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1,116,691,499,515 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The exchange bias (EB) effect was extensively investigated over the past 60 years due to its applicability in high-density magnetic recording, giant magnetoresistance and spin valve devices \cite{Dagotto}. It consists in a non-equilibrium phenomenon caused by the uncompensated coupling at the in... |
1,116,691,499,516 | arxiv | \section{\label{introduction} Introduction}
\pst Spin states are usually described by spinors (pure states) or
density matrices associated with a finite-dimensional Hilbert
space. On the other hand, in the tomographic-probability
representation, spin states (qudit states) can be described by
fair probability distr... |
1,116,691,499,517 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
As well-known examples of Leavitt path algebras arise the so-called primary colours. They respectively correspond to the ideal of $L_K(E)$ generated by the set of line points $\mathop{\hbox{\rm P}_{l}}$, the ideal generated by the vertices that lie on cycles without exits $\mat... |
1,116,691,499,518 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let us take three classical particles in $d$-dimensional space with potential depending on mutual distances alone. Assume that all the initial
particle positions lie on the same plane. If initial velocities are chosen parallel to this plane then the motion will be planar: all trajectories
a... |
1,116,691,499,519 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
After more than a decade of continuous improvements in the accuracy of cosmological observations -- which has led to the establishment of a broadly accepted representation of our Universe known as the {\em Concordance Cosmological Model} (CCM) -- we are now entering the epoch of ... |
1,116,691,499,520 | arxiv | \section*{References}}
\usepackage{pifont}
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\n... |
1,116,691,499,521 | arxiv |
\subsection{Abstractions}
We may verify properties of transition systems by considering their abstractions.
An abstraction function that abstracts the configurations of a program induces an abstract transition system in which
each abstract transition corresponds to a concrete transition followed by applying the abst... |
1,116,691,499,522 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Suppose $M$ is a $C^{*}$-algebra and $E$ is a $C^{*}$-correspondence
over $M$ in the sense of \cite{MS98b}. This means, first of all,
that $E$ is a (right) Hilbert $C^{*}$-module, and secondly, that
if $\mathcal{L}(E)$ denotes the space of all bounded adjointable
module maps on $E$, then $E$ bec... |
1,116,691,499,523 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Owing to high mobility and agility, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted communications have been acknowledged promising in enhancing future wireless networks \cite{Valavanis2015Handbook,Zeng2016Wireless,Chen2018Liquid,Zhao2018Integrating,Mozaffari2019Beyond}. Numerous UAV-assisted application... |
1,116,691,499,524 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantisation of the Hall effect was first recognized in 1980 \cite{kvk} and it is understood that
plateaux appear in the off-diagonal component of the magnetoresistance tensor $\rho_{xy}$
whenever the Fermi energy lies in a mobility gap of the electronic density of states. In an ideal
sample... |
1,116,691,499,525 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The popular unification scheme for active galactic nuclei (AGNs)
requires that the observed differences between type 1 and type 2
AGNs arise from the orientation \cite[e.g.,][]{Antonucci, Urry}, and
the basic premise is that all AGNs are fundamentally the same. This
scheme proposes a geometricall... |
1,116,691,499,526 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Any attempt to bridge the gap between quantum and classical physics must be based on the treatment
of a large number of degrees of freedom. This requires the use of the formalism of Quantum Field Theory.
The systematical development in this domain started with the introduction of the interaction ... |
1,116,691,499,527 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In multilayered cuprate superconductors, which have more than three $\rm CuO_{2}$ layers in their unit cells, the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$ takes its highest value when the number of $\rm CuO_{2}$ layers $n$ is 3 \cite{Iyo2007, Chakravarty2004}.
The $T_{\rm c}$ reductio... |
1,116,691,499,528 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro1}
{\bf Background:} The perfect matching problem in a graph $G = (V,E)$ aims to find a subset of edges $E' \subseteq E$, such that the edges of $E'$ are non-adjacent, and each vertex of $V$ belongs to exactly one edge of $E'$. Unfortunately, not every graph admits a perfect... |
1,116,691,499,529 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent experimental demonstrations of small quantum simulations~\cite{OMalley16,Barends15,Langford16} and quantum error correction (QEC)~\cite{Kelly15,Riste15,Corcoles15,Ofek16} position superconducting circuits for targeting quantum supremacy~\cite{Boixo16} and quantum fault tolerance~\cite{Mart... |
1,116,691,499,530 | arxiv | \section{Brief Overview of Blockchain}
Blockchain technology is the underlying mechanism for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin \cite{b2}. Bitcoin, the cryptocurrency introduced in 2009, peaked a record high valuation in the December of 2017 \cite{b1} and created a hype around digital currency. Since the debut of Bitcoin... |
1,116,691,499,531 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Throughout this paper $\C$ is the field of complex numbers,
$K\subseteq \C$ is a subfield of $\C$, $f(x)\in K[x]$ a polynomial
without multiple roots and of degree $n\geq 4$. Let $p\in \mathbf{N}$
be a prime that does not divide $n$ and $q=p^r\in \mathbf{N}$ an
integral power of $p$. We writ... |
1,116,691,499,532 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
The investigation of the in-medium color force between partons is pivotal for understanding
the microscopic mechanisms that lead to the remarkable features of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)
as observed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHICs).
Lattice-QCD (lQCD)... |
1,116,691,499,533 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Processes in low-energy QCD that involve an odd number of (pseudo-)Goldstone bosons
(and possibly photons), which are, therefore, of odd intrinsic parity, are thought
to be governed by the Wess--Zumino--Witten (WZW) term~\cite{WZW} via chiral anomalies.
While the so-called triangle anomaly is ... |
1,116,691,499,534 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays the verification of radiotherapy treatments in most of the hospitals is performed through air or solid state ionization
chambers. These chambers are mechanically displaced to obtain beam profiles. IMRT techniques require detectors able to verify
and to monitor the clinical beams with ... |
1,116,691,499,535 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Sterile neutrinos, namely weak interaction singlets, are compelling
candidates to explain a host of cosmological and astrophysical
phenomena. They could be a suitable warm dark matter
component\cite{dodelson,asaka,shi,kev1,hansen,kev2,kev3,kusenko,kou,dolgovrev,pastor,hannestad,... |
1,116,691,499,536 | arxiv |
\section{System-status chain transition probabilities}\label{Appendix A}
Here we show the calculation of the transition probabilities of the system chain. We use the guide lines in \cite{ephremides1987delay} to simplify things and use also their notions but under our case which state that $r_i=s_i=q_i=p_i$. Due t... |
1,116,691,499,537 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The category \textbf{DeV} of de Vries' compingent algebras \cite{deVries} can be considered among neighbouring categories in a network of Stone-like and Gelfand-like dualities involving the categories \textbf{KHaus} of compact Hausdorff spaces, \textbf{GlSp} of Gleason spaces, \textbf{KrFrm} of... |
1,116,691,499,538 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A time scale (or a measure chain) is an arbitrary nonempty closed subset of the real numbers \cite{Hi}. Typical examples are ${\mathbb R}$, ${\mathbb Z}$, any unions of isolated points and closed intervals, and, finally, discrete sets containing all acumulation points (like the Cantor set). The... |
1,116,691,499,539 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) has achieved a huge empirical success in multiple disciplines (e.g., computer vision~\citep{alexnet,vgg,resnet}, Computer Go~\citep{alphago,alphagozero,darkforest}, and so on). On the other hand, its theoretical properties remain an open problem and an act... |
1,116,691,499,540 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Lieb-Thirring inequality \cite{LT} and its extension by Araki \cite{Ar} are regarded as a
strengthening of the celebrated Golden-Thompson trace inequality, which can be written, as
explicitly stated in \cite{AH}, in terms of log-majorization
\begin{equation}\label{F-1.1}
(A^{1/2}BA^{1/2})^r\... |
1,116,691,499,541 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
Observations of neutrino oscillations have established that lepton flavor is not strictly conserved.
In the context of the Standard Model (SM), however, charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) effects are too small to be observed \cite{CLFV}.
Massive or massless weakly i... |
1,116,691,499,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main result of this paper is the following theorem.
\begin{theorem}\label{THE theorem}
Let $T$ and $T'$ be two length-$n$ reflection factorizations of a Coxeter element of the complex reflection group $G_6$. Then, $T$ and $T'$ are in the same Hurwitz orbit if and only if they have the same ... |
1,116,691,499,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The structure of the QCD ground state is reflected in its observable hadron spectrum.
In vacuum, the formation of quark and gluon condensates leads to the generation
of hadron masses and the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry (SBCS). The latter
induces mass splittings ... |
1,116,691,499,544 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study the decay rate for solutions of the scalar wave equation with spherical symmetric initial data in the Schwarzschild geometry, which is smooth and compactly supported outside the event horizon. We prove that these solutions decay at the rate $t^{-3}$ and $t^{-4}$ for momenta... |
1,116,691,499,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{int}
The random walk in one-dimensional random environment
in Sinai's regime (which we describe
in detail below) is a famous example of a random walk with
`logarithmic speed': after a long time $t$, the random walk is, roughly speaking,
about $(\log{t})^2$ from the origin. In this paper... |
1,116,691,499,546 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}}
The Higgs mechanism~\cite{Higgs} has been introduced into the Standard Model~\cite{Weinberg,Salam,Glashow} to explain electroweak symmetry breaking and the masses of the fundamental particles.
In its simplest form the Standard Model requires a single neutral observable b... |
1,116,691,499,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The behavior of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the gauge theory of the strong interaction,
is determined by the magnitude of its coupling $\alpha_{\rm s}$. It is large at low momentum, characterized here by
$Q \equiv \sqrt{-q^2}$ with $q^2$ the square of momentum transferred in the process of e... |
1,116,691,499,548 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The goal of this paper is to solve the elliptic $N$-body Ruijsenaars
model by the Bethe ansatz method. It was done in~\cite{FeVa96} for
$N=2$, as a special case of the diagonalization
of the transfer matrix of particular highest
weight modules associated to the elliptic quantum group $E_{\ta... |
1,116,691,499,549 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
Let $M$ be a smooth manifold and let $\mbox{$\mathscr{F}$}$ be a codimension one,
$C^\infty$ foliation on $M$, with isolated singularities of Morse type. The study and
classification of pairs $(M,\mbox{$\mathscr{F}$})$ is a challenging (and difficult) problem. In this setting, a classical result due... |
1,116,691,499,550 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the context of the theory of topological graphs and graph drawing,
many interesting questions have been raised concerning the adjacency
structure of a family of curves in the plane or in another surface
\cite{FP10}. In particular, during the past four decades, various
important properti... |
1,116,691,499,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the discovery of carbon molecules such as fullerenes~\cite{fullerene} and nanotubes,~\cite{nanotube} \textit{sp$^2$} carbon network systems have been attracting much attention. In these systems, topological structures of the networks critically control the $\pi$ electronic states and materi... |
1,116,691,499,552 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
\camreadyadd{This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil), PIIC UFES and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Espírito Santo - Br... |
1,116,691,499,553 | arxiv | \section{#1}\indent}
\renewcommand{\a}{\alpha}
\renewcommand{\b}{\beta}
\newcommand{\delta}{\delta}
\newcommand{\mu}{\mu}
\renewcommand{\lambda}{\lambda}
\newcommand{\nu}{\nu}
\renewcommand{\r}{\rho}
\newcommand{\sigma}{\sigma}
\newcommand{\abs}[1]{\left|\,#1\,\right|}
\newcommand{\set}[1]{{\left\{ #1 \right\}}}
\newc... |
1,116,691,499,554 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Many methods in statistics, machine learning, and applied mathematics require the generation of samples from a certain target distribution.
For example, in Bayesian statistics, the most crucial step is to sample from the posterior distribution of the unknown parameters.
In this... |
1,116,691,499,555 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
Compelling evidence for an abundant, non-baryonic, non-luminous (dark) matter component was collected in the last decades \cite{PdG}. Yet, the nature of the dark matter (DM) remains totally unknown, and the quest for an answer ranks as one of the main issues of the experimental ... |
1,116,691,499,556 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
Recent breakthroughs in deep neural networks (DNNs) have motivated an explosive demand for intelligent edge devices. Many of them, such as autonomous vehicles and healthcare wearables, require real-time and on-site learning to enable them to proactively learn from new data and a... |
1,116,691,499,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\bf Introduction:}
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), starting its operation within a
year is expected to probe a new hitherto unexplored domain of
particles and forces beyond the standard model. It can not only
clarify some of the many mysteries of the standard model but also
perhaps provide a gl... |
1,116,691,499,558 | arxiv |
\section*{Highlights}
\begin{itemize}
\item Robust monolithic solver with adaptive under-relaxation and arc-length method.
\item Snap-back behaviour is captured with a phase-field fracture energy-based dissipation constraint.
\item PHT-splines within IGA framework is utilized for adaptive mesh refinement.... |
1,116,691,499,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
This paper introduces an approach based on polynomial interpolation to obtain mathematically rigorous results about existence of solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Our motivation for the present work is threefold. First, we believe that polynomial in... |
1,116,691,499,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:sample1}
With so many applications, tools, and online platforms booming in today's technological era, the amount of data being collected is rapidly increasing. To effectively handle and access this massive amount of data, valuable information extraction tools must be developed. The fet... |
1,116,691,499,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The now retired NASA Kepler Space Telescope is responsible for observations leading to the confirmation of hundreds of multi-planet systems \citep{Lissauer2014, Rowe2014}. Of these systems, as many as six percent are thought to be compact \citep{Wu2019}, containing planets that are much more clo... |
1,116,691,499,562 | arxiv | \section{Adopted forms of the IMF and the CMF}
The IMF is not an observable quantity, but rather an analytical description of the mass distribution among a newly-formed stellar population (Kroupa 2013).
Modern forms of the IMF adopt either a log-normal distribution at low masses and a power-law tail above 1~M$_{\odot}... |
1,116,691,499,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Policy gradient (PG) methods, or more generally direct policy search methods, have long been recognized as one of the foundations of reinforcement learning (RL) \cite{sutton2018reinforcement}. Specifically, PG methods directly search for the optimal policy parameter that maxi... |
1,116,691,499,564 | arxiv |
\section{Trigger strategy in CMS \pbpb\ running \label{sec:hlt_intro}}
The key component in exploiting the CMS capabilities in heavy-ion collisions
is the trigger system, which is crucial in accessing rare probes
such as high $E_T$ jets
and photons, $Z^0$ bosons, $D$ and $B$ mesons, and
high-mass dileptons from the... |
1,116,691,499,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that orthogonal polynomials have a great history and continuing important applications in mathematics, physics and engineering and so on \cite{sze,sim1,sim2,deift,mehta}. Boundary value problems for analytic functions is a living research field with a beautiful and rich theory... |
1,116,691,499,566 | arxiv | \section{Reionization, Reheating, and Feedback}
The Gunn-Peterson limit implies that the IGM was reionized and reheated
by $z\sim5$, by energy released by objects which previously
condensed out of the background and formed stars, AGNs or some other sources.
This exerted a negative feedback on the rate of collapse of ga... |
1,116,691,499,567 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\input{introduction}
\section{Tracker Description}
\label{sec:tracker_description}
\input{tracker_description}
\section{Data Samples}
\label{sec:data_samples}
\input{data_samples}
\section{Tracker Commissioning}
\label{sec:commissioning}
The following two subsections... |
1,116,691,499,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\onehalfspacing
The ability to control physical properties of a material by tuning its bandgap is at the heart of modern electronic devices \cite{Alattas2018}. Studies have found that an energy gap can
be generated in two-dimensional materials, such as a monolayer \cite{Elias2019} or a bilayer ... |
1,116,691,499,569 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Background}
We consider the classical compressed sensing problem of minimizing the cardinality ${\text{card}}(x)$ of an approximate solution to an underdetermined equation system $Ax=b$, i.e. \begin{equation}\label{l0prob}\argmin_{x:~\|Ax-b\|_2<\varepsilon}{\text{car... |
1,116,691,499,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The optimal design problem, devoted to find the minimal energy configurations of a mixture of two conductive materials, has been widely studied since the pioneering papers \cite{KS1,KS2, KS3}. It is well known that, given a container $\Omega$ and prescribing only the volume fraction of the mat... |
1,116,691,499,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Social humans, social robots}
\label{subsec:motivation}
Humans are inherently social beings, spending a great deal of their time establishing a diverse range of social connections. Their social nature is not only demonstrated by their social behavior~\cite{homans197... |
1,116,691,499,572 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro-sec}
The spiral features visible in many galaxies have long been the subject of debate. Although it has been almost a century since the resolution of the ``great debate'' of \cite{SC21}, when it was argued over whether these beautiful spiral structures were nebulae within our galaxy ... |
1,116,691,499,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Extreme value theory deals with stochastic behavior of extreme events, found in the tails of probability distributions, and it finds wide application in environmental sciences. Events such as extreme precipitation and storm wind speed are driven by complex spatio-temporal processes a... |
1,116,691,499,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{P}{ower} system oscillations have been traditionally damped by employing the power system stabilizer (PSS) \cite{PSS1} and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) \color{black} with Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controller \color{black} \cite{STATCOM1}. However, PSS might be inef... |
1,116,691,499,575 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
For dynamical systems with numerical models, data assimilation is an estimation process of combining observational data with a numerical model to obtain an estimate of the system's state. Data assimilation is essential to numerical weather prediction (NWP). The state estimate can be considered as... |
1,116,691,499,576 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given some points in general position, one can ask for the number of varieties of a fixed dimension and fixed number of nodes passing through the points.
We study tropical counts of binodal cubic surfaces over $\mathbb{C}$ and $\mathbb{R}$.
The space $\mathbb{P}^{19}$ parameterizes cubic surfa... |
1,116,691,499,577 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quandle homology \cite{CJKLS} was defined from rack homology \cite{FRS1}
as the quotient by
a subcomplex corresponding to the idempotency, for invariance under the type I Reidemeister move.
Similar subcomplexes have been considered for various identities of racks and moves on diagrams.
Typical... |
1,116,691,499,578 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
The spatial lag model (SLM) has been widely studied in the literature for spatialised data modeling in various disciplines such as geography, economics, demography, regional sciences, etc. This is an extension of the classical linear model that takes into account the proximity of spatial units in mo... |
1,116,691,499,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The expansion of the universe is currently accelerating, and yet we have no compelling explanation of why this is happening unless we are prepared to accept the extraordinary degree of fine tuning associated with the introduction of a cosmological constant. Attempts to further ... |
1,116,691,499,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last couple of decades, the growing world of nanotechnology put
at our disposal several classes of low-dimensional materials.
Particularly interesting examples are two-dimensional (2D) quantum
dots~\cite{qd1,qd2} (QDs), formed at the interface between two
semiconductors. These systems are... |
1,116,691,499,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOM-CC) methods
\cite{Emrich1981,Stanton1993,Piecuch2000,Kucharski2001,Kowalski2004,Hirata2004a,Levchenko2004,Kallay2004,Krylov2008}
and the closely-related CC linear response (CC-LR) theory \cite{Monkhorst1977,Nakatsuji1978_JCP,Mukherjee1979,Monkhorst198... |
1,116,691,499,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{1}
White dwarfs, also known as degenerate dwarfs, are of great interest since early 1900s and were first discovered in triple star system of 40
Edirani \citep{sutherland1972white}. They are typically highly densed stars having mass comparable to the Sun, and diameter 40 to 50 times small... |
1,116,691,499,583 | arxiv | \section*{\sc Exercises}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Exercises}}
\newcommand{\Proof}{\noindent {\sc Proof.\ }}
\newcommand{\Proofof}[2]{\noindent {\sc Proof of #1~\ref{#2}.\ }}
\newcommand{\Notes}{\section*{\sc Notes}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Notes}}
\newcommand{\Remar... |
1,116,691,499,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec:Intro}
Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems have
recently attracted great attention within the research community as well as for
commercial use. FSO systems can provide ultra-high data rates (at the order of multiple
gigabits per second), immunity to electromagnetic
interferen... |
1,116,691,499,585 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors thank Gabriel Stoltz and Tony Leli\`evre for useful suggestions.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 766972 and from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon... |
1,116,691,499,586 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The \emph{Farrell-Jones Conjecture for algebraic $L$-theory} predicts for a
group $G$ and a ring $R$ with involution $r \mapsto \overline{r}$ that
the so called \emph{assembly map}
\begin{eqnarray}
&
\asmb^{G,R}_n \colon H_n^G\bigl(\EGF{G}{{\mathcal{VC}\text{yc}}};{\mat... |
1,116,691,499,587 | arxiv | \section{The tensions}
\label{sec:Intro}
The current concordance cosmological model consisting of a cosmological constant ($\Lambda$) and cold dark matter (CDM) has been remarkably successful in explaining cosmological observables at both high and low redshift \citep{planck15,alam16,Betoule:2014frx, Hildebrandt16,Agha... |
1,116,691,499,588 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
In this work we deal with relativistic models described by a single real scalar field with generalized dynamics in four-dimensional space-time. The study is inspired on the Galileon field, which is a real scalar field that engenders Galilean invariance, that is, if $\pi=\pi(x)$ is real, it is a ... |
1,116,691,499,589 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent paper, \cite{all1}, a model of interaction between political
parties has been proposed. The model describes a decision making
procedure, deducing the time evolution of three so-called \emph{decision
functions} (DFs), one for each part{y} considered in our system.
These functions desc... |
1,116,691,499,590 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Consider the following question from the theory of linear inequalities over the
reals: Given a (finite) system $Ax \leq b$, exactly which linear inequalities
$\langle a,x\rangle \leq \beta$ are \emph{valid}, i.e., satisfied for every
$x$ that satisfies the given system? The answer is given, of... |
1,116,691,499,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathcal{H}$ consists of all complex-valued harmonic mappings $f=h+\bar{g}$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}:=\left\lbrace z\in\mathbb{C}, |z|<1\right\rbrace$, where $h$ and $g$ are analytic mappings. Let $\mathcal{S}_H^0$ be the sub-class of $\mathcal{H}$ consists of all mappings $f$ in the c... |
1,116,691,499,592 | arxiv | \section{Transformers for LEGO}\label{sec:transformers}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[trim={0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm},clip, width=15cm]{figures/transformer_diagram.pdf}
\caption{Illustration of a transformer model applied to LEGO Task 1 on input sentence \texttt{d=-c;\,b=-a;\, c=+b;\, a=+1;}.
... |
1,116,691,499,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recently, in connection with the first positive measurements of the $\Lambda$--hyperon spin polarization~\cite{STAR:2017ckg,Adam:2018ivw}, a lot of interest has been triggered in theoretical studies analyzing the spin polarization and vorticity formation in heavy-ion collisi... |
1,116,691,499,594 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The latest developments in network science have largely contributed to a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of many real-wold complex systems \cite{Barrat08:book,Newman010:book,Boccaletti06:PR}. As a matter of fact, research done during the last 20 years have allowed to take key ... |
1,116,691,499,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Many practical problems in machine learning and data science can be naturally modeled by learning of high-dimensional geometric shapes from a given set of data points. In particular, learning of simplices from sample points arises in many fields ranging from bioinformatics to re... |
1,116,691,499,596 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a notoriously difficult problem to find static solutions of
Einstein's equations coupled to brane sources. Exact solutions can
sometimes be found in supergravity theories in the BPS limit but
little is known for non-supersymmetric compactifications.
Codimension two branes are in this regar... |
1,116,691,499,597 | arxiv |
\subsection*{\textbf{{{Leaking cycle}}s implies no privacy}}
\begin{lemma}
\label{lem:criticalcnec}
A {\dipa} $\mathcal{A} $ is
not differentially private if it has a reachable {{leaking cycle}}.
\end{lemma}
Let $\mathcal{A}= \defaut.$ Assume that $\mathcal{A}$ has a {{leaking cycle}} reachable from the state $\q... |
1,116,691,499,598 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recommender systems aim to discover users' interests and have been extensively employed in various online systems \cite{wang2018billion, ying2018graph}, such as E-commerce platforms, online advertising and social platforms. Despite the success of traditional matrix factorization (MF) models \ci... |
1,116,691,499,599 | arxiv | \section*{A relative notion of algebraic Lie group and applications to
$n$-stacks}
Carlos Simpson\newline
{\small Laboratoire Emile Picard
(UMR 5580 CNRS) \newline
Universit\'e Paul Sabatier\newline
31062 Toulouse CEDEX, France}
\bigskip
Let ${\cal X}$ be the big etale site of schemes over $k={\bf C}$.
If $S$ is a... |
1,116,691,499,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\setcounter{equation}{0}
String theory is thought to be important to
the construction of quantum gravity.
The model that derives from string theory at tree level
in two dimensions
\cite{DEALIK} will be regarded here as a fundamental
field theory of gravity in its own right, and methods of
quantu... |
1,116,691,499,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Binary black hole (BBH) mergers are the most common sources of gravitational waves (GWs) detected by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration \citep{LIGO2019, LIGO2021a, LIGO2021b}.
A variety of formation channels for these merging BBHs have been studied, ranging from isolated binary evo... |
1,116,691,499,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Most recent theories of neutrino oscillations have used a 3x3 S-matrix
approach with three active neutrinos\cite{ahlo01,jo04,hjk11}. Recent
experiments on neutrino oscillations\cite{mini13} have suggested the
existence of at least one sterile neutrino with the mass and mixing angles
used in... |
1,116,691,499,603 | arxiv | \subsection{An optimal basis of master integrals}
It has been shown by Tarasov and Lee~\cite{Tarasov:1996br,Lee:2009dh} that the value of a
Feynman integral in $d$ space-time dimensions can be directly
related to that of the same
integral in $d-2$ or $d+2$ space-time dimensions. This implies that, if all MIs of a giv... |
1,116,691,499,604 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Introduction} Introduction}
The field of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) has seen rapid
progress in the past several years. One of the main reasons for
this is the development of high quality factors optical
micro-cavities with mode volumes that are less than a cubic
wavelength of light~\cit... |
1,116,691,499,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In many statistical applications, and especially in epidemiology and biostatistics, incomplete data arise for a variety of reasons; cf., Eaton and Kariya (1983), Garren and Peddada (2000), Little and Rubin (2002), Peddada, Harris, and Davidov (2010),... |
1,116,691,499,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\la{intro}
In a previous paper \cite{Rahmfeld1}, we argued that the spectrum of
elementary BPS ($N_R=1/2$) states of compactified heterotic strings could be
identified with extremal electrically charged black holes. Further evidence
for this interpretation was supplied in
\cite{Sen2,Peet,Khurimy... |
1,116,691,499,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{src/intro}
\section{Methodology}
\input{ src/method}
\input{ table/main_results2.0}
\section{Experiments}
\input{src/experiments}
\input{ src/result}
\section{Analysis}
\input{ src/analysis}
\section{Related Work}
\input{ src/related}
\section{Conclusion}
\input{ src/conc... |
1,116,691,499,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro_sec}
\noindent
Normal crossings (NC) divisors and varieties are the most basic and important classes
of singular objects in complex algebraic and K\"ahler geometries.
An \sf{NC divisor} in a smooth variety~$X$ is a subvariety~$V$
locally defined by an equation of the form
... |
1,116,691,499,609 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
The advent of large-format CCD mosaic cameras makes it possible to obtain deep imaging of large fractions of the sky. By measuring fluxes through
multiple filters, near-future projects\footnote{E.g., the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time \citep{LSSTS... |
1,116,691,499,610 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
\input{./tex_files/intro.tex}
\section{\label{sec:methods}Methods}
\input{./tex_files/methods.tex}
\section{\label{sec:results}Results and Discussion}
\input{./tex_files/results.tex}
\section{\label{sec:conslusions}Conclusions}
\input{./tex_files/conclusion.tex}
\section*{Conf... |
1,116,691,499,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Andreev's Theorem \cite{AND,AND2} provides a complete characterization of
compact hyperbolic polyhedra having non-obtuse dihedral angles. See also
\cite{ROE2,ROE} for an alternative exposition on the classical proof. Other
approaches to Andreev's Theorem can be found by Rivin and Hodgson \cite... |
1,116,691,499,612 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
In the beginning, \emph{$V$-enriched categories} were defined for $V$ a monoidal category (see for instance \cite{kelly}), showing that the compositional structure of a category could be expressed in settings where the collection $\Hom(a,b)$ of arrows from $a$ to $b$ is not (necessarily) a ... |
1,116,691,499,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
\bg
Many identities that evaluate trigonometric sums in closed form can be found in the literature. For example, in a solution to a problem in SIAM Review \cite[p.157]{klam}, M.
Fisher shows that
\[
\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}\sec^2\left(\frac{k\pi}{2p}\right)
=\frac{2}{3}\left(p^2-1\... |
1,116,691,499,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The behavior of multi-point correlation functions and S-matrix amplitudes at large particle number is of interest for various applications.
At tree-level, there is an $N!$ enhancement of large $N$ $N$-point correlation functions in perturbative quantum field theory as initially studied by Voloshi... |
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