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1,116,691,499,015 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the common issues that plagues real life data is missing values. The problem of missing data is present in many applications including signal processing, finance, meteorology, medicine, and others. Errors in collection and recording can lead to incomplete data which can lead to false resu... |
1,116,691,499,016 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
A {\sl cellular game} is a dynamical system; that is, the
variables it is composed of are regarded as changing
over time. These variables or cells,
arranged in a discrete structure such as a ring, are thought of as
repeatedly playing a game with their neighbors. Most of this
paper is concerned w... |
1,116,691,499,017 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
By far the most abundant nuclei in the universe are hydrogen and helium, still
little modified from their primordial ratio of about 12 to 1 by number. Of all
elements however the most abundant absorber is helium, because it is far
less ionized than hydrogen; under the hard photoionizing condi... |
1,116,691,499,018 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Path integrals \cite{feynman2010quantum}, also known as Wiener integrals in stochastic calculus \cite{wiener253, wiener294, kac1966}, are a well-established mathematical formalism
which has been used for a long time in Physics to develop accurate approximations and efficient computational te... |
1,116,691,499,019 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Main Results}
\noindent
Maximizing or minimizing polynomial functions is a central problem in
science and engineering.
Typically, the polynomials have an
underlying structure, e.g., sparsity, small expansion with respect to a
particular basis, invariance with respect to a group action, e... |
1,116,691,499,020 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
Intuitively, an \emph{open dynamical system} is a machine or worker with an interface by which to interact with whatever else is out there. Open dynamical systems can be organized as circuits or control loops, so that they affect each other by their outward expressions of internal work, and ther... |
1,116,691,499,021 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Advancement in nano-fabrication techniques made it possible to make devices in which metallic leads are connected to quantum dots (QDs)\cite{Kouwenhoven2001, Franceschi2010,Martin2011}. In principle, such hybrid devices are experimental realization for quantum impurities interacting with the sea ... |
1,116,691,499,022 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The study of the effects of periodic forces on a variety of systems, including classical~\cite{Higashikawa2018,Salerno2016}, quantum~\cite{Bukov2015,Eckardt2015,Kohler1997,Lewis1969,Brandner2016} and statistical systems~\cite{Jung1993,Brandner2015,Dutta2003,Dutta2004,Wang2015,Knoc... |
1,116,691,499,023 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{Acknowledgements}
This publication is based upon work supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No.\ OSR-2017-CRG6-3434.02. The sea surface temperature data studied in this paper were provided by GHRSST, Met Office and CMEM... |
1,116,691,499,024 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgements} We thank Beno\^{i}t Fauqué for sharing the STO data of Fig.~\ref{fig:STOcomparison}. C.H.L. acknowledges support from NSF GRFP DGE-1746045. G.G.G.-V. acknowledges support from the Vice-rectory for Research at the University of Costa Rica under project No. 816-C1-601.
\newpage
|
1,116,691,499,025 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The size of a galaxy, as measured by its half-mass radius $R$, for example,
is among the most basic of its properties. Together with the mass $M$,
the size $R$ determines the binding energy, $-E\approx{GM^2}/(4R)$, and hence
the energy radiated away during the formation of the galaxy. For gal... |
1,116,691,499,026 | arxiv | \section{Spin coherent states}
Spin coherent states are well known in the literature \cite{radcliffe1971,arecchi1972,perelomov1972,klauder1979,klauderBook,auerbachBook,aravind1999}, where their primary purpose is for constructing the spin coherent state path integral. Here we introduce them in a way that is useful for... |
1,116,691,499,027 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In compressed sensing one is confronted with the inverse problem of
recovering unknown but structured signals from only few observations,
far less the dimension of the signal. This methodology is reasonable
if the effective dimension of the signals of interest is much smaller
then its ambient di... |
1,116,691,499,028 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We thank Harald Grie\ss hammer for generating the graphs shown here, Arman Margayan for identifying the errors and correcting the code, and Bruno Strandberg for his help running the corrected code. This work was supported by the US DOE under grant number DE-FG02-93ER-40756.
|
1,116,691,499,029 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Nowadays, energy storage systems have established their efficacy for more than a dozen power system applications, which cover all stages in the energy supply chain: bulk power and energy; ancillary services; transmission and distribution infrastructure applications; custo... |
1,116,691,499,030 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The formation and evolution of galaxies is intimately linked to their interstellar medium (ISM). Indeed, the ISM provides the fuel for star formation and in turn, the physical and chemical properties of the ISM are affected by stars (through UV radiation, cosmic rays, winds, enrichment by metal... |
1,116,691,499,031 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The present work uses a Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach to planning the operation of a multi-echelon supply chain with uncertain seasonal demands and lead times.
We consider the case in which the decisions of the whole supply chain are based on ultimate customer deman... |
1,116,691,499,032 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of quantum phase transitions \cite{sachdev2001quantum,Vojta2003}
provides a framework from which the low-temperature behavior of many
condensed-matter systems can be understood.
The quantum critical
point separates an insulating gapped phase and a gapless conducting phase.
Of parti... |
1,116,691,499,033 | arxiv | \section{Solution}
The model we select is the simple linear regression with l2 penalty. The formula used for prediction is:
$$Y = \tau \cdot X$$
$\tau$ is a 3 by 4 matrix, whose last entry is 1. We try to minimize the following loss function:
$$f(\tau) = \sum_{i=0}^{N} \|\tau \cdot X_i - Y_i\|^2 + \lambda\|\tau\|^2_F... |
1,116,691,499,034 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The Painlev\'e equations, which were discovered by Painlev\'e~\cite{P} and Gambier~\cite{Gm} in the early twentieth century,
are non-linear second order ordinary differential equations that define new special functions.
They are closely related to the classical special funct... |
1,116,691,499,035 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
Our aim of this paper is twofold. We first establish an iteration
theory of the Maslov-type index associated with a Lagrangian
subspace of $(\mathbb{R}^{2n},\omega_0)$ for symplectic paths
starting from identity. The Bott-type iteration formulas and some
abstract precise iteration formulas are ... |
1,116,691,499,036 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
O$_2$ is a magnetic molecule with a spin--1, originating with two unpaired electrons on antibonding $\pi^*$ orbitals.
The magnetism of three structural phases of solid O$_2$ has been studied long ago \cite{Hemert, Uyeda}.
The magnetic exchange interaction between O$_2$ molecules depends strong... |
1,116,691,499,037 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The increasingly precise observations of the gravitational wave signals emitted by merging compact objects
provide unprecedented opportunities to test general relativity (GR) and the nature of black holes and
neutron stars~\cite{PhysRevLett.116.061102,PhysRevLett.116.221101,... |
1,116,691,499,038 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
B2~1215+30, also commonly referred to as ON~325 or 1ES~1215+303, was
first detected in the Bologna Northern Cross telescope survey
conducted at 408 MHz \citep{1970A&AS....1..281C}. It was one of the
first BL Lac-type objects to be identified \citep{1971Natur.231..515B}
and was one member of the s... |
1,116,691,499,039 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In quantum mechanics, the state of a system is represented by a positive trace class operator with unit trace - called a density matrix - acting on a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. We denote the set of density matrices - the set of states - by $\mathcal{S}(\mathcal{H})$. Given some tra... |
1,116,691,499,040 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The Hubble constant ($H_0$) is one of the key parameters to describe the
Universe. Current observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) imply $H_0 =
\SI[separate-uncertainty = true]{67.36 \pm
0.54}{\kilo\meter\per\mathrm{s}\per\mega\parsec}$, assuming a flat $\Lambd... |
1,116,691,499,041 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that some liquids (for example, water, silica,
silicon, carbon, and phosphorus) show an anomalous behavior \cite{
book,book1,deben2001,netz,denstr,errington2}:their phase diagrams
have regions where a thermal expansion coefficient is negative
(density anomaly), self-diffus... |
1,116,691,499,042 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The two dimensional Toda lattice is one of soliton equations which has become
more and more important as a key object in theoretical physics. It was first
formulated by Hirota in 1981\cite{Hirota} as a discrete version of two
continuous time Toda lattice and shown by Miwa\cite{Miwa} its equivale... |
1,116,691,499,043 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of a mass gap occupies a special place in quantum chromodynamics. The significance of this problem
is related to the fact that its solution requires the development of nonperturbative quantization methods in field theory, which are absent at present.
It should be emphasised that... |
1,116,691,499,044 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{section1}
In this paper, we investigate the structure of the ring generated by the cohomology classes of special cycles
in orthogonal Shimura varieties over totally real fields.
For a quadratic space $V$ of dimension $m+2$ over a totally real field $F$ of degree $d$ over ${\mathbb Q}$ w... |
1,116,691,499,045 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Two algebraic structures of the same kind in a linear category are said to be compatible if their sum also defines the same kind of algebraic structure. Compatible structures often appear in various fields of mathematics and mathematical physics. Among others, the notion compatible Lie algebras ... |
1,116,691,499,046 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To understand the physical properties of a material it is crucial to have a full description of the interactions between the electrons and atoms. The vibrations of the atoms encapsulated as phonons have a substantial impact on the properties of a material. The zero-point (ZP) phonon motion ofte... |
1,116,691,499,047 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nonlinear partial differential equation
\begin{equation}\label{muCH}
\mu(u_t)-u_{xxt}=-2\mu(u)u_x+2u_xu_{xx}+uu_{xxx}, \qquad t > 0, \quad x \in S^1 = {\Bbb R}/{\Bbb Z}, \\
\end{equation}
where $u(x,t)$ is a real-valued spatially periodic function and $\mu(u)=\int_{S^1}u(x,t)dx$ denotes it... |
1,116,691,499,048 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
About 1/3 of the \(\gamma\)-ray sources listed in the 2nd \textit{Fermi} catalog
\citep[2FGL,][]{nolan12} have not yet been associated with counterparts at lower energies. A precise
knowledge of the number of unidentified gamma-ray sources (UGSs) is extremely relevant since f... |
1,116,691,499,049 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Measurements of the masses and radii of neutron stars provide some of
the most direct constraints on the equation of state of the matter in
the cores of these compact objects. Time resolved X-ray spectroscopy
of thermonuclear bursts observed from some of the low mass X-ray
binaries has... |
1,116,691,499,050 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Correlation functions of operators in strongly coupled conformal field theories can often be computed using the
AdS/CFT correspondence. Euclidean correlators have a long history\cite{Witten:1998qj,Freedman:1998tz} while the rich analytic structure of various Lorentzian signature correlators can ... |
1,116,691,499,051 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With a binary fraction of $\sim$ 100\%, the presence of a companion plays a crucial role in the evolution of massive stars \citep[e.g., ][]{Sana2011,Duchene2013, Moe2017}. Throughout their lives, it is expected that approximately 70\% of massive stars will interact with a companion \citep[e... |
1,116,691,499,052 | arxiv | \section{Details of the Experimental System}
\subsection{Experimental Design}
The basic experimental design (see Fig.~2 upper panel of main text for schematic) follows the setup reported in Ref. \cite{Bandi2013} with several design improvements to be elaborated below. It consisted of a quasi two-dimensional chamber c... |
1,116,691,499,053 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\cleq
The Courant bracket \cite{courant, courant1} represents the generalization of the Lie bracket on spaces of generalized vectors, understood as the direct sum of the elements of the tangent bundle and the elements of the cotangent bundle. It was obtained in the algebra of generalized curren... |
1,116,691,499,054 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\addtocontents{toc}{\SkipTocEntry}
\subsection*{Background}
The study of (topological) full groups in the setting of topological dynamics was initiated by Giordano, Putnam and Skau~\cite{GPS}. This was inspired by the work of Dye~\cite{Dye} in the measurable setting, and by Krieger's study of... |
1,116,691,499,055 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Advances in nanotechnology demand a better understanding of heat transport in nanoscale systems. The increased levels of dissipated power in ever smaller devices make the search for high thermal conductors essential~\cite{Pop06,Vasileska08,Pop10}. On the other hand, thermoelectric energy conver... |
1,116,691,499,056 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of accelerating expansion of the universe by
the observations of Type Ia supernovae in 1998 \cite{acc1,acc2} motivated the search for dark energy
and modified gravity. The gravitational force decays at a scale larger than $m^{-1}$ if graviton has
a mass $m$, so massive gravity may ... |
1,116,691,499,057 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Wikipedia (WP) as a collaborative, dynamical system of humans is an appropriate subject of social studies. Each
single action of the members of this society, i.e. editors, is well recorded and accessible. Using the cumulative data of 34
Wikipedias in different languages, we try to characterize and f... |
1,116,691,499,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Activation functions play a key role during the training process of neural networks, and considerable attention has been paid to explore standard activation functions over the past years. Especially, with the remarkable development of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) in various computer vision applicat... |
1,116,691,499,059 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a general framework for autonomous agents to learn complex behavior, adapt to changing environments, and generalize to unseen tasks and environments with little human interference or engineering effort.
However, RL in high-dimensional state spaces generally s... |
1,116,691,499,060 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The measurement of the large scale galaxy clustering has been an
important probe in constraining the cosmological models. The large
scale structure (LSS) measurements have made remarkable progresses
by the observational efforts such as 2dFGRS and Sloan Digital Sky
Survey (SDSS), which have provi... |
1,116,691,499,061 | arxiv | \section{General theory}
Consider $(M, \omega)$ --- a compact simply connected symplectic manifold of dimension $2n$, endowed with a symplectic form of integer type, $[\omega] \in H^2(M, \mathbb{Z})$.
Then it exists a prequantization data --- the pair $(L, a)$, where $L \to M$ is a hermitian line bundle and $a \in {\c... |
1,116,691,499,062 | arxiv | \subsection{Single Ended Event Reconstruction - Diego+Xianyi}
In PROSPECT waveform analysis, features from individual PMTs are grouped into multi-segment \emph{clusters} within a 20~ns arrival time window. The paired waveforms of PMTs on opposite ends of a double-ended (DE) segment are stored and analyzed together as a... |
1,116,691,499,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:1}
In biology, the notion that there exist a preferred hierarchy of structure and function among organisms is widely accepted as a fallacy \cite{SA}. Thus, the idea of the devolution of species is considered indiscernible from their evolution. However, in evolutionary computer science, ... |
1,116,691,499,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to establish new results pertaining to diophantine inequalities involving odd real polynomials and to obtain some applications to combinatorial number theory and ergodic theory.\\
Assume that $v$ is a real polynomial, with $\deg(v)\geq 1$, satisfying $v(0)=0$ and let $... |
1,116,691,499,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A \emph{combinatorial neural code} is a set of $0/1$-vectors that is used to model the co-firing patterns of certain neurons in the brain of an animal.
These neurons are call \emph{place cells} and are active when the animal is in a particular region within its environment, called a ... |
1,116,691,499,066 | arxiv | \section{Basic Properties of Elliptic Curves}
In this part, we will introduce some basic notations and properties about elliptic curves. Some classic results won't be proved, but I will list some books where you can look them up.
\newtheorem{defn}{Definition}[section]
\begin{defn}
An elliptic... |
1,116,691,499,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The conjugacy decision problem is, along with the word and isomorphism
problems, one of the original group-theoretic decision problems introduced by Max Dehn
in 1911. In this paper we will consider a variant of the first called the conjugacy search problem, in which we are given two conjugate e... |
1,116,691,499,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Charmless hadronic $B$ decays are suppressed compared to other hadronic $B$ decays and hence can be excellent probes for new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In this paper, we present recent results from the Belle experiment on the charmless hadronic and radiative $B_s^0$ decays $B_s^0\rig... |
1,116,691,499,069 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{se:intro}
Recent breakthroughs in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials led to the experimental realization of a new form of ferroelectricity (FE)~\cite{li2017binary,yasuda2021stacking,ViznerStern2021,weston2022interfacial,de2021direct}.
This newly discovered interfacial ferroelect... |
1,116,691,499,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In 1959 Richard Kadison and Isadore Singer \cite{kad1} formulated a problem in quantum mechanics that later became one of the iconic mathematical questions of the twentieth century. The problem is now known as the Kadison\textendash Singer Problem (KSP).
\begin{problem}[KSP]
... |
1,116,691,499,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the context of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) outflows from the central region are commonly detected as absorption lines in more bands. In the UV/Optical range, they can be present in $\sim$70\% of type 1 AGN, with an extension up to kpc scales and velocities up to $\sim$1000 km/s (\citealt{Har... |
1,116,691,499,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Hubble Sequence (Hubble 1936) and its revisions (e.g., Sandage 1961;
de Vaucouleurs {\it et al.} 1959; van den Bergh 1976) all address the local
universe, in effect defining the mainstream of ``normal'' galaxies. It has been
known for a long time that some galaxies do not fit in these schem... |
1,116,691,499,073 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In classical interactive proof, many results have been obtained
on the complexities of restricted verifiers. For example, Ref.~\cite{Con93}
surveys the studies of the case when the verifier is restricted to log-space computing.
In quantum interactive proof, on the other hand, we have more opt... |
1,116,691,499,074 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S: Introduction}
Various mathematical models for the propagation of a rumour within a population have been developed in the past decades. Two classical models were introduced by Daley and Kendall~\cite{DK} and Maki and Thompson~\cite{MT}.
In the first model (which we shorten to [DK] ... |
1,116,691,499,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
We present a boundary-integral method for the simulation of
time-harmonic acoustic-scattering by general surfaces in
three-dimensional space. As is well known, boundary integral methods
provide a number of advantages (notably, they only require
discretization of the scattering surfaces, and they... |
1,116,691,499,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
During the last few years, an intensive femtoscopy study of proton-proton collisions at the LHC has been provided by the CMS \cite{CMS}, ATLAS \cite{ATLAS}, ALICE \cite{ALICE}, and LHCb \cite{LHCb} Collaborations. Some interesting results, such as the saturation of the femtoscopy scales for in... |
1,116,691,499,077 | arxiv |
\subsubsection*{#1}}
\pagestyle{headings}
\markright{Reference sheet: \texttt{natbib}}
\usepackage{shortvrb}
\MakeShortVerb{\|}
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{plain}
\newcommand{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}
\newcommand{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fileversion{#3}}}{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\file... |
1,116,691,499,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper studies the Gauss hypergeometric differential equation,
\begin{eqnarray} x(1-x) \ \frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}} + (\gamma - (\alpha+\beta+1)x) \ \frac{dy}{dx} - \alpha \beta \ y = 0, \label{eq:gauss} \end{eqnarray}
where $x \in \mathbb{C}$, and the Kummer confluent hypergeometric differential ... |
1,116,691,499,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the present paper we continue a study of the onset of the perturbative
QCD regime in the processes initiated by virtual photon $\gamma^* (Q^2)$
along the lines of \cite{AMN,AMN_a}.
One may address two types of hard processes which allow one to
study the transition regime
from the Strong-QCD p... |
1,116,691,499,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace{-1.5mm}
Voice interactions between human and digital assistants integrated in smartphones and home-owned voice
command devices are becoming ubiquitous in our daily lives. This necessitates a built-in wake word
detection system which constantly listens to its environment,... |
1,116,691,499,081 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{F}_{q^m}$ be the finite field with $q^m$ elements and $\mathbb{F}_{q^m}^{*}=\mathbb{F}_{q^m}\backslash\{0\}$, where $q$ is a power of a prime $p$ and $m$ is a positive integer. An $[n, k, d]$ linear code $\mathcal{C}$ over $\fq$ is a $k$-dimensional subspace of $\fq^{n}$ with mini... |
1,116,691,499,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Networks are mathematical representation of interactions among the components of a system and can be modeled by graphs. A graph G=(V,E) consists of a collection of vertices V, corresponding to the individual units of the observed system, and a collection of edges E, indicatin... |
1,116,691,499,083 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SEC:Introduction}
Understanding the transverse structure of hadrons is an important step towards the three-dimensional imaging of hadrons. One of the key quantities that characterizes such transverse structure is the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs), ... |
1,116,691,499,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A common problem in mathematics is to classify interesting objects up to some
natural notion of equivalence. More precisely, one considers a class of
objects \( X \) and an equivalence relation \( E\) on \( X \), and tries to
find a set of complete invariants \( I \) for \( (X,E) \). To be ... |
1,116,691,499,085 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
In a Universe of ever-growing chemical complexity local, metal-poor massive stars
represent a strong link to the past.
They hold the key to interpret medium to high redshift starburst galaxies, supernovae and
$\gamma$--ray bursts,
and make fundamental ingredients to s... |
1,116,691,499,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
\subsection{The classical-statistical approximation}
\label{sec:classical}
The classical-statistical approximation (CS) to real-time quantum field dynamics consists in replacing the evolution of the quantum operators (such as $\hat{\phi}(x,t)$) by classical dynamics of an e... |
1,116,691,499,087 | arxiv | \section{Paradox Lost?}
\label{sec:intro}
With the advent of microscopic accountings of the density of states of a black hole in string theory~\cite{Strominger:1996sh}, it seemed that a resolution of the black hole information paradox might finally be at hand. But while these accountings provided exemplars of unitar... |
1,116,691,499,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been known for more than a century that light carries linear and angular momentum \cite{Poynting1884,Loudon2012} in addition to energy. When light is scattered or absorbed by a particle, the transfer of momenta can cause the particle to move and/or to rotate. Thus light can be used to m... |
1,116,691,499,089 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Diffuse gas that is within galactic halos but outside the star-forming disk, referred to as the circumgalactic medium (CGM), is critical to how galaxies evolve \citep*{tumlinson17}. This gas is comprised of metal-poor inflows from the intergalactic medium (IGM), metal-rich outfl... |
1,116,691,499,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Neural networks belong since many years to the most promising approaches in
nonparametric statistics in view of multivariate
statistical applications, in particular in pattern recognition
and in nonparametric regression
(see, e.g.,
the monographs \cite{AB09, DGL96, GKKW02, H98, HPK91, R95}).
In... |
1,116,691,499,091 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Kondo model, describing a magnetic moment
embedded in a system of non-interacting fermions continues to attract attention of both theorists and experimentalists for more than half a century.
In spite of the model seeming simplicity, it is well known that the model is as far from being simple, a... |
1,116,691,499,092 | arxiv | \Section{\Section}
\def\Subsection#1{\global\advance\subsecno by1\relax\medskip %
\leftline{\bf\the\secno.\the\subsecno\ #1}%
\par\nobreak\smallskip\nobreak}
\def\tagsubsection#1{%
\warnIfChanged#1{\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
\xdef#1{\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
\ifWritingAuxFile\immediate\write\auxfile{\noexpand\xdef\noe... |
1,116,691,499,093 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
A \textbf{symplectic foliation} on a manifold $M$ is a (regular) foliation $\mathcal{F}$, endowed with a 2-form
$\omega$ on $T\mathcal{F}$ whose restriction to each leaf $S$ of $\mathcal{F}$ is a symplectic form
\[\omega_{S}\in\Omega^2(S).\]
Equivalently, a symplectic foliation is a Poisso... |
1,116,691,499,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:int}
\par\noindent
\emph{Fundamental diagrams} representing the dependence of the
pedestrian speed on the local density are one of the basic methods in
studying pedestrians dynamics. They contain macroscopic information useful to identify
the key effects affecting the general behavior... |
1,116,691,499,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is widely known that sufficient data volume is necessary for training a successful machine learning algorithm \cite{domingos2012few} for medical image analysis.
Data with high class imbalance or of insufficient variability \cite{shin2016deep} leads to poor classification performance.
This... |
1,116,691,499,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Toric varieties associated to root systems have been considered,
investigated and used in several papers
\cite{CP83}, \cite{VK85}, \cite{Pro90}, \cite{DL94}, \cite{Kly95}, \cite{BJ08}.
The so called crystallographic arrangements are generalizations
of the classical root systems and their Weyl c... |
1,116,691,499,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The rapid integration of sensors technologies, fueled by computational algorithms, creates a unique opportunity for remote health monitoring, long-term fitness tracking, and fall detection. A core task to support these applications is activity recognition. However, differences in sensing platform... |
1,116,691,499,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A grand challenge problem at the forefront of
space physics and astrophysics is to understand how the energy of
turbulent plasma flows and electromagnetic fields is converted into
energy of the plasma particles, either as heat or some other form of
particle energization. Under the typicall... |
1,116,691,499,099 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\subsection{Neutrino astronomy}
Ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrino astronomy at energies above
$10^{17}$~eV is based on new, very efficient methods of neutrino
detection and on exciting theories for neutrino production. The most
interesting range of this astronomy covers ... |
1,116,691,499,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional Stokes interface problem. For simplicity, we describe this problem using the following model. In the model, we consider a bounded domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ that is divided into two subdomains $\Omega_1$ and $\Omega_2$. In each subdomain $\Om... |
1,116,691,499,101 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries and Notation}
\label{sec:1}
In this section, we introduce the basic notation and terminology
which we will use throughout in this paper.
Most of our notation and definitions including those ones
originating from the general theory of stochastic processes and
stochastic analysis are standar... |
1,116,691,499,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
The history of the universe is encoded in the matter and radiation that it contains. Within the current leading paradigm of the early universe all deviations from homogeneity and isotropy today were sourced by quantum fluctuations of some, currently unknown, fields during an init... |
1,116,691,499,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past half century, evolutionary game theory made a series of remarkable advances~\cite{ETG,GTE,BAMS40479}. It has finally matured into a widely accepted research tool in natural and social sciences. The tool effectively promoted development of these disciplines. Compared with the well-mix... |
1,116,691,499,104 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The future linear colliders CLIC \cite{CLIC} and ILC \cite{ILC} are designed for precision measurements in elementary-particle physics, complementing measurements performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) now operating at CERN. Despite significant differences in accelerator technology, as wel... |
1,116,691,499,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Melting, or thermal denaturation of DNA, is the process by which the
two stands of the DNA molecule become fully separated upon an
increase of the temperature \cite{review1,Kafri-2002}. At low
temperatures the strands are partially unbound by forming
fluctuating loops where the two strands are l... |
1,116,691,499,106 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\CC\ is an important molecule in the fields of astronomy, combustion science and materials science. It has often been observed in comets~\citep{1968Mayer-a, 1976Jackson-a, 1983Lambert-a, 1983Johnson-a, 1997Sorkhabi-a, 2003Kaiser-a} and in other astronomical environments such as interstellar clou... |
1,116,691,499,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The opportunities of space experimentation are rare and their waiting time is often very long. For this reason,
other ways of achieving reduced gravity (or simulated reduced gravity) are often used as a replacement. Drop
tower and parabolic flight experiments provide short tim... |
1,116,691,499,108 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A key prediction of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) is that the halo mass function should follow an unbroken power-law with $dN/dM \propto M^{-\alpha}$, where $\alpha=1.9\pm0.1$ from cluster down to planet mass halos \citep{Diemand++08, Springel++08}. CDM models of the distribution and ... |
1,116,691,499,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The evolution of the latest generations of mobile communication systems has been mainly driven by setting highly ambitious, often hard to achieve, goals. Although this maximalistic approach may trigger technological advances, it often comes with inflated requirements in terms of resources to mean... |
1,116,691,499,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There has been a typical problem to define a gravitational action
suffering from divergence in a non-compact space. In spite that several
prescriptions within the concept of reference space have been suggested
so far \cite{gibbons}\cite{brown}\cite{hawking}, those are flawed by
the fact although ... |
1,116,691,499,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{par2}
This paper is focused on the solution of root-finding problems in several variables where the system is composed by algebraic second degree equations. This kind of problems are of interest in many application areas, including queuing problems, neutron transport theory, linear quadra... |
1,116,691,499,112 | arxiv |
\subsection{Layer-Wise Adaptive Model Aggregation}
\textbf{Adaptive Model Aggregation Algorithm} -- We propose FedLAMA, a layer-wise adaptive model aggregation scheme.
Algorithm \ref{alg:fedlama} shows FedLAMA algorithm.
There are two input parameters: $\tau'$ is the base aggregation interval and $\phi$ is the inter... |
1,116,691,499,113 | arxiv |
\subsection{Proving Lemma \ref{lem:non_adaptive_optimum}}
Let us suppose that $G=(U,V,E)$ is a stochastic graph with downward-closed
probing constraints $(\mathcal{C}_v)_{v \in V}$. In order to prove
Lemma \ref{lem:non_adaptive_optimum}, we must show that there exists
an optimal relaxed probing algorithm which is non... |
1,116,691,499,114 | arxiv | \section*{Diffusion of Zwitterion Glycine, Diglycine, and Triglyine in Water}}
{\centering\textbf{Yadav Prasad Kandel and Narayan Prasad Adhikari${^*}$}\\}
{\centering{\it {Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.}\\}}
{\centering {\it{${^*}$ email: npadhikari@tucdp.edu.np}\\}}
\begin{abst... |
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