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1,116,691,499,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ultrapower construction for II$_1$ factors,
originally introduced in \cite{Wr54, Sa62}, first came to prominence following McDuff's work \cite{MD69c}. It has since played a fundamental role in the study of von Neumann algebras. In particular, the analysis of ultrapowers of II$_1$ factors was ... |
1,116,691,499,616 | arxiv |
\section{Further Work}
\label{sec:conclusion}
There are two avenues that may be followed. One extends the encoding
to the full language of mixed sessions, by taking into consideration
the axioms in the reduction relation that match $\Keyword{lin}$ choices against
$\Keyword{un}$ choices. The other pursues semantic
pre... |
1,116,691,499,617 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
The maximum likelihood estimate is a fundamental problem in statistics. Maximum likelihood degree is the number of potential solutions to the maximum likelihood estimation problem on a projective variety. When the variety is smooth, Huh \cite{Hu} showed that the Maximum likelihood degree is indee... |
1,116,691,499,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The compute resources required to train state of the art (SOTA) machine/deep learning/artificial intelligence (ML/DL/AI) models is increasing at a `super-Moore' rate - doubling every 3.5 months \cite{Openai}, massively increasing the amount of energy required to generate these models \cite{Strube... |
1,116,691,499,619 | arxiv | \section*{Value of the Data}
\begin{itemize}
\itemsep=0pt
\parsep=0pt
\item The role of women within the society has increased in importance and the way we approach and refer to them is crucial. Misogyny is a form of discrimination towards women and has been spreading exponentially through
the Web. A popular communic... |
1,116,691,499,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In classical mechanics \cite{1} the velocity $\mathbf{v}\left(
t\right)$ of a material point is defined as
\begin{equation}
\label{1}\mathbf{v}\left(t\right) =\frac{d\mathbf{x}\left(
t\right)}{dt},
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{x}\left(t\right)$ is the trajectory function of the
moving ... |
1,116,691,499,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The majority of known transiting gas giants are hot Jupiters; they orbit their host star with periods of less than ten days. The extended atmospheres of hot Jupiters are ideal for atmospheric studies and understanding their composition (e.g. \citealt{madhusudhan_2014a,sing_2016,wyttenbach_2017... |
1,116,691,499,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper consists of three successively more concrete parts, logically forming a progression. The first, purely model theoretic, constructs a canonical geometry associated
with any first-order theory. This `core space' was introduced in \cite{patterns}; here we recast it in a `loc... |
1,116,691,499,623 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Lemma~\ref{lemma:product_gaussians}}
First, recall Bernstein's lemma.
Let $X_1, ..., X_p$ be zero-mean independent r.v.s
satisfying the Orlicz norm bound $\norm{X_i}_{\psi_1} \leq K$.
Then as long as $p \geq 2 \log(1/\delta)$, with probability at least $1-\delta$,
\begin{align*}
\sum_{i=1}^{p} X_i \... |
1,116,691,499,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we show how to get rid of some unnatural features of
Lagrangean mechanics, such as multivaluedness and neglecting
total divergences. There is almost nothing new: we simply consider
Hamilton--Jacobi equation and its characteristics. The only point is
in introducing, instead of $M\ti... |
1,116,691,499,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism \cite{Blandford1977} is believed to be
one of most efficient ways to extract rotation energy from spinning black holes (BHs),
which operates in BH systems on all mass scales, from the stellar-mass BHs of gamma-ray
bursts to the supermassive BHs of active galac... |
1,116,691,499,626 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Mollison has introduced in \cite{Mo1}, \cite{Mo2} a stochastic spatial general
epidemic model on $\Z^d$,
describing the evolution of individuals submitted to infection by contact
contamination of infected neighbors. More precisely, each site of $\Z^d$
can be healthy, infe... |
1,116,691,499,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past decades, two major theories have allowed many breakthroughs in the understanding of surface group representations.
On one side, non-abelian Hodge theory gives a bijective correspondence between conjugacy classes of representations of the fundamental group of a closed Riemann surfac... |
1,116,691,499,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Kundt spacetimes \cite{KundtSpacetimes,ExactSolutions,GenKundt}, have been seen to form an important class of spacetimes for the study of scalar curvature invariants on Lorentzian manifolds. In \cite{CharBySpi} and \cite{SCPI} the authors identified a large subclass, the degenerate Kundt spacetim... |
1,116,691,499,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Betatron x-ray sources \cite{PRL2004Rousse,Corde2013} from laser-plasma interaction have the potential to become invaluable tools to reveal ultrafast dynamics at the atomic scale length. In particular, their broadband spectrum and femtosecond duration are ideal features for femtosecond (fs) x-ra... |
1,116,691,499,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Need for interpretability}
Many metrics have been developed to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) systems. In the case of supervised systems, these metrics compare the output of the algorithm to a ground truth, in order to evaluate its ability to re... |
1,116,691,499,631 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The basic mechanism underlying the activity of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is the accretion of matter onto the central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of mass $M_{\rm BH}\sim10^{5}-10^{10} M_{\rm \odot}$. AGN are the most luminous ($10^{41}-10^{47}$erg~s$^{-1}$) persistent sources of electromag... |
1,116,691,499,632 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\sect{Introduction\label{intro}}
One of the aims of this paper is to introduce ${{\bf Z}_2}$ graded versions of
Drinfeld's quasi-Hopf algebras \cite{Dri90}, which are referred to as
quasi-Hopf superalgebras. We then introduce elliptic quantum
... |
1,116,691,499,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we investigate how much of the theory of the Tutte polynomial $T_G(x,y)$ \cite{tutte2}, which is a large and important branch of graph and matroid theory, can be generalized to hypergraphs and polymatroids. We will see that some of the basic definitions carry over in a new and inte... |
1,116,691,499,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
Superconductors described by multi-component order parameters have drawn a lot of attention over the last few decades\cite{tanaka_multicomponent_2015-1, lin_ground_2014,milosper}. They exhibit many interesting properties that are not possible in the conventional single-component su... |
1,116,691,499,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Higgs boson discovered at the LHC~\cite{Aad:2012tfa,Chatrchyan:2012ufa} beautifully fits into the Standard Model (SM) predictions so far~\cite{CMS:yva}. The determination of its mass~\cite{Agashe:2014kda}
\al{
M_H
&= 125.7\pm0.4\ensuremath{\,\text{GeV} }
}
completes the list of the SM parame... |
1,116,691,499,636 | arxiv |
\section{Appendix}
\subsection{Calculation of the parameter, $ c $}\label{sec:c_value}
We want to consider initial conditions for which the first state value does not lie on $ SO(3) $. To exactly verify the existence of such $ R(0) $ values, we need to evaluate the value of $ c $ in $ \tilde{V}^{-1}([0, c]) $ of \cre... |
1,116,691,499,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $ S^p\mathbb{R}^n \subset (\mathbb{R}^n)^{\otimes p}$ denote the space of order $p$ symmetric tensors of format $n\times \ldots \times n$ and let $\mathcal{V}_{n,p}\subset S^p\mathbb{R}^n$ denote the set of symmetric rank-1 tensors, also called the \emph{Veronese variety}. In application orie... |
1,116,691,499,638 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation (SdHO) in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a manifestation of Landau quantization, $E_N = (N+1/2) \hbar \omega_\mathrm{c}$, in the magnetoresistance \cite{Ishihara86}. The oscillation is periodic in $1/B$, and damps with decreasing magnetic fields since t... |
1,116,691,499,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Scattering by black holes (BH) have been studied intensively since the pioneer work of Matzner, in 1968 \cite{Matzner1968}. There have been a lot of works using different approaches. One of them uses the complex angular momentum (CAM) theory, the $S$-matrix formalism and the associated Regge pol... |
1,116,691,499,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{introduction}}
Superthermal particles in laboratory, space and astrophysical
plasmas are often modeled by a $\kappa$-type distribution function
(df) \cite{Vasyliunas1968,Sultana2010}. The superthermality
parameter $\kappa$ measures the deviation from a Maxwellian
distribution (the la... |
1,116,691,499,641 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
State transfer between different units of a quantum computer or
entanglement distribution between two parties require quantum communication
channels~\cite{kn:nielsen-chuang,kn:benenti-casati-strini}. They are
quantum systems transferring quantum information: the proper quantity
to characteriz... |
1,116,691,499,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The determination of the equation of state (EoS) of compact star (CS) interiors is a subject of active research by means of both laboratory measurements and astronomical observations.
One of the most urgent questions concerns the possible existence of deconfined quark matter in CS cores, where ... |
1,116,691,499,643 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} relationship between conditional entropy (equivocation) or mutual information, and best possible quality of decoding is an important concept in information theory. The best possible quality of a decoding scheme, when quantified by the minimal probability of error $\epsilon$... |
1,116,691,499,644 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A standard model of cosmology is developed, in which the universe
consists of $4\%$ ordinary baryonic matter, $\sim 23\%$ dark matter
(DM), $\sim 73\%$ dark energy, and a tiny abundance of relic neutrinos
\cite{2011ApJS..192...18K}. The nature of DM particle remains a mystery.
One of the leading... |
1,116,691,499,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Magnetic reconnection is the process by which magnetic energy is converted to plasma energy via a rapid topological rearrangement of magnetic-field lines \citep{zy09,ykj10,lu16}. It is usually preceded by a slow phase in which magnetic flux is accumulated in an increasing... |
1,116,691,499,646 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus
.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus
.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\@addtoreset{equation}{section}
\makeatother
\title{\empty}
\author{\empty}
\date{\empty}
... |
1,116,691,499,647 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a recent article \cite{Frydel18b} we studied a one-dimensional lattice gas model of penetrable
particles and demonstrated that a two-component system (where particles of the same species repel
and those of opposite species attract each other) becomes thermodynamically unstable, where the
... |
1,116,691,499,648 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{1}
\medskip
Let's $B$ a continuous body undergoing a thermomechanical transformation, whose evolution in the spacetime is ruled by the system of balance laws
\begin{equation}
\label{6}
U_{\beta,t} + U_{\beta,j}v_{j}+\Phi^\beta_{k,k}=r_\beta,\,\,\,\,\, \beta= 1\dots \omega,
\end... |
1,116,691,499,649 | arxiv | \section{Physical density vs. density of composite fermions}
\label{Supplementary1}
In this section we write down explicit expressions for the physical densities $\rho_{\eta}$ in terms of the densities of composite fermions.
The decoupling of the left and right-movers in the quadratic Hamiltonian $H^{(2)}$ (see Eq.... |
1,116,691,499,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One-dimensional quantum systems are generically more strongly correlated than their higher-dimensional counterparts, due to the inevitability of collisions when particles cross each other. The one-dimensional Bose gas with contact interactions, known as the Lieb-Liniger model, is the paradigm o... |
1,116,691,499,651 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, let $\mathbb{Z}$ be the whole integer, $\mathbb{C}$ be the whole complex number, $i:=\sqrt{-1}$ be the imaginary unit, $\tau\in\mathbb{C}$ be the complex number $\mathrm{Im}(\tau)>0$, and $q:=e^{2\pi i\tau}$.
We define the $q$-shifted factorials and Jacobi theta functions ... |
1,116,691,499,652 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\mbox{\subfloat { \includegraphics[clip,trim=0cm 3.5cm 0cm 3.5cm ,width=8cm]{./figures/Overview_new.pdf}}}\hspace{0.6cm}%
\caption{Schematic diagram of the proposed method.}
\label{fig:overall}
\end{figure}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDRI) is a photo... |
1,116,691,499,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Designing an intelligent dialog system that not only matches or surpasses a human’s level on carrying out an interactive conversation, but also answers the questions on a variety of topics, i.e., ranging from recent news about NASA to a biography of a famous political leader, has be... |
1,116,691,499,654 | arxiv |
\subsection{Background and Motivation}
\begin{figure*}[th]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{hypercskg}
\caption{\textbf{A motivating example of how DrFact works for OpenCSR.} We model the knowledge corpus as a hypergraph consisting of \textit{concepts} in $\mathcal{V}$ as \textit{nodes} and \text... |
1,116,691,499,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro
Let us consider functions $f:R\mapsto\mathbb R^+$ where $R$ is an
interval of $\mathbb R$. In what follows, $R$ is the real line
$\mathbb R$ or the semi-axis $\mathbb R^+=[0,\infty)$. We also
assume that the function $f$ is locally summable on $R$, i.e. it is
summable on each b... |
1,116,691,499,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological superconductor (TSC), which holds Majorana fermions \cite{Wilczek2009NP,Service2011Science,Alicea2012RPP,Beenakker2013ARCMP,Elliott2015RMP} and provides a platform for topological quantum computation \cite{Kitaev2003,Nayak2008RMP,Akhmerov2010PRB,Sarma2015Majorana,Zhang2018TQC}, is on... |
1,116,691,499,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} The stochastic order for random variables $X,Y$ from a
probability measure space $(M,P)$ to $\R$ is defined by $X\leq Y$ if $P(X>t)\leq P(Y>t)$ for all $t\in \R$. This notion
extends directly to random variables into $\R^n$ equipped with the coordinatewise order. Alternatively one can defin... |
1,116,691,499,658 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
We study the construction of robust preconditioners for the
high-contrast biharmonic plate equation (also referred as the
biharmonic equation). The aim is to achieve robustness with respect
to the contrast size and the mesh size simultaneously, which we call
as $m$- and $h$-robustness, respectiv... |
1,116,691,499,659 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
White dwarfs are very well-known compact objects with typical values of mass around a solar mass and the size of the Earth. Composed mainly by carbon, they counteract the gravitational pull by means of the pressure of the degenerate electron gas while the carbon nuclei are the principal contrib... |
1,116,691,499,660 | arxiv |
\section{Appendix}
\subsection{Proof of Lemma \ref{lemma:update-eqn}}\label{sec:pf:lemma:update-eqn}
\input{lemma_update_eqn_proof}
\subsection{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm:x_tilde}}\label{sec:pf:thm:x_tilde}
\input{thm_xtilde_proof}
\iftr
\subsection{An Illustrative Example}\label{sec:example1by2}
\input{example1by2}... |
1,116,691,499,661 | arxiv | \section*{Methods}
\subsection*{Experimental Setup}
Optical studies of single $Ce^{3+}$ ions were performed in a home-built confocal microscope in which the crystal was mounted on a cold finger of a helium flow cryostat. An optical access was arranged through a window. The microscope objective lens of NA 0.95 was mou... |
1,116,691,499,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
\subsection{Overview}
\label{subsection:overview}
We work over the complex numbers $\mathbb{C}$.
The main result of this paper, \autoref{theorem:very-general-VHS}, is that an
analytically very general $n$-pointed curve of genus $g$
(defined in \autoref{definition:ge... |
1,116,691,499,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Computational models for generating audio signals are a means of exploring and understanding our perception of sound. Natural sounds, defined here as everyday non-music, non-speech sounds, are an appealing medium with which to study perception since they exclude cognitive factors such as language... |
1,116,691,499,664 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: physics goals}
The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a mature proposal for the next major high energy accelerator after the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The ILC Technical Design Report (TDR) \cite{Behnke:2013xla,Baer:2013cma,Phinney:2007gp,Behnke:2013lya} demonstrates that the accelerator p... |
1,116,691,499,665 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Perturbation theory would be the first option to perform analytic calculation in many fields of physics.
However, the usual perturbation theory cannot capture nonperturbative nature of models because a perturbation series is not a convergent series but just an asymptotic series.
To address the pr... |
1,116,691,499,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum error correcting codes have played a crucial role in
quantum complexity theory
(see, e.g., \cite{Got2,Got3,BC, BCG})
and their study is a vastly growing field
(see, e.g.,\cite{Got,Zemor2,Zemor3, Kovalev1,
Kovalev2,TerhalTradeoffs,Fetaya}); they are related to
a variety of issues... |
1,116,691,499,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Boundaries are important interpretable visual cues that can describe both the low-level image characteristics as well as high-level semantics in an image. Human vision uses occluding contours and boundaries to interpret unseen or seen objects and classes. In several vision tasks... |
1,116,691,499,668 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Communications (EP/I028153/1), as well as Toshiba Research Europe Ltd.
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\section{Introduction} \label{... |
1,116,691,499,669 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introd}
A system
of interacting hadrons, first of all, nuclear matter
is the attractive subject
\cite{nm-1,nm-2,nm-3,nm-4,nm-5,nm-6,nm-7,nm-8,nm-9,nm-10,GK99,nm-11}.
Realistic versions of the nuclear matter equation of state includes both
the attractive and repulsive forces
bet... |
1,116,691,499,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows the study of the brain in a non-invasive and in-vivo way. In particular, structural MRI (sMRI)
gives an anatomical differentiation of main brain tissues, enabling the automatic segmentation of them. The cortical surface can be extracted b... |
1,116,691,499,671 | arxiv | \section{Status of Proton Spin Structure}
For the past twenty years, much work has been done to understand the spin structure of the nucleons.
There has been progress in determining the contribution of the lightest quarks to the spin, but there
is still uncertain knowledge about the gluon contribution. Transversity s... |
1,116,691,499,672 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction and summary}
Recently Komargodski and Schwimmer have proved the four dimensional ``$a$-theorem" \cite{Komargodski:2011vj,Komargodski:2011xv}.
This theorem, conjectured originally by Cardy \cite{Cardy:1988cwa}, states that for any Renormalization Group (RG) flow bet... |
1,116,691,499,673 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The efficiency of the new large telescopes to increase our
knowledge of the universe and its constituents will depend
significantly on how astronomers can utilize them.
Only creatively-used and well-operated telescopes
will be able to contribute their share to the development of
astronomy.
Op... |
1,116,691,499,674 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
At the large hadron collider (LHC), the searches for new physics beyond the standard model (SM) have a preference for the colored particles. It is due to two reasons. First, from the argument for solving the gauge hierarchy problem, colored partners of top quark are expected, to cancel the qua... |
1,116,691,499,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
QCD depends on a remarkably small number of parameters. In
conventional discussions these include the strong coupling constant
$\alpha_s$, the quark masses $m_i$, and the topological parameter
$\Theta$. But unlike with QED, the theory of electrons and photons,
the connection with physical obse... |
1,116,691,499,676 | arxiv | \section{Discussion}
\label{sec:analysis}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\begin{minipage}{0.48\textwidth}
\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{discounting_tikz.pdf}
\caption{Perplexity with noising on Penn Treebank while varying the value of $\gamma_0$. Using discounting to scale
$\gamma_0$ (yielding $\gamma_\math... |
1,116,691,499,677 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The understanding of Ricci-flat metrics is a classical issue in Riemannian geometry. When they are non-compact, these metrics have at most Euclidean volume growth by Bishop-Gromov inequality and those which exactly have Euclidean volume growth are asymptotically conical. In dimension $4$, thi... |
1,116,691,499,678 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{ultiple} robots system (\emph{\small MRS}) allows simpler, cheaper, modular robotic units to be reorganized into a group based on the task at hand. It can be as effective as a task-specific, larger, monolithic robot, which may be more expensive and has to be rebuilt according to... |
1,116,691,499,679 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The field of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) was surrounded by many
years by a sort of fascinating ``aura", being for so long
a complete enigma.
Recent years saw a dramatic improvement of our knowledge
about them, especially about their phenomenology, thanks
to the data gathered by the {\it Compton Gamm... |
1,116,691,499,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An algebraic function is a quantity $y$ for which there are
polynomials $u_0,\dots,u_d$, not all zero, such that
\[
u_0(x) + u_1(x)y + \cdots + u_d(x)y^d = 0.
\]
A D-finite function is a quantity $y$ for which there are
polynomials $p_0,\dots,p_r$, not all zero, such that
\[
p_0(x)y... |
1,116,691,499,681 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
At the beginning of the Universe we expect that energy density was high, and it is likely that quantum gravity was important. Since string theory provides a consistent theory of quantum gravity, we must ask what kind of states are expected in string ... |
1,116,691,499,682 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Matrix/tensor completion is inherently ill-posed and thus demands additional constraints to ensure the existence of a nonempty and nontrivial family of solutions. Historically the focus has been on {\em the matrix} as a mathematical object rather than on properties that should be preserved based... |
1,116,691,499,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Young star clusters, with typical masses of $M_{\rm cl}=10^{3-6}~{\rm M}_\odot$, indicate recent or ongoing violent star formation, and are often triggered by mergers and close encounters between galaxies. Only a fraction of these young massive star clusters evolve into old globular clusters, wh... |
1,116,691,499,684 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Starting from a modular form $f \in S_k^{\text{new}}(\Gamma_0(N))$ with $k \geq 4$, we consider the two-dimensional $p$-adic Galois representation
$
V_f : G_{\mathbb{Q}} \longrightarrow \GL_2(F)
$
associated with $f$, where $G_{\mathbb{Q}}$ is the absolute Galois group $\Gal(\overline{\mathbb{Q}... |
1,116,691,499,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Matrix completion (MC) \cite{mnih2008probabilistic, kalofolias2014matrix,dziugaite2015neural} is one of the most important problems in modern recommender systems, using past user-item interactions to predict future user ratings or purchases. Specially, given a partially observed user-item histori... |
1,116,691,499,686 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Over the last decade, large-volume cosmological simulations have matured into one of the key tools in the study of galaxy formation \citep[][see also the review of \citealt{somerville_15}]{schaye_10, schaye_15, dubois_14, vogelsberger_14_illustris, vogelsberger_14_nature, da... |
1,116,691,499,687 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
In this paper, we proposed DPA, a transfer learning framework with discriminative pre-training tasks for academic performance prediction.
Our experimental results showed the effectiveness of DPA for the label-scarce academic performance prediction task over the previous state-of-the-art generative... |
1,116,691,499,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
\subsection{Background}\label{Background}
The original combination of a set of existing technologies (distributed ledgers, public-key encryption, merkle tree hashing, consensus protocols) gave origin to the peer-validated decentralised cryptocurrency called Bitcoin, originally introd... |
1,116,691,499,689 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction
Sevearal effects of numerical integration have been studied in various
aspects. In particular, the Gaussian quadrature rules for general
domains goes back to the monograph by
Stroud and Secrest \cite{stroud1966gaussian}, and
Herbold {\it et al.} \cite{herbold1969effect,
herbold1971effect}
repo... |
1,116,691,499,690 | arxiv | \subsection{Recollections from previous work}
Our computations will rely upon two fundamental facts about $\mathrm{THH}(\ell)$ that can be proven by non-motivic means. The first fact, due originally to McClure--Staffeldt at odd primes \cite{McClureStaffeldt} and Angeltveit--Rognes at the prime $2$ \cite{AngeltveitRo... |
1,116,691,499,691 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The aim of this paper is to compute genus zero \emph{open} Gromov-Witten
invariants for toric Calabi-Yau threefolds, through a relation between
ordinary Gromov-Witten invariants of $K_S$ and $K_{S_n}$, where $S_n$ is a
blowup of $S$.
The celebrated SYZ mirror symmetry was initiat... |
1,116,691,499,692 | arxiv | \subsection*{Impact Statement}
When the samples used to test the performance are drawn only from the 10 percent of the samples (i.e., those with the highest values of the critical temperature, greater or equal to 89 Kelvin), the new method called \textit{Spline Continued Fraction} Regression (Spln-CFR), is the top-ran... |
1,116,691,499,693 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A matrix is said to be \emph{completely positive semidefinite} if it admits a Gram representation by (Hermitian) positive semidefinite matrices of any size. The $n \times n$ completely positive semidefinite matrices form a convex cone, called the completely positive semidefinite cone, which is d... |
1,116,691,499,694 | arxiv | \section{Section title}
\section{Introduction \& Outline}
\label{sec:intro}
Our poor understanding of clouds has been identified as a major source of uncertainty in the prediction of future climate scenarios with Earth-system models used in future climate prediction \citep{IPCC_AR5}.
This unfortunate state-of-a... |
1,116,691,499,695 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The flavour content of atmospheric neutrino interactions has previously
been measured
in four underground experiments \cite{kam,imb,frejus,nusex}.
The first two experiments, those performed in water Cherenkov detectors, found
that the ratio of $\nu_\mu$ to $\nu_e$ events (tagged by the outgoing l... |
1,116,691,499,696 | arxiv | \subsection{Datasets and Evaluation Metrics}
\subsubsection{Datasets}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
We employ a publicly available dataset \cite{kermany2018identifying} to evaluate the performance of our Sparse-GAN. The whole dataset was from Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, German), and contains data with three different l... |
1,116,691,499,697 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{Introduction}
Reactors are a copious source of antineutrinos, and there is long history of exploiting them for measurements of fundamental neutrino properties. The first reactor antineutrino experiment was in fact the discovery of the neutrino by \cite{ReinesCowan}. More recently, the KamLA... |
1,116,691,499,698 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In many automatic speech recognition (ASR) applications, the audio signal originates
from an audio-visual source (e.g. YouTube video, TV broadcast).
The visual signal
provides both contextual information that may be related to the spoken content
(e.g. what is being discussed ... |
1,116,691,499,699 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Inspired by the appearance of multiple zeta values in quantum field theories \cite{BK}, \cite{CENSUS} Kontsevich informally conjectured in 1997 that for every graph the number of zeros of the
graph polynomial (see Sect.\ \ref{s21} for a definition) over a finite field ${\mathbb F}_q$ is a polyno... |
1,116,691,499,700 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent technology revolution has infiltrated most aspects of modern day life,
and has lead to an increase in demand for computing resources. Between 2010 and 2018 there was an estimated 550\% increase globally in the number of data center workloads and computing instances \cite{masanet202... |
1,116,691,499,701 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are known to often be triggered by interactions and mergers between their host galaxies \citep[e.g.][]{2000MNRAS.311..576K, comerford2015, Barrows201703, Goulding201706} which drive large amounts of gas towards the galaxy cores and Massive... |
1,116,691,499,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We are concerned with the recurrence properties of two repelling
random walks $\{S^i_n$; $i=1,2, n\geq 0\}$ taking values on $\mathbb Z$ in
which the repulsion is determined by the full previous history of the
joint process. Formally, assume that $S_0^i,\ldots S_{n_0}^i \in \mathbb Z$
are known f... |
1,116,691,499,703 | arxiv | \section{Strategy, Objectives and Summary}
Recently much attention has been paid to four dimensional conformal theories, since conformal theories or nearly conformal theories are attractive candidates for the beyond standard model.
To confront the nature, it is important to understand each conformal theory, and for thi... |
1,116,691,499,704 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Understanding matter in extreme conditions is challenging. Especially warm dense matter (WDM), which is characterized by temperatures above a few electronvolt (eV) and solid densities exhibits non-negligible degeneracy and strong correlations that must be treated in a quantum m... |
1,116,691,499,705 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mu$ be a probability measure supported on an infinite subset $E$ of the real line. We assume that $\int_{E} |x^{n}| d\mu < \infty$ for every nonnegative number $n$.
A sequence of monic polynomials $\{P_{n} (x)\}_{n\geq0}$ is said to be orthogonal with respect to $\mu$ when deg $P_{n} = n$ ... |
1,116,691,499,706 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pre-trained Transformer models~\cite{Vaswani2017AttentionIA, Devlin2019BERTPO} have become a standard building block for many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, providing robust language representations which can be specialized on ``downstream'' classification and generation tasks. Despi... |
1,116,691,499,707 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background and motivation}
Many studies about cooperation of autonomous mobile robots have been conducted in the field of distributed computing.
These studies focus on the minimum capabilities of robots that permit to achieve a given task.
To model operations of robots, the \emph{Loo... |
1,116,691,499,708 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The generation of cryptographically secure elliptic curves over prime fields is one of the most fundamental
and complex problems in elliptic curve cryptography. An elliptic curve (EC) is cryptographically
secure if its use in a cryptosystem guarantees robustness against all (currently) known att... |
1,116,691,499,709 | arxiv | \section{}
In latter years, a new field has emerged from the understanding, control and
manipulation of objects at nanoscale level (nano-objects). It is commonly known as
nanoscience. This field involves physics, chemistry and even engineering, and
addresses a huge number of important issues starting from basic sc... |
1,116,691,499,710 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Genes collectively form the organism's genomes and
can be viewed as ``atomic'' units whose evolutionary history forms
a tree. The history of species, which is also a tree, and the history
of their genes is intimately linked, since
the gene trees evolve along the species tree.
A deta... |
1,116,691,499,711 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A characteristic feature of the binary fission process is the presence of two excited nuclear fragments moving antiparallel to one another at moderate velocities, $\approx 0.05 \ c$. The two fragments quickly de-excite by emission of neutrons, followed by gamma rays in the con... |
1,116,691,499,712 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Creative editing for photos has become a ubiquitous need due to the advances in a plethora of social media platforms. AI-based techniques~\cite{liu2021generative} significantly lower the barrier of fancy image editing that traditionally requires specialized software and... |
1,116,691,499,713 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment}
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by continuous decline in cognition, memory and brain functions \cite{mattson2004pathways}. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as the intermediate st... |
1,116,691,499,714 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{section:1}
We present a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approximation of the linearized vibrations of an elastic structure. In many applications, the displacement field is not necessarily the variable of primary interest. We consider here the dual-mixed formulation of the elasticity eigenprobl... |
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