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1,116,691,498,915
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observation that ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs, defined as those with infrared luminosities greater than $10^{12}$ $ L_{\odot}$) show a mixture of two distinct types of nuclear activities, namely starbursts and active galactic nuclei (AGN), has led to many observational studies o...
1,116,691,498,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Dynamical processes in accretion discs of young stellar objects has recently gained much attention. Among them are short-lived episodes of high-rate accretion of FU-Orionis-type stars (FUors). While there exist many theoretical models that can explain FUors (see e.g. a review...
1,116,691,498,917
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gel$^\prime$fand and Dikii gave a bosonic formal variational calculus in \cite{GD1,GD2} and Xu gave a fermionic formal variational calculus in \cite{Xu1}. Combining the bosonic theory of Gel$^\prime$fand-Dikii and the fermionic theory, Xu gave in \cite{Xu2} a formal variational calculus of ...
1,116,691,498,918
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discourse structure of a natural language text has been analyzed and conceptualized under various frameworks \cite{mann1988rhetorical,lascarides2007segmented,Prasad:2008ww}. The Penn Discourse TreeBank (PDTB) and the Chinese Discourse Treebank (CDTB), currently the largest corpora annotated w...
1,116,691,498,919
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Evidence for the incidence of nonextensive dynamical properties at critical attractors in low dimensional nonlinear maps has accumulated and advanced over the last few years; specially with regards to the onset of chaos in logistic maps - the Feigenbaum attractor \cite{tsallis2,robmori1}, and at...
1,116,691,498,920
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} We start with a history of the subject. Let $G$ be a reductive group and $\Gamma$ be a finitely-generated ideal of (dominant) weights of $G$. The coordinate algebra $K[G]$ of $G$ can be regarded as a left $G$-module via left and right regular representations $\rho_l$ and $\rho_r$ respectively (...
1,116,691,498,921
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The use of Deep Learning (DL) has seen a resurgence in its application to geophysical problems over the past decade. Last century's investigations into the potential benefits of DL methodologies were hampered by technological limitations \cite{dean2018}. Nowadays, access to reasonably powerful co...
1,116,691,498,922
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study ``parabolic'' Deligne-Lusztig varieties, one of the main motivations being the Brou\'e conjecture on blocks with abelian defect groups for finite reductive groups. Let $\bG$ be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraic closure $\Fpbar$ of the prime fi...
1,116,691,498,923
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{int} In decades the connection between galaxy evolution and the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) has been one of the main topics in extragalactic research. The tight correlation of black hole mass, $M_{\rm BH}$, with galaxy properties, e.g., stellar velocity dispersion, $\sigma_{*...
1,116,691,498,924
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{table*}[t] \centering \begin{tabular}{c} \includegraphics[width = 14cm]{./images/in.png} \\ \includegraphics[width = 14cm]{./images/dae_rec.png}\\ \includegraphics[width = 14cm]{./images/arae_rec.png} \end{tabular} \captionof{figure}{Unlike \ac{dae}, \ac{arae} that is trained on the norma...
1,116,691,498,925
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Several recent works (e.g. \cite{CGRS,CGRS2,KIMRN,KuanQRWQG,KuanJPhysA}), motivated by mathematical physics, have used explicit central elements of various quantum groups. For the applications in those paper, the central elements need to be explicitly written in terms of the generators of the q...
1,116,691,498,926
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With evidence of supermassive black holes (SMBH) lurking at the center of nearly all galaxies \citep{Richstone98}, it is pertinent to examine and understand their properties as well as their impacts. Studies have shown a critical relation between SMBHs and their host galaxies in the form of the $...
1,116,691,498,927
arxiv
\section{Approach} Densely connected models were previously considered by~\cite{KrahenbuhlNIPS2011,VineetBMVC2012,VineetECCV2012,KrahenbuhlICML2013} and shown to yield impressive results for the image segmentation task. Learning the parameters of densely connected models was considered by Kr\"{a}henb\"{u}hl and Koltun...
1,116,691,498,928
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The advent of quantum mechanics has opened a probabilistic view on fundamental physics. It has come, however, with new concepts and rules as wave functions, non-commuting operators and the rules to associate these quantities to observations. The unusual probabilistic feat...
1,116,691,498,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Bohr's complementarity principle was introduced as a qualitative statement about quantum systems, or quantons \cite{Leblond}, which have properties that are equally real, but mutually exclusive \cite{Bohr}. This principle, together with the uncertainty principle, is at the origin of Quantum Mecha...
1,116,691,498,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbb{P}^6$ be the projective space over ${\mathbb Q}$ with homogeneous coordinates $a_1$, $a_2$, $a_3$, $b_1$, $b_2$, $b_3$, $c$; let $\bar S$ be the surface in $\mathbb{P}^6$ defined by \begin{equation} \label{esse} \left\{ \begin{array}{rrrrrrl} & a_1^2 &+& b_1^2 && = & ...
1,116,691,498,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Skyrme model, a nonlinear classical field theory of pions, was introduced in the early 1960s as a tentative description of the strongly interacting elementary particles \cite{skyrme}. The model provides a low energy effective theory of quantum chromodynamics (becoming exact as the number of...
1,116,691,498,932
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Whether the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite galaxies are undergoing tidal disruption remains a controversial question. Such tidal disruption would naturally lead to extended populations of stars that have been stripped from the satellite core. That {\it most} of the Milky Way (MW)...
1,116,691,498,933
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} \hspace*{\parindent} In this paper, we consider a uniform, infinite universe with a spherical hole. Ultimately, we intend to develop a new cosmological model for an expanding universe in which holes are the dominant feature. Geller and Huchra \cite[p. 900]{gandh} also indicate the ...
1,116,691,498,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The production of lepton pairs in proton-proton collisions is dominated by the Drell--Yan (DY) process i.e. the production of an intermediate $\gamma^*/$Z boson by the incoming partons. Measurements of the cross sections as a function of the mass of the intermediate boson (hereafter referred to ...
1,116,691,498,935
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The multi-armed bandit problem is a popular framework to formalize sequential decision making problems. It was first introduced in the context of medical trials \citep{thompson1933likelihood,thompson1935criterion} and later formalized by \citet{ro52}: A bandit is specified by a set of unknow...
1,116,691,498,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The formation of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and its transition to interacting hadronic matter -- as occurred in the early universe -- has motivated a large community for several decades (cf.\ \cite{QM01} and Refs.\ therein). Early concepts of the QGP were guided by the idea of a weakly interactin...
1,116,691,498,937
arxiv
\section{Introduction to O$f$DM} In this section, we explain a prescription to introduce O$f$DM in a theory. Moreover, we argue why O$f$DM is a viable DM candidate. Let us consider a very simplified version of the universe that matter is made of a single massless scalar field $\phi_0$ \begin{equation} \mathcal{L}_M = ...
1,116,691,498,938
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider a mean field game with common noise in which the diffusion coefficients may be controlled. Mean field games have been introduced by Lasry \& Lions \cite{lasry_lions_2007}, and Huang, Malhamé \& Caines \cite{huang_malhame_caines}, and generated a very extended literatur...
1,116,691,498,939
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The way in which ice forms is important in a variety of fields,\cite{Hagen1981, *Toner1990, *Oxtoby1992, *Karlsson1993, *Baker1997, *Sassen2000, *Debenedetti2003, *Zachariassen2004, *Benz2005, *Hegg2009, *Spichtinger2010, *JohnMorris2011, *Murray2011, *Khvorostyanov2012, *BartelsRausch2012, Murr...
1,116,691,498,940
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \blfootnote{\noindent $^\spadesuit$ Work done during an internship at Amazon AI.} The prevalence of unintended social biases in NLP models has been recently identified as a major concern for the field. A number of papers have published evidence of uneven treatment of different demographics \ci...
1,116,691,498,941
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Asymptotic symmetries in gauge and gravitational theories have seen a resurgence of interest in recent years, both for studying the structure of cosmological observables and for investigating the formal structure of scattering amplitudes in field theory and gravity. Asymptotic symmetries are res...
1,116,691,498,942
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and Perspective} \label{sec:conclusion} Executing rules or queries on large data models is still an open challenge in the modelling community, especially when executed on limited hardware. Solutions proposed so far, mostly rely on loading the full model and all rules in memory or push the proble...
1,116,691,498,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Nowadays, many mobile robots get awareness of their workspaces using RGB-D cameras~\cite{jing2017comparison,raul2017ijrr}. These compact and affordable sensors provide per-pixel depth measurements along with colour information at high frame rates, simplifying a variety...
1,116,691,498,944
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The oscillation of the proteins MinD and MinE from pole to pole of individual cells of the bacterium {\it Escherichia coli} is used to localize cellular division to midcell \cite{reviews}. One cycle of the oscillation, lasting approximately one minute, starts with ATP-associated MinD binding to t...
1,116,691,498,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction, phenomena and results} The aim of this extended abstract is to uncover the nature of fluctuations around almost surely oscillating sequences of random variables as they arise in a number of random combinatorial structures, most commonly in random trees. We develop an analysis for the composition...
1,116,691,498,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results} The Cauchy problem for the cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation on the line \begin{equation}\label{101} iu_t + u_{xx} + |u|^2 u = 0, \hspace{2cm} u(0,x)=u_0(x) ,\,\,\,x\in \mathbb R \end{equation} is known to be globally well-posed for data in the classical Sobolev spaces $H^s...
1,116,691,498,947
arxiv
\section{#1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \usepackage{epsfig} \begin{document} \begin{titlepage} \rightline{DAMTP-2005-94} \rightline{\tt{hep-th/0510115}} \bigskip \begin{center} \baselineskip=16pt {\Large\bf Dilat...
1,116,691,498,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Multi-block nonconvex optimization with nonsmooth regularization functions has recently found important applications in statistics, computer vision, machine learning, and image processing. In this paper, we aim to solve a class of {\it constrained}\/ nonconvex and nonsmoot...
1,116,691,498,949
arxiv
\section{Supporting Information} \section{Acknowledgments} The support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Project GA501/14-1, the Volkswagen Stiftung Program (97738), the IRAP program of the Foundation for Polish Science (grant MAB/2018/9, project CENTERA) is gratefully ack...
1,116,691,498,950
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation has received considerable attention in the past few years since its introduction in~\cite{Hadani2017orthogonal}, thanks to its capability of enabling highly reliable communication over high-mobility channels~\cite{Zhiqiang_magzine}. The most impor...
1,116,691,498,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The comparison of detailed Galactic chemical evolution models, GCE models, with accurate abundance determinations of stars and gaseous nebulae provides a powerful tool to test the chemical evolution models and the accuracy of observational abundance determinations of stars of d...
1,116,691,498,952
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The age distribution of elliptical galaxies is a controversial issue central to testing hierarchical models of galaxy formation. The traditional viewpoint (Baade 1957, Sandage 1986) interprets the low specific angular momentum and high central densities of elliptical galaxies with their dissipat...
1,116,691,498,953
arxiv
\section{<A section>} \begin{theacknowledgments} The author would like to express his sincere thanks to Professor Masataka Fukugita for stimulating discussions, fruitful collaboration and a careful reading of this manuscript. This work is supported in part by the Grant in Aid from the Ministry of Education and JSP...
1,116,691,498,954
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:1}Introduction} The problems of the internal structure of black holes are a real great challenge and has been the subject of very active analytical and numerical researches during the last decades \cite{Goldwirth87, Poisson90, Ori91, Ori92, Gnedin93, Bonanno94, Brady95, Droz96, Burko97b, Burko97c...
1,116,691,498,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we construct a string-type bracket on the $S^1$-equivariant reduced homology of the loop space of a simply-connected closed manifold $M$ with a puncture. In fact, we only need $M$ to be a rational Poincar\'e duality space of dimension $n$; removing a point corresponds to passing to...
1,116,691,498,956
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measurements of the pion, kaon and eta meson masses and their interactions in finite nuclei provide new constraints on our understanding of dynamical symmetry breaking in low energy QCD \cite{kienle}. The $\eta$-nucleon interaction is attractive suggesting that $\eta$-mesons may form strong-i...
1,116,691,498,957
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} This paper is the result of an attempt to obtain the interleaving guarantee for the sparse \v Cech complex of Cavanna, Jahanseir and Sheehy \cite{SRGeom} without using the Nerve Theorem. The rationale for this was to generalize the result to arbitrary metric spaces. We have no...
1,116,691,498,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:intro} The bottom-quark production in hadron-hadron collisions is an important test of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations. Because of its large mass, $m_b \gg \Lambda_{QCD}$, the $b$-quark production cross section can be reliably calculated by including next-to...
1,116,691,498,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, the relation between BMS symmetry and Newman-Penrose charges at null infinity of asymptotically flat spacetime has been made explicit in linear and non-linear gravity~\cite{conde, fakenews}, as well as electromagnetism~\cite{Campiglia:2018dyi}. While BMS charges are strictly defined at...
1,116,691,498,960
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} The superconducting transmon qubit \cite{koch_transmon} has become a workhorse in the field of quantum computation and is the fundamental building block in some of the most sophisticated quantum computation systems built to date \cite{jurcevic2020demonstration,aleiner2020accurat...
1,116,691,498,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmic strings may have formed at a phase transition in the early universe \cite{Tom,Review}. Information about the initial statistics of a string network, after the point at which thermal fluctuations become unimportant and the strings are `frozen in', has largely emerged from the numerical simu...
1,116,691,498,962
arxiv
\section{Some Notation}\label{sec:note} \note{ The following come from the ``physics'' package except the inner-product~\\ ~\\ $\ip{{\bm{a}}}{{\bm{b}}}, \abs{c}, \norm{{\bm{d}}}, \pdv{L}{{\bm{w}}}, \pdv[2]{L}{{\bm{w}}}, \dv{W}{t}, \dd{x}, \rank ({\bm{M}}),\tr({\bm{A}}),\Tr ({\bm{B}}), \var{W}$ ~\\ ~\\ $\mathop{\m...
1,116,691,498,963
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Heisenberg's uncertainty relation is one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. This principle only meets the quantum effects of matters, and it does not directly describe the quantum fluctuations of spacetimes. However, many efforts have shown that Heisenberg's principle may suffer...
1,116,691,498,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \enlargethispage*{4mm} \label{intro} Network virtualisation and programmable networks are nowadays quite common in the commercial clouds and telecommunication deployments and have also been deployed by some of the Research and Education (R\&E) network providers to manage Wide-Area Networks (WAN)...
1,116,691,498,965
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Low-mass dwarf galaxies are dark matter-dominated systems thought to play an important role in the hierarchical formation of galactic halos. The search for the most extreme examples of these systems in the vicinity of the Milky Way has been transformed by the systematic mapping...
1,116,691,498,966
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the advent of large acceptance detectors it became possible to observe not one but tens or even hundreds of particles produced in a single collision of relativistic nuclei. Such a multi-particle state constitutes an {\em event} corresponding to a single high-energy collision. Event-by-ev...
1,116,691,498,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Eulerian--Lagrangian (EL) methods, in which particles are tracked individually and the fluid is solved on an Eulerian grid, have gained considerable traction for modeling particle-laden flows due to a balance between speed and resolution \citep{cundall_discrete_1979,tsuji_discrete_1993,van_der_h...
1,116,691,498,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} This paper contains a collection of observational data on hierarchical multiple stars and updates the Multiple Star Catalog, MSC \citep{MSC}. The usefulness of such compilation is supported by 210 citations to the original paper. Hierarchical stellar systems are in...
1,116,691,498,969
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The terahertz (THz) frequency regime is situated between the infrared and the microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, with frequencies spanning from 0.1 THz to 30 THz\cite{miles2001terahertz}. THz frequency radiation has many important applications. For example, many promising material...
1,116,691,498,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The simulation of Gaussian random fields with specified covariance is a fundamental task in computational statistics with a wide range of applications -- see, for example, \cite{DN97,WC94,GSPSJ06}. Since these fields provide natural tools for spatial modeling under uncertainty, they ...
1,116,691,498,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measuring accurate masses, radii, and luminosities, for low and very low-mass stars has always been observationally challenging. Precise individual masses and radii can be measured through combined photometric and spectroscopic observations of double-lined eclipsing binaries, but to date onl...
1,116,691,498,972
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are many instances in which physical systems spontaneously become emergent or orderly \cite{Strogatz,Murray,Prigogine}. Even more spectacular is the order created by chemical systems; the most dramatic being the order associated with life. However, not all chemical reactions generate order....
1,116,691,498,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the increasing accessibility of mixed reality devices and consumer-level 3D printers, recent technology enables us to experience a more immersive virtual world as well as fabricate personalized digital models. The immersion in virtual reality (VR) and the interactions with personalized 3D...
1,116,691,498,974
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent studies pertaining to optical lattices, there has been a surge of interest in the investigation of photonic spectrum with flat band \cite{Flach:Leykam:14,Longi:14,Maimis:15,G:Malomed:16,Daniel,Leykam1}. In \cite{Mukherjee:15,Mukherjee:Spracklen:15a} the effect of flat band was investiga...
1,116,691,498,975
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems has improved a lot in the recent years mostly due to the advances in deep learning~\cite{Hinton}. However, far-field ASR, with its applications such as virtual assistants, is still challenging under reverberant and no...
1,116,691,498,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Recent studies showed that the global demand for video streaming applications is growing rapidly \cite{cisco16}. Video data already constitutes more than $50\%$ of the total internet traffic, where a major part of this traffic is used for mobile streaming applications on portab...
1,116,691,498,977
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Homogeneous Riemannian manifolds were characterized in terms of homogeneous structures by Ambrose and Singer \cite{AS} (see also \cite{TV}). Gadea and Oubi\~na \cite{GO} introduced {\em homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian structures}, to give a corresponding characterization of reductive homogeneous p...
1,116,691,498,978
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations and modeling of molecules are relevant in order to obtain a chemical inventory in space and to derive physical conditions in astrophysical environments. For example, the HEXOS program, a Herschel/HIFI key program \citep{Bergin2010}, revealed the chemical inventory of the Orion an...
1,116,691,498,979
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a bounded domain $\Omega$ in $\R^N$, a classical theorem of Rockafellar \cite{Ph} yields that a single-valued map $u$ from $\Omega$ to $\R^n$ is {\it cyclically monotone}, i.e., for any finite number of points $(x_i)_{i=0}^n$ in $\Omega$ with $x_0=x_n$, we have \begin{equation} \hbox{...
1,116,691,498,980
arxiv
\subsection{History of the Universe and Cosmology} \begin{itemize} \item Is the Hubble constant measured with low redshift probes different from the value inferred with $\Lambda$CDM normalized to the cosmic microwave background data? \item Is the Hubble tension a footprint o...
1,116,691,498,981
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There are two types of coherent radiation at colliders --- beamstrahlung (BS) and coherent bremsstrahlung (CBS). Beamstrahlung takes place on colliders with long bunches when the deflection angle of a radiating particle $\theta_d$ with Lorentz factor $\gamma_e$ is much larger than the typical ra...
1,116,691,498,982
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} Cosmological simulations are the most general tool for theoretical studies of galaxy formation. Significant progress is continuously being made on their physical fidelity, numerical accuracy and computing power, and as a result, also on their realism. However, several factors hi...
1,116,691,498,983
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The goal of this note is the announcement of the results in \cite{GGP13} and their extension to smooth anisotropic total variation energies. Furthermore, we give a slightly different exposition of the technically demanding proof of the comparison theorem. In an arbitrary dimension $n\geq 1$ we...
1,116,691,498,984
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we present a framework for a Planck-scale, cosmological, background-independent theory which is holographic in a sense appropriate to a quantum spacetime. This is motivated by the fact that the formulations of the holographic principle given to date\cite{thooft-holo}-\cite{ot...
1,116,691,498,985
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:concl} We have described and measured the memory topology of two different high-end machines using Intel and AMD processors. These measurements demonstrate that NUMA effects exist and require engineering beyond that normally employed to achieve good locality and cache use. Further...
1,116,691,498,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The convenience of wireless networks in supporting mobility and ease of deployment has made them extremely popular. These networks convey data in the order of a couple of exabytes per month, and in the next five years, this number is expected to grow at least one order of magnitude...
1,116,691,498,987
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As additional options of e$^+$e$^-$ linear colliders, feasibility studies for e$^-$e$^-$ , e$^-\gamma$~ and $\gamma \gamma$~ colliders have become active in recent years. For linear colliders, detailed knowledge of beam-beam interaction is important to estimate backgrounds in the detecto...
1,116,691,498,988
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problem of quasi-local mass in general relativity is the problem of determining a reasonable notion of mass associated to a closed spacelike $2$-surface. Over the years, there have been many candidates for a suitable quasi-local mass, and while each of them has physical motivations, they do...
1,116,691,498,989
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This note concerns how Solyanik estimates may be used to establish local H\"older continuity estimates for the Tauberian functions associated to the Hardy-Littlewood and strong maximal operators in the context of Muckenhoupt weights. In \cite{hp14b}, Hagelstein and Parissis used Solyanik estim...
1,116,691,498,990
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} magnetoelectric (ME) effect has raised great interest in the recent years because of its potential use in smart electronic application~\cite{scott2012, zhang2016, he2014, abderrahmane2012}. Beside the research for intrinsinc magnetoelectric alloys, relevant advances have been...
1,116,691,498,991
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Relativity and quantum mechanics underlie much of modern fundamental physics. While both are highly successfully in their own regimes, serious problems arise combining the two. The Standard Model excellently describes three of the fundamental forces, while gravity is left as the black sheep, only...
1,116,691,498,992
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Classification of $\SL(n,{\bf{R}})$-actions} \label{subsec:intro.classification} Any smooth---even continuous,---faithful action of $\SL(n,{\bf{R}})$ on an $(n-1)$-dimensional manifold is the transitive action on ${\bf S}^{n-1}$, and the only other nontrivial action is the quotie...
1,116,691,498,993
arxiv
\section*{#1}% \else \vspace{.05in}\footnotesize \parindent .2in {\upshape\bfseries #1. }\ignorespaces \fi} {\if@twocolumn\else\par\vspace{.1in}\fi} \newenvironment{keywords}{\begin{@abssec}{\keywordsname}}{\end{@abssec}} \newenvironment{AMS}{\begin{@abssec}{\AMSname}}{\end{@abssec}} \newen...
1,116,691,498,994
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} The tunneling effect is peculiar to quantum mechanics and no counterparts exist in classical mechanics. Quantum tunneling plays a role and actually manifests in various situations ranging from atomic and molecular physics to various phenomena in condensed phases. In ...
1,116,691,498,995
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The idea of grand unification was proposed shortly after the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particles was completely formulated based on the gauge group ${\rm SU}(3)_c\times {\rm SU}(2)_L \times {\rm U}(1)_Y$ \cite{Glashow:1961tr,Weinberg:1967tq,Salam:1968rm,SU(3),Fritzsch:1973pi}. Grand unifi...
1,116,691,498,996
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently Bourgain-Brezis \cite{MR2293957} and Lanzani-Stein \cite{MR793239} established the following $L^1$ Sobolev inequality (or Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality) for differential forms: If $u$ is a smooth compactly supported $q$ form on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $q \ne 1$ nor $n-1$, then $$ \|u\|_{L^...
1,116,691,498,997
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Assume that $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}$ is a bounded domain with piecewise smooth boundary $\partial\Omega$ in an $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{n}$, $\nu$ is the outward unit normal of the boundary $\partial\Omega$ and $l$ is a positive integer. Let $\Lambda_{i...
1,116,691,498,998
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although the problem of constructing an exact solution in the Brans-Dicke (BD) theory, that may be considered a generalization of Vaidya solution\cite{vaidya}, has been addressed in the past\cite{antecedentes}, this solution has not been found yet. That generalization must reduce to Vaidya so...
1,116,691,498,999
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The proof on infinitude of primes of Euclid indicates that the following inequality \[ p_{n+1}<p_{1}p_{2}\cdots p_{n} \] holds for $ n\ge 2 $, where $ p_{i} $ denotes the $ i $-th prime. This can be regarded as the beginning of the study of inequalities of prime numbers. A natural motivatio...
1,116,691,499,000
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \markboth{\centerline{\it Introduction}}{\centerline{\it D.T.V.~An and N.D.~Yen}} \setcounter{equation}{0} Investigations on differentiability properties of the \textit{optimal value function} and of the \textit{solution map} in parametric mathematical programming are usually classified as...
1,116,691,499,001
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\bf Question}. Let $B$ be the round ball in the standard symplectic ${\mathbb{R}}^{2n}$. {\it Is there an embedded Lagrangian disc $\Delta\subset {\mathbb{R}}^{2n}\setminus \Int B$ with $\partial \Delta\subset\partial B$ such that $\partial \Delta$ is a Legendrian submanifold and $\Delta$ tra...
1,116,691,499,002
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Biological examples provided the original motivation lying behind the Kuramoto model (KM) of coupled phase oscillators \cite{Strogatz_sync}. However, neither the original model \cite{Kuramoto_book}, nor any of its extensions \cite{Acebron_review}, have incorporated a f...
1,116,691,499,003
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gauge field theories, such as the Maxwell equations and the Yang-Mills equations, arise in important physical theories to describe electromagnetism and the weak and strong interactions, and are to some extent mathematically related to the Einstein vacuum equations in General Relativity. Indeed, ...
1,116,691,499,004
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning systems are currently attracting a huge amount of interest, as they see continued success in practical applications. Students who want to understand this new technology encounter two primary challenges. First, the theoretical foundations of the field are not always easy for a typi...
1,116,691,499,005
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we consider the problem of analytic continuation of a germ of a holomorphic map sending a real analytic hypersurface into another such hypersurface in the special case when the target hypersurface is real algebraic but of higher dimension. Our principal result is the following. \b...
1,116,691,499,006
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Colloids are two-phase systems comprising a phase homogeneously dispersed throughout a continuous medium. The dispersed phase can be observed in the form of droplets, particles or bubbles depending on whether it is a liquid, solid or gas, respectively. Similarly, the dispersing p...
1,116,691,499,007
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this letter we provide a simple proof of a conjectured formula of \cite{OU93}, whose notation we will be following, for some phases $\epsilon(\tau_j,i)$ which appear in the description of the principal vertex operator construction \cite{KKLW81} of the level one representations of a simply-lac...
1,116,691,499,008
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The branch-and-cut (B\&C\xspace) paradigm is a hybrid of the branch-and-bound (B\&B\xspace) \cite{LanDoi60} and cutting plane methods~\cite{Gomory58,Gomory60solving,Gomory63}. It is central to a wide range of modern global optimization approaches~\citep{burer2008quadbrach,al1987lcpbranch}, partic...
1,116,691,499,009
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro} The equation of state (EOS) of classical or quantum fluids characterizes completely the thermodynamic behavior of the system, by providing unique informations about the fundamental properties of the fluids at finite temperature~\cite{book,Huang}, such as their behavior at the p...
1,116,691,499,010
arxiv
\section{The Model, and Results} Consider the set $\cal W$ of all self-avoiding polygons (i.e., closed self-avoiding loops) on the square lattice with periodic boundary conditions, $L = ({{\Bbb Z}}/ v {{\Bbb Z}})^2$, with $v$ a fixed positive integer. The energy $E(w)$ of polygon $w$ in $\cal W$ is defined as the n...
1,116,691,499,011
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Young's lattice is a prototypical example of a differential poset which was first defined by Stanley \cite{StaD, StaV}. The Robinson correspondence is a correspondence between permutations and pairs of standard tableaux whose shapes are the same Young diagram. This correspondence was generalized ...
1,116,691,499,012
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The prehistoric stars whose formation epochs lie beyond the redshift accessible by the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, have been found en masse in little satellites around the Milky Way. Other less fortunate dwarf galaxies have been pulled apart by gravity to furnish the diffuse Galac...
1,116,691,499,013
arxiv
\section{Introduction The ability to explain the rationale behind a decision is widely seen as one of the basic skills needed by an autonomous agent to truly collaborate with humans. At the very least we would want our autonomous teammates to be capable of explaining why a particular action/plan was chosen to achieve ...
1,116,691,499,014
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction} Many modern iterative methods such as block relaxation methods, multigrid methods, and domain decomposition methods for linear systems belong to Schwarz methods, also known as subspace correction methods. Because of this fact, constructing an abstract convergence theory f...