ is a
$(2,3)$-... |
1,116,691,499,191 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
\z We present an outline of new methods for determining the position and
the type of singularities of a certain kind of solutions of difference
equations \cite{[CK5]} and use this information to perform Painlev\'e
analysis on them. The approach relies on advances in exponential
asym... |
1,116,691,499,192 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modeling of chemical reaction systems is important for describing various systems in chemistry, physics, and biology~\cite{van1992stochastic,gardiner1985handbook,anderson2015stochastic}.
When the number of molecules is large enough, fluctuations can be ignored, and
deterministic rate equations... |
1,116,691,499,193 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In network communication, latency is defined as the time elapsed between the transmission of a packet from the source and its recovery at the receiver. Ensuring reliable communication with low latency is the main challenge in designing next-generation communication systems. To this end, we focus ... |
1,116,691,499,194 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Probability sampling is regarded as the gold-standard in survey statistics
for finite population inference. Fundamentally, probability samples
are selected under known sampling designs and therefore are representative
of the target population. Because the selection probability is known,
the subs... |
1,116,691,499,195 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Brownian motion takes a central place in modern probability theory and its applications,
and is a basic building block
for modeling many random phenomena. Brownian motion has intimate
connections to analysis since its infinitesimal generator
is Laplacian operator. Brownian motio... |
1,116,691,499,196 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rotation curve is the major tool to study the dynamics and structure of the Galaxy (Binney and Merrifield 1998; Sofue and Rubin 2001; Sofue et al. 2009). Once it is determined, the rotation curve is used to obtain the distribution of mass in the Galaxy, and map the interstellar matter from kin... |
1,116,691,499,197 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Cosmic inflation~\cite{Starobinsky:1980te, Guth:1980zm, Linde:1981mu,
Albrecht:1982wi, Linde:1983gd} is presently the most promising
paradigm to describe the physical conditions that prevailed in the
very early universe. It consists of two stages. First, there is a
phase of a... |
1,116,691,499,198 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological Sigma models and string theories were introduced and mainly developed by Edward Witten by the end of 1991 ~\cite{witten1,witten2,vafamir,vafarev}. Although the main motivation for their introduction was to find a way to describe topological invariants of certain manifolds by correlati... |
1,116,691,499,199 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, $d \in \{2,3\}$, be a bounded polyhedral domain. Furthermore, we assume that $\Omega$ is convex if necessary. We consider the Poisson problem as follows. Find $u: \Omega \to \mathbb{R}$ such that
\begin{align}
\displaystyle
- \varDelta u = f \quad ... |
1,116,691,499,200 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Frequency multiplication is an important phenomenon of nonlinear oscillators from which one obtains high frequency outputs given low frequency inputs. It has a broad use in communication circuits~\cite{quievy1990,sanderford1998,kool1999,salvi1999,chien2000,chattopadhyay2004... |
1,116,691,499,201 | arxiv | \part{0}
\pagerange{\pageref{firstpage}--\pageref{lastpage}}
\doi{S0963548301004989}
\begin{document}
\label{firstpage}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
We have developed an analytic model to describe coupling of plasma and
neutral fluids in the partially ionized heliosphere plasma
medium. The sources employed in our... |
1,116,691,499,202 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent experimental realization of an attractive quasi-two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gas with widely tunable interactions \cite{Martiyanov:2010kt,Frohlich:2011bh,Dyke:2011ja,Sommer:2012bs}, the experimental observation of the critical properties \cite{Murthy:2015ix}, along with many Montec... |
1,116,691,499,203 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, condensed matter physics has witnessed several remarkable
discoveries that, starting from graphene\cite{novo}, have shown the existence
of electron systems where the quasiparticles have linear dispersion about
degenerate points at the intersection between valence and... |
1,116,691,499,204 | arxiv | \section{Derivation of $\lambda_{th}$}
We present here the derivation of the many-body parametric driving threshold amplitude for $N$ resonators that are equally coupled to one another. For the prupose of this calculation, it suffices to consider $N$ coupled \emph{linear} resonators.
The slow-flow equation describi... |
1,116,691,499,205 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In past few years, we have witnessed exponential growth of deep neural network (DNN) based image coding approaches. These neural network based image coding (a.k.a., NIC - neural image coding for short) methods~\cite{balle2016end,balle2018variational,li2018learning,minnen2018join... |
1,116,691,499,206 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec: intro}
Let ${\mathcal{F}_{g,n}}$ be the moduli space of $n$-pointed $K3$ surfaces of genus $g>2$, i.e.,
primitively polarized of degree $2g-2$.
It is a quasi-projective variety of dimension $19+2n$ with a natural morphism ${\mathcal{F}_{g,n}}\to {\mathcal{F}_{g}}$
to the moduli spa... |
1,116,691,499,207 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
High harmonic generation (HHG) is a highly non-linear process in which a laser field with a given fundamental frequency $\Omega$ generates ``overtones" in the emitted radiation, at multiples of the fundamental frequency.\cite{Corkum1993PRL, Lewenstein_1994, Krausz_2009,... |
1,116,691,499,208 | arxiv |
\subsection{Leveraging Edited Video}
\label{sec:benchmark}
As a reminder, a shot is a continuous take from the same camera, and a cut occurs between a pair of shots (section \ref{sec:introduction}). We introduce a data source devised for the task of learning suitable video cuts from professionally edited movi... |
1,116,691,499,209 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Main Results}
\labell{main}
In this paper we study Hamiltonian dynamics in a neighborhood of a
nowhere coisotropic submanifold. As a starting point, we establish the
following displacement principle: a closed nowhere coisotropic
submanifold of a symplectic manifold is (infinitesimally) displa... |
1,116,691,499,210 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the recent decades, $\gamma$-ray astrophysics has made great advances enabled by improvements in instrumentation in the high energy technologies. The most recent and most accurate $\gamma$-ray source catalog is the \textit{Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT) Second Source Catalog \citep[2FGL,]... |
1,116,691,499,211 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In the frame of hierarchical formation theories, it is believed
that the mass clustering develops due to the gravitational instability
caused by the intrinsic, tiny Gaussian density perturbations that existed in the early
universe (see, e.g., Frenk et al. 1996 for a review). Since the
initial c... |
1,116,691,499,212 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgment}
I am indebted to Boris Kopeliovich, Irina
Potashnikova and Ivan Schmidt,
Universidad Federico Santa Mar\'ia, Valpara\'iso, Chile, and to Massimiliano Alvioli
and Chiara
Benedetta Mezzetti, INFN, Perugia, Italy, for a fruitful collaboration.
\bibliographystyle{aipproc}
|
1,116,691,499,213 | arxiv | \section*{Supplementary Information: Accessing eigenstate spin-glass order from reduced density matrices}
In this supplementary document we provide additional data and describe the required error analysis for the real time evolution using the time
evolving block decimation algorithm.
\section{Real time evolutio... |
1,116,691,499,214 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{nstance} segmentation lays a foundation in biomedical image analysis such as cell migration study~\cite{lienkamp2012vertebrate} and cell nuclei detection~\cite{gurcan2009histopathological}.
It aims to not only group together pixels in different semantic... |
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