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1,116,691,499,715 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The birth environment of a planetary system---the
size and density of the stellar cluster or association
where the system forms---is thought to have an impact on the nature
of the planetary system. This can occur through external
photoevaporation of the protoplanetary disc, and/or through
st... |
1,116,691,499,716 | arxiv | \section{Discussion and Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
We developed \textbf{CEIP}, a method for reinforcement learning which combines explicit and implicit priors obtained from task-agnostic and task-specific demonstrations. For implicit priors we use normalizing flows. For explicit priors we use a database lookup ... |
1,116,691,499,717 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Electrons injected into chiral molecules like DNA become spin polarized after being transmitted through the molecule.~\cite{Goehler2011,Xie2011,Mishra2020,Naaman2019,Waldeck2021}.
Such a spin-filtering effect has been termed ``chirality-induced spin selectivity" (CISS)~\cit... |
1,116,691,499,718 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We present a study on dissipative effects on neutrino evolution, such as the decoherence and relaxation effects, and their consequences in neutrino oscillations. These effects are obtained when we consider neutrinos as an open quantum system~\cite{ben,ben1,workneut}. In this approach, neutrinos... |
1,116,691,499,719 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Decarbonising the power sector plays a key role in Europe’s ambition to be the first climate-neutral continent by 2050~\cite{EU2019, EU2020}. For the required reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the electricity system, it is crucial to make detailed and transparent emissi... |
1,116,691,499,720 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Early works suggested that the Galactic stellar halo formed in a dissipative collapse of a single protogalactic gas cloud \citep{els}, but in today's prevalent cosmology, galaxies grow hierarchically by accreting smaller structure \citep{white1978, diemand2008, springel2008, klypin2011}.
The arch... |
1,116,691,499,721 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{results}
Let $(M^n,g)$ be a connected Riemannian (= $g$ is positive definite) or pseudo-Riemannian manifold of dimension $n\ge 2$. We say that a metric $\bar g$ on $M^n$ is \emph{geodesically equivalent} to $g$, if every geodesic of $g$ is a (reparametrized) geodesic of $\bar g$. ... |
1,116,691,499,722 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
We consider the local solvability problem for a class of degenerate linear partial differential operators of the form
\begin{equation}
\label{P}
P=\sum_{j=1}^NX_j^*f_jX_j+iX_0+X_{N+1}+a_0,
\end{equation}
where the $X_j=X_j(x,D)$, $0\leq j\leq N+1$, $D=(D_1,...,D_n)=-i(\partial_{x_1},...,\partial_... |
1,116,691,499,723 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved impressive performance on many continuous control tasks~\cite{schulman2015high,lillicrap2015continuous}, and
policy optimization is one of the main workhorses for such applications \cite{duan2016benchmarking,sutton2000policy,schulman2015trust,schulman2017... |
1,116,691,499,724 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is variation in the flavor and aroma of different plantation commodities. For example, in Indonesia, the clove buds from Java has a prominent wooden aroma and sour flavor while those in Bali have a sweet-spicy flavor \cite{Broto}. Arabica coffee from Gayo has a lower acidity and a strong bi... |
1,116,691,499,725 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The advent of high precision cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, such as \emph{Planck} \cite{Planck}, has recently motivated several authors to revisit the theory of cosmological
recombination pioneered by Peebles \cite{Peebles} and Zeldovich et al. \cite{Zeldovich_et_al} in the 1960... |
1,116,691,499,726 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The delayed feedback system of the form
\begin{align}\label{eq:nl}
\dot x = F\Bigl(x, \int_0^{\infty} [d\eta(\tau)] \cdot g\bigl(x(t-\tau),\tau\bigr) \Bigr),
\end{align}
is a model paradigm in biology and physics \citep{monk2003, atay2003, adimy2006, rateitschak2007, eurich2005, meyer2008}. The ... |
1,116,691,499,727 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec_intro}}
We study an equilibrium design problem faced by the decision maker (DM)
(e.g., a government or a policy maker) who can choose the set of feasible
reactions before senders and receivers move in a generalized competitive
signaling model with two-sided matching. We use the term, \t... |
1,116,691,499,728 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
If a singularity is not covered by a black hole horizon, it can be seen by distant observers and is called a naked singularity. The weak ``cosmic censorship'' conjecture states that naked singularities cannot be formed by gravitational collapse with physically reasonable matter \cite{penrose}. A... |
1,116,691,499,729 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{D}{igital} images are subject to a wide variety of degradations, which in most cases can be modeled as
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{Z} = \boldsymbol{D} \mathbf{C} + \mathbf{N},
\label{eq:modelNewI}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{Z}$ is the observation, $\boldsymbol{D}$ is the degradati... |
1,116,691,499,730 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{Author contributions}
J.B.: Developed \& deployed model, analyzed results, wrote manuscript.\\ \setlength\parskip{2pt}
G.B.: Developed idea, approved data, reviewed manuscript.\\
M.C.: Developed idea (medical application), analyzed results, wrote manuscript.\\
M.D.: Data collection \& processing and co... |
1,116,691,499,731 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{thm}{0}
Consider a family of immersions $F:M^n\times [0,T)\to{\mathbb R}^{n+1}$ of $n$-dimensional hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb R}^{n+1}$. We say that $M_t=F_t(M^n)$, $F_t(x)=F(x,t)$, moves by the inverse mean curvature flow if
\begin{equation*}
\frac{\partia... |
1,116,691,499,732 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\ms G=(\ms V,\ms E)$ be a countably infinite connected graph
with uniformly bounded degrees and a distinguished vertex $0\in\ms V$, which we call the root.
For example, $\ms G$ could be the integer lattice $\mbb Z^d$,
any semiregular tessellation/honeycomb of $\mbb R^d$ that includes the
o... |
1,116,691,499,733 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The question of how many images an observer at an event $p$ sees of a
light source with worldline $\gamma$ is equivalent to the question of how
many past-pointing lightlike geodesics from $p$ to $\gamma$ exist. In
spacetimes with many symmetries this question can be ad... |
1,116,691,499,734 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The similarity between
spectral analysis problems in the spatial-angular domain and
in the time-frequency domain has attracted signal processing researchers since the
1970s.
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and frequency identification of sinusoids are examples of such... |
1,116,691,499,735 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mathematical modeling of the hydrodynamic processes in
hydrographic basins is of great interest. The subject is
very rich in practical applications and there is not yet a
satisfactory model to enhance the entire complexity of these
processes. However, there are plenty of performant models
dedic... |
1,116,691,499,736 | arxiv | \section{Supersymmetry of Pleba\'nski-Hacyan geometries}
\label{sec-susy}
We are going to consider configurations whose metric is the direct product of
two 2-dimensional subspaces of constant curvature, the first one parametrized
by the first two (timelike and spacelike) coordinates and the second one
parametriz... |
1,116,691,499,737 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Starburst galaxies (SBGs) are unique sources showing a very intense star formation activity, at a level that can be as high as $\dot{M} \sim 10 \div 100$ $M_{\odot} yr^{-1}$, as discussed by \citet{2004ApJ...606..271G}. Their star forming regions, called starburst nuclei (SBNi), typically extend... |
1,116,691,499,738 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Encoding and decoding are central problems in communication \cite{mackay2003information}.
Compressed sensing (CS) provides a framework that separates encoding and decoding into independent measurement and reconstruction processes \cite{candes2006stable,donoho2006compressed}.
Unlike commonly u... |
1,116,691,499,739 | arxiv | \section{To mention}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sect:introduction}
Complex networks are frequently used to describe evolving, constantly changing objects that consist of elements and complicated functional relations between them. Simplified models were created to study and compare certain network properties. One ... |
1,116,691,499,740 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Entanglement plays a fundamental role in quantum information, being
recognized as the essential resource for quantum computing,
teleportation, and cryptographic protocols. In the framework of
quantum information with continuous variables (CV)
\cite{vLB_rev,Napoli} the possibility of ... |
1,116,691,499,741 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The coupled-cluster (CC) theory is considered to be the gold standard of electronic structure calculations in atoms and molecules~\cite{Kaldor, Nataraj}. It owes the title to its ability to capture electron correlation effects to a much better extent than other well-known many-body a... |
1,116,691,499,742 | arxiv | \section*{Nomenclature}\label{Nomenclature}
The mathematical symbols used throughout this paper are classified below as follows.
\subsection*{Sets}
\begin{description} [\IEEEsetlabelwidth{5000000}\IEEEusemathlabelsep]
\item[${\Psi}^N$] Set of indexes of all nodes of the distribution grid.
\item[${\Psi}^{SS}... |
1,116,691,499,743 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s0}
Intuitively, a binary market is a market in which the stock price process $(S_n)_{n=0}^N$ is an adapted stochastic process with strictly positive values and such
that at time $n$ the stock price evolves from $S_{n-1}$ to either $\alpha_n\, S_{n-1}$ or $\beta_n\, S_{n-1} $, where $\beta_... |
1,116,691,499,744 | arxiv |
\subsection{Deep Learning for Object Detection and Localisation}
Deep learning has been around for a few decades~\cite{fukushima1980neocognitron,giebel1971feature,lecun1989backpropagation}.
After a period of limited use within computer vision, Krizhevsky et al.\ (2012)~\cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet} demonstrated... |
1,116,691,499,745 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION\label{sec:introduction}}
Deep learning encompasses a broad class of machine learning methods that use multiple layers of nonlinear processing units in order to learn multilevel representations for detection or classification tasks~\cite{lecun2015deep,goodfellow2016deep,schmidhuber2015deep,bronstei... |
1,116,691,499,746 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
In a series of influential papers, \cite{Abadie2003}, \cite{Abadie2010}, and \cite{Abadie2015} proposed the Synthetic Control (SC) method as an alternative to estimate treatment effects in comparative case studies when there is only one treated unit. The main idea of the S... |
1,116,691,499,747 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental Material}
\section{Principles of Floquet theory}
\label{suppl:floquet}
Here we formally derive the properties of Floquet theory
used in the main text. We consider the unitary time evolution operator
$U(t_1,t_2)$ and in particular $U(T,0)$.
Any unitary operator such as $U(T,0)$ has an ortho... |
1,116,691,499,748 | arxiv | \section{The two solutions of YM theory within stochastic quantization}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics*[width=0.47\textwidth]{FIGS.DIR/gluonLdse.eps}
\hspace{0.3cm}
\includegraphics*[width=0.47\textwidth]{FIGS.DIR/gluonTdse.eps}\\
\includegraphics*[width=0.5\textwidth]{FIGS.DIR/gluonL.eps}
\includeg... |
1,116,691,499,749 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A long tradition of inquiry seeks sufficient sets of conditions on a linear map $U$ between Banach spaces in order that $U$ preserves the distance of elements in the spaces. The most prominent result along these lines is the Banach--Stone theorem on a linear map on the space $C(Y)$ (resp. $C_{\m... |
1,116,691,499,750 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Molecules in strong laser fields have attracted a great deal of attention in
the past few years. Indeed, strong-field phenomena, such as high-order
harmonic generation, above-threshold ionization, and nonsequential double
ionization, may be used as tools for measuring and even controlling dynami... |
1,116,691,499,751 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Optical wireless communications (OWC), due to its potential for bandwidth-hungry applications, has become a very important area of research~\cite{o2005optical,chan2006free,das2008requirements,Kumar2010Led-based,Elgala2011review,Borah2012review, Gancarz13}. However, some challenges remain, especia... |
1,116,691,499,752 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coalescing compact binaries have been pointed out as the most promising
source of gravitational waves for the LIGO/VIRGO/TAMA/GEO
interferometers\cite{kip:300,Schutz:rev}. These binaries
typically have formed a long time ago, giving them time to radiate
most of their eccentricity away. The templ... |
1,116,691,499,753 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Modern radio interferometric arrays deliver large volumes of data, in order to reach higher sensitivities yielding new science. To reach the full potential of such arrays, estimation of systematic errors in the data and correction for such errors (also called as calibration) is essential. This is... |
1,116,691,499,754 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Many astrophysical flows are highly subsonic. In this regime,
sound waves carry sufficiently little energy that they do not
significantly affect the convective dynamics of the system. In many
of these flows, modeling long-time convective dynamics are of
interest, and numerical... |
1,116,691,499,755 | arxiv | \section{The Model}
\label{S.model}
We consider a one-dimensional system of $2M$ ($M\in\mathbb{N}$)
interacting spin-$1/2$ particles in the presence of a uniform
magnetic field. The interaction is of the isotropic and planar
(XX) Heisenberg form
\begin{equation}
\label{e.hamilton0}
\hat{\cal H}_0{=}-\frac{J}{2}\sum_{... |
1,116,691,499,756 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum many-body systems with a single-particle flat band have
attracted much attention. About twenty years ago Mielke and Tasaki
\cite{mielke,tasakiPRL,tasakiCMP,maksym2012} showed that a
repulsive on-site interaction in flat-band Hubbard systems yields
ferromagnetic ground states. More r... |
1,116,691,499,757 | arxiv | \section{Measurement of the \boldmath{\ensuremath{C\!P}\xspace} asymmetry in \decay{\Bd}{\Kstarz \g} decays} \label{section:corrections}
The \decay{\Bd}{\Kstarz \g} and $\ensuremath{\Bbar^0}\xspace\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\xspace\ensuremath{\Kbar^{*0}}\xspace\gamma$ invariant mass distributions are fitted simultaneousl... |
1,116,691,499,758 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Vernier and Jacobsen{\color{blue}\cite{VJ2012}} considered a number of two-dimensional
lattice models in statistical mechanics for which the bulk free energies have been
calculated exactly and conjectured their surface and corner free energies. They
considered only the rotation-invariant (is... |
1,116,691,499,759 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Anomalous transport properties have been reported in the normal phase of the organic superconductors (TMTSF)$_2$PF$_6$ and (TMTSF)$_2$ClO$_4$, also called Bechgaard salts \cite{DenisJerome1,bechgaard1}, as a function of temperature and applied pressure. These quasi one-dimensional materi... |
1,116,691,499,760 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The stated goal of the relativistic heavy-ion programs at CERN and BNL
is the study of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at
high temperatures and densities and the search for the quark-gluon
plasma (QGP). The discussion of a phase diagram requires thermodynamic
lang... |
1,116,691,499,761 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The assumption that the sources of breaking of the flavour symmetry
present in the standard model (SM) Lagrangian determine completely the
structure of flavour symmetry breaking also beyond the SM, is commonly
referred to as the Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV)
hypothesis~\cite{M... |
1,116,691,499,762 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability results from a wide array of velocity-shear profiles
in a continuous fluid, or across the interface between two
distinct fluids. The instability is ubiquitous in nature, playing
important roles in meteorology, oceanography, and engineering.
... |
1,116,691,499,763 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently Li and coworkers \cite{Li-PRL-07} reported new results on transport
properties of the stripe phase in La$_{\text{1.875}}$Ba$_{\text{0.125}}$CuO$%
_{\text{4}}$. They found that 2-dimensional superconducting (SC)
fluctuations appear at an onset temperature
T$_{\text{c}}^{\text{2D}}$(=42K)... |
1,116,691,499,764 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Accreting white dwarfs (WDs) become transient, intermittent, and persistent
supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) depending on the mass-accretion rate. We find
various phenomena for wide ranges of time-scales and wavelength.
In this paper I will review when and how the supersoft X-rays emerge from ... |
1,116,691,499,765 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of perturbative probes of the quark-gluon plasma, and QCD jets in particular, is currently in its golden age with the development of jet reconstruction techniques for heavy-ion collisions at LHC and RHIC, see e.g. \cite{Muller:2012zq,Spousta:2013aaa,Armesto:2015ioy} a... |
1,116,691,499,766 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper is concerned with the problem of finding free quotients of
finitely generated groups in which non-conjugate elements have
non-conjugate images. Given a finitely generated group $G$ which is
not a limit group, there is a finite collection of limit group
quotients $G\twoheadrightarrow L... |
1,116,691,499,767 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} Recently, the L3 collaboration reported
\cite{1} the observation of high-mass $\gamma\gamma$ pairs in the
reactions $e^+ e^- \rightarrow l \overline{l} + \gamma\gamma$ in the
$Z^0$ resonance region; in particular, four such events were reported
with the invariant $\gamma\gamma$ mass near 60 GeV f... |
1,116,691,499,768 | arxiv |
\section*{\hfil Appendix \label{appendix} \hfil}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\currentname}
\let\Osubsection\subsection
\renewcommand{\section}[1]{\stepcounter{section}
\Osubsection*{A.\arabic{section}.~~{#1}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{\currentname}}%
\let\Osubsubsection\subsubsection
\renewcommand{\subse... |
1,116,691,499,769 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors wish to thank Ericsson for providing the aggregated phone activity records. We also thank Zsófia Kallus at Ericsson Research for stimulating discussions. We further thank Ericsson, MIT SMART Program, Accenture, Air Liquide, BBVA, The Coca Cola Company, Emirates Integrated Telecom... |
1,116,691,499,770 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that every finite graph $G=(V,E)$ has an {\em external partition}, i.e., a splitting of $V$ into two parts such that each vertex has at least half of its neighbors in the other part. This is, e.g., true for $G$'s max-cut partition. Much less is known about the {\em internal part... |
1,116,691,499,771 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravitational-wave radiometry is a technique by which two or more detectors are cross-correlated in order to identify signals in the form of excess coherence~\cite{radiometer,radio_method}.
It is especially well-suited to situations where it is either impossible or impractical to carry out a matc... |
1,116,691,499,772 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Evolution is naturally a multiscale phenomenon~\citep{Keller,Metz_mdl}. The choice of right scale to describe a particular problem has as much art as science. For some populations
(e.g, with non overlapping generations) a discrete time provides adequate description; for differe... |
1,116,691,499,773 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological insulator (TI) – superconductor (S) hybrids are potential systems for realizing p-wave superconductivity and hosting Majorana zero-energy states \cite{Read2000,Kitaev2001,Ivanov2001,Fu2008,Nilsson2008,Tanaka2009,Stanescu2010,Potter2011}. The common singlet s-wave pairing from a nearb... |
1,116,691,499,774 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The statistical properties of the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
show remarkable consistency with the paradigm of early universe inflation.
But a number of troubling anomalies persist, including the large cold spot,
the quadrupole--octupole alignment, and a hemispheric... |
1,116,691,499,775 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Studying the dynamics of complex systems is relevant in many scientific fields, from meteorology \cite{santhanam:statistics} over geophysics \cite{marwan:cross} to economics \cite{plerou:universal} and neuroscience \cite{pereda:nonlinear, zhou:hierarchical}. In many cases, this complex dynamics ... |
1,116,691,499,776 | arxiv |
\section*{Supplementary Information}
\setcounter{figure}{4}
\textbf{Chip fabrication and {single photon} characterization} - Waveguides were micromachined in borosilicate glass {substrate (Corning EAGLE2000)} using a cavity-dumped Yb:KYW mode-locked oscillator, which delivers $300 fs$ pulses at $1 MHz$ repetition rat... |
1,116,691,499,777 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study the Rees algebra $\,\mathcal{R}(E)\,$ and the fiber cone $\,\mathcal{F}(E)\,$ of a finitely generated $R$-module $E$, where $R$ is either a Noetherian local ring or a standard graded ring. The Rees algebra $\,\mathcal{R}(E)\,$ is defined as the symmetric algebra $\,\ma... |
1,116,691,499,778 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Emission line images of star forming regions often reveal spectacular collimated,
supersonic jets that emerge along the rotation axes of protostellar accretion disks
\citep[see][for reviews]{rb01,ray06}.
The jets break up into knots which form multiple bow shocks as faster
material overtakes slo... |
1,116,691,499,779 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the dynamics of small-size tracer particles or of a
passive field transported by an incompressible turbulent flow plays an
important role in the description of several natural and industrial
phenomena. For instance it is well known that turbulence has the
property to induce an eff... |
1,116,691,499,780 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Computer generation of stories and other kinds of creative writing is a challenging endeavor. It entangles two difficult tasks: the generation of fluent natural language and the generation of a coherent storyline. In the recent year, neural language models have made tremendous progress with resp... |
1,116,691,499,781 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The study of the Kaon-nucleon interaction has triggered several experiments and theoretical calculations in the last two decades. From an experimental point of view, the kaon production has been investigated at intermediate energies ($\mathrm{E_{kin}= 1-4GeV}$) for heavy ion collisi... |
1,116,691,499,782 | arxiv | \section{Notations and definitions}
\begin{definition}
We use notations inspired by the paper \cite{and}.
\begin{enumerate}
\item Let $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{A}$ be two disjoint alphabets
for distinguishing the $\lambda$-variables and $\mu$-variables
respectively. We code deductions by using a set of terms
$\mat... |
1,116,691,499,783 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we address the nature of spectral measure for generalized Anderson type models with single site potentials of higher rank or a constant randomness over several neighboring collection of sites . The basic setup of the problem is the following. We have a self adjoint operator $A$ on s... |
1,116,691,499,784 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The increasing availability of modern genetic data offers the possibility of learning more than ever before about the processes which generated it, for example the details of demographic change. However, for stochastic models that incorporate a high level of detail, it is impractically costly to... |
1,116,691,499,785 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgement}
\label{sec:acknowledgement}
We would like to thank Zafiirah Hosenie for insightful discussions on the Machine Learning model building and training process. We also thank colleagues Boris Leistedt and George Kyriacou for providing feedback and discussing this work during a presentation. A.M is... |
1,116,691,499,786 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The area of quantum information and
computation~\cite{NielsenChuang,Hayashi,HolevoBOOK,RMP,HayashiINTRO}
is one of the fastest growing fields. Understanding how quantum
information is transmitted is necessary not only for the
development of a future quantum
Internet~\cite{Kimble2008,HybridINTERN... |
1,116,691,499,787 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let ${\mathbb K}$ be an algebraically closed field
of characteristic zero.
A first aim of this paper is to
determine all finitely generated factorial
${\mathbb K}$-algebras $R$ with an effective complexity
one multigrading
$R = \oplus_{u \in M} R_u$ satisfying $R_0 = {\mathbb K}$;
here eff... |
1,116,691,499,788 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), the abrupt decline in kidney function due to temporary or permanent injury, is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, length of stay, and hospital cost~\cite{chertow2005MortLOSCost}. There exist a variety of preventative strategies~\cite{lameire2008preventio... |
1,116,691,499,789 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intr}}
The theory of General Relativity (GR) and its surrounding paradigm are unmatched for predictive success. Not even quantum field theory can boast agreement with experiment over such a vast range of scales \cite{Baker:2014zba}. Perhaps a victim of its own success, theorists have gr... |
1,116,691,499,790 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $\hbox{\bbbld C}^n$ with the canonical
K\" ahler form $\beta= dd^c\|z\|^2$, where $d= \partial + \bar{\partial}$,
$d^c=i(\bar{\partial}- \partial)$. For $1\leq m\leq n$, we denote $\hbox{\bbbld C}_{(1,1)}$
the space of $(... |
1,116,691,499,791 | arxiv | \section{The toggling frame}
\label{supp-mat-sec:SI-rotating-frame}
\noindent We consider a master equation for the joint state $\rho(t)$ of a driven qubit, a quantum environment, a cavity mode, and a quasi-continuum of transmission-line modes coupled to the cavity input and output ports, evolving via a time-dependent ... |
1,116,691,499,792 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a group. A subset $S$ of $G$ is \emph{product-free} if
there do not exist $a,b,c \in S$ (not necessarily distinct\footnote{In some
sources, one does require $a \neq b$. For instance, as noted in
\cite{guiduci-hart}, I mistakenly assumed this in
\cite[Theorem~3]{kedlaya-amm}.})
such t... |
1,116,691,499,793 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Clustering sets out to find groups for subjects based on several different
characteristics (variables) with no subgroup labels other than the
observed information. Ideal clustering memberships achieve the target
such that subjects within a cluster are considered to be similar for
the given... |
1,116,691,499,794 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Degree sum condition for graphs with high connectivity to be Hamiltonian}
\label{intro}
In this paper,
we consider only finite undirected graphs
without loops or multiple edges.
For standard graph-theoretic terminology not explained,
we refer the reader to \cite{Bondybook}.
A \text... |
1,116,691,499,795 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgments}
This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation award IIS-1723943. We thank Brandon Araki and Kiran Vodrahalli for valuable discussions and helpful suggestions. We would also like to thank Kasper Green Larsen, Alexander Mathiasen, and Allan Gronlund for pointing out a... |
1,116,691,499,796 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $R$ be a ring. If $R$ has a unit element $1_R$, then the number $$\ch R := \min\lbrace
n\in\mathbb N \mid n1_R = 0\rbrace = \min\lbrace
n\in\mathbb N \mid na = 0 \text{ for all } a\in R\rbrace$$ is called the \textit{characteristic} of $R$.
(As usual, if $n1_R \ne 0$ for all $n\in\mathbb N... |
1,116,691,499,797 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The geometric rigidity estimate for gradient fields proved in~\cite{FJM} plays a crucial role in nonlinear elasticity theory. However, in the study of lattices with dislocations, a geometric rigidity estimate for incompatible fields (i.e., fields not arising from gradients) becomes necessary (cf... |
1,116,691,499,798 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}
Both the black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon are described by
the so-called ``fluid'' metric which is characterized by the ``velocity'' field ${\bf v}$ \cite{Visser2005}:
\begin{equation}
ds^2=g_{\mu\nu}x^\mu x_\nu= -dt^2 + \left(d {\bf r}- {\bf v}dt... |
1,116,691,499,799 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Medical professionals are faced with a large amount of textual patient information every day. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) aim to help clinicians in the process of decision-making based on such data. We specifically look at a subtask of CDSS, namely the prediction of clinical diagnos... |
1,116,691,499,800 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\text{Th}e Internet of \text{Th}ings (IoT) refers to the idea of connecting everyday objects to the Internet, enabling them to send and receive data. \text{Th}ere is a wide range of applications for IoT in the areas of smart cities, asset tracking, smart agriculture, health monitoring and so on... |
1,116,691,499,801 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The effect of channel coupling, that is,
couplings of the relative motion
between the colliding nuclei to their intrinsic motions as well as
transfer reactions, have been well known
in heavy-ion collisions around the Coulomb barrier.
In heavy-ion fusion reactions at sub-barrier energies, the... |
1,116,691,499,802 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Calogero-Moser models \cite{models}\ are completely-integrable,
Hamiltonian systems describing (non-relativistic) particle dynamics with
pairwise interaction potentials of the form $1/x^2$, $1/\sin^2\!x$,
$1/\sinh^2\!x$
(and in general the Weierstrass $\wp$ functions).
The models are rath... |
1,116,691,499,803 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{Introduction}
ATLAS (A Toroidal Lhc ApparatuS)~\cite{ATLAS} is one of the four major experiments at the forthcoming LHC (Large Hadron Collider), in which protons will collide at a center of mass energy of 14 TeV. It consists of three main sub-systems: the Inner Detector (ID), the Calorimet... |
1,116,691,499,804 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{W}{ireless} power transfer has received a considerable attention in recent years. Radio frequency (RF) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) was proposed as a technique to transmit information and harvest energy by converting energy from an electromagnetic fie... |
1,116,691,499,805 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of uncertainty, advocated initially by Heisenberg \cite{Heisenberg1927}, is one of the most peculiar features in quantum theory.
Much study has been devoted to proper understandings of uncertainty to demonstrate that it has two aspects: {\it preparation uncertainty} and {\it measurem... |
1,116,691,499,806 | arxiv | \section{1. Introduction}
\begin{table}[!b]
\caption{Networks Terminology and Notation}
\centering
\small
\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l |}
\hline
Term & Notation & Description \\
\hline
\hline
adjacency matrix & $A$ & A square matrix whose elements $A_{ij}$ have a value\\
& & different from 0 if there is an edge fro... |
1,116,691,499,807 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The distribution of satellite galaxies around the Milky Way (MW) is highly anisotropic: they align in a narrow plane perpendicular to the Galactic disc \citep{LyndenBell1976,Kroupa2005}.
Many globular clusters and streams in the MW halo are part of the same structure, which has been termed the v... |
1,116,691,499,808 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the era of big data, advanced machine learning techniques enable accurate data analytic for various application domains. This has incentivized commercial access to machine learning models by third-party users, e.g., machine learning as a service provided by data giants, such as Google and Amaz... |
1,116,691,499,809 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Quantum Computing has generated re-newed interest in theory and practice of Quantum Mechanics.
This is largely due to the fact that quantum computers can solve certain problems much faster than classical computers \citep{dj, shor, grover}.
Many efforts are being made to realize ... |
1,116,691,499,810 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Random graphs are mathematical models commonly used to study real-world networks such as the World-Wide Web, social, financial, neural, and biological networks.
Many real-world networks exhibit the following two properties:
\begin{itemize}
\item \emph{The small-world property:} distances wi... |
1,116,691,499,811 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Consider a sequence of probability measures $\{\eta_{l}\}_{l\geq 0}$ on a common measurable
space $(E,\mathcal{E})$; we assume that the probabilities have common dominating
finite-measure $du$ and write the densities w.r.t.~$du$ as $\eta_l=\eta_l(u)$. In particular, for some kn... |
1,116,691,499,812 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We study two natural budgeted edge covering problems in undirected
simple graphs with integral weights on vertices.
The budget is given either as a bound on the number of edges to be
covered or as a bound on the total
weight of the vertices. We say that an edge $e$ is \textit{to... |
1,116,691,499,813 | arxiv | \section{General}
This dataset release accompanies \newcite{Pinter2016} which describes the motivation and grammatical theory\footnote{This dataset is presented there in section 3.3.}. Please cite that paper when referencing the dataset.
The dataset may be accessed via the Yahoo Webscope homepage\footnote{\url{http:/... |
1,116,691,499,814 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We consider a power law model of non-Newtonian fluid in $\Bbb{R}^3$
\begin{equation}\label{NNFE}
\left\{ \aligned &
- \vect{A}_p(u) + (u \cdot \nabla) u = - \nabla \uppi \quad \mbox{in} \quad \Bbb{R}^3,\\
&\quad\mathrm{div}\, u = 0,
\endaligned \right.
\end{equation}
where $u = (u_1(x), u_2(x), u... |
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