uuid
int64
541B
3,299B
dataset
stringclasses
1 value
text
stringlengths
1
4.29M
1,116,691,499,215
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sampling, i.e., the selection of a set of points that represent a probability distribution, is an essential problem in many areas such as statistics, machine learning, and nonlinear filtering. For this purpose, randomized sampling algorithms such as importance sampling \cite{sarkkaBay...
1,116,691,499,216
arxiv
\section{Method} \label{sec:method} Our generator network synthesizes images of a fixed resolution $H \times W$ and has the multi-layer perceptron-type architecture $G$ (see Fig.~\ref{fig:architecture}). In more detail, the synthesis of each pixel takes a random vector $\mathbf{z} \in \mathcal{Z}$ shared across all...
1,116,691,499,217
arxiv
\subsection*{Model 1} Consider the pseudoscalar interaction \begin{equation} L_{\rm int} = if\overline\psi\gamma_5\psi\Phi + \lambda\Phi^4\,. \end{equation} Notice that the Lagrangian in this case obeys a parity symmetry \begin{eqnarray} \Phi \to -\Phi \,, \quad \psi \to \gamma_0 \psi \,, \label{Psymm} \end{eqna...
1,116,691,499,218
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems form a key component of various products across industry. Many of these ASR systems rely on a complex Acoustic Model (AM) whose output is rescored by a domain-specific Language Model (LM). As we use ASR systems in new domains, the memory, maintenance a...
1,116,691,499,219
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} There are several unsolved knots in the realm of particle physics, e.g., the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, the dark matter content, the origin of neutrino masses and mixing, etc., and the understanding of these issues is one of the prime objectives of the present day res...
1,116,691,499,220
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is a sequel to our paper \cite{AD} where we studied the universal subspaces $V$ for the representation of a connected compact Lie group $G$ on a finite-dimensional real vector space $U$. The meaning of the word ``universal'' in this context is that every $G$-orbit in $U$ meets the sub...
1,116,691,499,221
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $B, n \in \mathbb{N}_{>1}$ be such that \begin{eqnarray} \label{nosplit} \varphi^{*}(B) := \varphi({\rm rad } \ (B)) \quad \hbox{ and } \quad (n, \varphi^*(B)) = 1. \end{eqnarray} Here ${\rm rad } \ (B)$ is the radical of $B$ and the condition implies that $B$ has no prime factors $t \eq...
1,116,691,499,222
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since its discovery as the first extragalactic source of very high energy (VHE, $E>100\,$GeV) gamma rays, Mrk 421 has been intensively studied. The spectral energy distribution (SED) shows the two characteristic non-thermal peaks of a high energy peaked BL-Lac (HBL) system. The VHE end of the sp...
1,116,691,499,223
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Lattice and charge are definitely the two most essential degrees of freedom in condensed matter. The interplay between them, {\it i.e.}, the electron-phonon coupling (EPC), as a prototypical many-body problem, has received intensive theoretical and experimental investigations \c...
1,116,691,499,224
arxiv
\section*{\LARGE\bf #1}% \stepcounter{section}% \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{#1}% \large\itshape% #2\\\vspace{0.1pt}\\% #3% \normalsize\upshape% \bigskip} \begin{document} \head{Neutrino - Photon Interactions at Low Energy } {Ara N.~Ioannisian} {Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Arme...
1,116,691,499,225
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The $\pi$ and $\rho$ are similar states consisting of an $u$-quark and a $\bar{d}$-antiquark except for the spins as $\pi$ is in the spin-singlet state while $\rho$ is in the triplet. Therefore we can easily attribute any differences to the spin-dependent nature of the interaction...
1,116,691,499,226
arxiv
\section{Introduction} If $Y$ is a normed space and $X \subset Y$, then we set ${\rm dist}_Y (f, X) = \inf_{g \in X} \| f - g \|_Y$. If the space $Y$ is clear from the context, we write simply ${\rm dist}(f, X)$. In the problems we are going to consider, $X$ itself is going to be a (quasi)-Banach space. We deno...
1,116,691,499,227
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Distributed optimization captures a variety of estimation and learning problems over networks, including distributed data classification and localization in smart sensor networks, to name a few. The term ``online'' refers to scenarios in which the problem data is not av...
1,116,691,499,228
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} To generate the baryon number asymmetry, Sakharov's criteria \cite{sakharov} have to be fulfilled. One of them, the CP violation, is actually insufficient in the standard model (SM), and contributions from new physics beyond the SM is required. As a good probe of CP violation beyon...
1,116,691,499,229
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The purpose of this note is to combine three standard results in homotopy theory: \begin{enumerate}[label=(\arabic*)] \item the construction of elements of order $p^{r+1}$ in the homotopy groups of the mod $p^r$ Moore space $P^n(p^r)$, as described in \cite{CMN1}; \item the stable splitting of $...
1,116,691,499,230
arxiv
\section{Definitions and notations} Consider a planar three-body problem with equal masses $m_\ell=1$, $\ell=0,1,2$, defined by the Lagrangian \begin{equation} \label{Lagrangian} L=\frac{1}{2}\sum_\ell \left(\frac{dq_\ell}{dt}\right)^2 + \sum_{i \ne j} V(|q_i-q_j|),\ \end{equation} $q_\ell=(q_\ell^x, q_\ell^y) \in \m...
1,116,691,499,231
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Horizontal visibility algorithm \cite{seminalPRE} is a mapping by which an ordered set of $N$ real numbers $\{x_t\}, t=1,...,N$ maps into a graph $\cal G$ with $N$ nodes and adjacency matrix $A_{ij}$. Nodes $i$ and $j$ are connected through an undirected edge ($A_{ij}=A_{ji}=1$) if $x_i$ and...
1,116,691,499,232
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hybrid quantum systems aim to overcome difficulties in implementing more complex quantum information processing tasks with individual quantum systems~\cite{Xiang2013,Kurizki2015} - a quantum network with solid-state systems as fast processors, atomic systems as long-lived memories, and optical p...
1,116,691,499,233
arxiv
\subsection{Implementation Details} \label{appendix_imple_details} For the BlenderBot model \cite{roller-etal-2021-recipes}, we use the distilled version with 2 encoder layers, 12 decoder layers, 1280 hidden dimensions, and 365M parameters. For all our experiments, we implement our code based on an efficient transforme...
1,116,691,499,234
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} The stationary Radiative Transfer Equation (sRTE) models the mesoscopic equilibrium state of particles, such as photons or electrons, propagating across heterogenous media. The density of particles at the equilibrium state results from the interaction of them with the microscopi...
1,116,691,499,235
arxiv
\section{Copy-paste in detail} Copy and pasted method introduced in Sec.~PUT REF TO SECTION is a new flexible approach to construct light-cones for arbitrary observers respect to a particular source in an N-body simulation. These method solve the problem that arbitrary lines-of-sight are likely to lie outside of the l...
1,116,691,499,236
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} About every sixth death in the world is cancer-related, with colorectal cancer (CRC) being the most dominant globally~\cite{haggar2009colorectal}. During a colonoscopy, a tiny video camera connected to the end of an endoscope creates a video signal of the internal mucosa of ...
1,116,691,499,237
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space, and consider a subset $T=\{t_\xi:\xi\in\Xi\}$ of $X$ that is parametrized by a bounded subset $\Xi$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$. Roughly speaking, we are interested in the following question: can $T$ be viewed as a \emph{finite-dimensional} subset of $...
1,116,691,499,238
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe) are detectable at great distances, via their strong [\ion{O}{iii}] 5007 \AA{} emission, with surveys extending out as far as the Coma Cluster, $\sim$ 100 Mpc, where PNe were detected within the intracluster medium \citep{gerhard_detection_2005}. Their ionised...
1,116,691,499,239
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ability to predict and optimize the behavior of complex socio-technical systems is one of this century's main scientific themes. It is becoming clearer and clearer how the behavior of large-scale infrastructural, social, economic, and financial networks can have a huge societal impact, e.g.,...
1,116,691,499,240
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The analysis of time series of meteorological data has an increasing interest in many fields. Their analysis is interesting in order to have a better understanding of the atmospheric phenomena, to determine the climate of a geographical data or to predict the occurrence of extreme events. I...
1,116,691,499,241
arxiv
\section{Motivation} \label{sec:motivation} A sterile neutrino is a well motivated and widely studied dark matter (DM) candidate. In the Neutrino Minimal Standard Model ($\nu$MSM) \cite{Asaka:2005an,Asaka:2005pn,Asaka:2006nq}, its relic abundance is produced through its mixing with the active neutrinos via the Dodel...
1,116,691,499,242
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a group. A subset $P$ of $G$ is {\it a positive cone} of $G$ if it is a subsemigroup which, together with $P^{-1}$ and the identity $\{1\}$, forms a partition of $G$. Elements from $P$ and $P^{-1}$ are called positive and negative respectively, and groups supporting positive cones are...
1,116,691,499,243
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In conventional chemical evolution models, stars are assumed to form from well-mixed gas clouds at a rate proportional to some power of the gas density (Schmidt 1959), thus inheriting the abundance pattern of the gas at that time (e.g., Tinsley 1980). This simplified treatment of the complex st...
1,116,691,499,244
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In order to facilitate the planning of early intervention and treatment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), one of the leading cause of death for older people in the United States, over the past few years, several machine learning-based approaches have been proposed to assist in the early computer aide...
1,116,691,499,245
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Topological defects such as monopoles, strings and domain walls~\cite{Zeldovich:1974uw, Vilenkin:1982ks} can arise in many gauge theories including grand unification. In addition, there can appear (hybrid) configurations such as monopoles connected via strings or walls bounded...
1,116,691,499,246
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-agent systems are widely studied in the past decades because of their applications in various areas such as formation control, distributed sensor network, and so on \cite{fax2004information, cortes2005coordination, yu2009distributed}. Generally, the target of distributed consensus control i...
1,116,691,499,247
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Unconditional image generation has been a hot research topic in the last decade. In image generation, a generative model is trained to learn the image data distribution from a finite set of training images. Once trained, the generative model can synthesize images by sampling fro...
1,116,691,499,248
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Asymptotic symmetries play a central role in the understanding of gauge theories. Gauge transformations can be divided into two important categories. On the one hand, we have the small gauge transformations, that are just redundancies in the description of the theory. On the...
1,116,691,499,249
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most robust predictions of inflationary cosmology is that the universe after inflation becomes extremely flat, which corresponds to $\Omega = 1$. Here $\Omega = {\rho\over \rho_c}$,\, $\rho_c$ being the energy density of a flat universe. There were many good reasons to believe that t...
1,116,691,499,250
arxiv
\section{Details of Experimental Evaluation} \label{app:seq-experiments-details} The following table lists the results of our experimental evaluation on the sequential programs benchmark suite. \begin{longtable}{l@{\hskip 1.5em}rrrrrr@{\hskip 1.5em}r} \caption{Experimental results of Horn-DT and Seahorn on the seque...
1,116,691,499,251
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Autonomous marine vehicles are important tools for many applications in both civilian and military contexts. One such application is Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA), where a vehicle provides information about the physical environment in an area of interest. This information is then used to ...
1,116,691,499,252
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum phase transitions and quantum criticality are among the central concepts in the physics of correlated electrons \cite{Sachdev-Book,Vojta-Review}. In general, quantum fluctuations (QF) near magnetic e.g. spin-density-wave (SDW) quantum critical point (QCP) give rise to non-Fermi liquid b...
1,116,691,499,253
arxiv
\section{Conclusion}\label{conclusion} In this paper, we have proposed and evaluated a novel Q-learning based online checkpointing policy for secure, intermittently powered IoT devices. Compared to the current state-of-the-art, the proposed policy is the first to take into account multiple factors, including forwa...
1,116,691,499,254
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Being able to model a dynamical system is fundamental in many engineering applications. Dynamical models can be constructed with first principles laws and/or data. In the first case, physics laws, such as conservation of energy, matter and thermodynamics laws...
1,116,691,499,255
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this investigation we consider solution of general {unconstrained} optimization problems using the steepest-descent method and focus on {modifying the definition of the gradient} such that in certain circumstances {this approach} will achieve a quadratic convergence, characteristic of Newt...
1,116,691,499,256
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} The use of combinatorial methods in knot theory, as is well known, has led to connections between graph and link polynomials, the most famous of which is a relation between the Jones polynomial and the Tutte polynomial. This appeared early on in the development of quantum topology...
1,116,691,499,257
arxiv
\section{Introduction} By $\mathbb{D}$ be the open unit disc in the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$, $H(\mathbb{D})$ is denoted the space of all analytic functions on $\mathbb{D}$. The classic {Zygmund space} $\mathcal{Z}$ consists of all functions $f \in H(\mathbb{D})$ which are continuous on the closed unit ball $ \overli...
1,116,691,499,258
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Understanding the effect of hydrogen on dislocations \citep{Robertson2001} is essential to understanding how hydrogen reduces ductility in metals. Using in situ TEM testing, hydrogen has been observed to enhance dislocation mobility in a variety of materials \citep{Tabata1983,Robert...
1,116,691,499,259
arxiv
\subsection{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{0mm {1.5\baselineskip {1\baselineskip {\indent\normalfont\normalsize\itshape} \renewcommand*{\@seccntformat}[1] \normalfont\bfseries\csname the#1\endcsname\;- } \renewco...
1,116,691,499,260
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A common method in the economic literature to determine the price of an asset is the concept of equilibrium pricing~\cite{MasColell1995,Dixon2001}. The price is the result of the available supply and demand. In the context of stock markets supply and demand are often identified with the market ex...
1,116,691,499,261
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let $K$ be a number field, let $X/K$ be a nice (i.e. smooth, projective, geometrically integral) curve of genus $g$, and let $J_X/K$ be the Jacobian of $X$. The Mordell-Weil Theorem says that $J_X(K)$ is a finitely generated abelian group. The \defi{rank} of $X/K$ is the integer \begin{equatio...
1,116,691,499,262
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{INTRO}} Long-ranged dispersive interactions, such as the Casimir\cite{Casimir:1948} force or the van der Waals\cite{London:1930} force, originate from electromagnetic field fluctuations. They are present between all types of objects at any distance, regardless of whether there are permanen...
1,116,691,499,263
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{RSMP3DDF_s_I} The accurate prediction of 3-D turbulent flow in geometrically complex ducts is important in many practical applications, including aerospace \cite{Gerolymos_Joly_Mallet_Vallet_2010a}, process \cite{AnxionnazMinvielle_Cabassud_Gourdon_Tochon_2013a} and nuclear \cite{Chang_Tav...
1,116,691,499,264
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Understanding algebraic relations between solutions of a differential equation is, perhaps along with understanding solutions of a particular form, the central problem in algebraic differential equations. Characterizing algebraic relations between solutions is an important output of va...
1,116,691,499,265
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1982, R. S. Hamilton introduced the intrinsic geometric flows, \textit Ricci flow} \cite{ham-82} \begin{equation} \frac{\partial }{\partial t}g(t)=-2\func{Ric}(g(t)) \end{equation} and \textit{Yamabe flow} \cite{ham} \begin{equation} \frac{\partial }{\partial t}g(t)=-\func{scal}(t)\cd...
1,116,691,499,266
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{section:Intro} Quantifier prefix classes have for long been a dominating paradigm for the classification of first-order sentences into decidable and undecidable fragments. The \emph{Bernays--Sch\"onfinkel--Ramsey fragment (BSR)}---$\exists^*\forall^*$ sentences---and the \emph{Ackermann ...
1,116,691,499,267
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Video-based face recognition has received increasing interest in recent years as a growing number of videos are continually being captured by mobile devices and CCTV systems for surveillance. Due to requirements in law enforcement and the fact that videos contain rich temporal and multi-view in...
1,116,691,499,268
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{W}ith the development of the Internet, we have entered the era of big data. It is consequently a natural idea to leverage the large scale yet noisy data on the web for various vision tasks \cite{li2015weakly,zhang2014weakly,shen2013approximate,tang2016weakly,shen2016fast,shen2016fa...
1,116,691,499,269
arxiv
\section{I. Introduction} In the field of three-dimensionally frustrated magnets, the predominant research focus has centered on the magnetic diamond and pyrochlore lattices \cite{bergman-balents, lee-balents, buessen-trebst, gchen, bernier2008quantum, savary2011impurity, bramwell1998frustration, harris1996frustration...
1,116,691,499,270
arxiv
\section{Motivation} \label{Section_Introduction} Students of gravitational wave (GW) physics are taught that the key observable -- the fractional distortion of the arms of laser interferometers employed by detectors such as LIGO, Virgo, Kagra, etc. -- induced by the passage of a GW train generated by a distant astrop...
1,116,691,499,271
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a recent paper \cite{DLR3} the first and the third authors introduced the notion of {\em horizontal $\alpha$ harmonic map}, $\alpha\ge 1/2$ with respect to a given $C^1$ planes distribution. Precisely we consider $P_T\in C^1({\mathbb{R}}^m,M_m({\mathbb{R}}))$ and $P_N\in C^1({\mathbb{R}}...
1,116,691,499,272
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \begin{quote} \begin{small} {\em ``In a machine such as this {\em [a quantum computer]} there are very many other problems due to imperfections. For example, in the registers for holding the data, there will be problems of cross-talk, interactions between one atom and another...
1,116,691,499,273
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} This work was supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation. \section*{References}
1,116,691,499,274
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION \label{section_introduction}} The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) has been designed to provide a deep six-band (0.3-1.1 $\micron$) astronomical imaging survey of more than $20,000$ square degrees of the southern sky. Using active optics, the 8.4-meter aperture and 9.6 square degree field-...
1,116,691,499,275
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exchangeable relational data~\cite{nowicki2001estimation,ishiguro2010dynamic,nonpa2013schmidt}, such as tensor data~\cite{tnnls_8497036,pensky2019dynamic} and collaborative filtering data~\cite{tnnls_7112169,tnnls_8525418,Li_transfer_2009}, are commonly observed in many real-world applications. I...
1,116,691,499,276
arxiv
\section{Keywords:} Sun, Corona, Magnetohydrodynamics, Waves, Coronal Seismology} \end{abstract} \section{Introduction} The outermost layer of the solar atmosphere, the corona, consists of a fully ionised and strongly magnetised plasma, which is able to respond periodically or quasi-periodically to any impulsive pert...
1,116,691,499,277
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} A core part of regression analysis involves the examination and handling of individual cases (Weis\-berg, \citeyear{weisberg:book}). Traditionally, cases have been removed or downweighted as outliers or because they exert an overly large influence on the fitted regression surfac...
1,116,691,499,278
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The basic structure of an accepting network of evolutionary processors (ANEP for short) is widely met in distributed, parallel and evolutionary computing: a virtual undirected graph whose nodes are processors handling some data. All node processors act simultaneously on the local data in accord...
1,116,691,499,279
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathfrak{S}_n$ denote the symmetric group of order $n$. Recall that the \textbf{Robinson-Schensted correspondence} associates with a permutation $\sigma^{(n)}\in \mathfrak{S}_n$ a pair of standard Young tableaux $(P_n,Q_n)$ whose common shape $\lambda$ is a Young diagram of order $n$. A f...
1,116,691,499,280
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Throughout the gig economy, numerous digital platforms algorithmically profile, control, and discipline workers that offer on-demand services to consumers. Data collection and predictive modeling are critical for a typical platform’s business as machine learning algorithms power ranking, scoring...
1,116,691,499,281
arxiv
\section{Score vector computation} In the following, we have reported the computation of the score function $G_{\lambda}^X$, defined as the gradient of the log-likelihood of a data $X$ with respect to the parameters $\lambda$ of a Bernoulli Mixture Model. Throughout this appendix we have used $\1{\cdot}$ notation to r...
1,116,691,499,282
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lorentz violating theories of gravity have attracted much attention recently. This is mainly due to the fact that some quantum gravity theories, such as string theory and loop quantum gravity, predict that the spacetime structure at very high energies--typically at the Planck scale--may not ...
1,116,691,499,283
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider degenerate convection-diffusion equations perturbed by a fractional diffusion (L\'{e}vy) operator; more precisely, problems of the form \begin{align}\label{1} \begin{cases} u_{t}+f(u)_{x}=(a(u)u_x)_x+b\Levy[u]&\quad(x,t)\in Q_T=\mathbb{R}\times(0,T),\\ u(x,0)=u_{0}(x)&\quad x\in\...
1,116,691,499,284
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our understanding of percolation properties of networks has expanded significantly in recent years. Percolation theory, a classical model in statistical physics, has been applied in a number of different network science topics, such as network structure~\cite{PhysRevE.80.036105,PhysRevLett.96.04...
1,116,691,499,285
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \emph{Probabilistic programming languages} (PPLs) are programming languages extended with statements to (1) draw values at random from a given probability distribution, and (2) perform conditioning due to observation. Probabilistic programs yield, instead of a deterministic outcome, a probab...
1,116,691,499,286
arxiv
\section{} \subsection{} \subsubsection{}
1,116,691,499,287
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well known that Poisson-Nijenhuis (PN) manifolds \cite{MagriMorosiRagnisco85,KM} are an important notion in the theory of integrable systems. Roughly speaking, they are Poisson manifold $({\mathcal M},\pi)$ endowed with a tensor field of type $(1,1)$, say $N:T{\mathcal M}\to T{\mathcal M}$,...
1,116,691,499,288
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The box-ball system (BBS) is an interacting particle system introduced in the 1990s by physicists Takahashi and Satsuma as a model to understand solitons, that is, travelling waves \cite{takahashi1990}. In particular, it is connected with the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, which describes sha...
1,116,691,499,289
arxiv
\section{Supplementary Materials} \subsection{MABK-violation without classical post-processing} In the main text, we have presented the probability of observing a violation by considering all equivalent Mermin-Ardehali-Belinski\v{\i}-Klyshko (MABK) inequalities. If the classical post-processing to optimize over the m...
1,116,691,499,290
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} {\bf We compare the efficiency of different matrix product state (MPS) based methods for the calculation of two-time correlation functions in open quantum systems. The methods are the purification approach~\cite{WolffKollath2019} and two approaches~\cite{BreuerPetruccione1997,MolmerDalibard1993} bas...
1,116,691,499,291
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) extends from the time when the first sources form as a result of the nonlinear growth of primordial density fluctuations in a fully neutral universe ($z \sim 20$), to the moment when the intergalactic medium is fully reionized under the effect of UV radiations ...
1,116,691,499,292
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exactly solvable models are key players in few- and many-body quantum mechanics and are indeed also fascinating creatures \cite{mattis,sutherland}. The analytical intractability of general $N$-body systems makes it extremely important to have exact results to allow benchmark tests of complicate...
1,116,691,499,293
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After Einstein published the general theory of relativity in 1915, numerous attempts were made to generalize the theory in such a way as to encompass both gravitation and electromagnetism in a unique geometrical structure. Three historically important such generalizations which are relevant to ou...
1,116,691,499,294
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we are interested in the sampling of probability distribution named Gibbs measure whose density is $\pi(\mathrm{d}x)= \frac{1}{Z}e^{-\frac{U(x)}{2\sigma^2}} \lambda(\mathrm{d}x)$ where $\lambda $ is the Lebesgue measure, $Z= \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} e^{-\frac{2 U(x)}{\sigma^2}}\lambda(\...
1,116,691,499,295
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbf{x}$ be an infinite word, i.e., a sequence of letters belonging to a finite alphabet. Imagine a window of size~$n$ moving along $\mathbf{x}$. Such a reading frame permits to detect all factors of length~$n$ occurring in~$\mathbf{x}$. For instance, the factor complexity function of $\m...
1,116,691,499,296
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} Let $f: {\mathbb C}^n \to {\mathbb C}$ be a holomorphic function germ. What can be said about functions whose Milnor fibre $F$ has the property $b_i(F) = 0$ for all $i \ge 1$ ? If $F$ is connected then $f$ is non-singular and equivalent to a linear function by A'Campo's trace fo...
1,116,691,499,297
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The Brian\c con-Skoda theorem, \cite{brianconskoda}, states that for any ideal $\mathfrak{a} \subset \O_{\C^n,0}$ generated by $m$ germs, we have the inclusion $\overline{\mathfrak{a}^{\min(m,n)+l-1}}\subset\mathfrak{a}^l$, where $\overline{I}$ denotes the integral closure of $I$. Th...
1,116,691,499,298
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large scale hypertexts, such as the World Wide Web, are well-known examples of scale-free networks in the real-world \cite{pietro} and the Barab\'asi--Albert model \cite{ba} is certainly one of their most investigated descriptors. When the interest focuses on the popularity of a webpage, ...
1,116,691,499,299
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold-standard study design for evaluating the effectiveness and safety of new interventions. Despite their successful history of demonstrating the benefits and uncovering the risks of new treatments, they face substantial challenges...
1,116,691,499,300
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lattice QCD aims at describing hadrons and interactions between them based on first-principle Quantum ChromoDynamics. It is based on the evaluation of correlation functions by means of Feynman path integral of QCD action on discretized and finite Euclidean space-time. I review recent results on ...
1,116,691,499,301
arxiv
\section{#1}} \makeatletter\@addtoreset{equation}{section} \makeatother \def\mathcal{T}{\mathcal{T}} \def{o}{{o}} \def{O}{{O}} \def\mathop{\rm dist}\nolimits{\mathop{\rm dist}\nolimits} \def\sigma{\sigma} \def\mathop{\rm mod}\nolimits{\mathop{\rm mod}\nolimits} \renewcommand{\Re}{\mathop{\rm{R\hskip -1pt e}}\nolimit...
1,116,691,499,302
arxiv
\section*{Supplemental Material} \section{Renormalization group analysis} First we consider the easy-plane CP$^1$ model with a soft constraint and without any additional gauge terms, \begin{eqnarray} \label{eq:CP1soft} \mathcal{L}&=&\sum_{a=1,2}|(\partial_\mu-ia_\mu)z_a|^2+ \frac{K}{2}(|z_1|^2- |z_2|^2)^2\nonumber...
1,116,691,499,303
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nearly two decades ago, Katz, Lebowitz and Spohn introduced a seemingly trivial generalization of the Ising model: a lattice gas driven far from equilibrium by an external ``electric'' field, $E$ \cite{KLS}. The motivations are twofold: the statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium systems and th...
1,116,691,499,304
arxiv
\section{Introduction. Theoretical framework} To date understanding is that at the filling factor $\nu=1/3$, $1/5$ the Laughlin variational wave function \cite{laughlin1983} gives the best known so far analytical approximation of exact many-body ground-state wave function. At $\nu=1/3$, there were many attempts to obt...
1,116,691,499,305
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*} \centering \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{img/scheme.png} \caption{MisConv{} redefines the first convolutional layer of existing CNN to process incomplete images. First, it estimates a distribution of possible replacements for an incomplete image using a Mixture ...
1,116,691,499,306
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction} Dispersive shock waves~(DSWs) are widespread nonlinear phenomena in physics, from hydrodynamics~\cite{1966Peregrine,1988Smyth,2016Maiden} to acoustics~\cite{1970Taylor}, from Bose-Einstein condensates~\cite{2004Damski,2004Kamchatnov,2004Perez,2005Simula,2006Hoefer,2008Chang} to ...
1,116,691,499,307
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf} \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\it}} \let\emppsubsection\subsection \def\textindent#1{\indent\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces} \def\par\inden...
1,116,691,499,308
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gravitational-wave~(GW) measurements of the tidal deformability of neutron stars~(NSs) have opened a new window to study the properties of matter beyond the nuclear saturation point within stellar cores~\cite{Hinderer:2018mrj,Chatziioannou:2020pqz}. Equations of state with different stiffness...
1,116,691,499,309
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} Stochastic model-based evaluation is widely used to analyze the performability, dependability and performance of complex systems. A convenient technique to make model construction easier, and to promote an efficient solution process, is based on the hierarchical submo...
1,116,691,499,310
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent ground and space-based observations have shown that multi-planet systems are abundant around main-sequence stars \citep[e.g.,][]{Howard+10,Howard+12,Borucki+11,Lissauer+11,Mayor+11,Youdin11,Batalha+13,Dressing+13,Petigura+13,Christiansen+15}. These studies reveal that the architecture of...
1,116,691,499,311
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Rotation-based ages of old Sun-like stars are rooted in a complex and intricate dependence on age, rotation, turbulent convection, structural variations and mass-loss due to magnetized winds \citep{skumanich72,reiners12,guerrero13, fionnagain18}. Classically, the age-dating method that relies on ...
1,116,691,499,312
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We work over the complex number field $\mathbb C$ throughout, and we denote the Picard number of $X$ by $\rho(X) = \rank\Pic(X)$. \begin{definition} A normal projective 3-fold $X$ is called a {\em Fano 3-fold} if and only if $X$ has $\mathbb Q$-factorial terminal singularities, $-K_X$ is ample,...
1,116,691,499,313
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past twenty years, photometric and spectroscopic data have radically changed our picture of Galactic globular clusters (GCs). One of the most baffling discoveries is the presence of multiple stellar populations (mPOPs) in GCs \citep[see Anderson 1997;][and references therein]{1999Natur....
1,116,691,499,314
arxiv
\section{Algorithm} \subsection{Computing $q$-gram Frequencies on Uncompressed Strings} \label{subsection:uncompressed} We describe two algorithms (Algorithm~\ref{algo:naive} and Algorithm~\ref{algo:naive_sa}) for computing the $q$-gram frequencies of a given uncompressed string $T$. A na\"ive algorithm for computing ...